THE MUGHUL
EMPERORS
OF INDIA
1
A.
1
A.
Cambridge History of India - v4 - Mugul Period
1760 Ahmad Shah Abdali defeats Sindia at Barari Ghat and Holkar at Sikan-
darabad (pp. 416, 446).
Marathas invade Hyderabad (p. 390).
Battle of Udgir (pp. 390, 413).
Maratha army sets out for north (pp. 417, 446).
Shah Jahan III deposed and Javan Bakht nominally enthroned (p. 447).
1761 Battle of Panipat (pp. 420, 448).
'Ali Gauhar becomes emperor as Shah 'Alam II (p. 448).
Shuja'-ud-Daula appointed minister (p. 448).
Nizam 'Ali invades Maharashtra (p. 391).
Death of Balaji Peshwa (p. 425).
1762 Nizam 'Ali imprisons Salabat Jang and recognized by emperor
viceroy (p. 391).
as
## p. 615 (#655) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
615
BURMA
A. D.
1404 Narameikhla flies from Arakan to Bengal (p. 477).
1430 Narameikhla re-instated (p. 477).
1434 Narameikhla dies and 'Ali Khan succeeds (p. 477).
1459 'Ali Khan succeeded by Basawpyu (p. 477).
1531 Minbin (Zabauk Shah) succeeds (p. 477).
1541 Tabinshwehti annexes Pegu (p. 483).
1542 Tabinshwehti annexes Prome (p. 483).
1544 Tabinshwehti annexes upper Burma (p. 483),
1546 Tabinshwehti crowned king of all Burma and annexes Arakan (p. 483).
1547 Burmese expedition against Siam (p. 483).
1551 Tabinshwehti murdered and succeeded by Bayinnaung (p. 485).
1556 Expedition to Katha (p. 487).
1560 Envoys sent to Goa to recover Buddha tooth (p. 489).
1563 Invasion of Siam (p. 488).
1564 Rebellion in Burma (p. 492).
1568 Siege of Ayuthia (pp. 488, 489).
1576 Arrival of Buddha tooth in Burma (p. 489).
1581 Nandabayin succeeds Bayinnaung (p. 492).
1593 Minrazagyi (Salim Shah) succeeds in Arakan (p. 478).
1599 Arakanese and Siamese invade Pegu (p. 493).
1605 Anaukpetlun succeeds Nandabayin (p. 494).
1607 Anaukpetlun takes Prome (p. 494).
1610 Anaukpetlun takes Toungoo (p. 494).
1613 Anaukpetlun attacks De Brito in Syriam (p. 494).
1617 Minhkamaung (Husain Shah) expels Portuguese from Sandwip (p. 478).
1622 Thirithudamma succeeds Minhkamaung (p. 479).
1627 Dutch establish factory in Burma (p. 495).
1628 Last payment of tribute by Burma to China (p. 494).
Anaukpetlun murdered by Minredeippa (p. 495).
1629 Minredeippa executed and succeeded by Thalun (p. 496).
1638 Narapatigyi succeeds Thirithudamma (p. 480).
1647 British establish factory in Burma (p. 495).
1648 Pindale succeeds Thalun (p. 497).
1652 Sandathudamma becomes king of Arakan (p. 480).
1658 Yung-li, last Ming emperor of China, flies to Bhamo (p. 497).
1661 Shuja' executed in Arakan (p. 481).
Pindale drowned and succeeded by Pye (p. 499).
1662 Yung-li surrendered to viceroy of Yünnan (p. 499).
1666 Chittagong captured by Mughuls (p. 481).
1670 Massacre of Dutch at Mrohaung (p. 480).
1672 Narawara succeeds Pye (p. 499).
1673 Minrekyawdin succeeds Narawara (p. 499).
1677 Dutch withdraw from Burma (p. 495).
1680 Jatapon horoscopes compiled (p. 500).
1687 English unsuccessfully claim Mergui (p. 500).
1688 French build fort at Mergui (p. 500).
1
## p. 616 (#656) ############################################
616
CHRONOLOGY
A. D.
1692 English ship seized at Syriam (p. 501).
1698 Sane succeeds Minrekyawdin (p. 499).
1710 Sandawiziya becomes king of Arakan (p. 482).
1714 Taninganwe succeeds Sane (p. 499).
1721 Italian mission founded at Ava (p. 500).
1722 English factory established at Syriam (p. 501).
1724 Yazawwingyi chronicle compiled (p. 500).
Manipuri raids begin (p. 502).
1731 Sandawiziya murdered (p. 482).
1733 Mahadammayaza succeeds Taninganwe (p. 502).
1738 Manipuri raids extend to Ava (p. 502).
1740 Talaings set up Htaw Buddhaketi as king (p. 503).
1747 Htaw Buddhaketi replaced by Binnya Dala (p. 503).
1750 Manu Ring dhammathat compiled (p. 508).
1752 Talaings take Ava (p. 503).
Alaungpaya founds new dynasty (p. 504).
1753 Alaungpaya expels Talaings (p. 504).
English occupy Negrais (p. 505).
1754 Talaings execute captive king of Ava (p. 505).
1755 Alaungpaya annexes country as far as Rangoon (p. 505).
Expedition against Manipur (p. 509).
1756 Burmese capture Syriam (p. 506).
Alaungpaya advances on Pegu (p. 507).
1757 Negrais and site at Bassein ceded to English (p. 505).
1758 Alaungpaya enters Imphal (p. 509).
1759 Massacre of English at Negrais (p. 510).
1760 Alaungpaya takes Tenasserim and invades Siam (p. 510).
Death of Alaungpaya and Naungdawgyi succeeds (pp. 511, 512).
1763 Hsinbyushin succeeds Naungdawgyi (p. 512).
1764 Invasion of Siam (p. 513).
1765 Ava becomes capital (p. 512).
1767 Ayuthia stormed (p. 515).
1768 Paya Tak reoccupies Ayuthia and founds Bangkok (p. 520).
1769 Chinese invasion repelled (p. 517).
1770 Fresh expedition against Manipur (p. 518).
1773 Talaing rebellion (p. 519).
1776 Singu succeeds Hsinbyushin (p. 520).
1782 Singu killed and succeeded by Bodawpaya (p. 522).
Thamada becomes last king of Arakan (p. 482).
si
## p. 617 (#657) ############################################
DYNASTIES AND
GENEALOGICAL TABLES
## p. 618 (#658) ############################################
613
CHRONOLOGY
1.
THE MUGHUL EMPERORS OF INDIA
1
A. H.
932
937
(945
962
963
1014
1037
1037
1068
1068
1068
1118
1119
1119
1124
1124
1124
1131
1131
1131
(1132
1161
1167
1173
1173
(1202
1221
1253
Babur, Zahir-ud-din
Humayun, Nasir-ud-din
(Sher Shah, Sur]
Humayun (restored)
Akbar, Jalal-ud-din
Jahangir, Nur-ud-din
Dawar Bakhsh
Shah Jahan, Shihab-ud-din
Murad Bakhsh
Shah Shuja'
Aurangzib 'Alamgir, Muhiy-ud-din
A'zam Shah
Kam Bakhsh
Shah 'Alam Bahadur, Qutb-ud-din
'Azim-ush-Shan
Jahandar Shah, Mu'izz-ud-din
Farrukh-siyar, Muhiy-ud-din
Rafi-ud-Darajat
Shah Jahan II (Rafi'-ud-Daula)
Muhammad Shah, Nasir-ud-din
Ibrahim
Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Mujahid-ud-din
'Alamgir II, 'Aziz-ud-din
Shah Jahan III
Shah 'Alam II, Jalal-ud-din
Bidar Bakht
Muhamad Akbar II, Mu'in-ud-din
Bahadur Shah, II, Siraj-ud-din
A. D.
1526
1530
1538)
1555
1556
1605
1627
1628
1657
1657
1658
1707
1707
1707
1712
1712
1713
1719
1719
1719
1720)
1748
1751
1753
1759
1788)
1806
1837
1
1
## p. 619 (#659) ############################################
1. GENEALOGY OF THE MUGHUL EMPERORS OF INDIA 1
BABUR (1)2
1
'Askari
!
Hindal
Kamran
HUMAYUN (2)
1
AKBAR (3)
JAHANGIR (4)
Murad
Daniyal
Khusrav
Parviz
Shahryar
Khurram,
SHAH JAHAN I (5)
Dawar Bakhsh
I
Dara Shukoh
Shah Shuja'
AURANGZIB (6)
Murad Bakhsh
CHRONOLOGY
1
Mu'azzam,
A'zam Shah
Akbar
Kam Bakhsh
SHAH 'ALAM BAHADUR (7)
1
1
Bidar Bakht
Niku-Siyar
Muhiy-us-Sunnat
1
Muhiy-ud-din
JAHANDAR SHAH (8) 'Azim-ush-Shan
Rafi'-ush-Shan Jahan Shah Shah Jahan III
'ALAMGIR II (14) FARRUKH-SIYAR (9)
MUHAMMAD SHAH (12)
1
)
'Ali Gauhar,
AHMAD SHAH BAHADUR (13)
SHAH ‘ALAM II (15)
Bidar Bakht
AKBAR II (16)
1
BAHADUR SHAH (17) Muhammad Ibrahim Rafi'-ud-Daula, RAFI-UD-DARAJAT (10)
)
SHAH JAHAN II (11)
1 The names of pretenders or puppet kings are shown ir. italics.
2 For the Chaghatai and Turki ancestry of Babur see tables opposite pp. 49-50, Elias and Ross, History of the
Moghuls of Central Asia.
