by
" Codice Salmanticensi nunc primum integre
:
people,
"
lying
May there be everlasting joy for
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
" Codice Salmanticensi nunc primum integre
:
people,
"
lying
May there be everlasting joy for
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v8
De S.
Sedna sive Se-
donio Episcopo et Confessore, p. 572.
16
See ibid. , Martii v. , Appendix ad Vitam S. Kierani, cap. v. , p. 473.
" et
Molua? , cap.
p. 348.
17 The author of our saint's life
nos scimus hoc fact—um per merita amborum
a Domino fuisse. " xxxvii. , p. 375.
Vita S.
Art. i.
2I His feast occurs on the 1st of
"A note by Dr. Todd says he was a " Confessor," or "spiritual director. " The
March, when his Life may be found in the Third
adds,
16 came to our saint
22 On Aid said to parting, Molua,
Volume of this work, Art. i.
M See Vita S. Moluse, cap. xl. , p. 376.
" You think of
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
57
"
astute, that he might be a middle-man between Aid and his master. " Then
Lugid replied in a manner sufficiently enigmatical ; however, his words may be interpreted in the sense, that he did not accept the gift offered to him. 23
There are popular traditions, relating to the eailier possession of Clon- fert Molua, by the Druids, and it is said, that there these necromancers practised magical rites, before it had been consecrated by the presence of St. Molua and his monks. About five chains south-west of Kyle graveyard, thereisalargeirregularly-shapedstone,almostburiedintheground. The part above it measures about five by four feet. It has five circularly-shaped
such a transfer, saying :
I shall not be subject to a subject
;
the cleric is too
Stone of St. Molua, Kyle, Queen's County.
holes, which are said to have been impressions of St. Molua's head, knees and elbows when he prayed. ** This curious relic of a very early but un- ascertained period lies in the middle of a field, on the opposite side of the road to Kyle grave-yard. It is a sort of large conglomerate rock, and of an
"
and,onit,heissaidtohavecelebratedMass. After- wards, that Druid, to whom it had formerly belonged, disappeared from this part of the country, according to the popular tradition. This story is interesting, moreover, as appearing to connect the bullan relics with the pagan period of our history; while all reasonable indications and researches
irregular shape, "St. Molua'sstone;
2* over the surface of the field. This is called cropping up
23 The words attributed to him are : "Si
virostotiusmundiinmanupropriatenuissem,
propter murmurationem unius viri, si illi
displicuisset, illos omnes ex manu mea relative to the Antiquities of the Queen's dimississem. Verumtamen regis, qui hoc County, collected during the Progress of prohibuit, de genere non erit rex, et omnes the Ordnance Survey in 1838," vol. i. jugulabuntur. (Quod usque hodie com- Letter of P. O'Keefe, dated Mountrath, pletum est :) Nee possum tamen claudere Dec. 1st, 1838, pp. 117, 118.
coelum contra te propter Aidum : ego vero 25 The accompanying illustration of this
et Aidus unum cor in terra habemus, et simulerimusin coelo. "
24 See " Letters containing Information
5* LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
point to the same conclusion. 26 That stone is a very curious specimen of the bid- fan*"* or rock-basin memorials, so commonly found in Ireland, and the holes in it have been artificially formed in the undisturbed rock. That stone resembles one known as or u the
grit
of the
flag, near Cong, in the County of Galway ; but, the conclusion is unwarranted,
styled bullauns, It has been
bulla, meaning
spot by
1890.
maintains,
engraved by 26
" 23
Leach-na-poll,
Flag-stone
holes,"
that because such specimens of antiquity have been invariably found in immediate connection with the most ancient churches, they might be regarded as primitive baptismal fonts. It is said, moreover, that they have been
the writer, in October,
that Kill-da-lua " " the signifies
"
from the Latin word — a bowl. "
thought,
that the church of Killaloe in Irish or Kill-da-Lua,
—
the "cell of Lua" had its name from our saint either on account of his
;
having lived there for some time, or because it had been dedicated to him. 29 Sir James Ware opines, that St. Molua lived there, towards the end of the sixth and beginning of the seventh century 3° however, he has given
;
us no authority for such a conjecture, and probably, it was founded only on a fancied coincidence with the denomination. 31 His editor Harris falls into
an egregious error, when he tells us, that this saint lived at Killaloe, for some
time,
curious ancient memorial was drawn on the
William Frederick Wakeman to the wood,
beginning
of this same 2 The latter mistake century. 3
and about the
has been too carelessly copied, by another writer on Irish ecclesiastical affairs. 33 Although it is not certain, that our saint gave name to the church of Killaloe,3* this is not considered, however, to be an improbable con- jectured Nevertheless,therewereothersaints,bearingthenameofLuaor
34 The Rev. Dr. Ledwich, however,
Shannon, while St. Molua was only "an
ideal See " of personage. " Antiquities
of Ireland," p. 144.
i. , No. 2, xxvi. , pp. 257 to 264. Waters and that, wherever said word occurs,
87 The Irish word bullans has been it must be understood of the element water ?
rendered into English, by the translation Supposing even that his derivation of
Killaloe is correct, will it follow that no St.
