In Homer, moreover, the
Phrygians
are styled Xaoi
'Orpfjoc Kai Mvydovoc avuBioto.
'Orpfjoc Kai Mvydovoc avuBioto.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
KUS.
? icate i work of a mixed character, as the term ttparip j and 480 A. D.
iJ tunics a vessel :z which wine and water were mixed.
"? A. Hymn to Cures. Cited by Pausanias as the
only authentic production of Musajus. It was com-
posed for the family of the Lycomedse, who appear to
have cherished a particular veneration for Certs; for
they possessed a temple of this goddess, which was
destroyed by the Persians, and which Themislocles,
>>ho belonged to this same family, rebuilt. (Plut,
V>>/- Them. )--10. A Hymn in honour of Bacchus.
Cited by JFAius Aristides in his Eulogium on this di-
TiCHy. --11. n*pi OeonpuTuv ("Of the Thcsproli-
<<>>*"). Clemens Alexandrinus states, that Eugam-
nion of Cyrene, a poet who flourished about the 53d
Olympiad, claimed this as his own production, and
published it under his own name. To render such
am act of plagiarism at all possible, the poem of
Muscua must have previously fallen into complete
oblivion. It contained a description of the remark-
? bio things in Thesprolia. -- IS. Isthmian Songs.
Cued by the scholiasts on Euripides and on Apol-
lomus Khodius. These cannot, however, have been
productions of Musaus, as he lived before the es-
tablishment of the Isthmian games--The few scat-
tered remains that we possess of Musrus have been
reunited by H. Stephens, in his collection of the
philosophic poets, and, among others, by Passow,
in his "Musaus, Urschrift, Uebcrsctzung, Einlei-
tung, und Kritische Anmcrkungcn," Leipzig, 1810,
8vo- -- II. A native of Ephcsus, who resided at Per-
gamus. He was the author of an epic poem in ten
books, entitled Pcrscis, and also of other effusions
in honour of Eumenes and Attalus. Moreri thinks
that he wrote the Isthmian Songs, which the scho-
liasts on Euripides and on Apollonius Khodius cite
under the name of Musama. He does not appear to
have been the writer of whom Martial speaks (12,
**'? --"I- A grammarian, the author of a poem found-
ed on the story of Hero and Leandcr. Opinions have
orcatly varied relative to the age of this production.
Julius Cajsar Scaliger believed that it was the compo-
sition of the elder Musreus, the Athenian, and anterior,
consequently. , to the Iliad and Odyssey. (Ars Poet. ,
5, 2, 214. ) The poem in question is undoubtedly,
"i I . "* regards 'hc story itself and the diction in
MIT
, --TM -TM- . . . ~. A circumstance, moreover, unimpor-
tant in itself, comes in support of this calculation. All
. . . . C* J . . . . *. . . H. . V* tut, UH. LH.
winch it is arrayed, worthy of a place among the ear-
lier poems of the Greeks; and yet, at the same time,
it bears evident marks of a much more recent origin,
as well in the colouring of sentiment with which "the
author has softened down the plainer and less deli-
cate handing of such subjects as this, which mark-
ed the earlier writers, as in some of the images which
are occasionally introduced. For example, no poet of
the Homeric age would have indulged in such a senti-
ment as the following: "The ancients falsely asserted
that there were only three Graces: every laughing
glance of Hero's blooms with a hundred. " The opin-
ion therefore, of the elder Scaliger has been rejected
by Joseph his son, and by all subsequent critics,
boine have placed this poem in the 12th or 13th cen-
IH^f bccause thc first and only mention of it is made
PJ lzctxes, who speaks of it in his Chiliads (2, 435 ?
10 520 ; 13, 943). The purity of language, however]
aim l\io taste which distinguish this production of Mu-
? ? ssus, do not warrant the opinion of its having been so
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? MYC
m yu
ouch the lime as the Priapus of the Greeks. His
temple was at first in the city, but was afterward, in
the limn of Augustus, removed to the twenty-sixth
milestone. Fesius calls him Mutinus Titinus. (Con-
sult Lactant. , 1, 20. --Amob. , I. 4, p. 131. --August. ,
it Civ. Dei, 4, 11-- Id. ib. , 6, 9. --Tertull. , ApoL, c.
25. --Dulaurc, Hist, del Cultes, vol. 2, p. 160, seqq. )
Mozeris, a harbour of India intra Gangem, on the
western coast, below the Sinus Barygazcnus. It was
much frequented in the first century of our era, though
somewhat dangerous to visit on account of the pirates
in its vicinity. (Plin. , 6, 23. ) It appears to corre-
spond to the modern Mirzno or Mirdschno. (Man-
nert, Gccgr. , vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 199, seqq. )
Mycale, I. a promontory of Ionia, in Asia Minor,
opposite the island of Samoa. It is a continuation of
Mount Messogis, which chain ran along the upper
side of tho Maeander for the greater part of its course.
Mycale was known to Homer (//. , 2, 869). and, at a
later day, the Panionium, or solemn assembly of the
Ionian ststes, was held in a temple situate at its foot.
