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Critique of pure reason / translated from the German of Immanuel
Kant by J. M. D. Meiklejohn.
Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804. London : G. Bell, 1901.
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x002167098
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? ? ? ? BOHN'S PHILOSOPHICAL LIBRARY
KANT'S
OF PURE REASON
CRITIQUE
? ? ? ? GEORGE BELL & SONS
LONDON : YORK ST. , COVENT GARDEN NKW YORK : 66 FIFTH AVENUE, AND BOMBAY: 53 ESPLANADE ROAD CAMBRIDGE : DEIGHTON BELL & CO.
? ? ? CRITIQUE OF
PURE
TRANSLATED rROM THE GERMAN OF
I M MANUEL KANT
BY
J. M. D. MEIKLEJOHN
REASON
? LONDON
GEORGE BELL AND SONS
1901
? ? ? 160006
KACO DK VERULAMIO. IN8TAURATI0 M AONA-PR1EF. VTIO.
? )e NOBIS IPSIfl SILEMUS: DB KB AUTEM, QVX AGITUR, PETIMUII OT HOMINES EAM NON OPINION KM, sED OPUS E98B COGlTENr; AC PBO CBBTO HABBANT, NON SbCTX N08 ALICUJCs, AUT PLAC- ITI, 8XD UTILITATIS BT AMPLITUDINI8 HUMAN*: FUNDAMBKTA MOLIBI. DeINDE UT 8UIS C0MM0DI8 XQVl--IN COMMUNB CON- sULANT--XT IF8I IN PARTEM VENIANT. PbJETBBRA UT BENB 8PERBNT, NEQUE InsTAUBATIONBM NOSTBAM UT QUIDDAM INFI NITUM BT ULTBA MOBTALB FINGANT, ET ANIMO CONCIPIANT:
QUUM BBVBBA BIT INFINITI BBBOBIB FINIS BT TRBMINU8 LE- SITIltUS.
? ? ? ? CONTENTS.
Translator's Preface
Preface to the First Edition- of tub CniTians Prrfacb to the Second Edition
INTRODUCTION.
I. --Of thr Difference between Pure and Empirical Know ledge
II. --Thb Human Intellect, e\ in an cnfnilosophical statb. is dx possession of certain cognitions A PRIORI HI. --Philosophy stands in need of a Science which shall
Put* xi
! 2
. >> 7 9
12 16
? IV. -- Of V. -- In
thb Diffbrbncb cal Judgments
between
Analytical
and
Syntheti
DETERMINE THR POSSIBILITY. PRINCIPLES, AND EXTENT OF
Human Knowlbdob A PRIORI
all Theoretical
of Reason, Synthetical Judgments A PRIORI are contained as Principles . .
Sciences
VI. --Tub General Prorlem of Pure Reason
VII. --Idea and DrroioN of a Particular Science, under tub
Name of a Critique of Pure Heason
TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF ELEMENTS,
PART FIR8T. --TRANSCENDENTAL -ESTHETIC.
$ 1. Introductory 21
Sect. I. --Of Space.
Metaphysical Exposition of this Conception 23 Transcendental Exposition of the conception of Space 2-5
4. Conclusions from the foregoing Conceptions 25 Sect. II. --Of Timb.
5. Metaphysical Exposition of this Conception 28 6. Transcendenta. Exposition of the Conception of Time 29 " Conclusions from the above Conceptions 30 Elucidation 32
General Remarks on Transcendental . Esthetic 36
xii xx;>
? ? Ii
7. 12. 3.
? TI
CONTENT*.
PAST SECOND. --TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC. Introduction. --Idea of a Transcendental Loqio.
I. --Of Logic in general
tfi 49
II. --Of Transcendental III. -- Of the Division -- Dialectic
Logic
of General
Logic into
Analytio
and
60 scendental Analytic and Dialectic 63
IV. Of the Division of Transcendental Logic into Tran
TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC-- FIRST
Transcendental Analytic. ? 1 Analytic op Conceptions. ? 2
D1YI8ION.
? CHAP. I. --Of the Transcendental Cine to the DiacoTeiy of all Pore Conceptions cf the Understanding.