Lua or Molua ever existed ? Whence then
the name of Clonfert-Molua, a place known at this very day? The Luanus of St. Bernard must have been a phantom, not- withstanding all the monasteries, which he orhisdisciples(phantomsalso)hadfounded. The churches, &c, erected by them must be considered as castles in the air. St. Moedoc
After-
wards, it was copied and transferred by church upon or near the water," i. e. , the
Mrs. Millard.
See a very interesting paper, read before
the Royal Irish Academy, June the nth,
1888, by W. F. Wakeman, F. R. H. A. A. I.
It is intituled " On the Bullan or Rock- "But pray, were there not hundreds of Basin, as found in Ireland ; with special churches near the Shannon and other waters Reference to two inscribed Examples. " in Ireland ; and how has it come to pass, This is accompanied by various lithograph that the church of Killaloe alone has got its illustrations. See "Proceedings of the name from water? Will this charlatan Royal Irish Academy. " Third Series, vol. maintain, that there is no such family as
Little holes. "
This is figured in Sir William Wilde's
"Lough Corrib, its Shores and Islands:
with Notices of Lough Mask," chap, vii. ,
p. 164. Dublin, 1867, sm. 4to. 2""
9Sce Rev. Dr. Lanigan's Ecclesiastical HistoryofIreland,"vol. ii. , chap,xii. ,sect, vii. , p. 206.
^See^De Scriptoribus Hibernise," lib.
i. , cap. iii. , p. 17, as also in his work, " De of Ferns, Pulcherius, &c. , and even Com-
Hibernia et Antiquitatibus ejus," cap. xxix.
gall, of Bangor, must likewise be ideal personages, who, as appears from numberless authorities, were connected with Molua. Who can bear with patience the falsehoods and equivocations of an ignorant scribbler, who, while he never ceased to endeavour to
cast ridicule upon Vallancey, a man vastly more learned and honest, as dealing in etymologies, recurs himself to the most ex- travagant and unfounded one's, whenever it
31 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's
"
Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect,
vii. , n. 96, p. 210.
32 " See Harris' Ware, vol. i. ,
Bishops of
Killaloe," p. 589.
31 " St. Molualobhair, the grandson of
Eocha Bailldearg, King of North Munster,
founded an abbey here about the beginning
of the 6th century. "—Archdall's " Monas-
ticon Ilibernicum," p. 52, and n. (f. ) Ibid. suits his vile purpose to do so? " Dr.
35 Referring to the ignorant assumptions of Ledwich, the Rev. Dr. Lanigan observes:
28 a red
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 50
Molua, and living about the time of our saint. If Molua Lobliar and Molua of Clonfert Molua were distinct persons, as there is every reason to suppose, it may be fairly admitted, that the Molua surnamed Lobhar was the founder of the church of 6 in the
Killaloe,3
suggests, likewise, that a Lughaire Lobhar, venerated in the Irish Calendars,
at the nth of
opinion
have been Lua or Molua Lobhar. 38
May,37 may possibly
CHAPTER IV.
MIRACLES WROUGHT BY ST. LUGID OR MOLUA—HIS RELATIONS WITH OTHER IRISH SAINTS—THE RULE OF ST. MOLUA—CLOSING SCENES OF HIS LIFE—HIS LAST VISIT TO ST. CRONAN—HIS DEATH—REVERENCE PAID TO HIS MEMORY—MEMORIALS AND FESTIVALS—CONCLUSION.
The following legend is only worth insertion, because it introduces some ancient names of places, which still require identification. A certain alumnus
of who was named Cruimther Lugid,
Luighdech,
Our saint directed this disciple to settle in a place, called Ochtar Narde,
2
within a district known as Corcho Luigde 3 and, in view of marking out ;
that spot, Lugid with seven men accompanied him on the road. While
travelling through a place, designated Cugenachte,* they met a confederated band of men, said to have been of the Devil's school, and having peculiar badges s on their heads. When Lugid saw them coming in the distance, to avoid the danger threatened to his fellow-travellers, he blessed these, and immediately they were transformed into blocks of decayed wood. On
coming up, the evil-designing wretches said to our saint
:
" Where are the
men we have seen in company with you ?