{Herod. , 1, 148). Its principal celebrity, however,
arose from the battle that was fought here between the
Greeks and Persians on the 22d of September, 479
B. C. , the same day that Mardonius was defeated at
PlaU'a. The battle of Mycale took place in the morn-
ing, that of Plalsea in the evening. The Samians,
without the knowledge of their tyrant or the Persians,
had sent messengers to invite the Grecian fleet at
Deles to pass over to Ionia, assuring the commanders
of their superiority to the Persian force in those seas,
and of the disposition of the Ionians to revolt. The
Greeks complied; and on their approach, the Persian
leaden, feeling themselves too weak for a sea-light,
sent away the Phoenician ships, and, bringing the others
to the promontory of Mycale, near Miletus, where the
land-army was encamped, drew them upon the beach,
an easy thing with the light vessels used in ancient
war, and surrounded them with a rampart. The Per-
sian land army was under the command of Tigrancs,
and amounted to 60,000 men. It had been left by
Xerxes, when he began his expedition, for the security
of Ionia: he himself was still at Sardis. The army
was posted in front of tho ships. The chief com-
mander of the Greeks was Leotychides, a Spartan of
flns of the royal houses. On arriving, he repeated,
with the same double purpose, the stratagem of The-
mistocles at Artcmisium. Sailing along the shore, he
made proclamation by a herald to the Ionians, bidding
them remember that the Greeks were fighting for their
liberty. The Persians were already jealous of the
Samians, because they had ransomed and sent home
some Athenian prisoners; and their suspicions being
strengthened and made more general by the proclama-
tion, they disarmed the Samians, and sent the Mile-
sians to guard the passes, under pretence of profiting
by their knowledge of tha country, but really to re-
move them from tho camp. The Athenians, advan-
cing along the beach, commenced the action, followed
by the Corinthians, Trazenians, and Sicyonians. After
some hard fighting they drove the enemy to his intrench-
ments, and then forced the enclosure, on which the
mass of the army fled, tho Persians only still resisting.
It was not till now that the Lacedx-monians came up,
having been impeded by steep and broken ground.
On seeing the Greeks prevailing, the Samians. though
unarmed, did what they could in their favour, and the
? ? other Ionians followed their example, and sided with
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? MIC
m ya
lather Acrisius. (Pausanias, 2, 18. --Strabo, 377. )
The nunc was supposed by some to be derived from
Mycene, daughter of lnachus; but others assigned a
different origin to the word, as may be seen from Pau-
eanias (2, 16). Perseus was succeeded by Sthehelus,
married to a daughter of Pclops named Astydamia;
? Iter whom followed Euryslheus, Atreus, and Aga-
memnon. Under the last named monarch, the empire
of Mycenae reached its highest degree of opulence and
power, since his authority was acknowledged by the
whole of Greece. (Thucyd. , 1, 9. --Died. Sic. , 11,
65. )--Mycenae, which had been superior even to Argos
in the Trojan war, declined after the return of the Her-
icude; and in the 78th Olympiad, or 4G8 IK'. , the
Argives, having attacked and captured '. he city, lev-
tiled it to the ground and enslaved its inhabitants.
[Diod. Sic, 11, 65. --Strabo, 372. ) Pausanias at-
tributes the destruction of Mycenae to the envy which
the glory acquired by the troops of that city at Ther-
mopyla) and Plataea had excited in the minds of the
Argives (2, 16. --Compare Herod. , 7, 208). But Di-
mlorus affirm. ", that the war arose from a dispute rela-
tive to the temple of Juno, which was common to the
two republics. Strabo states, that so complete was
he destruction of this celebrated capital, that not a
vestige remained of its existence. This assertion,
However, is not correct, since Pausanias informs us
that several parts of the walls were yet standing, as
also one of the gates, surmounted by lions, when he
visited the ruins. Modern travellers have given us a
full and interesting account of these vestiges. The
most remarkable among the remains of antiquity is
what is termed the Treasury of Atreus. It is a hollow
cone of 50 feet in diameter, and as many in height. It
is composed of enormous masses of a very hard breccia,
or sort of pudding-stone. This extraordinary edifice
has obviously been raised by the projection of one stone
shore another, and they nearly meet at the top. The
central stone at the top has been removed, along wiih
_ Ivro or three others, and yet the building remains as
durable as ever, and will probably last to the end of
Ace. Sir W. Gell discovered brass nails placed at
regular distances throughout the interior, which he
thinks n-. jst have served to fasten plates of brass to
the will. (Gell's Argulis, p. 29, seqq. ) These nails
consist of 88 parts of copper and 12 of tin. Dr.
Clark'! opposes the opinion of this being the Treasury
of Aliens, principally on the ground that it was without
the nails of the city, deeming it far more probable,
and more in conformity with what we find in ancient
writes, that the Treasury was within the walls, in the
very citadel. He considers it to be the Heroiim of
Perseus. (Travels, vol. 6, p. 493, Lond. ed. ) What-
ever may have been its use, it is worthy of notice,
that cells of bronze or brass, i. <:. , covered within with
plates of brass, were very common in ancient Argolis.
Such, no doubt, were the brazen place of confinement
of Danae. and the lurking-place of Eurystheus when in
fear of Hercules. The remains of the ancient walls
are also very cur ous, being evidently of that style of
building called C fc'opean. Among other things, the
Gate of the l. ioi. i, mentioned by Pausanias, still re-
mains. The modern village of Krabalk stands near
the ruins of Mycenae. --The name of Mycenae was
probably derived from its situation in a recess (/tvru)
formed by two mountains, and not, as Pausanias im-
agines, from a mushroom, or the pommel of a sword.