619
## p. 620 (#660) ############################################
620
CHRONOLOGY
2. THE
SUR
DYNASTY
A. H.
9451
952
9612
962
962
Sher Shah
Islam Shah
Muhammad Adil Shah
Ibrahim Shah
Sikandar Shah
A. D.
1538-9
1545
1554
1555
1555
1 See N. K. Bhattasali, "The date of Sher Shah's accession" in Islamic Cul-
ture, 1936, p. 127.
The histories (Elliot, iv, p. 505) give this date, but the latest date known
on coins of Islam Shah is 960, which is also found on coins of Muhammad 'Adil
Shah.
## p. 621 (#661) ############################################
2. GENEALOGY OF THE SUR
DYNASTY
Ibrahim Khan
Ghazi Khan
Son
Nizam Khan Sulaiman Khan Ahmad Khan
1
IBRAHIM
SHAH (4)
Farid Khan,
SHER SHAH(1)
SIKANDAR SHAH (5)
CHRONOLOGY
-
ilasan Khan
'Adil Khan
Jalal Khan,
ISLAM SHAH (2)
1
Mubariz Khan,
MUHAMMAD 'ADIL
SHAH (3)
Daughter
Islam Shah
Daughter
Ibrahim Shah
Daughter =
Sikandar Shah
Nambes of rulers are shown in capitals.
6. 21
## p. 622 (#662) ############################################
622
CHRONOLOGY
3. THE MARATHA DYNASTY
A. D.
1674
1680
Shivaji
Shambhuji
Raja Ram (regent)
Tara Bai
1689
1700
Shahu
1708
Ram Raja
1749
Shahu
1777
Pratap Singh
1810
## p. 623 (#663) ############################################
3. GENEALOGY OF THE MARATHAS
A. THE BHONSLES
Maloji Bhonsle
Shahji
Sambhaji
SHIVAJI (1) (b. 1627 (? ), d. 1680)
1
Vyankaji (Raja of Tanjore,
1676-83)
SHAMBHUJI (2) (Raja 1680-9) TARA BAI (4) = RAJA RAM (3) (Regent, 1689-1700) = Rajas Bai
(Regent 1700-8)
1
SHAHU (5) (Raja 1708-49) d. 1761)
Shambhuji (Raja of Kolhapur,
b. 1693, d. 1760)
Shivaji (b. 1691, d. 1723)
1
RAM RAJA (6) (b. 1723, d. 1777. Raja, 1749)
CHRONOLOGY
SHAHU (7) (titular Raja 1777-1810)
PRATAP SINGH (8) (restored to throne 1816: deposed 1839)
Shahji (Raja 1839-48)
B. THE SINDIAS
Ranoji, d. 1750
Jayappa (murdered at
Nagaur, 1759)
Dattaji (killed at Jyotba (killed at
Barari Ghat, 1760) Barari Ghat, 1760)
Tukoji (illegitimate: Mahadji (illegitimate)
killed at Panipat,
d. 1794
1761)
Jankoji (killed at Panipat, 1761)
623
## p. 624 (#664) ############################################
624
CHRONOLOGY
4.
THE PESHWAS
A. D.
Balaji Vishvanath
Baji Rao I
Balaji Baji Rao
Madho Rao I
Narayan Rao
Madho Rao II
Baji Rao II
1714
1720
1740
1761
1772
1774
1796
4. GENEALOGY
OF
THE PESHWAS
(1) BALAJI VISHVANATH
Peshwa, 1714-20
(2) BAJI RAO I, Peshwa, 1720-40
1
Chimaji Appa, the conqueror of Bassein, b. 1708, d. 1741
1
Sadashiv Rao (the Bhao Sahib), killed at Panipat, 1761
(3) BALAJI BAJI RAO, Peshwa, 1740-61 Raghunath Rao (Ragoba), b. 1734, d. 1784
1
(7) BAJI RAO' II, last Peshwa, 1796-1818
ishvas Rao, killed (4) MADHO RAO I, (5) NARAYAN RAO,
at Panipat, 1761 Peshwa 1761-72
Peshwa 1772-3
(6) MADHO RAO II, Peshwa, 1774-95
## p. 625 (#665) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
625
5. THE NAWABS OF OUDH
A. H.
1136
1152
1167
Sa'adat Khan
Safdar Jang
Shuja'-ud-Daula
A. D.
1724
1739
1754
5. GENEALOGY
OF
THE NAW ABS
OF OUD H1
Mir Muhammad Nasir
Daughter = Ja'far Beg Khan
Mir Muhammad Amin,
SA'ADAT KHAN,
Burhan-ul-Mulk (1)
1
Sadr-i-Jahan, or
Sadr-un-Nisa Begam
Mirza Muhammad Muqim,
Abu-'l-Mansur Khan,
SAFDAR JANG (2)
1
Jalal-ud-din Haidar,
SHUJA-UD-DAULA (3)
i See A. L. Srivastava, The First Two Nawabs of Oudh, Lucknow, 1930.
40
## p. 626 (#666) ############################################
626
CHRONOLOGY
6. THE NIZAMS OF HYDERABAD
A. H.
1137
1161
1164
1164
1175
1217
Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah
Nasir Jang
Muzaffar Jang
Salabat Jang
Nizam 'Ali
Sikandar Jah
A. D.
1724
1748
1750
1751
1762
1902
6. GENEALOGY OF THE NIZAMS OF HYDERABAD
Shihab-ud-din, Ghazi-ud-Din, Firuz Jang
1
Chin Qilich Khan, NIZAM-UL-MULK, Asaf Jah (1)
Mughul 'Ali
Ghazi-ud-Din, Mir Ahmad, SALABAT JANG (4) Daughter NIZAM ‘ALI (5) Basalat Jang
Firuz Jang NASIR JANG,
1
1 Nizam-ud-Daula (2) MUZAFFAR JANG (3) SIKANDAR JAH (6)
Shihab-ud-Din
'Imad-ul-Mulk,
Ghazi-ud-Din,
Firuz Jang
## p. 627 (#667) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
627
7.
THE TOUNGOO DYNASTY IN BURMA
A. D.
Bayinnaung
1551
Nandabayin
1581-99
(Petty rulers)
Anauk petlun
1605
Minredeippa
1628
Thalun
1629
Pindale
1648
Pye
1661
Narawara
1672
Minrekyaw din
1673
Sane
1698
Taninganwe
1714
Mahadammayaza-Dipati 1733-52
7. GENEALOGY OF THE TOUNGOO DYNASTY
Bayinnaung
Nandabayin
Son
Anaukpetlun
1
Minredeippa
Thalun
1
Pindale
Pye
Son
!
Narawara
1
Minrekyawdin
Sane
1
Taninganwe
Mahadammayaza-Dipati
## p. 627 (#668) ############################################
## p. 627 (#669) ############################################
INDIA AND TRANSOXIANA TO ILLUSTRATE THE CAMPAIGNS OF BABAR.