" He answered
"
They have
disappeared. " Twoofthepartythenstruckthedriedblocksofwood,and
immediately their hands and feet withered ; which judgment coming on them
so frightened the rest, that all fled precipitately away, except those two.
AskingpardonandhealingfromLugid,hehadcompassiononthem. The
use of their limbs he restored, and afterwards they became monks. They were associated, likewise, with the priest Luigdech, and with him they
6
remained in Ochtar Narde, to the very day of their death.
Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, vii. , n. 97, p. 210.
chap, xii. , sect, v—ii. , n. 98, pp. 210, 211.
r Bollandist Life of Chapter iv. In the
our saint, this name is incorrectly set down as Cruimcher Luichteth. Of the many Cruimthers mentioned in the Irish Calen-
36 In the tract, published by General Val-
lancey, in " Collectanea de Rebus Hiber
nicis," on The Law of Tanistry, Molua dars, we do not find any such title in
Lobhar is called the first Bishop of Killaloe ;
but, it would have been more correct,
according to Rev. Dr. Lanigan, to give him only the title of Abbot.
37 See a notice of him, at that date, in the Fifth Volume of this work, Art. ii.
apposition with the name ; nor do we meet
with Luigdech, although there are several
Lnghaidhs.
38 However, Dr. Lanigan thus concludes : " The whole subject is so obscure, that I cannot form any decisive opinion on it. Supposing that these Moluas were different, yet they were contemporaries, and hence it may be easily accounted for why they have been sometimes confounded "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. ,
this ancient denomination among the local
designations on the Ordnance Survey Maps of Ireland.
3 This district has not been identified,
4 This place has not been identified.
s These are called "vexilla" in Latin,
and which probably may be translated into
"cockades. "
6 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernige
together. "—
ex
2
There seems to be no near approach to
of Rev. Dr. who Lanigan,
1 had been ordained him.
by
" Codice Salmanticensi nunc primum integre
:
people,
"
lying
May there be everlasting joy for
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
At another time, St. Molua visited St. Eimen,? Abbot of Ross Mictreoin,8 on
the River Barrow, and within the territory of Hy Kinsellagh. 9 He and St. Molua were natives of the same territory ; but, on the return of Molua to his
he found his sister Cron or Croin 10 dead, with other women
own
weeping around her bier. Molua said,
youinHeaven. " However,onprayingoverthedeceased,shearosetolife. No sooner had St. Molua saluted Croin, than she expressed a wish to die once more, and to remain at rest with the saints. Having participated in the Holy Sacrifice, with the blessing and prayer of Molua, she then slept in peace. " Another curious legend is related of the cook in Lugid's monastery wanting milk, as the calves had already drained the cows of their usual supply for the community wants. Lugid desired them to take the vessel in which water had been drawn and to fill it from a well. This water was converted into milk, sweet as honey and exhilarating as wine. On it the brothers supped that same evening. Lugid ordered what remained of the liquid to be poured into the well, near a place called Milsal. 12 Some of the cowshavingdrankfromit, theirmilkretainedasimilarflavourtothatalready described. For long afterwards, that fountain imparted a like taste to the milk used in the monastery. However, some laics, having been guilty of
shedding blood, drank from it ; when the spring went dry very suddenly, T
and never afterwards did its water flow. 3 While Lugid and two of his
disciples sat in a certain place reading, suddenly their master wept, and after a little while, his face beamed with joy. They asked why he felt so and
received for " On this reply :
f4 has been ordained for the
St.
primacy in Rome. He wept and refused this honour offered to him by the
people, until the Angel of the Lord had been sent to him, commanding that he should fill the See of Peter. Then Gregory rejoiced. When Gregory
so did
and when he
I likewise felt
overjoyed. "
1 *
day,
Gregory
wept,
the cows apart from their calves, while he read, the animals remained perfectly
separated. While he was in Leinster, a certain queen, believed to have been
possessed by evil spirits, was brought to him in chains. On praying for her recovery, the energumena was healed, and the demons fled from her.
As an instance of the respect in which Lugid was held by Berach, King of Leix, at one time, when the latter entertained the King of Leinster, the liquor served at that feast was aught but agreeable to the taste, and its effects were made manifest by a sickness of the stomach affecting all the guests. On going out of his house, Berach saw a poor man, bearing shoes on his shoulders, while his feet were bare. That person also asked for food. Having enquired why he did not wear the shoes, on such a cold day, Berach
rejoiced,
I,
When Lugid was in the city of Benchuir, 16 and had been in charge of keeping
edita opera Caroli de Smedt et Josephi de Backer, e Soc. Jesu. De Sancto Lugido, num. 44, col. 279.