? ? Mycekinus, a king of Egypt, son of Cheops ac-
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? HVN
MiT R
Phr)gia, either from a branch of the Mygdones having
settled there at a very early period, while they were still
regarded as a Thracian tribe, or else from one of tho
ancient monarchs of the land. In favour of the first
of these opinions we have the authority of Strabo (576),
who speaks of the Mygdones as occupying the northern
parts of Phrygia. On the other hand, Pausanias makes
the Phrygians to have received the appellation of Myg-
donians from Mygdon, one of their early kings (10,
27). With Pausanias coincide Stephanus of Byzanti-
? im, and the scholiast on Apolloniua Rhodius (2, 787).
In Homer, moreover, the Phrygians are styled Xaoi
'Orpfjoc Kai Mvydovoc avuBioto. The first of these
two opinions, however, is evidently the more correct
one. It is more consistent with reason that a country
should give an appellation to its ruler than receive
one from him.
Myodonus or Mvooon, I. an ancient monarch of
the Mygdones. (Pausan. , 10, 27. -- Vid. Mygdonus
II. )--II. A brother of Hecuba, Priam's wife, who
reigned in part of Thrace. His son Corccbus was
called Mygdonides from him. (Virg. , Mneid, 2,
341. )
Mylasa (orum), a city of Caria, situate to the south-
west of Stralonicea, and a short distance to the north
of the harbour Physeus. It was of Grecian origin,
and was founded at a very early period, but by whom
is uncertain. Here, at one time, resided Hecatomnus,
the progenitor of Mausolus. (Siraio, 659 ) MyUss,
? s Strabo reports, was situate in a fertile plain, and at
the foot of a mountain containing veins of a beautiful
white marble. This was of great advantage to the
city for the construction of public and other buildings;
and the inhabitants were not slow in availing them-
selves of it; few cities, as Strabo remarks, being so
sumptuously embellished with handsome porticoes and
stately temples. (Strabo, 659. ) It was particularly
famous, however, for a very ancient temple of the Ca-
rian Jove, and for another, of nearly equal antiquity,
sacred to Jupiter Osogus. In after times a very beau-
tiful temple was erected here, dedicated to Augustus
and to Home. Mylasa suffered severely in the inroad
of Labienus, during the contest between Antony and
Augustus, but was subsequently restored. (Dio Cass. ,
48, 26. ) Pocncke saw the temple to Augustus nearly
entire, but it has since been destroyed, and the mate-
rials have been used for building a mosque. (Pococke,
vol. 2, pt. 2, c. 6. --Compare Chandler, Asia Minor,
e. 66. ) Mylasa is now Melassn, and is at the pres-
ent day remarkable for producing the best tobacco in
Turkey. Maunert, however, thinks that Mylasa must
be sought for in the vicinity of the modern Mulla,
while Reichard (Tkes. Top. Noremb. , 1824) is in fa-
vour of Myllesch. --As regards the ancient name of
this city, it may be remarked that the older Greek wri-
ters, with the exception, perhaps, of Polybius (de Virt. ,
ice, 1. 16, ad fin. ), give MvXaoaa (Mylassa); while
Pliny, Pausanias, Stephanus of Byzantium, Hierocles,
and others, have Mylasa (MvXaoa). and with this lat-
ter form the coins that have been discovered appear to
agree. (Manner! , Geogr. , vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 281. )
Mylb or Myl*, now Milazzo, was situate on a
tongue of land southwest of Pclorum, on the northern
coast of Sicily. Between this place and a station
called Naulochus, ihe fleet of Sextus Pompeius was
defeated by that of the triumvir Octavius, under the
command of Agrippa. (Thucyd. , 3, 90. --Win. , 3, 8.
? ? --Veil. Palere. , 2, 79. ) Reichard makes Myla> an-
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? MU
M If S
Mtbiandb >s, a city J Asia Minor, on the B<<y of
Usus, below Alexandrea (xard 'laoov), which Xeno-
phon (Anab. , 1, 4) places in Syria beyond the Pylae
Cilicias; but Scylax includes it within the limits of
Cilicia (p. 40). as well as Strabo, who says that Se-
leocia of Pieria, near the mouth of the Orontes, was
the firat Syrian town beyond the Gulf of Issus. It
wis a place of considerable trade in the time of the
Persian dominicn. Xenophon speaks of the number
of merchant vessels here. It declined at a later pe-
riod, in consequence of its vicinity to the more flour-
ishing city of Alexandres. It appears to have been
originally a Phoenician settlement. (Xen. , I. c. --Scy-
lax, I. c. ) The'modem name is not given by any trav-
eller.
Myitis a, I. a city and harbour of jEolis, in Asia
Minor, forty stadia to the north of Cyma. (Strabo,
621. ) According to Mela (1, IS), it was the oldest
of the -Eolian cities, and received its name from My-
rinus its founder. Pliny (5, 30) states that it after-
ward assumed the name of Sebastopolis, of which,
however, no trace appears on its coins. Philip, king
of Macedonia (son of Demetrius), held possession of
it for some time, with a view to future operations in
Asia Minor; but, being vanquished by the Romans,
he was compelled by that people to evacuate the
placo. (Polyb. , 18, 27. -- Liv. , 33, 30. ) Hierocles
makes mention of this city at a later period (p. 661),
after which we lose sight of it. It was the native
olacc of Agathias. Choiseul Gouffier gives the mod-
srn namo as Sandarlik. --II. A city on the north-
western coast of Lemnos, and one of the principal
places in the island. It was situate on the side look-
ing towards Mount Athos, since Pliny reports (4,12)
that the shadow of the mountains was visible in the
brum of this city at the time of the summer solstice.