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## p. 628 (#670) ############################################
## p. 629 (#671) ############################################
INDEX
A‘azz-ud-din, prince, 438
'Abbasid Caliphate, 386
Abdal of Baltistan, 198-9
'Abdul-Aziz, Janid, 202, 204
'Abdul-Ghafur (merchant), 309
'Abdul-Ghafur, Shah, 351-2
'Abdul-Hamid Khan, 315
'Abdul-Karim Buhlul Khan (of Bija-
pur), becomes minister and dies,
255; his government, 274; routed by
Marathas, kills Khavass Khan, 275;
his negotiations with Golconda,
and death, 277
'Abdullah II (Shaibanid), 134, 136,
144
'Abdullah (Makhdum-ul-Mulk), 62,
114
'Abdullah, Mirza ('Ali Gauhar, q. v. ),
son of 'Alamgir II, 437
'Abdullah, Qazi, 288
'Abdullah Bhatari, see Afzal Khan,
257
'Abdullah Khan (Firuz Jang), defeats
Karan Singh of Mewar, 158; his
rash campaign in Deccan, 160; joins
Shah Jahan's rebellion, 171; fails in
Gujarat, besieges Allahabad, 172;
becomes recluse, 173; in Bundel-
khand and Baghelkhand, 201
'Abdullah Khan (of Kashghar), 229
'Abdullah Khan, Sayyid, 116
'Abdullah Khan Sayyid (Hasan 'Ali
of Barha, later Qutb-ul-Mulk),
supports Farrukh-siyar, 327; at bat-
tle of Samogarh, 328-9; becomes
minister and receives titles, 331;
abets malpractices over revenue,
337; forces interview with Farrukh-
siyar, 338; has Farrukh-siyar mur-
dered and sets up Rafi-ud-Darajat,
339, 395; 340; in growing disfavour,
342; to administer N. India, 344; de-
feated and taken prisoner at Bilo-
chpur, 345; poisoned, 348
'Abdullah Khan Uzbeg, 82, 83, 88, 91
'Abdullah Niyazi, 61, 62
'Abdullah Pani, 289
'Abdullah Qutb Shah (of Golconda),
succeeds, 196, 261; his character,
253; aids Bijapur, 254-5; insulted
by Shah Jahan, 266; confiscates
Mir Jumla's property, 269; his
treatment of Aurangzib, 270; his
death, 273
'Abdul-Latif, 76, 78, 82
'Abdul-Muhammad, 255, 274
'Abdul-Mumin (Shaibanid), 144
'Abdul-Qadir Badauni, see Badauni
'Abdul-Wahhab, 232
'Abdul-Wasi, 86
'Abdun-Nabi (commandant), 243
'Abdun-Nabi (Sadr-us-Sudur), ap-
pointed, 90; a leader of Sunni party,
114; opposes Makhdum-ul-Mulk,
120; dismissed from office, 121; signs
Infallibility Decree, but banished,
123; returns and strangled, 129
'Abdur-Rahim (or Mirza Khan), son
of Bairam Khan, becomes Khan
Khanan (q. v. ), 78
'Abdur-Rahman, 150
'Abdur-Rashid, see Qutb Khan
'Abdur-Rasul, 264, 265
'Abdur-Rauf, 284
'Abdur-Razzaq, 5
‘Abdur-Razzaq, Lari, 289
'Abdus-Samad Khan, 328, 331, 335
Abhay Singh (of Marwar), attends at
court, 333; succeeds Ajit Singh and
becomes viceroy of Gujarat, 352,
401; is dismissed, 355, 369; 368; kills
Pilaji Gaikwar, 402
Abu, Mount, 542
Abu Baqa, 18
Abu-'l-Fath, 85, 131, 135
Abu-'l-Fazl, accounts of Babur's in-
vasions, 10; 45; as adviser to Akbar,
76, 82; describes Akbar's buildings
at Agra, 89; 96 n. 1; excuses Akbar's
massacre at Chitor, 99; gives Ak-
## p. 630 (#672) ############################################
630
INDEX
Abu-'l-Fazl (continued)
Adil Shah, passim, the ruler of Bija-
bar's reasons for building Fathpur pur at the time; architecture, 570-4
Sikri, 103; describes Ahmadabad, 'Adil Shah Sur, succeeds, 64; suspects
104; attributes rebellion of 1580 to his nobles, 65; crushes rebellion at
branding rules, 110; first presenta- Ujjain, defeats Ibrahim Shah, 66;
tion and character, 111; his estimate killed in battle with king of Ben-
of Todar Mal, and of Akbar's reli- gal, 70, 73
gious ecstasy, 119; supports Akbar's Adina Beg Khan, misleads Shan
spiritual authority, 121; explains Nawaz Khan, 372; becomes gove:-
Akbar's hypocrisy, 124; his letter to nor of Punjab, but expelled, 438;
Philip II of Spain, 129; records conspires with Sikhs, yields to Ma-
Akbar's "Happy Sayings”, 131; on rathas and dies, 445
Bhagwan Das' death, 136; on Todar Adinapur, 5
Mal, 138; 142; his dislike of Salim 'Adli, 65
(Jahangir), marches to Deccan, 144; Admiral, of Maratha fleet, 393;
negotiates with Chand Sultan, 145; Sarkhel, 394; of Mughuls, 404
governor of Khandesh, 146; hated Adoni, 285, 290
by Salim, 147; makes peace with Aduminnyo, 477
Murtaza II, 148; murdered, 149; his Adventure, the, 310
appetite, 437
Afghanistan taken by Ahmad Shah
Abu-'l-Hasan, Khvaja, 186, 189
Abdali, 371
Abu-'l-Hasan Tana (or Qutb) Shah, Afghans, on N. W. frontier, 237-10;
253, 266, 174; aids Shivaji's designs quarrels in Bijapur, 276; subdued in
on Carnatic, 276; reconciles Mas'ud Bengal, 311; in Malwa, 313; resist
Khan and 'Abdul-Karim Khan, 277; Sikhs, 322; support Sunnis, 324;
resigns royal functions, 286; takes unimportant in first half of eigla-
refuge in Golconda, 287; final in- teenth century, 332; invade Persia,
terview with Aurangzib, imprisoned 349; expelled by Nadir Shah, 357;
at Daulatabad, 290
attempi to stop him at Jamrud, 336;
Abu-'l-Khair Khan, 3
Rohilla branch of settle in lodia,
Abu-'l-Ma'ali, 70, 85, 86
370; rebels in Bihar, 441, 442; Delhi
Abu-'l-Mansur Khan, Safdar dynasty's style of architecture, 525
Jang, 362
Afonso, 191, 192
Abu-'l-Talib (Kalim), 220
Afridis, 135, 238
abwab, 231
Afshar Turks, 357
Abyssinia, 229, 317; Abyssinians of Afzal Khan, 257; killed by Shivaji,
Janjira, 404
272; celebrated in ballads, 427
Acheik, 509
Agra, occupied by Humayun, 13; raid-
Acquaviva, 121, 130
see
ed by Tatar Khan, 23; adorned by
Acworth, H. A. , 427 n. 1
Sher Shah, 52; restored by Akbar,
Adam (Gakkhar), 61, 67, 86
89; Shah Jahan proclaimed at, 183;
Aden, Gulf of, 309
renamed Akbarabad, 205; Christian
Adham Khan, 75, 79, 80, 81, 83; his prisoners at, 217; rebuilt by Shah
tomb, 526, 532
Jahan, 220; Shivaji's visit to, 256;
Adi Granth, 245, 426
threatened by Jats, 305; besieged
‘Adilabad, 383
by 'Azim-ush-Shan capitulates to
'Adil Khan, term used by Mughuls Bahadur Shah, 319; Niku-siyar pro-
for kings of Bijapur, 266
claimed emperor at, 340; its early
'Adil Khan, appointed to Bayana, re- brick citadel, 523; Babur's mosque
bels but is defeated, 58; 59
at, 524; Humayun's mosque at, 525;
>
## p. 631 (#673) ############################################
INDEX
631
Agra (continued)
fort described, 535-7; Shah Jahan's
buildings at, 554
Agrarian system of Mughuls, 451
Ahadis, 316, 331 and n. 1
Ahang Khan, 145
Ahmad I of Turkey, 158
Ahmad, son of Abu Sa'id Khan, 3
Ahmad, son of Yunus Khan, 4
Ahmadabad, occupied by Humayun,
25; abandoned by 'Askari, 26; en-
tered by Akbar, 104; disliked by
Jahangir, 166; Dara Shukoh at,
226; Shuja'at Khan killed near, 351;
captured by Gaikwar, 411
Ahmad Barha, Sayyid, 106
Ahmad Beg, 85, 86
Ahmadi, 15
Ahmad Khan Bangash, succeeds Qaim
Jang, defeats Naval Rai and Safdar
Jang, 430; plunders Allahabad, 430;
attacked by Marathas, 431; submits
to Ghazi-ud-din, becomes Amir-ul-
Umara, 439; joins Ahmad Shah
Abdali, 446
Ahmad Khan Farankhudi, 82
Ahmad Khan (Sur), 45;
royal title as Sikandar Shah (q. v. ),
invades Bijapur, but combines ag-
ainst Mughuls, 188; threatened by
Shah Jahan, 189; loses Daulatabad,
193; becomes Mughul, 196; puppet
ruler of set up by Shahji, 194, 198
Ahmad Shah (emperor), as prince
appointed to Malwa, 368; commands
army against Ahmad Shah Abdali,
372; becomes emperor, 373; sum-
mons Nasir Jang to oppose Safdar
Jang, 386, 433; allows Safdar Jang
to invite Marathas to Duab, 415,
434; blinded, 415, 437; murdered,
416; his character, 428; proceeds
against Jats, 436; his deposition, 436
Ahmad Shah, Abdali, establishes
power in Herat and Afghanistan,
371; advances through Punjab, 372,
defeated near Sirhind and with.
draws, 373, 429; his third invasion,
415, 433; plunders Delhi and Mut-
tra, 416, 438, 439; returns against
Marathas, 416; at Anupshahr, 412;
crosses Jumna, 419, 445; at Panipat,
421, 422-4, 448; his final departure
from India, 426, 439, 448; levies
tribute from Jammu, 445; defeats
Holkar in Duab, 446; nominates
'Ali Gauhar as emperor Shah Alam
II, 448
Ahoms, fight Koch, 200; resist Mu-
ghuls, 233-6
Ahsan Khan, 321
Ain-i-Akbari, 465; describes Akbac's
fort at Agra, 537; on Fathpur Sikri,
539
Aitchison's treaties, 406 n. 2
Ajit Singh, Raja (of Marwar
assumes
66
Oil
Ahmadnagar (city), stormed by Mu-
Jodhpur), his infancy, 247; escapes
from Delhi, 248; becomes chief,
303; pardoned by Aurangzib, 304;
revolts against Bahadur Shah and
reconciled, 321-2; submits to Husain
'Ali, 333; friendly to Sayyid bro .