7 Also called Emneban in the Salamancan Life of our saint. His feast occurs, on the 23rd of December.
a town in the
9 The most southern division in the Province of Leinster.
"There are four saints,
virgin designated
Croine, noted at different days in the Irish Calendars, but the present holy woman has not been identified with any of them.
11 See " Collectanea Fleming's Sacra,"
Vita S. Molua:, cap. xli. , p. 376
" It cannot now be identified, although probably it was in some place near Clonfert Molua.
,3 See the " Acta Sanctorum Ilibernise," edited by Fathers De Smedt and De Backer, num. 46, col. 280.
* 4 He was doubtless St. I. , Pope Gregory
and surnamed the Great, who presided over
the Church from A. D. 590 to the 12th
of March, A. D. 604. See an account of him
in Rev. " Manual of Universal John Alzog's
"Now known as New
Ross, present County of Wexford.
Church History," vol. ii. , Second Period. Epoch i. , Part 2, chap, i. , sect. 153, pp. 28 to 30. Translated by Rev. F. J. Pabisch and Rev. Thomas S.
Byrne.
XJ See the " Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 6 1
received for answer, that Lugid had bestowed both of his shoes on the
pauper, who, probably through reverence, would not wear them. One of these Berach took from him, and placing it in the liquor, its quality was restored, and the taste afterwards gratified all his company. A story is told, that Brandubh,1 ? King of Leinster, with four hundred of his men, came one Sunday to Lugid, and asked that food should be speedily provided for all of them. Lugid asked a day's delay, but the king required immediate com- pliance with his demand. Then, Lugid ordered food to be brought. But, when the king had tasted the first morsel, it stuck in his throat, and so continued unextracted the whole of that day, while he suffered great pain, and could neither eat nor drink, nor even sleep, for that whole night.
However, when the next day came, Lugid imparted his blessing, and the king recovered. Then bending his knees in reverence to the saint, Bran-
In his time lived Scanlan Mor, King of Ossory. It is said, that his wife, called Buoan, died in giving birth to a son, who also was still-born. x 9 Through the merits of our saint both were restored to life. Whereupon, the queen presented herself and her son to St. Molua's patronage, while the king himself gave a fertile tract of land, on which his son built a religious house named
a particular occasion, he was hospitably entertained by the son of Scanlan
21
Mor,whowasnamedFiachrach, whosedaughterhadbeenblindfromher
youth. According to the custom of that age, the feet of his guest were
washed after arrival. Some of that water having been applied to the girl's
eyes, she soon obtained the gift of vision. 22 Another time, Lugid came to
Crilline23 mac Ercee, King of Hy-Fithgente, and said to his servant, " Ask
thekingtomeetmeoutsideofhishouse. " But,intentonotheraffairs,the
servant forgot to deliver that message, and Lugid remained expecting
Crilline. In the meantime, a fire broke out in the castle, which obliged the
kingtohastenforthandmeethim. ThenfallingatthefeetofLugid,and
recognising his oversight or fault, the fire did little injury to the king's forti-
fication. A certain labourer, who lived with Lugid, and who cultivated
land at a place called Froscath, had been murdered by the people of
2
Eugenachte. * However, through the merits of St. Lugid he was afterwards
9 restored to life. At another time, our saint came to the city of St. Canice, 5
dubh presented many gifts to the community over whom he presided. 18
Ardgobren.
20 When Lugid passed through that territory, on
which was called Aghaboe.
26
Here, three boys of tender age, sons to
ex Codice Salmanticensi, edited by Fathers De Smedt and De Backer, num, 47 cols. 280, 281.
Fiachrach being a son to Scanlan Mor. But, in a Genealogical Table of the Kings of Ossory to the English Invasion, we have
16 Now
of Down.
him from A. D. See John Hcgan's " Kil- kenny : the ancient City of Ossory, the
seat of its Kings," &c. Part ii. , p. 172.
22 This is related, likewise, in the short
Acts of St. Molua.
=3 His name does not appear to have been
elsewhere preserved.
2* Perhaps the Eoghanachs, or people of
the race of Eoghan, son to Niall of the Nine
Hostages, and who were very powerful in Ulster. However, it seems most probable,
the people of Eoghanacht-Caisil are here
meant, as they lived in a district more nearly
adjoining Clonfert Molua.
25
Hisfeastisheldonthe1ithofOctober, *6 The Bollandist Life of our saint reads
in the
1 This celebrated king was killed, A. D.
601, according to Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals
of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 228, 229. '* He is placed the eighteenth in succession
from Aengus Osraighe, by John Hogan, and he is said to have reigned over Ossory from
his son Faelain 645 to a. d. 658.
Bangor,
County
succeeding
"
of Ossory : A Memoir of his life and Times,"
Part First, chap, vii. , p. 35.
19 This however seems to be only another
version of an account already given.