--Myrina alone offered resistance to Miltiades when
Jut general went against Lemnos. It was taken,
Bowcvcr, by his forces. (Herod. , 6, 140. -- Steph.
By:. , s. v. ifvpiva. ) The ruins of this town aro still
to 0c seen. On its site stands the modern Castro.
(Walpole's Collection, vol. 1, p. 54. )--III. A town of
Crete, north of Lyctua. (Pliny, 4, 12. ) It still re-
tains its ancient name. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol.
J, p. 393. )
MvRiM-s, a surname of Apollo, from Myrina in
,Eoha, where he was worshipped.
MvRMEcinKs, an artist of Miletus, mentioned as
malting chariots so small that they were covered by
the wing of a fly. He also inscribed an elegiac distich
on a grain of scsamum. (Cic, Acad, 4. -- Mlian,
V. H, 1, 17. -- Perizon, ad loc. -- SiUig, Diet. Art. ,
<<. >>. )
Mvrmioomes, a people on the southern borders of
Thessaly, who accompanied Achilles to the Trojan
war. They received their name, according to one
account, from Myrmidon, a eon of Jupiter and Eury-
medusa, who married one of the daughters of -Eolus,
and whose son Actor married ^Egina, the daughter
of the Aaopus. According to some, the Myrmidons
were so called from their having been originally ants,
uip)n)Ktc. (Vid. iEacus ) This change from ants
to men ia founded merely upon the equivocation of
their name, which resembles that of the ant (/lvp/tnf).
(Ovid, Met, 7, 6hi. --Strab. --Hygin. ,fab. , 52. )
Myron, a celebrated statuary and engraver on sil-
ver, who lived in Olymp. 87. Pausanias styles him
? ? an Athenian (6, 2, 1). The reason of this is satis-
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? MYHIA.
*t>>, whero the original race maintained itself under
ike name of Mcesi, by which they were known to the
Romans for seveiai centuries after the Christian era.
{Strab. , 303. --Artem. , ap. eund. , 671. ) Nor is that
opinion at variance with the tradition which looked
upon this people as of a kindred race with the Carians
and Lydians, since th-'se two nations-were likewise
supposed to have come from Thrace (Herod. , 1, 172. --
Strub. , 659); nor with another, which regarded them
in particular as descended from the Lydians. in whose
language the word mysos signified " a beech," which
tree, it was farther observed, abounded in the woods
ut the Mysiar. Olympus. Strabo, who has copied
these particulars from Xanthus the Lydian, and Me-
necrates of Elaja, states also, on their authority, that
the Myaian dialect was a mixture of those of Phrygia
and J. ydia. (Strai. , 572. )--We may collect from
Herodotus that the Mysiana were already a numerous
and powerful people before the Trojan war, since he
speaks of a vast expedition having been undertaken by-
them, in conjunction with the Teucri, into Europe, in
the course of which they subjugated the whole of Thrace
and Macedonia, as far as the Pcneus and the Ionian
Sea. (Herod. , 7, 20, 75. ) Subsequently, however,
to this period, the date of which is very rcinoto and
uncertain, it appears that the Mysi were confined in
Asia Minor within limits which correspond but lit-
tle with such extensive conquests. Strabo is inclined
to suppose that their primary scat in that country was
the district which surrounds Mount Olympus, whence
'ie thinks they were afterward driven by the Phrygians,
and forced to retire to the banks of the Caicus, where
the Arcadian Telephus became their king. (Eurip. ,
ap. Arislot. , Rket. , 3, 2--S/rai. . 572--riygin. ,/ao. ,
101 ) Bit it appears from Herodotus that they still
occup'fi :he Olympian district in the lime of Croesus,
whose subjects they had become, and whose aid they
requested to destroy the wild boar which ravaged their
country (t, 36). Strabo himself also recognises the
livision of this people into the Mysians of Mount Olym-
pus an4 those of the Caicus (571). These two dis-
tricts answer respectively to the Mysia Minor and Ma-
jor of Ptolemy. Homer enumerates the Mysi among
the allies of Priam in several pasaages, but he nowhere
defines their territory, or even names their towns; in
Dne place, indeed, he evidently assigns to them a sit-
uation among the Thracians of Europe. (//. , 13,5. )
--The Mysians of Asia had become subject to the
Lydian monarchs in the reign of Alyattes, father to
Croesus, and perhaps earlier, as appears from a pas-
sage of Nicolaus Damascenus, who reports that Cros-
sus had been appointed to the government of the ter-
ritory of Adrainytlium and the Theban plain during
the reign of his father. (Creuzer, Hist. Frag. , p.
203. ) Strabo even affirms that Troas was already
subjected in the reign of Gyges. (Strab , 590. ) On
the dissolution of the Lydian empire, they passed, to-
gether with the other nations of Asia, under the Per-
sian dominion, and formed part of the third satrapy in
tho division made by Darius. (Herod. , 3, 90. --Id. ,
7, 74. ) After the death of Alexander they were an-
nexed to the Syrian empire; but, on the defeat of An-
ticchus, the Romans rewarded the services of Eume-
r.