thers, 337, 338; viceroy of Gujarat
and Ajmer, 341; rebels, 346; but
submits, 347; Ajmer, transferred
from, 349
Ajit Singh, Sikh, 335
ghuls, 147; surrendered to Malik
‘Ambar, 159; recovered by Shah
Jahan, 165; besieged by Malik ‘Am-
bar, 173, 263; Mughul garrison at,
176; coins struck at, 189 n. 2; at-
tacked by Marathas, 282; Aurang-
zib dies at, 299; taken by Sadashiv
Rao, 390, 412, 413
Ahmadnagar (state), annexes Berar,
118; rebellion in, 137; Akbar's abor-
tive invasion of, 141; cedes Berar
to Akbar, 143; invaded by Akbar,
144, 145; dissensions in, 145; capital
of stormed, 147; peace with rem-
nant of made by Abu-'l-Fazl, 148;
area of restored by Bijapur, 165;
pays tribute to Mughuls, 169; re-
ceives Khan Jahan, alienates Mara-
thas, 186; invaded by Mughuls, 187;
## p. 632 (#674) ############################################
632
INDEX
Ajmer, 54; Akbar's first visit to, 81;
his pilgrimage to, after Jahangir's
birth, and improvements at, 102;
province of restored to order, 333;
governed by Ajit Singh, 347
Ajodhya, 27, 524 n. 1
Ajudhan, 53, 102
Akbar, 9; birth, 30; abandoned to his
uncles, 40; exposed to fire at Kabul,
41; with army against Sikandar
Shah, 67; declared victor, appointed
to govern Punjab, 68; succeeds
. . Humayun, 69; his youthful chara-
cter, and enemies, 70; opposed by
Himu, 71; defeats him at Panipat,
72; recovers Delhi, marries a cou-
sin, 73; factions at his court and
foster-relatives, 74; education at
Agra, 75; inability to read and
write, 76; his breach with Bairam
Khan, 77; marries Salima Begam,
78; kills tigress with sword, his
mastery of elephants, 80; his first
pilgrimage to Ajmer and marriage
to Bihari Mal's daughter, 81; early
religious toleration, 82; personal
bravery near Sakit, and at murder
of Atga Khan, 83; stands forth as
ruler, 84; settles Gakkhar disputes,
abolishes pilgrim-tax, intrigues with
women, 86; escapes assassination,
abolishes jizya, becomes free from
family influence, 87; settles affairs
in Malwa, builds fort etc. at Agra,
89; his troubles with Uzbegs, 91, 92;
defeats but pardons Uzbegs, 93;
proceeds against Muhammad Ha-
kim, 94; his delight in sport and
contests, 95, 103; crushes Uzbegs,
96; marches against Rana, 97;
storms Chitor, 98; orders massacre,
99; disperses "foster-father cohort",
100; gains Ranthambhor, 101; his
family, marriage to princess of Bi-
kaner, 102; deals with Kangra, 103;
annexes Gujarat, 104; scatters the
Mirzas, 105; settles Gujarat, 106;
religious misgivings, 107; his rapid
march to Gujarat, 108; his reformis
of army, land revenue and admi-
nistration, 109, 375; receives Abu-'l-
Fazl and Badauni, 111; builds "Hall
of Worship”, 113; attacks Mewar,
115; meditates pilgrimage to Mecca,
117; and conquest of Deccan, 118;
his religious ecstasy and ban on
hunting, 119; his mysticism, charity,
and loss of faith in Islam, 120; in-
vites Jesuit mission, and recites
khutba, 121; his Infallibility Decree,
122; persecutes Islam, 123; inter-
feres in Kashmir polity, his inte-
rest in Christianity, 124; rebellions
due to vagaries, 125; marches aga-
inst Muhammad Hakim, 127; orders
attack on Portuguese, 128; staris
"Divine Faith", 129-31; his quest of
"Divine Language", 132; adminis-
trative reforms, 133; introduces
"Divine Era", schemes for conquest
of Deccan, Transoxiana, and Kash-
mir, 134; receives Englishmen, 135;
annexes Kashmir, 136; and Sind,
137; visits Kashmir, 138; dallies
with Christianity, sends envoys to
Deccan courts, 139; designs on
Deccan, obtains Qandahar, 141;
makes final plans against Deccan,
142, 144; arrives at Burhanpur,
146; settles Deccan, 148; his trou-
bles with Salim, 149; reconciled to
Salim, 150; illness, 152; death and
character, 153-5; his tomb, 179,
549-51; his tomb desecrated by Jats,
305; his land revenue system, 458-
63
Akbar (son of Aurangzib), sent
against Marwar, 248; and Mewa:,
249; sets up as emperor, 250; deser-
ted by Rajputs and flees, 251-2;
received by Shambhuji, 280-1;
fails and escapes to Persia, 282-4;
alleged son of, 338; his son
Niku-siyar, 340
Akbar II, 448
Akbar, a bogus prince at Patna, 305
Akbarabad, name given by Shah
Jahan to Agra (q. v. ), 90, 205
Akkanna, 274 n. 1, 286, 287
Akluj, 256
an
## p. 633 (#675) ############################################
INDEX
633
as
Ak Mahall, 116
Akmal Khan, 238, 240
'Ala'i, religious teacher, 61; defies
authority, 62, flogged to death, 63
alakh niranjan, 244
‘Alamgir, imperial title of Aurangzib,
215; as zinda pir, 244, 318
‘Alamgir II, succeeds emperor,
415, 437; complains of Ghazi-ud-
din's treatment, 439; favours Najib-
ud-Daula and murdered, 444
'Alamgirnagar, 479
'Alam Khan, 113
'Alam Khan (Lodi), 9, 10, 11, 12
'Alam Khan (of Kalpi), 15
'Ala-ud-Daula, title of Sarfaraz Khan
(q. v. ), 364
'Ala-ud-din Khalji, 98, 130, 375
‘Ala-ud-din (Lodi), 9, 22, 23
'Ala-ud-din (Sayyid), 9
Alaungpaya, king of Burma, 486; birth
and expulsion of Talaings, 504-5; his
relations with English, 505; expels
French from Syriam, 506; attacks
Talaings, 507; finally crushes them,
508, 518; devastates Manipur, 509;
orders massacre of English at Ne-
grais, invades Siam, 510; fails to
take Ayuthia and dies, 511; his
grave, 512; his wishes for succes-
sion, 522
Alaungpaya Ayedawpon, 514 n. 1
Alaungsithu, 489
'Ali 'Adil Shah I (of Bijapur), tomb
of, 573
'Ali `Adil Shah II (of Bijapur), 209,
253, 254, 255; his death, 259, 274;
270; his rights denied by Aurang-
zib, 271; attacks Shivaji, 272; agrees
to give him chauth, later commuted
to fixed payment, 273
'Ali Asaf Khan (of Barha), 115
'Ali Beg, Mirza, 143
'Ali Gauhar (Mirza 'Abdullah), son
of 'Alamgir II, 437; opposes Ghazi-
ud-din, 439; escapes to Najib-ud-
Daula and to Oudh, 440; his aims
on Bihar, 443-4; nominated as em-
peror, Shah Alam II, 448
'Ali Khan, king of Arakan, 447
‘Ali Khan, Raja (of Khandesh), does
homage to Akbar, 106; succeeds
and submits to Akbar, 117; his
sympathy with Ahmadnagar, 118;
aids Burhan-ud-din, 138; receives
Faizi, 139; killed in battle, 143;
his Jami' Masjid at Burhanpur, 575
'Alim 'Ali Khan, nephew and deputy
of Husain 'Ali, 341; defeated and
killed, 343, 344, 378, 399
'Ali Mardan Khan (Persian), surren-
ders Qandahar, becomes governor
of Kashmir, 199; constructs canals,
201; his daughter Sahibji, 240; his
tomb, 561
'Ali Mardan Khan (Mir Husaini),
292, 314
'Ali Masjid, 238, 239
'Ali Mohan, 381
'Ali Muhammad Khan (of Rohil-
khand), his early history, 369; ob-
tains title of Nawab and aims at
independence, but imprisoned, 370;
regains authority but dies, 429
'Ali Murad, Khan Jahan, Amir-ul-
Umara, 326
'Ali Naqi, 211, 228
'Ali Quli (Persian), see Sher Afgan,
160
‘Ali Quli Khan Shaibani, 68, 71, 72;
becomes Khan Zaman (q. v. ), 73
‘Ali Shah (of Kashmir), 120, 124
'Ali Vardi Khan, governor of Bihar,
intrigues to become viceroy of
Bengal, 364; defeats Sarfaraz Khan,
365; occupies Orissa, 366-7; expels
Bhaskar Pant, 368; kills Bhaskar
Pant, but forced to give Orissa to
Marathas, 408, 441; suppresses
Afghan rebels in Bihar, 442; cedes
Orissa and dies, 443
Aliwal Khan, 526, 528
Allahabad, fort built by Akbar, 134,
538; Salim rebels at, 147; strikes
coins at, 149; his behaviour at, 150;
besieged by 'Abdullah Khan Firuz
Jang, 172; by Sayyid brothers, 341;
city burnt by Ahmad Khan, 430;
'Ali Gauhar at, 441
## p. 634 (#676) ############################################
634
INDEX
.