Introductory. 6 3 56 Sect. I. --Of the Logical use of the Understanding in gene
ral. ? 4 56 Sect. II. --Of the Logical Function of the Understanding in
Judgments. ? 6
Sect. III. --Of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding, or
Categories. ? 6
CHAP. II. --Of thb Deduction of thb Pure Conceptions op the Understanding.
Sect. I. -- Of the Principles of Transcendental Deduction in ge neral. ? 9
5*. 62
71
Transition to the Transcendental Deduction of the Catego
ries. ? 10 77
8bot II. --Transcendental Deduction op the Pure Con ceptions OF THE UnDERSTANDOU}.
Of the Possibility of a Conjunction of the manifold repre sentations given by Sense. 4 11 80 Of the Originally Synthetical Unity of Apperception. {12 81
The Principle of the Synthetical Ulity of Apperception is
the highest Principle of all exercise of the Understand
ing. ? 13 84
What Objective Unity of Self-consciousness is. 6 14 86 The Logical Form of all Judgments consists in the Objective Unity of Apperception of the Conceptions contained
therein. ? 16 86 All Sensuous Intuitions are subject to the Categories, as Conditions under which alone the manifold contents of
them can be united in one Consciousness. ? 16 88 Observations. ? 17 88 In Cognition, its Application to Objects of Experience is
the only legitimate use of the Category, f 18 90
64 66
? ? ? CONTESTS.
yjj
Of the Application of the Categories to Object! of the Senses hfi
in general. I 20
Transcendental Deduction of the universally possible em
ployment in experience of the Pure Conceptions of the
Understanding. $ 23 97 Besult of this Deduction -of the Conceptions of the Under
standing. (23
Short view of the above Deduction
TRANSCENDENTAL ANALYTIC-- BOOK 1L
Analytic or Principles
Introduction. -- Of the Transcendental Faculty of
ment in general
Judg
101 103
101 104
BS
? Transcendental. Doctrine of the Faculty of Judg ment, ob Analytic or Princifles.
CH AP. I. --Of the Schematism of the Pure Conceptions of the Un
derstanding 107
CHAP. IL--System of all Principles of the Pure Understanding. . . . US System or tub Principles or the Pure Understanding.
Sect. I. -- Of the Supreme Principle of all Analytical -- Judgments
115
Sect. II. Of the Supreme Principle of all Synthetical Judgments 117
Sect.
III. -- Systematic Representations of all Synthetical
-- Priiomles of the Pure Understanding 120
I.
II. --Anticipations of Perception III. -- Analogies of Experience
A. First Analogy. -- Principle
Axioms of Intuition
123 124 132
134
of Substance -- B. Second Analogy.
of Time -- C. Third Analogy.
Principle of the Succession
141
Principle of Co-existence . . 166 IV. --The Postulates of Empirical Thought 161
Refutation of Idealism
General Remark on the System of Principles 174
0HAP. III. --Of the Ground of the division of all objects into Phss- nomena and Noumena ITS
Appendix Of the Equivocal Nature or Amphiboly, the Conceptions of Reflection from the Confusion of
the Traiucendental with the Empirical use of
the Understanding 190
Remark on the Amphiboly of the Conceptions of Reflection 194
of
the
Permanence
166
? ? ? COITTENTS.
TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC-- SECOND DIVISION. Transcendent ax Dialectic. -- Introduction.
I.
)e NOBIS IPSIfl SILEMUS: DB KB AUTEM, QVX AGITUR, PETIMUII OT HOMINES EAM NON OPINION KM, sED OPUS E98B COGlTENr; AC PBO CBBTO HABBANT, NON SbCTX N08 ALICUJCs, AUT PLAC- ITI, 8XD UTILITATIS BT AMPLITUDINI8 HUMAN*: FUNDAMBKTA MOLIBI. DeINDE UT 8UIS C0MM0DI8 XQVl--IN COMMUNB CON- sULANT--XT IF8I IN PARTEM VENIANT. PbJETBBRA UT BENB 8PERBNT, NEQUE InsTAUBATIONBM NOSTBAM UT QUIDDAM INFI NITUM BT ULTBA MOBTALB FINGANT, ET ANIMO CONCIPIANT:
QUUM BBVBBA BIT INFINITI BBBOBIB FINIS BT TRBMINU8 LE- SITIltUS.