? icate i work of a mixed character, as the term ttparip j and 480 A. D.
iJ tunics a vessel :z which wine and water were mixed.
"? A. Hymn to Cures. Cited by Pausanias as the
only authentic production of Musajus. It was com-
posed for the family of the Lycomedse, who appear to
have cherished a particular veneration for Certs; for
they possessed a temple of this goddess, which was
destroyed by the Persians, and which Themislocles,
>>ho belonged to this same family, rebuilt. (Plut,
V>>/- Them. )--10. A Hymn in honour of Bacchus.
Cited by JFAius Aristides in his Eulogium on this di-
TiCHy. --11. n*pi OeonpuTuv ("Of the Thcsproli-
<<>>*"). Clemens Alexandrinus states, that Eugam-
nion of Cyrene, a poet who flourished about the 53d
Olympiad, claimed this as his own production, and
published it under his own name. To render such
am act of plagiarism at all possible, the poem of
Muscua must have previously fallen into complete
oblivion. It contained a description of the remark-
? bio things in Thesprolia. -- IS. Isthmian Songs.
Cued by the scholiasts on Euripides and on Apol-
lomus Khodius. These cannot, however, have been
productions of Musaus, as he lived before the es-
tablishment of the Isthmian games--The few scat-
tered remains that we possess of Musrus have been
reunited by H. Stephens, in his collection of the
philosophic poets, and, among others, by Passow,
in his "Musaus, Urschrift, Uebcrsctzung, Einlei-
tung, und Kritische Anmcrkungcn," Leipzig, 1810,
8vo- -- II. A native of Ephcsus, who resided at Per-
gamus. He was the author of an epic poem in ten
books, entitled Pcrscis, and also of other effusions
in honour of Eumenes and Attalus. Moreri thinks
that he wrote the Isthmian Songs, which the scho-
liasts on Euripides and on Apollonius Khodius cite
under the name of Musama. He does not appear to
have been the writer of whom Martial speaks (12,
**'? --"I- A grammarian, the author of a poem found-
ed on the story of Hero and Leandcr. Opinions have
orcatly varied relative to the age of this production.
Julius Cajsar Scaliger believed that it was the compo-
sition of the elder Musreus, the Athenian, and anterior,
consequently. , to the Iliad and Odyssey. (Ars Poet. ,
5, 2, 214. ) The poem in question is undoubtedly,
"i I . "* regards 'hc story itself and the diction in
MIT
, --TM -TM- . . . ~. A circumstance, moreover, unimpor-
tant in itself, comes in support of this calculation. All
. . . . C* J . . . . *. . . H. . V* tut, UH. LH.
winch it is arrayed, worthy of a place among the ear-
lier poems of the Greeks; and yet, at the same time,
it bears evident marks of a much more recent origin,
as well in the colouring of sentiment with which "the
author has softened down the plainer and less deli-
cate handing of such subjects as this, which mark-
ed the earlier writers, as in some of the images which
are occasionally introduced. For example, no poet of
the Homeric age would have indulged in such a senti-
ment as the following: "The ancients falsely asserted
that there were only three Graces: every laughing
glance of Hero's blooms with a hundred. " The opin-
ion therefore, of the elder Scaliger has been rejected
by Joseph his son, and by all subsequent critics,
boine have placed this poem in the 12th or 13th cen-
IH^f bccause thc first and only mention of it is made
PJ lzctxes, who speaks of it in his Chiliads (2, 435 ?
10 520 ; 13, 943). The purity of language, however]
aim l\io taste which distinguish this production of Mu-
? ? ssus, do not warrant the opinion of its having been so
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? MYC
m yu
ouch the lime as the Priapus of the Greeks. His
temple was at first in the city, but was afterward, in
the limn of Augustus, removed to the twenty-sixth
milestone. Fesius calls him Mutinus Titinus. (Con-
sult Lactant. , 1, 20. --Amob. , I. 4, p. 131. --August. ,
it Civ. Dei, 4, 11-- Id. ib. , 6, 9. --Tertull. , ApoL, c.
25. --Dulaurc, Hist, del Cultes, vol. 2, p. 160, seqq. )
Mozeris, a harbour of India intra Gangem, on the
western coast, below the Sinus Barygazcnus. It was
much frequented in the first century of our era, though
somewhat dangerous to visit on account of the pirates
in its vicinity. (Plin. , 6, 23. ) It appears to corre-
spond to the modern Mirzno or Mirdschno. (Man-
nert, Gccgr. , vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 199, seqq. )
Mycale, I. a promontory of Ionia, in Asia Minor,
opposite the island of Samoa. It is a continuation of
Mount Messogis, which chain ran along the upper
side of tho Maeander for the greater part of its course.
Mycale was known to Homer (//. , 2, 869). and, at a
later day, the Panionium, or solemn assembly of the
Ionian ststes, was held in a temple situate at its foot.