Allahu Akbar, 122, 131; numerical
value, 180
altamgha, 466-7
Alves, captain, 512
Alwar, 17
Amalaka, 534
Amalguzar, 461
Amar Siingh, Maharana of Mewar,
resists Bahadur Shah, 321
Amar Singh, Rana of Mewar, 158
Amar Singh (Tonwar), 538
Amatya, 291
Amba Bhavani, 427
Ambaghat pass, 298
Ambala, 12, 59, 359
'Ambar Kot, 193
Amber, recovered by Rajputs, 321;
palaces at, 548; see also Jay Singh,
Raja
‘amil, 461
amin, 56
Amir Beg, 422 and n. 2
Amir Khan, viceroy of Kabul, 239-40
Amir Khan, see 'Umdat-ul-Mulk
Amir-ul-Mamalik, title of Salabat
Jang, 387
Amir-ul-Umara, conferred 'Ali
Murad, 326; on Husain 'Ali, 337;
title coveted by Burhan-ul-Mulk
and obtained by Nizam-ul-Mulk,
360; conferred on Sadat Khan Zu-
’l-Fiqar Jang, 428; cancelled and
given to Ghazi-ud-din
of
Nizam, 433; to Ghazi-ud-din (Shi-
hab-ud-din), 435; to Najib Khan
by Ahmad Shah Abdali, 435, 439,
448; to Ahmad Khan Bangash, 439
Amrit Rao Nimbalkar, 294
Amritsar, 245
Anan, 510
Anandpur, 245, 246
Anaukpetlun, king of Burma, 479;
succeeds and attacks Syriam, 494;
takes Syriam, murdered, 495
Anawrahta, 489
Andaw, 478
Anderson, 499 n. 4, 500 n. 3
Andhi, 15
Andhyari Bari, 90
Angria, see Kanhoji Angria, 393,
396, 404
Anguri Bagh, 554
Ani Ray, 164
Anis-ud-din Mihtar Khan, 101
Ankola, 275, 279
Annaji Datto, 281
Annesley, 310
Antaji Mankeshwar, 417, 425
Antri, 149
Anurudh Singh Hara (of Bundi), 303,
306
Anvar-ud-din, made Nawab of Arcot,
384; killed, 387
Aonla, 431
Aqa Khusrav, 255, 285
‘Aqil Husain Mirza, 94
Arab, mercenaries, 426; culture in
Sind, 569
araba, 12, 17
Arab Sarai, 531
Arakan, Shah Shuja' in, 226; piraies
of, 236-7; history of, 476-82; Aia-
kanese take Syriam and Pegu, 493
Aram Banu Begam, 102
Arangaon, 387
Araru Singh, 355
Aravalli range, 249
Architecture, chap.
passiin;
Babur on Indian, 523-4; Byzantine,
524; Sayyid and Afghan, 525-6, 532;
of Surs, 526-9; of Tughluqs and
Khaljis, 528-9; Mughul style based
on Timurid, 532, 534; Rajput style,
535; of Hindu temples, 547; Bija-
pur style, 547; secular Hindu style,
548; Persian style, 552; change
under Shah Jahan, 553-4; Assyrian
and Achaemenid influence, 556; in
marble and brick, 559; at Lahore,
559-61; decline under Aurangzib,
566; in Sind, 568-9; of 'Adil Shahs,
570-4; Ottoman influence at Bija-
pur, 572; of Khandesh, 575-6
Arcot, 256, 291, 293; taken by Nizar. ,
368, 381; by Muzaffar Jang ang
Chanda Sahib, 387
Arcot (ship), 505
Arjan Singh, Guru, 157, 244-5
Arjumand Banu, see Mumtaz Mahall,
163
on
XVIII
son
## p. 635 (#677) ############################################
635
1
INDEX
Armeniaiis, 510
Army, Sher Shah's 56; Islam Shah's
reorganisation, 63-4; Akbar's bran-
ding rules, 109; his mansabdars
(officers), unpopularity of brand-
ing rules, 110; revolts in Bihar and
Bengal, 125; administration of, 133;
unrest in Akbar's in Deccan, 144,
145; reorganised by Shah Jahan,
203 n. 1, 218; mercenary under
Mughuls, 241; classification and
number of Aurangzib's, 316; size
and discontent of Baji Rao's, 355,
disciplne in Nadir Shah's, 362 and
n. 2; decay of Mughul power due to
demoralisation of, 374-6; equip-
ment of Nizam's, 380; French arti-
llery in Peshwa's, 390, 417; mutiny
in Mughul; 415; numbers at Pani-
pat, 419 n. 2; Bayinnaung's, 486 n. 2
Arni, 279
Artillery, used by Babur, 12, 17, 18,
19; by Gujarat against Chitor, 23;
by Humayun at Chunar, 29; at
battle near Kanauj, 34-5; of Himu
captured, 72; used by Mughuls
against Rajputs, 249; at siege of
Golconda, 288; drilled by French,
390; at Bassein, 406; at Udgir, 413;
at Panipat, 420; French captured
by Alaungpaya, 506-7, 516; Sia-
mese, 515
Arwal, 441
Asad Khan, vazir of Aurangzib at
siege of Gingee, 292; bribes Raja
Ram and retires, 293; his personal
friendship with Aurangzib, 302;
supports A'zam, 319; becomes mi-
nister of Bahadur Shah, 325; im-
prisons Jahandar Shah, 329-30; de-
prived of office by Farrukh-siyar
and dies, 330-1
Asaf Jah, title of Nizam-ul-Mulk
(q. v. ), 350; desires peace with Ma-
rathas, 378; compounds for chauth,
379; supports Shambhuji, 380, 400;
makes peace at Shevgaon, 381; his
methods of administration, 382, 385;
his death, poetry and buildings,
384-5, 428; his character, 385
Asaf Khan, sent against Afghans, 81;
reduces Bhath, 87; subdues Gonds,
88; sent against Uzbegs, 91; returns
to Chauragarh, 92; driven from
Gondwana and joins Uzbegs, 93;
forgiven by Akbar, 94; in command
against Uzbegs, 96; made governo!
of Mewar, 99; tutor to Parviz in
new attack on Mewar, 158; also in
Deccan, 159; Roe's views on, 163-4;
abandons cause of Shah Jahan,
171; his enmity with Mahabat
Khan, 174; flies to Attock, 175; a
hostage with Mahabat Khan, 176;
proclaims Dawar Bakhsh, but sup-
ports Shah Jahan, 183; 185; invades
Bijapur, 189, 197; fails and returns
to court, 190; made Khan Khanan,
194; his death, 201-2; a picture of,
219 n. 1; his fortune, 450; makes
Nishat Bagh, 549
Asaf-ud-Daula, title of Salabat Jang,
387
Asar-i-sharif, 286
Ashraf Khan, 91, 93
Ashtapradhan, 394
Asir, Asirgarh, besieged by Khan
A'zam, 146; taken, 147; yields to
Shah Jahan, 172; surrendered by
him, 174; obtained by Nizam-ul-
Mulk, 343; by Salabat Jang, 389;
by Marathas, 413
Askaran (of Marwar), 247
Askaran, Rawal, 117
'Askari, governor of Qandahar, 23;
defeats Tatar Khan, 23; viceroy of
Gujarat, 25; defeated by Bahadur
Shah, 26; rebels but forgiven by
Humayun, 27; joins Humayun in
Bihar, 31; escapes with Humayun
from Chausa to Agra, 33; 35; goes
to Kabul, 36; governor of Qandahar
and expelled by Humayun, 40;
rebels with Kamran but captured
and exiled to Mecca, 42
Asoka, 556
Assam, races in, Mughul incursions
in, 200; Aurangzib's early
quests in, 230, 233-5
con-
## p. 636 (#678) ############################################
636
INDEX
Assaye, 426
Assessment, general, 455; under Sher
Shah, 457; under Akbar, 458-61;
under Jahangir, 466; under Shah
Jahan, 467; in Deccan, 468; raised
by Aurangzib, 469; by villages,
to retake it, 206; interferes in Gol-
conda, 207, 269-70; his operations
against Bijapur stopped by Shah
Jahan, 209; thwarted by Dara, 210;
intrigues with his brothers, 211;
rebels and defeats imperial army
near Dharmat, 212; and at Samo-
garh, 213; confines Shah Jahan in
Agra fort, 214; imprisons Murad
and assumes imperial title, 215, 222;
his problems at succession, 222;
pursues Dara, 223; defeats Dara at
Deorai, 227; master of Mughul
India, celebrates second coronation,
228; his foreign relations and minor
conquests, 229; forbids heretical
practices, 230; his social and fiscal
reforms, 231; his orthodoxy and
treatment of Shah Jahan, 232-3;
his treatment of Afghans, 237-8;
crushes them, 239; his attitude to
non-Muslims, 240-2; persecute3
Sikhs, 245; subdues Marwar, 247-
8; his throne declared forfeit, 250,
his first viceroyalty of Deccan, 267;
his views on Shivaji, 279; moves
to Deccan, 281; attacks Marathas,
282; paramount in both north
India and Deccan, 284; crushes
Bijapur, 285-6, and Golconda, 287-
90; underrates Maratha danger, 290;
his barren conquest of forts, 296;
takes Satara and Parli, 297; Khelna