? ? ? ? CONTENTS.
Translator's Preface
Preface to the First Edition- of tub CniTians Prrfacb to the Second Edition
INTRODUCTION.
I. --Of thr Difference between Pure and Empirical Know ledge
II. --Thb Human Intellect, e\ in an cnfnilosophical statb. is dx possession of certain cognitions A PRIORI HI. --Philosophy stands in need of a Science which shall
Put* xi
! 2
. >> 7 9
12 16
? IV. -- Of V. -- In
thb Diffbrbncb cal Judgments
between
Analytical
and
Syntheti
DETERMINE THR POSSIBILITY. PRINCIPLES, AND EXTENT OF
Human Knowlbdob A PRIORI
all Theoretical
of Reason, Synthetical Judgments A PRIORI are contained as Principles . .
Sciences
VI. --Tub General Prorlem of Pure Reason
VII. --Idea and DrroioN of a Particular Science, under tub
Name of a Critique of Pure Heason
TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF ELEMENTS,
PART FIR8T. --TRANSCENDENTAL -ESTHETIC.
$ 1. Introductory 21
Sect. I. --Of Space.
Metaphysical Exposition of this Conception 23 Transcendental Exposition of the conception of Space 2-5
4. Conclusions from the foregoing Conceptions 25 Sect. II. --Of Timb.
5. Metaphysical Exposition of this Conception 28 6. Transcendenta. Exposition of the Conception of Time 29 " Conclusions from the above Conceptions 30 Elucidation 32
General Remarks on Transcendental . Esthetic 36
xii xx;>
? ? Ii
7. 12. 3.
? TI
CONTENT*.
PAST SECOND. --TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC. Introduction. --Idea of a Transcendental Loqio.
I. --Of Logic in general
tfi 49
II. --Of Transcendental III. -- Of the Division -- Dialectic
Logic
of General
Logic into
Analytio
and
60 scendental Analytic and Dialectic 63
IV. Of the Division of Transcendental Logic into Tran
TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC-- FIRST
Transcendental Analytic. ? 1 Analytic op Conceptions. ? 2
D1YI8ION.
? CHAP. I. --Of the Transcendental Cine to the DiacoTeiy of all Pore Conceptions cf the Understanding.
Introductory. 6 3 56 Sect. I. --Of the Logical use of the Understanding in gene
ral. ? 4 56 Sect. II. --Of the Logical Function of the Understanding in
Judgments. ? 6
Sect. III. --Of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding, or
Categories. ? 6
CHAP. II. --Of thb Deduction of thb Pure Conceptions op the Understanding.
Sect. I. -- Of the Principles of Transcendental Deduction in ge neral. ? 9
5*. 62
71
Transition to the Transcendental Deduction of the Catego
ries. ? 10 77
8bot II. --Transcendental Deduction op the Pure Con ceptions OF THE UnDERSTANDOU}.
Of the Possibility of a Conjunction of the manifold repre sentations given by Sense. 4 11 80 Of the Originally Synthetical Unity of Apperception. {12 81
The Principle of the Synthetical Ulity of Apperception is
the highest Principle of all exercise of the Understand
ing. ? 13 84
What Objective Unity of Self-consciousness is. 6 14 86 The Logical Form of all Judgments consists in the Objective Unity of Apperception of the Conceptions contained
therein. ? 16 86 All Sensuous Intuitions are subject to the Categories, as Conditions under which alone the manifold contents of
them can be united in one Consciousness. ? 16 88 Observations. ? 17 88 In Cognition, its Application to Objects of Experience is
the only legitimate use of the Category, f 18 90
64 66
? ? ? CONTESTS.
yjj
Of the Application of the Categories to Object! of the Senses hfi
in general. I 20
Transcendental Deduction of the universally possible em
ployment in experience of the Pure Conceptions of the
Understanding. $ 23 97 Besult of this Deduction -of the Conceptions of the Under
standing. (23
Short view of the above Deduction
TRANSCENDENTAL ANALYTIC-- BOOK 1L
Analytic or Principles
Introduction. -- Of the Transcendental Faculty of
ment in general
Judg
101 103
101 104
BS
? Transcendental. Doctrine of the Faculty of Judg ment, ob Analytic or Princifles.