{Herod. , 1, 148). Its principal celebrity, however,
arose from the battle that was fought here between the
Greeks and Persians on the 22d of September, 479
B. C. , the same day that Mardonius was defeated at
PlaU'a. The battle of Mycale took place in the morn-
ing, that of Plalsea in the evening. The Samians,
without the knowledge of their tyrant or the Persians,
had sent messengers to invite the Grecian fleet at
Deles to pass over to Ionia, assuring the commanders
of their superiority to the Persian force in those seas,
and of the disposition of the Ionians to revolt. The
Greeks complied; and on their approach, the Persian
leaden, feeling themselves too weak for a sea-light,
sent away the Phoenician ships, and, bringing the others
to the promontory of Mycale, near Miletus, where the
land-army was encamped, drew them upon the beach,
an easy thing with the light vessels used in ancient
war, and surrounded them with a rampart. The Per-
sian land army was under the command of Tigrancs,
and amounted to 60,000 men. It had been left by
Xerxes, when he began his expedition, for the security
of Ionia: he himself was still at Sardis. The army
was posted in front of tho ships. The chief com-
mander of the Greeks was Leotychides, a Spartan of
flns of the royal houses. On arriving, he repeated,
with the same double purpose, the stratagem of The-
mistocles at Artcmisium. Sailing along the shore, he
made proclamation by a herald to the Ionians, bidding
them remember that the Greeks were fighting for their
liberty. The Persians were already jealous of the
Samians, because they had ransomed and sent home
some Athenian prisoners; and their suspicions being
strengthened and made more general by the proclama-
tion, they disarmed the Samians, and sent the Mile-
sians to guard the passes, under pretence of profiting
by their knowledge of tha country, but really to re-
move them from tho camp. The Athenians, advan-
cing along the beach, commenced the action, followed
by the Corinthians, Trazenians, and Sicyonians. After
some hard fighting they drove the enemy to his intrench-
ments, and then forced the enclosure, on which the
mass of the army fled, tho Persians only still resisting.
It was not till now that the Lacedx-monians came up,
having been impeded by steep and broken ground.
On seeing the Greeks prevailing, the Samians. though
unarmed, did what they could in their favour, and the
? ? other Ionians followed their example, and sided with
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? MIC
m ya
lather Acrisius. (Pausanias, 2, 18. --Strabo, 377. )
The nunc was supposed by some to be derived from
Mycene, daughter of lnachus; but others assigned a
different origin to the word, as may be seen from Pau-
eanias (2, 16). Perseus was succeeded by Sthehelus,
married to a daughter of Pclops named Astydamia;
? Iter whom followed Euryslheus, Atreus, and Aga-
memnon. Under the last named monarch, the empire
of Mycenae reached its highest degree of opulence and
power, since his authority was acknowledged by the
whole of Greece. (Thucyd. , 1, 9. --Died. Sic. , 11,
65. )--Mycenae, which had been superior even to Argos
in the Trojan war, declined after the return of the Her-
icude; and in the 78th Olympiad, or 4G8 IK'. , the
Argives, having attacked and captured '. he city, lev-
tiled it to the ground and enslaved its inhabitants.
[Diod. Sic, 11, 65. --Strabo, 372. ) Pausanias at-
tributes the destruction of Mycenae to the envy which
the glory acquired by the troops of that city at Ther-
mopyla) and Plataea had excited in the minds of the
Argives (2, 16. --Compare Herod. , 7, 208). But Di-
mlorus affirm. ", that the war arose from a dispute rela-
tive to the temple of Juno, which was common to the
two republics. Strabo states, that so complete was
he destruction of this celebrated capital, that not a
vestige remained of its existence. This assertion,
However, is not correct, since Pausanias informs us
that several parts of the walls were yet standing, as
also one of the gates, surmounted by lions, when he
visited the ruins. Modern travellers have given us a
full and interesting account of these vestiges. The
most remarkable among the remains of antiquity is
what is termed the Treasury of Atreus. It is a hollow
cone of 50 feet in diameter, and as many in height. It
is composed of enormous masses of a very hard breccia,
or sort of pudding-stone. This extraordinary edifice
has obviously been raised by the projection of one stone
shore another, and they nearly meet at the top. The
central stone at the top has been removed, along wiih
_ Ivro or three others, and yet the building remains as
durable as ever, and will probably last to the end of
Ace. Sir W. Gell discovered brass nails placed at
regular distances throughout the interior, which he
thinks n-. jst have served to fasten plates of brass to
the will. (Gell's Argulis, p. 29, seqq. ) These nails
consist of 88 parts of copper and 12 of tin. Dr.
Clark'! opposes the opinion of this being the Treasury
of Aliens, principally on the ground that it was without
the nails of the city, deeming it far more probable,
and more in conformity with what we find in ancient
writes, that the Treasury was within the walls, in the
very citadel. He considers it to be the Heroiim of
Perseus. (Travels, vol. 6, p. 493, Lond. ed. ) What-
ever may have been its use, it is worthy of notice,
that cells of bronze or brass, i. <:. , covered within with
plates of brass, were very common in ancient Argolis.
Such, no doubt, were the brazen place of confinement
of Danae. and the lurking-place of Eurystheus when in
fear of Hercules. The remains of the ancient walls
are also very cur ous, being evidently of that style of
building called C fc'opean. Among other things, the
Gate of the l. ioi. i, mentioned by Pausanias, still re-
mains. The modern village of Krabalk stands near
the ruins of Mycenae. --The name of Mycenae was
probably derived from its situation in a recess (/tvru)
formed by two mountains, and not, as Pausanias im-
agines, from a mushroom, or the pommel of a sword.