(Vishalgarh), Sinhgarh etc. , 298;
his last illness and death, 299; his
letters to his sons and last sorrows,
302; alarmed by Jat menace, 305;
orders stoppage of English trade but
makes peace, 308; his provinces and
empire, 315-16; his revenue and
army, 316; his character, scholar-
ship, private life, robustness and
narrow ideals, 317-18; effects of his
bigotry, 374; his land revenue sys-
tem, 468-72; 480; his buildings,
566-8
Ausa, 196; Marathas defeat Nizam at,
470, 471-2
Assignments, in Islam Shah's reigia,
63-4; converted to crown land, 109,
461; demand from in time of Au-
rangzib, 316; made for support of
army, 375; preferred by Balaji,
Peshwa, 396; system of described,
455; in force under Lodis, 456; un-
der Sher Shah, 458; valued under
Akbar, 461; their management
under Jahangir, 466; under Shah
Jahan, 467; under Aurangzib and
later decline, 472; unpopular in
Bengal, 473
Astrologer's seat, 543
'Ata Khan, 421
'Ata-ullah, 567
Atga Khail, 75
Atga Khan (Shams-ud-din Khan),
attacks Afghans, 68; foster-father
of Akbar, 73; intrigues against
Bairam Khan, 75, 77, 78; appointed
minister, 81; murdered, 83, 100; his
tomb, 535
Athaide, Dom Luis de, 121
Athar Mahall, 574
Athni, 256
Attock, founded by Akbar, 127;
Nadir Shah crosses Indus at, 358;
416
Aungbinle, 499
Aurangabad, 241; formerly called
Khirki, 262; attacked by Baji Rao,
381; Nasir Jang in rebe
ion near,
383; Ghazi-ud-din poisoned at,
388
Aurangabadi Mahall, 290
Aurangzib, born, 166-7; sent to couri,
174; defeats Jujhar Singh in Bun-
delkhand, 195; married, 198; sub-
dues Baglan, 200; successful in
Balkh but retires to Kabul, 204;
fails to relieve Qandahar, 205; or
390, 413
Austin of Bordeaux, 180
## p. 637 (#679) ############################################
INDEX
637
Ava, 482; annexed by Bayinnaung,
486; captive prince of, 488; vassal
king of, 90; influential prince of,
494; becomes capital, 496; besieged
by Chinese, 497; new palace at, 499;
Catholic mission at, 500; attacked
by Manipuris, 502; taken by Tala-
ings, 503; restored by Hsinbyushin,
512-13
Ayuthia, sacked, 483 n. 4; besieged by
Tabinshwehti, 484; white elephants
at, 487-8; twice taken by Bayin-
naung, 448-9; resists Nandabayin;
and Alaungpaya, 511; besieged by
Thihapate and Mahanawrahta, 514;
taken and destroyed, 515, 518
Azad Bilgrami on European troops,
387
A'zam (son of Aurangzib), invades
Mewar, 249; negotiates peace, 252;
proposed marriage of with Shahr
Banu, 255, 275, 277; sent to Deccan,
281; in north Bijapur, 282, 284; 287;
presents Abu-'l-Hasan to Aurang-
zib, 289; at Pedgaon, 295; aims at
succession, 301; appointed to Mal-
wa but returns to Ahmadnagar,
302, 319; his war against Ajit Singh,
303; 315; claims succession to Au--
rangzib, 319; marches north and
killed at battle of Jajau, 320; his
contempt for Bahadur Shah, 324
A'zam Khan (Muhammad Baqar),
attacks Khan Jahan, 186, and Ah-
madnagar, 187; his successes, 188;
his losses, 189, 194
'Azim-ullah Khan, appointed to
Malwa, 365; leaves his post and
dies, 366
'Azim-ush-Shan, recalled from Patna,
301; his trade exactions, 307; be-
comes viceroy of Bengal, 312; be-
sieges Agra, 319; at battle of Jajau,
320; fights to succeed Bahadur
Shah, and dies, 325; as viceroy of
Bengal, 364
'Aziz Jang, Nawab, 369 n. 1
'Aziz Kuka becomes Khan 'Azam
(q. v. ), 74, 100
'Aziz-ud-din becomes emperor
‘Alamgir II (q. v. ), 436
'Azz-ud-din, 326; flies from Khajuha,
327; blinded, 332
Baba Piara ford, 315, 381
Babur; birth and early career, 2; in-
herits Farghana, captures Samac-
qand, surrenders it to Shaibani
Khan, hides in Tashkent, 4; cap-
tures Kabul, raids India west of
Indus, marches to Herat, 5; defeats
Arghuns and again raids India and
assumes title of emperor, 6; takes
Bukhara and Samarqand, but is ex-
pelled, 7; renounces hopes of re-
covering them, 8; his invasions of
Hindustan, captures Bajaur, Kohat,
Tarbila, 10; takes Lahore and Di-
palpur, but returns to aid Ismail
Shah, 11; advances to Ambala and
Panipat, 12; wins battle of Panipat
and enters Delhi, 13; becomes Em-
peror of Hindustan, description of
India in his Memoirs, 14; his initial
difficulties, 15; escapes death by
poison, at war with Rana Sanga, 16;
religious qualms, victory at Kha-
nua, takes Chanderi and Lucknow,
victory in battle of the Gogra, 17;
gains Bihar, illness and death, his
Memoirs, 18, 20; way of life and
character, 19; poems, 20; dying in-
junctions, 21; 46, 47; 347; on Indian
architecture, 523-4; mosques built
by, 524 and n. 1
Backergunge, 236
Badakhshan, its area, 4; held by Ba-
bur, 8; Humayun levies forces in,
12, 143; Humayun returns to, 17:
but leaves, 18; 36; ruled by Sulai-
man, 41; attacked by Kamran, 42;
Akbar plans conquest of, 134; taken
by 'Abdullah II, 144; by Murad
Bakhsh, 203
Badam-chasma, 5
Ladan Singh Jat, 348
Badaun (or Farari) Ghat, 419
Badauni, ori Sher Shah, 57; on Bairam
Khan, and atrocities in Malwa, 79,
80; does r:oi condemn aboliticn of
9
as
## p. 638 (#680) ############################################
638
INDEX
Badauni (continued)
jizya, 87; 96 n. 1; on surrender of
Ranthambhor, 101; first presenta-
tion to Akbar, 111; blames Makh-
dum-ul-Mulk, 114; 115; on Akbar's
order to stop hunting, 119; descri-
bes Akbar's recitation of khutba,
122; on Infallibility Decree, 123;
resents translatiton of Mahabharata,
133; on Todal Mal and Bhagwan
Das, 138; on Fazi, 142
Badin, 223
Padshahi gate, 544
Baghels of Rewah, Baghelkhand, 55
n. 2, 87; invaded by Baji Rao, 353
Baghpat, 419, 447
Baglan, 106, 146; subdued by Mu-
ghuls, 200, 268; raided by Shivaji,
259; bars Marathas from Gujarat,
379; ceded to Marathas, 388; Khan-
de Rao collects dues in, 398
Bagor, 103
Bagpur, 345
Bahadur, brother of Khan Zaman, 31
Pahadurgarh (Deccan), 284
Bahadur Khan (son of Darya Khan),
191
Bahadur Khan (Malik Husain), 223,
227, 253, 255, 259; becomes Khan
Jahan, 259 n. 1; makes terms with
Shivaji and Bijapur, 275, 276;
recalled from Deccan, 277; again
sent there, 278; see also Khan
Jahan (Malik Husain)
Bahadur Khan Shaibani (or Uzbeg),
attacks Malwa, 77; rebels against
Akbar, 91-6
Bahadur Nizam Shah (of Ahmad-
nagar), 145, 147
Bahadurpur, 222
Bahadur Shah I (of Delhi), aided by
Sikhs, 246
Bahadur Shah (of Bengal), 73
Bahadur Shah Faruqi (of Khandesh),
143, 146, 147, 148, 154
Bahadur Shah (of Gujarat), 21; war
with Chitor and disputes with
Humayun, 22; takes Chitor, but
defeated by Humayun flies to
Mandu, 23; escapes to Diu, 24;
organises recovery of Gujarat, 25;
expels 'Askari, 26; recovers Guja-
rat, 27; death, 28
Bahadur Shah (Mu'azzam, Shah
‘Alam, of Delhi), succeeds Aurang-
zib, but opposed, 319; defeats A'zam
at Jajau, 320; moves south against
Kam Bakhsh and returns to Raj-
putana, 321; reduces Sikh rebels,
323; his death and character, 324;
displeased with Barha Sayyids, 327;
restores Shahu, 392
Bahadur Shah II (of Delhi), 448
Bahbal Khan, 73
Bahiro Pant Pingle, Peshwa, 393
Bahmanis, 9
Bahraich, 51
Bahwa Lohani, 62
Bairam Baharji, Rathor, 268
Bairam Khan, 20; joins Humayun, 39;
40; appointed Khan Khanan, 42;