20
Such is the narrative, as found in the short Life of our saint published in the "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," ex Codice Salman- ticensi,&c. ActaSanctiMoluaeseuLugidi,
num. 27, cols. 886, 887.
a. d. 615 to 640. See
St. Ciaran, Patron
21
Elsewhere I find no record of this
Acheth boohel'e.
62 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
one Darius,2? clasped him about the neck, and with childish affection striking him with the palms of their hands, they called him their father.
Those who were near wished to prevent this freedom. But, St. Molua said ;
" Allow them to manifest their affection towards me, for this they do without guile and through an inspiration of God ; since these children shall be holy monks after me, and in my monastery. " This prediction was afterwards
St. Goban came to St.
At supper, the guest was refreshed by his host
merits of Lugid, that he presented the place which belonged to him, as a dependency for the wonder-working host.
According to Sir James Ware, for twenty years before his death, Molua, Abbot of Clonfert Molua, was struck with leprosy, of which disease he died. However, in the Minister Histories referred to in General Val- lancey's work,3° it is related, that Molua-Lobhar, or the Leper, was brother to Aodh-Caomh, King of Cashel, or of all Minister, and son of Conate the
grandson of Carthann Fionn, who had been baptized by St. Patrick. Like- wise, Aodh-Caomh and Molua-Lobhar, were contemporaries with St. Brendan, of Clonfert. The same account is given of Molua-Lobhar, by
1
RoderickO'Flaherty^ whodistinguishedhimfromMoluaofClonfert-Muloa,
as appears from the manner in which he speaks of the latter. 3 2 If Molua of Clonfert Molua had been brother to the King of Cashel, such a circumstance could hardly have been omitted, by the author of his Life; and, instead of his parents being called generous or distinguished, some higher epithet should probably have been applied to them. 33
A herd of St. Lugid, and who is named Cronan, died in a place, called Achthib Critri, 34 when the economus of the holy abbot brought his habit, and spreading it over the dead man, he was immediately restored to life. A mute boy, the son of Maildubh, belonging to the tribe of Maile Andich, was brought to Lu^id, who had acquired great repute for possessing miraculous powers. Placing three of his fingers in that youth's mouth, the boy began immediately to speak. Once when the abbot came to a religious establishment, at a place called Cellancroo,35 he felt thirsty, and asked for something to drink. At that time, some cream was in a vessel, and it had been prepared to churn into butter. Through niggardliness, the draught of milk was withheld; but, afterwards, when poured into the churn, neither milk nor butter came from the vessel. Thenceforwards, poverty fell upon that house, and it was deserted, at a time when the longer Life of St. Lugid had been written. While St. Molua was travelling in the Nan-Desii country,
28 Another 2
time,
Lugid,
then at living
accomplished.
a place called Dolabglas. 9
with water taken from a spring and then blessed. The water afterwards assumed the taste of excellent wine. So impressed was Goban with the
the local chieftain's wife died in child-bed
;
and the fruit of her womb also
happened to be still-born. The chieftain and principal men of the country
besought our saint, to interpose his prayers with Heaven : and, on complying
with such request, the lady and her son were both restored to life. Full of gratitude for this favour, she offered herself and her child to God and to St. Molua ; while the chieftain, named Berchan, bestowed some land, on which
J7 The epithet "Niger" is added in the written, by the Rev. Dr. Paul O'Brien.
"
Bollandisl Life of our saint. 3 ' See "
Ogygia," pars, iii. , cap. lxxxviii. ,
Fleming's Collectanea Sacra," p. 3S9.
Vita S. Mohise, cap. xlv. , p. 377.
29 This ancient place does not appear to
have been identified.
30
3-' See ibid. , cap. lxxxi. , p. 381.
33 An essential difference is founded on Molua-Lobhar having been expressly re- presented as the son of Conall. while Molua of Clonfert Molua is called the son of Carthar
See "Collectanea de Rebus Ilibernicis,"
vol. i. , The Law of Tanistry illustrated. No.
iv. , part ii. , chap, i.
donio Episcopo et Confessore, p. 572.
16
See ibid. , Martii v. , Appendix ad Vitam S. Kierani, cap. v. , p. 473.
" et
Molua? , cap.
p. 348.
17 The author of our saint's life
nos scimus hoc fact—um per merita amborum
a Domino fuisse. " xxxvii. , p. 375.
Vita S.
Art. i.
2I His feast occurs on the 1st of
"A note by Dr. Todd says he was a " Confessor," or "spiritual director. " The
March, when his Life may be found in the Third
adds,
16 came to our saint
22 On Aid said to parting, Molua,
Volume of this work, Art. i.
M See Vita S. Moluse, cap. xl. , p. 376.