? ? Mycekinus, a king of Egypt, son of Cheops ac-
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? HVN
MiT R
Phr)gia, either from a branch of the Mygdones having
settled there at a very early period, while they were still
regarded as a Thracian tribe, or else from one of tho
ancient monarchs of the land. In favour of the first
of these opinions we have the authority of Strabo (576),
who speaks of the Mygdones as occupying the northern
parts of Phrygia. On the other hand, Pausanias makes
the Phrygians to have received the appellation of Myg-
donians from Mygdon, one of their early kings (10,
27). With Pausanias coincide Stephanus of Byzanti-
? im, and the scholiast on Apolloniua Rhodius (2, 787).
In Homer, moreover, the Phrygians are styled Xaoi
'Orpfjoc Kai Mvydovoc avuBioto. The first of these
two opinions, however, is evidently the more correct
one. It is more consistent with reason that a country
should give an appellation to its ruler than receive
one from him.
Myodonus or Mvooon, I. an ancient monarch of
the Mygdones. (Pausan. , 10, 27. -- Vid. Mygdonus
II. )--II. A brother of Hecuba, Priam's wife, who
reigned in part of Thrace. His son Corccbus was
called Mygdonides from him. (Virg. , Mneid, 2,
341. )
Mylasa (orum), a city of Caria, situate to the south-
west of Stralonicea, and a short distance to the north
of the harbour Physeus. It was of Grecian origin,
and was founded at a very early period, but by whom
is uncertain. Here, at one time, resided Hecatomnus,
the progenitor of Mausolus. (Siraio, 659 ) MyUss,
? s Strabo reports, was situate in a fertile plain, and at
the foot of a mountain containing veins of a beautiful
white marble. This was of great advantage to the
city for the construction of public and other buildings;
and the inhabitants were not slow in availing them-
selves of it; few cities, as Strabo remarks, being so
sumptuously embellished with handsome porticoes and
stately temples. (Strabo, 659. ) It was particularly
famous, however, for a very ancient temple of the Ca-
rian Jove, and for another, of nearly equal antiquity,
sacred to Jupiter Osogus. In after times a very beau-
tiful temple was erected here, dedicated to Augustus
and to Home. Mylasa suffered severely in the inroad
of Labienus, during the contest between Antony and
Augustus, but was subsequently restored. (Dio Cass. ,
48, 26. ) Pocncke saw the temple to Augustus nearly
entire, but it has since been destroyed, and the mate-
rials have been used for building a mosque. (Pococke,
vol. 2, pt. 2, c. 6. --Compare Chandler, Asia Minor,
e. 66. ) Mylasa is now Melassn, and is at the pres-
ent day remarkable for producing the best tobacco in
Turkey. Maunert, however, thinks that Mylasa must
be sought for in the vicinity of the modern Mulla,
while Reichard (Tkes. Top. Noremb. , 1824) is in fa-
vour of Myllesch. --As regards the ancient name of
this city, it may be remarked that the older Greek wri-
ters, with the exception, perhaps, of Polybius (de Virt. ,
ice, 1. 16, ad fin. ), give MvXaoaa (Mylassa); while
Pliny, Pausanias, Stephanus of Byzantium, Hierocles,
and others, have Mylasa (MvXaoa). and with this lat-
ter form the coins that have been discovered appear to
agree. (Manner! , Geogr. , vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 281. )
Mylb or Myl*, now Milazzo, was situate on a
tongue of land southwest of Pclorum, on the northern
coast of Sicily. Between this place and a station
called Naulochus, ihe fleet of Sextus Pompeius was
defeated by that of the triumvir Octavius, under the
command of Agrippa. (Thucyd. , 3, 90. --Win. , 3, 8.
? ? --Veil. Palere. , 2, 79. ) Reichard makes Myla> an-
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? MU
M If S
Mtbiandb >s, a city J Asia Minor, on the B<<y of
Usus, below Alexandrea (xard 'laoov), which Xeno-
phon (Anab. , 1, 4) places in Syria beyond the Pylae
Cilicias; but Scylax includes it within the limits of
Cilicia (p. 40). as well as Strabo, who says that Se-
leocia of Pieria, near the mouth of the Orontes, was
the firat Syrian town beyond the Gulf of Issus. It
wis a place of considerable trade in the time of the
Persian dominicn. Xenophon speaks of the number
of merchant vessels here. It declined at a later pe-
riod, in consequence of its vicinity to the more flour-
ishing city of Alexandres. It appears to have been
originally a Phoenician settlement. (Xen. , I. c. --Scy-
lax, I. c. ) The'modem name is not given by any trav-
eller.
Myitis a, I. a city and harbour of jEolis, in Asia
Minor, forty stadia to the north of Cyma. (Strabo,
621. ) According to Mela (1, IS), it was the oldest
of the -Eolian cities, and received its name from My-
rinus its founder. Pliny (5, 30) states that it after-
ward assumed the name of Sebastopolis, of which,
however, no trace appears on its coins. Philip, king
of Macedonia (son of Demetrius), held possession of
it for some time, with a view to future operations in
Asia Minor; but, being vanquished by the Romans,
he was compelled by that people to evacuate the
placo. (Polyb. , 18, 27. -- Liv. , 33, 30. ) Hierocles
makes mention of this city at a later period (p. 661),
after which we lose sight of it. It was the native
olacc of Agathias. Choiseul Gouffier gives the mod-
srn namo as Sandarlik. --II. A city on the north-
western coast of Lemnos, and one of the principal
places in the island. It was situate on the side look-
ing towards Mount Athos, since Pliny reports (4,12)
that the shadow of the mountains was visible in the
brum of this city at the time of the summer solstice.