defeats Afghan army, 67; becomes
Akbar's tutor, 68; aims at recovery
of Delhi, 71; at battle of Panipat,
72; with Akbar against Sikandar
Sur, marries Akbar's cousin, 73; his
court faction, 74; his enemies, his
education of Akbar, 75; his offences,
76; dismissed from service, 77;
defeated in battle, sets out for
Mecca and murdered, his character,
78; his difficulties in administration,
461
Bais Rajputs, 172
Baisunqur, 4
Baitalwadi, 145
Baizapur, 380, 381
Bajaur, 10, 134, 135, 238, 239
Bajhaura, 10, 134, 135, 238, 239
Bajhaura, 113
Baji Chavan Daphle, 297
Baji Rao Peshwa, invades Baghel-
khand and Bundelkhand, his rela-
tions with Nizam-ul-Mulk, 353,
379, 400; becomes practically gov-
ernor of Malwa, 354, 402; his claims
Muhammad Shah, 355; raids
near Delhi, receives government of
Malwa and subvention, 356, 357,
403; dies, 365, 383, 406; invades
>
on
## p. 639 (#681) ############################################
INDEX
639
9
Baji Rao Peshwa (continued)
Nizam's country, 380, 400; makes
peace at Shevgaon, 381, 400; suc-
ceeds as Peshwa, 396; his ambitions,
397; invades Gujarat, 401-2; be-
comes supreme, 402; directs attack
. on Bassein, 405; his character, 407
Baker, captain, 505
Bakhars, 427
Bakhshu Langah, 53, 54
Bakht Buland, 314
Bakht Singh (of Marwar or Jodhpur),
368, 431-2
Bakht-un-Nisa Begam, 128
Balaghat, overrun by Malik 'Ambar,
173; defined, 173 n. 2; governed by
Shah Jahan, 174; given up by Khan
Jahan, 176, 185; invaded by Mugh-
uls, 186-7, 194-5; governorship of
266
Balaji Baji Rao, succeeds as Peshwa,
365, 407; resents Muslim attempts
on Malwa, 366; receives chauth cf
Bihar and Malwa, 368, 441; pposes
succession of Salabat Jang, 387,
410; defeated by French, 387, 412,
434; crushes Nizam's army, 390;
exacts large cessions, 391; domi-
nates Ram Raja, 410; reforms
administration, 413-14; his cha-
racter, 414; despatches army against
Ahmad Shah Abdali, 415, 446; tries
to send reinforcements to Panipai,
424; his death, 425
Balaji Vishvanath, Peshwa, his origin
and early career, 303; becomes
Peshwa, 394; his aims for Maratha
independence, 395; his death, admi-
nistration and character, 396
Balakot, 265
Balamindin, 516
Balapur, 343, 398, 399
Balasore, English factory at, 306;
plundered by Mughuls, 308
Ealkh, threatened by Shaibani Khan,
5; 7; besieged by Uzbegs, 11; at-
tacked by Humayun, 42; taken by
Murad Bakhsh, 203; abandoned by
Aurangzib, 204; sends embassy to
Aurangzib, 229
Bal Kishan Gadgil, 414
Balkonda, 384
Ballabhgarh, 439
Balloba Manduvaguni, 414
Baloch, 37, 51, 53, 227
Baltistan, invaded, 198; campaign in,
206; acknowledges Aurangzib,
229-30
Balvant Rao Mehendale, 417, 420
Bamian, 202
Banda (pseudo-Guru), 322-4; de-
feated and executed, 335
Banda (place), 283
Bandhogarh, 143, 201
Bangalore, 279, 290
Bangarh, 370
Bangash Afghans, 415; defeated by
Rohillas, 429; defeat Safdar Jang
and ravage Oudh, 430; crushed by
Marathas, 431
Bangkok, 519, 520
Bankapur, 290, 389
Bankot, 393
Banswara, 60, 117
Baqarganj, see Backergunge
Baqar Khan, see Muhammad Baqar
Khan, Mirza, 367
Baqi Khan Qul, 319
Baqi Muhammad Uzbeg, 202
Baqr 'Id, 487
Baramati, 268
Barangab, 239
Barari Ghat, 416, 446
Barbak, 45
Parbary, 229
Barh, 442
Barha Sayyids, origin, 74 n. 1; favour
Salim (Jahangir), 152; 171; in
battle of Samogarh, 213; the "king-
maker" brothers of, 327; fight
against Nizam-ul-Mulk, 343; their
bravery at Bilochpur, 345; see also
Sayyid brothers, 'Abdullah Khan,
Sayyid, and Husain 'Ali, Sayyid
Barkhurdar Khan, 422 and n. 2
Bari Duab, 323
Bari Duab canal, 201
Barki Sarai, 149
Parmappa Nayak, 295
>
## p. 640 (#682) ############################################
640
INDEX
Bar Nadi, Mughul frontier in Assam,
200; 233
Baroda, 118; sacked by Dhanaji
Jadav, 301, 306; Gaikwars of, 398
barqandazes, 316
Basalat Jang, becomes regent, 389;
supported by French but dismissed,
390
Pasantgarh, 297, 301
Basavapatan, 294
Basawpyu, king of Arakan, 477
Basra, 299
Bassein (W. India), 296; Portuguese
capital in Konkan, 404; taken by
Baji Rao, 405-6
Bassein (Burma), 489, 491, 505, 509,
510
Bastar, 261, 267
Fasu, Raja, 160, 161
Batala, 245, 335
Eaiavia, 219
batter (in architecture), 526
Bayana, 16, 58, 61, 62, 321
Tayazid (of Bengal), succeeded by
Daud, 111
bayingyi, 495
Bayinnaung, king of Burma, succeeds
but opposed, 485; his annexations,
486; his religious and social acti-
vities, 487; captures Ayuthia, 488;
obtains Buddha Tooth from Ceylon,
489; his administration, 490; con-
tact with foreigners, 491; suppres-
ses rebellion, 491-2; dies, 492
Baz Bahadur, 79, 80, 82, 88, 89; final
surrender to Akbar, 102
Bednor, 249, 252
Bednur, 379
Begam Hauz, 285
Begging bowl, 490, 494, 497
Belgaum, 196, 283, 290
Belghata, 226
Bellary, 278, 279
Bells, at Pagan, 487; at Pegu, 495; at
Sidi, 507
Beltala, 234
Benares, taken by Sher Khan, 30, 51;
temple at destroyed, 242; Aurang-
zib's mosque at, 568
Bengal, occupied by Sher Khan, 29,
50; by Humayun, 30, 50; recovered
by Sher Khan, 33, 51; Jalal-ud-din
Bahadur becomes king of, 73; over-
tures from Akbar to Sulaiman king
of, 90; Uzbegs seek aid from, 92;
Akbar recognised by Sulaiman, 99:
Akbar prepares for conquest of,
108; Bayazid and then Daud be.
come kings of, and Daud invades
Akbar's realm, 111; Akbar's inva-
sion of, 112; conquest, 113; recover-
ed by Daud, 115; independence lost,
116, disturbances in, 121, military
rebellion in, 125, 132; peace res-
tored, 139; serious Afghan rising
in, 146; well governed by Shah
Shuja', 211; land revenue settled by
Shah Shuja' in, 218; Shah Shuja'
defeated in, 225-6; piracy in, 236-
7; English trade in, 306-7; English
expelled from, 307-8; governed
by Islam Khan, Shayista Khan
and Ibrahim Khan, 311; under
Ja'far Khan, 312; virtually inde-
pendent, its viceroys to 'Ali Vardi
Khan, 364; Sarfaraz Khan killed
in, 365; invaded by Raghuji, 363,
441; gave no help against Nadir
Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali, 374;
invaded by Marathas, 441; land re-
venue of, 464; relations with Ara-
kan, 477
Beni Prasad, 158 n. 1, 169 n. 1
Berad(s), invaded by Dilir Khan,
256; try to relieve Bijapur; trouble-
some in Deccan, 294; harass Aur-
angzib, 296-7; allied with Mara-
thas, 297
Berar, 82; annexed by Ahmadnagar,
118; invasion by Mughuls, 137; ced-
ed to Akbar, 143; invaded by An-
madnagar, 145; Malik 'Ambar de-
feats Mughuls in, 148, 261; raided by
Shivaji, 259; invaded by Fath Khan,
263; recovered by Shah Jahan,
264; raided by Amrit Rao, 294; by
Nima Sindia, 313; by Bakht Buland,
314; governed by Raghuji Bhonsle,
365; its population, 378; encroach-
## p. 641 (#683) ############################################
INDEX
641
Berar (continued)
Bhim Singh (of Mewar), 249
ed on by Bhonsles, 379, 383; land Bhir, see Bir
:evenue of, 464
Bhiwandi, 257
Bernier, François, 227, 236, 271, 471, Bhoj, 101
481 nn. 1 and 2
Bhongaon, 35
Betavad, 381
Bhonsles (of Nagpur) conquer Gond
Beveridge, A. S. , 83 n. 2
rajas, 365, 379; see also Raghuji
Beveridge, H. , 169 n. 1
Bhopal, inconclusive battle between
Beydurs, see Berad(s), 298 n. 2
Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk near,
Bhadawar besieged by Malhar Rao, 365, 403-4
356
Bhor Ghat, 393
Bhadon, 557
Bhushangarh, 297
Bhagavad Gita, 426
Biana, see Bayana
Bhagavan, 426
Biban, 10, 17
Bhagu, 238
Bibi-ki-Masjid, 575
Bhagwa Jhanda, 416, 422, 427
Bicholim, 283
Bhagwan Das, Raja, 81, 96, 98, 101, Bidai Chand, 103
102, 105, 109; dissents from "Divine Bidar, captured by Aurangzib, 209,
Faith", 129; sent against Kabul, 134; 271; annexed by Bijapur, 269;
invades Kashmir, 135; attempts plundered by Malik 'Ambar, 262;
suicide, 136; death of, 138
occupied by Khan Dauran, but
Bhagwangola, 312
restored to Bijapur, 267; raided by
Phagwant (Bundela), 306
Janoji, 389; Nizam 'Ali at, 391
Bhagwant Rai rebels in Kora, 355 Bidar Bakht, Mu'izz-ud-din, 294, 295;
Bhairowal, 157
defeats Durga Das, 304; defeats
Bhakkar, 37, 38, 39
Jats, 305; governs Malwa, 313; 315;
Bhakta Vijaya, 427
killed at battle of Jajau, 320
Bhakti, 426
Biddulph, C. E. , 216 n. 2; on piracy,
Bhalki, 189, 264, 389
309
Bhamo, 497, 516, 518
Bigandet, 500 n. 1
Bhander, 195
bigha, 460
bhang, 230
Bihar (province), military rebellion
Bhao Sahib, see Sadashiv Rao; term in, 125, 126, 132; peace restored,
explained, 446 n. 1
139; occupied by Shah Jahan in
Bharatpur, dynasty founded, 305, rebellion, 172; plundered by Ganga
348; 418
Ram, 306; governed by 'Ali Vardi
Bhasawar, 62
Khan, 364; plundered by Raghuji,
Bhaskar Pant, invades Bengal, 367;
441
expelled, 368; killed by 'Ali Vardi Bihar (town), 306
Khan, 408
Bihari Mal, Raja, 81, 97, 102
Bhath, 87, 101
Bihar Khan (Sultan Muhammad), 11,
Bhatinda, 78
15, 46
Ehera, 9, 10, 36, 94; Akbar's vision Bihar Khan, governor of Handiya, 62
at, 119, 120
Bihishtabad, 153
Bhils, 192, 315
Bijagarh, 82
Bhilsa, 16, 342
Bijapur (kingdom), Akbar sends en-
Bhima, 198
voy to, 139; sultan of sends tribute,
Bhimsen on Maratha warfare, 300
140; congratulates Akbar on taking
Bhim Singh Hara (of Kotah), 342
Ahmadnagar, 147; restores area
Bhim Singh, Kunwar, 172, 173
taken from Ahmadnagar, 165; re-
41
## p. 642 (#684) ############################################
642
INDEX
Bijapur (continued)
conciled to Golconda, 168; pays tri-
bute to Mughuls, 169; invaded by
Malik 'Ambar, 173; dynastic dispute
in, 188; invaded by Asaf Khan, 189,
264; repels him, 190, 265; attacks
Ahmadnagar, 192, 263; aids Ah-
madnagar against Mughuls, 193;
fresh disputes in, 195; submits to
Shah Jahan, 196; well governed,
and expanding 208-9; attacked by
Aurangzib on accession of 'Ali 'Adil
Shah II, 209, 271; operations against
1666-80; Mughul relations with,
253; invaded by Jay Singh, 254-5;
rival ministers in and invaded by
Bahadur Khan, 255; invaded by
Shivaji and by Dilir Khan, 259;
annexes Bidar, 260; at war with
Shivaji and agrees to pay him
chauth, 273; invaded by A'zam, 283;
free from Mughul attacks, 284;
finally subdued, 285-6; its wealth,
378
Bijapur (town), besieged by Aurang-
zib, 271; by Dilir Khan, 278; taken
by Aurangzib and decays, 285-6;
called Dar-uz-Zafar, 286; Kam
Bakhsh crowned at, 321; ceded to
Marathas, 413; buildings at, 570-4
Bijay Singh (of Amber), 321
Bikaner, 157, 246, 333; palace at, 548
Bikramajit (of Orchha), 184, 185, 187
Bikramajit, Raja (Patr Das, Rai Ra-
yan), 149, 166, 168; his death, 171
Bilgram, 27, 430
Bilhapur, 402
Bilochpur, Shah Jahan defeated at,
171; 'Abdullah Khan defeated at,
345
Bimaristan, 166
Binnya Dala, Talaing minister, 489,
490
Binnya Dala, Talaing puppet king,
503
Bir, 145, 186, 262
Birbal, Raja, 103; accepts "Divine
Faith", 131; attacks Yusufzais and
is slain, 135; his house at Fathpur
Sikri, 542-3
Birbal, Raja, see Mitra Sen Nagar, ? 40
Bir Bhan, 55 n. 2
Bir Narayan, 88
Bir Singh, error for Bir Bhan, q. v.
Bir Singh Deo (Bundela), murders
Abu-'l-Fazl, 149, 184; 150; made
Raja by Jahangir, 156; his death,
184
Bishan Singh, Raja (of Ambar), sent
against Jats, 305
Bist, 205, 206
Bithli, 227
Black Hole, 364 n. 2
Blochmann, 111, 113
Blood, taboo on shedding royal, 499
n. 1
Blunt, E. A. H. , 152 n. 1
Bodawpaya, king of Burma, 482, 522
Bohras, 232, 315
Bolan pass, 227
Bombay ceded to English, 406
Botelho, Luis, 405
Bowrey, 481 n. 1
Brahmapuri, 290; Aurangzib's head-
quarters, 296-7
Braj, 221
Bridge at Jaunpur, 535
Bridgman, Henry (alias Evory), 309
Briggs, 392 n. 2
Brindaban, 547
Broach, 315
Brotherhood, 451-2
Bruno, 506, 509
Budaun, 369; Bangash attack Rohillas
at, 429
Buddermokan, 476
Buddha Tooth, 489, 490, 494, 497
Buddhism, in Arakan, 476; combined
with Islam, 477; in Ceylon, 480
Buddhu, 560
Budh, see Shaikh Budh
Budh Singh Hara (of Bundi), opposes
Sayyids and fights Bhim Singh of
Kotah, 341-2
Puhlul Khan, see 'Abdul-Karim Buh-
lul Khan (of Bijapur), 255, 274
Buhlul (Shaikh), see Shaikh Phul
Buhlul Lodi, 9, 45, 55
Buhlul Malik (I'timad Khan), 84
Bukhara, 2, 4, 7, 202-3, 229
>
>
## p. 643 (#685) ############################################
INDEX
643
called to coast, 390, 412; 413
Buzurg Ummed Khan, 237
Buland Akhtar, 224, 303, 304
Buland Darwaza, 544, 545-6
Bulaqi, see Dawar Bakhsh, 183
Bullion, 307, 317
Bundela (Rajputs), 117
Bundele, see Govind Pant Kher, 402
Bundelkhand, rebellion in, 184; Ju-
jhar Singh rebels in, 194; rising
quelled, 195; Champat Rai rebels
in, 201; Maratha incursions in, 290;
Baji Rao invades, 353
Bundi, 117, 303, 341
Burdwan, 112; taken by Shah Jahan,
172; Marathas surround 'Ali Vardi
Khan at, 367, 442
Burhan I (of Ahmadnagar), 148
Burhan Nizam Shah II, 138, 139; re-
fuses submission to Akbar, 140
Burhanpur, beset by Deccan powers,
168, 262; assessment of, 242; looted
by Marathas, 281; occupied by Ni-
zam-ul-Mulk, 343; walls of rebuilt
by Nizam, 384; ceded to Marathas,
413; buildings at, 575
Burhan-ud-din (of Ahmadnagar),
see Burhan Nizam Shah II, 138
Burhan-ud-din, title of Jahangir, 156
Cabral, Antonio, 106, 121
Cachar, 520
Calcutta founded by Charnock, 308
Caliphs, 324
Cambay, visited by Humayun, 24; by
Akbar, 104
Cambodia, 520
Canals, made by Firuz Shah, by 'Ali
Mardan Khan, 201, 359; by Nizam-
ul-Mulk, 385; at Mrohaung, 477;
supply Delhi fort, 557
Careri, Dr Gemelli, 318
Carnatic, Golconda acquisitions in,
207; conquered by Shivaji, 240, 259,
276; Golconda annexations in, 261,
267; invaded by Bijapur, 267; plun-
dered by Dilir Khan, 278; eastern
part of taken by Aurangzib, 290; its
division between Golconda and
Bijapur, 291; Santaji and Dhana in
eastern, 294; Dost 'Ali killed in,
365, 408; Nizam's conquests in, 368;
its riches, 378; invaded by Muzaffar
Jang, 386-7; tribute of ceded to
Marathas, 388; increase of English
power in, 390; raided by Balaji, 412
Caste abolished by Sikhs, 246
Castration forbidden, 231
Cesses, forbidden by Aurangzib, 231,
449, 469; by Firuz Tughlug, Akbar
and Jahangir, 449 and n. 1; impos-
sible to estimate yield of, 450;
abuses in, 470; in Bengal, 473
Ceylon, visited by Arakanese priests,
480; Buddha Tooth of, 489
Chaghatai, 19
Chainpur Chaund, 46 n. 1
Chakan, 257, 267, 268, 392
Chakks, 60, 198
Chakradhvaj, 235
Chalisgaon, 187
Chamiari, 73
Chamkaur, 246
Champaner, besieged by Humayun,
n.