CH AP. I. --Of the Schematism of the Pure Conceptions of the Un
derstanding 107
CHAP. IL--System of all Principles of the Pure Understanding. . . . US System or tub Principles or the Pure Understanding.
Sect. I. -- Of the Supreme Principle of all Analytical -- Judgments
115
Sect. II. Of the Supreme Principle of all Synthetical Judgments 117
Sect.
III. -- Systematic Representations of all Synthetical
-- Priiomles of the Pure Understanding 120
I.
II. --Anticipations of Perception III. -- Analogies of Experience
A. First Analogy. -- Principle
Axioms of Intuition
123 124 132
134
of Substance -- B. Second Analogy.
of Time -- C. Third Analogy.
Principle of the Succession
141
Principle of Co-existence . . 166 IV. --The Postulates of Empirical Thought 161
Refutation of Idealism
General Remark on the System of Principles 174
0HAP. III. --Of the Ground of the division of all objects into Phss- nomena and Noumena ITS
Appendix Of the Equivocal Nature or Amphiboly, the Conceptions of Reflection from the Confusion of
the Traiucendental with the Empirical use of
the Understanding 190
Remark on the Amphiboly of the Conceptions of Reflection 194
of
the
Permanence
166
? ? ? COITTENTS.
TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC-- SECOND DIVISION. Transcendent ax Dialectic. -- Introduction.
I. --Of Transcendental Illusory Appearance
If. -- Of Pure Reaaon as the Seat of Transcendental
pearance
A. Op Reason in General
B. Of the Logical Usb of Reason C. Of the Poeb Ube of Reason
209
212 214 21 S
219 221 225 23?
237 237
245
251 General Remark on the Transition from Rational Psy
TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC-- BOOK I.
Illuiory
Ap
? Or the Conceptions of Pure Reason Sect. J. --Of Ideas in General
Sect. II. -- Of Transcendental Ideas Sbct. III. -- System of Transcendental
Book II. -- Or the Dia'. ecticai, Reason
Idens Procedure
op
Pcee
CHAP I. -- Of the Pabalooisms op Pure Reason
Refutation of the Argument of Mendelssohn for the Sub
stantiality or Permanence of the Soul
Conclusion of the Solution of the Psychological Paralo
gism
chology to Cosmology
CITAP. II. -- Thb Antinomy of Pure Reason
Sect. I. -- System of Cosmological Ideas Sror. II. --Antithetic of Pure Reason
253
255
256
263
266
271
278
284
290
298 303
307 310
318 321
First Antinomy Second Antinomy
Third Antinomy! Fourth Antinomy
8ect. III. -- Of the Interest of dictions
Reason in
these
Sel'-Contra-
Sect. TV. -- Of the Necessity Imposed upon Pure Reason of presenting a Solution of its Transcendental
Problems
Sect. V. -- Sceptical Exposition of the Cosmological Problems -- presented in the four Transcendental Ideas . . . 8ect. VI. Transcendental Idealism as the Key to the Solution
-- of Pure Cosmological Dialectic
Sect VTT. Critical Solution of the Cosmoloficai Problems . . 8bct. VIII. -- Regulative Principle of Pure Reason in relation
to the Cosmolosical Ideas
8bot. IX. -- Of the Empirical Use of the R-;rulative Principle
of Reason, with regard to the Cosmoloeicol Ideas
? ? ? CONTENTS. 13
L-- Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Composition of Phenomena in the Universe 322
II. -- Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Division of a 'Whole given in Intuition
Causes 33(
Possibility of Freedom in Harmony with the Uni versal Law of Natural Necessity 333
Exposition of the Cosmological Idea of Freedom in Harmony with the universal Law of Natural
-- Necessity 335 IV. Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality
Concluding Remark on the Solution of the Transcen dental Mathematical Ideas -- and Introductory to the Solution of the Dynamical Ideas
325
328
III. -- Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Deduction of Cosmical Events from their
? of the Dependence of Phenomenal Existences . . . . 346
Concluding Reason
Sect. IV. Of the Impossibility of an Ontological Proof of the
-- Existence of God 364
CHAP, ITL-- The Ideal
Sect.