" You think of
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
57
"
astute, that he might be a middle-man between Aid and his master. " Then
Lugid replied in a manner sufficiently enigmatical ; however, his words may be interpreted in the sense, that he did not accept the gift offered to him. 23
There are popular traditions, relating to the eailier possession of Clon- fert Molua, by the Druids, and it is said, that there these necromancers practised magical rites, before it had been consecrated by the presence of St. Molua and his monks. About five chains south-west of Kyle graveyard, thereisalargeirregularly-shapedstone,almostburiedintheground. The part above it measures about five by four feet. It has five circularly-shaped
such a transfer, saying :
I shall not be subject to a subject
;
the cleric is too
Stone of St. Molua, Kyle, Queen's County.
holes, which are said to have been impressions of St. Molua's head, knees and elbows when he prayed. ** This curious relic of a very early but un- ascertained period lies in the middle of a field, on the opposite side of the road to Kyle grave-yard. It is a sort of large conglomerate rock, and of an
"
and,onit,heissaidtohavecelebratedMass. After- wards, that Druid, to whom it had formerly belonged, disappeared from this part of the country, according to the popular tradition. This story is interesting, moreover, as appearing to connect the bullan relics with the pagan period of our history; while all reasonable indications and researches
irregular shape, "St. Molua'sstone;
2* over the surface of the field. This is called cropping up
23 The words attributed to him are : "Si
virostotiusmundiinmanupropriatenuissem,
propter murmurationem unius viri, si illi
displicuisset, illos omnes ex manu mea relative to the Antiquities of the Queen's dimississem. Verumtamen regis, qui hoc County, collected during the Progress of prohibuit, de genere non erit rex, et omnes the Ordnance Survey in 1838," vol. i. jugulabuntur. (Quod usque hodie com- Letter of P. O'Keefe, dated Mountrath, pletum est :) Nee possum tamen claudere Dec. 1st, 1838, pp. 117, 118.
coelum contra te propter Aidum : ego vero 25 The accompanying illustration of this
et Aidus unum cor in terra habemus, et simulerimusin coelo. "
24 See " Letters containing Information
5* LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
point to the same conclusion. 26 That stone is a very curious specimen of the bid- fan*"* or rock-basin memorials, so commonly found in Ireland, and the holes in it have been artificially formed in the undisturbed rock. That stone resembles one known as or u the
grit
of the
flag, near Cong, in the County of Galway ; but, the conclusion is unwarranted,
styled bullauns, It has been
bulla, meaning
spot by
1890.
maintains,
engraved by 26
" 23
Leach-na-poll,
Flag-stone
holes,"
that because such specimens of antiquity have been invariably found in immediate connection with the most ancient churches, they might be regarded as primitive baptismal fonts. It is said, moreover, that they have been
the writer, in October,
that Kill-da-lua " " the signifies
"
from the Latin word — a bowl. "
thought,
that the church of Killaloe in Irish or Kill-da-Lua,
—
the "cell of Lua" had its name from our saint either on account of his
;
having lived there for some time, or because it had been dedicated to him. 29 Sir James Ware opines, that St. Molua lived there, towards the end of the sixth and beginning of the seventh century 3° however, he has given
;
us no authority for such a conjecture, and probably, it was founded only on a fancied coincidence with the denomination. 31 His editor Harris falls into
an egregious error, when he tells us, that this saint lived at Killaloe, for some
time,
curious ancient memorial was drawn on the
William Frederick Wakeman to the wood,
beginning
of this same 2 The latter mistake century. 3
and about the
has been too carelessly copied, by another writer on Irish ecclesiastical affairs. 33 Although it is not certain, that our saint gave name to the church of Killaloe,3* this is not considered, however, to be an improbable con- jectured Nevertheless,therewereothersaints,bearingthenameofLuaor
34 The Rev. Dr. Ledwich, however,
Shannon, while St. Molua was only "an
ideal See " of personage. " Antiquities
of Ireland," p. 144.
i. , No. 2, xxvi. , pp. 257 to 264. Waters and that, wherever said word occurs,
87 The Irish word bullans has been it must be understood of the element water ?
rendered into English, by the translation Supposing even that his derivation of
Killaloe is correct, will it follow that no St.
Lua or Molua ever existed ? Whence then
the name of Clonfert-Molua, a place known at this very day? The Luanus of St. Bernard must have been a phantom, not- withstanding all the monasteries, which he orhisdisciples(phantomsalso)hadfounded. The churches, &c, erected by them must be considered as castles in the air. St. Moedoc
After-
wards, it was copied and transferred by church upon or near the water," i. e. , the
Mrs. Millard.
See a very interesting paper, read before
the Royal Irish Academy, June the nth,
1888, by W. F. Wakeman, F. R. H. A. A. I.