--Myrina alone offered resistance to Miltiades when
Jut general went against Lemnos. It was taken,
Bowcvcr, by his forces. (Herod. , 6, 140. -- Steph.
By:. , s. v. ifvpiva. ) The ruins of this town aro still
to 0c seen. On its site stands the modern Castro.
(Walpole's Collection, vol. 1, p. 54. )--III. A town of
Crete, north of Lyctua. (Pliny, 4, 12. ) It still re-
tains its ancient name. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol.
J, p. 393. )
MvRiM-s, a surname of Apollo, from Myrina in
,Eoha, where he was worshipped.
MvRMEcinKs, an artist of Miletus, mentioned as
malting chariots so small that they were covered by
the wing of a fly. He also inscribed an elegiac distich
on a grain of scsamum. (Cic, Acad, 4. -- Mlian,
V. H, 1, 17. -- Perizon, ad loc. -- SiUig, Diet. Art. ,
<<. >>. )
Mvrmioomes, a people on the southern borders of
Thessaly, who accompanied Achilles to the Trojan
war. They received their name, according to one
account, from Myrmidon, a eon of Jupiter and Eury-
medusa, who married one of the daughters of -Eolus,
and whose son Actor married ^Egina, the daughter
of the Aaopus. According to some, the Myrmidons
were so called from their having been originally ants,
uip)n)Ktc. (Vid. iEacus ) This change from ants
to men ia founded merely upon the equivocation of
their name, which resembles that of the ant (/lvp/tnf).
(Ovid, Met, 7, 6hi. --Strab. --Hygin. ,fab. , 52. )
Myron, a celebrated statuary and engraver on sil-
ver, who lived in Olymp. 87. Pausanias styles him
? ? an Athenian (6, 2, 1). The reason of this is satis-
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? MYHIA.
*t>>, whero the original race maintained itself under
ike name of Mcesi, by which they were known to the
Romans for seveiai centuries after the Christian era.
{Strab. , 303. --Artem. , ap. eund. , 671. ) Nor is that
opinion at variance with the tradition which looked
upon this people as of a kindred race with the Carians
and Lydians, since th-'se two nations-were likewise
supposed to have come from Thrace (Herod. , 1, 172. --
Strub. , 659); nor with another, which regarded them
in particular as descended from the Lydians. in whose
language the word mysos signified " a beech," which
tree, it was farther observed, abounded in the woods
ut the Mysiar. Olympus. Strabo, who has copied
these particulars from Xanthus the Lydian, and Me-
necrates of Elaja, states also, on their authority, that
the Myaian dialect was a mixture of those of Phrygia
and J. ydia. (Strai. , 572. )--We may collect from
Herodotus that the Mysiana were already a numerous
and powerful people before the Trojan war, since he
speaks of a vast expedition having been undertaken by-
them, in conjunction with the Teucri, into Europe, in
the course of which they subjugated the whole of Thrace
and Macedonia, as far as the Pcneus and the Ionian
Sea. (Herod. , 7, 20, 75. ) Subsequently, however,
to this period, the date of which is very rcinoto and
uncertain, it appears that the Mysi were confined in
Asia Minor within limits which correspond but lit-
tle with such extensive conquests. Strabo is inclined
to suppose that their primary scat in that country was
the district which surrounds Mount Olympus, whence
'ie thinks they were afterward driven by the Phrygians,
and forced to retire to the banks of the Caicus, where
the Arcadian Telephus became their king. (Eurip. ,
ap. Arislot. , Rket. , 3, 2--S/rai. . 572--riygin. ,/ao. ,
101 ) Bit it appears from Herodotus that they still
occup'fi :he Olympian district in the lime of Croesus,
whose subjects they had become, and whose aid they
requested to destroy the wild boar which ravaged their
country (t, 36). Strabo himself also recognises the
livision of this people into the Mysians of Mount Olym-
pus an4 those of the Caicus (571). These two dis-
tricts answer respectively to the Mysia Minor and Ma-
jor of Ptolemy. Homer enumerates the Mysi among
the allies of Priam in several pasaages, but he nowhere
defines their territory, or even names their towns; in
Dne place, indeed, he evidently assigns to them a sit-
uation among the Thracians of Europe. (//. , 13,5. )
--The Mysians of Asia had become subject to the
Lydian monarchs in the reign of Alyattes, father to
Croesus, and perhaps earlier, as appears from a pas-
sage of Nicolaus Damascenus, who reports that Cros-
sus had been appointed to the government of the ter-
ritory of Adrainytlium and the Theban plain during
the reign of his father. (Creuzer, Hist. Frag. , p.
203. ) Strabo even affirms that Troas was already
subjected in the reign of Gyges. (Strab , 590. ) On
the dissolution of the Lydian empire, they passed, to-
gether with the other nations of Asia, under the Per-
sian dominion, and formed part of the third satrapy in
tho division made by Darius. (Herod. , 3, 90. --Id. ,
7, 74. ) After the death of Alexander they were an-
nexed to the Syrian empire; but, on the defeat of An-
ticchus, the Romans rewarded the services of Eume-
r.