It is intituled " On the Bullan or Rock- "But pray, were there not hundreds of Basin, as found in Ireland ; with special churches near the Shannon and other waters Reference to two inscribed Examples. " in Ireland ; and how has it come to pass, This is accompanied by various lithograph that the church of Killaloe alone has got its illustrations. See "Proceedings of the name from water? Will this charlatan Royal Irish Academy. " Third Series, vol. maintain, that there is no such family as
Little holes. "
This is figured in Sir William Wilde's
"Lough Corrib, its Shores and Islands:
with Notices of Lough Mask," chap, vii. ,
p. 164. Dublin, 1867, sm. 4to. 2""
9Sce Rev. Dr. Lanigan's Ecclesiastical HistoryofIreland,"vol. ii. , chap,xii. ,sect, vii. , p. 206.
^See^De Scriptoribus Hibernise," lib.
i. , cap. iii. , p. 17, as also in his work, " De of Ferns, Pulcherius, &c. , and even Com-
Hibernia et Antiquitatibus ejus," cap. xxix.
gall, of Bangor, must likewise be ideal personages, who, as appears from numberless authorities, were connected with Molua. Who can bear with patience the falsehoods and equivocations of an ignorant scribbler, who, while he never ceased to endeavour to
cast ridicule upon Vallancey, a man vastly more learned and honest, as dealing in etymologies, recurs himself to the most ex- travagant and unfounded one's, whenever it
31 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's
"
Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect,
vii. , n. 96, p. 210.
32 " See Harris' Ware, vol. i. ,
Bishops of
Killaloe," p. 589.
31 " St. Molualobhair, the grandson of
Eocha Bailldearg, King of North Munster,
founded an abbey here about the beginning
of the 6th century. "—Archdall's " Monas-
ticon Ilibernicum," p. 52, and n. (f. ) Ibid. suits his vile purpose to do so? " Dr.
35 Referring to the ignorant assumptions of Ledwich, the Rev. Dr. Lanigan observes:
28 a red
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 50
Molua, and living about the time of our saint. If Molua Lobliar and Molua of Clonfert Molua were distinct persons, as there is every reason to suppose, it may be fairly admitted, that the Molua surnamed Lobhar was the founder of the church of 6 in the
Killaloe,3
suggests, likewise, that a Lughaire Lobhar, venerated in the Irish Calendars,
at the nth of
opinion
have been Lua or Molua Lobhar. 38
May,37 may possibly
CHAPTER IV.
MIRACLES WROUGHT BY ST. LUGID OR MOLUA—HIS RELATIONS WITH OTHER IRISH SAINTS—THE RULE OF ST. MOLUA—CLOSING SCENES OF HIS LIFE—HIS LAST VISIT TO ST. CRONAN—HIS DEATH—REVERENCE PAID TO HIS MEMORY—MEMORIALS AND FESTIVALS—CONCLUSION.
The following legend is only worth insertion, because it introduces some ancient names of places, which still require identification. A certain alumnus
of who was named Cruimther Lugid,
Luighdech,
Our saint directed this disciple to settle in a place, called Ochtar Narde,
2
within a district known as Corcho Luigde 3 and, in view of marking out ;
that spot, Lugid with seven men accompanied him on the road. While
travelling through a place, designated Cugenachte,* they met a confederated band of men, said to have been of the Devil's school, and having peculiar badges s on their heads. When Lugid saw them coming in the distance, to avoid the danger threatened to his fellow-travellers, he blessed these, and immediately they were transformed into blocks of decayed wood. On
coming up, the evil-designing wretches said to our saint
:
" Where are the
men we have seen in company with you ?
" He answered
"
They have
disappeared. " Twoofthepartythenstruckthedriedblocksofwood,and
immediately their hands and feet withered ; which judgment coming on them
so frightened the rest, that all fled precipitately away, except those two.
AskingpardonandhealingfromLugid,hehadcompassiononthem. The
use of their limbs he restored, and afterwards they became monks. They were associated, likewise, with the priest Luigdech, and with him they
6
remained in Ochtar Narde, to the very day of their death.
Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, vii. , n. 97, p. 210.
chap, xii. , sect, v—ii. , n. 98, pp. 210, 211.
r Bollandist Life of Chapter iv. In the
our saint, this name is incorrectly set down as Cruimcher Luichteth. Of the many Cruimthers mentioned in the Irish Calen-
36 In the tract, published by General Val-
lancey, in " Collectanea de Rebus Hiber
nicis," on The Law of Tanistry, Molua dars, we do not find any such title in
Lobhar is called the first Bishop of Killaloe ;
but, it would have been more correct,
according to Rev. Dr. Lanigan, to give him only the title of Abbot.
37 See a notice of him, at that date, in the Fifth Volume of this work, Art. ii.
apposition with the name ; nor do we meet
with Luigdech, although there are several
Lnghaidhs.
38 However, Dr. Lanigan thus concludes : " The whole subject is so obscure, that I cannot form any decisive opinion on it. Supposing that these Moluas were different, yet they were contemporaries, and hence it may be easily accounted for why they have been sometimes confounded "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. ,
this ancient denomination among the local
designations on the Ordnance Survey Maps of Ireland.
3 This district has not been identified,
4 This place has not been identified.
s These are called "vexilla" in Latin,
and which probably may be translated into
"cockades. "
6 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernige
together. "—
ex
2
There seems to be no near approach to
of Rev. Dr. who Lanigan,
1 had been ordained him.
by
" Codice Salmanticensi nunc primum integre
:
people,
"
lying
May there be everlasting joy for
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
At another time, St. Molua visited St. Eimen,? Abbot of Ross Mictreoin,8 on
the River Barrow, and within the territory of Hy Kinsellagh. 9 He and St. Molua were natives of the same territory ; but, on the return of Molua to his
he found his sister Cron or Croin 10 dead, with other women
own
weeping around her bier. Molua said,
youinHeaven. " However,onprayingoverthedeceased,shearosetolife. No sooner had St. Molua saluted Croin, than she expressed a wish to die once more, and to remain at rest with the saints. Having participated in the Holy Sacrifice, with the blessing and prayer of Molua, she then slept in peace. " Another curious legend is related of the cook in Lugid's monastery wanting milk, as the calves had already drained the cows of their usual supply for the community wants. Lugid desired them to take the vessel in which water had been drawn and to fill it from a well. This water was converted into milk, sweet as honey and exhilarating as wine. On it the brothers supped that same evening. Lugid ordered what remained of the liquid to be poured into the well, near a place called Milsal. 12 Some of the cowshavingdrankfromit, theirmilkretainedasimilarflavourtothatalready described. For long afterwards, that fountain imparted a like taste to the milk used in the monastery. However, some laics, having been guilty of
shedding blood, drank from it ; when the spring went dry very suddenly, T
and never afterwards did its water flow. 3 While Lugid and two of his
disciples sat in a certain place reading, suddenly their master wept, and after a little while, his face beamed with joy. They asked why he felt so and
received for " On this reply :
f4 has been ordained for the
St.
primacy in Rome. He wept and refused this honour offered to him by the
people, until the Angel of the Lord had been sent to him, commanding that he should fill the See of Peter. Then Gregory rejoiced. When Gregory
so did
and when he
I likewise felt
overjoyed. "
1 *
day,
Gregory
wept,
the cows apart from their calves, while he read, the animals remained perfectly
separated. While he was in Leinster, a certain queen, believed to have been
possessed by evil spirits, was brought to him in chains. On praying for her recovery, the energumena was healed, and the demons fled from her.
As an instance of the respect in which Lugid was held by Berach, King of Leix, at one time, when the latter entertained the King of Leinster, the liquor served at that feast was aught but agreeable to the taste, and its effects were made manifest by a sickness of the stomach affecting all the guests. On going out of his house, Berach saw a poor man, bearing shoes on his shoulders, while his feet were bare. That person also asked for food. Having enquired why he did not wear the shoes, on such a cold day, Berach
rejoiced,
I,
When Lugid was in the city of Benchuir, 16 and had been in charge of keeping
edita opera Caroli de Smedt et Josephi de Backer, e Soc. Jesu. De Sancto Lugido, num. 44, col. 279.
7 Also called Emneban in the Salamancan Life of our saint. His feast occurs, on the 23rd of December.
a town in the
9 The most southern division in the Province of Leinster.
"There are four saints,
virgin designated
Croine, noted at different days in the Irish Calendars, but the present holy woman has not been identified with any of them.
11 See " Collectanea Fleming's Sacra,"
Vita S. Molua:, cap. xli. , p. 376
" It cannot now be identified, although probably it was in some place near Clonfert Molua.
,3 See the " Acta Sanctorum Ilibernise," edited by Fathers De Smedt and De Backer, num. 46, col. 280.
* 4 He was doubtless St. I. , Pope Gregory
and surnamed the Great, who presided over
the Church from A. D. 590 to the 12th
of March, A. D. 604. See an account of him
in Rev. " Manual of Universal John Alzog's
"Now known as New
Ross, present County of Wexford.
Church History," vol. ii. , Second Period. Epoch i. , Part 2, chap, i. , sect. 153, pp. 28 to 30. Translated by Rev. F. J. Pabisch and Rev. Thomas S.
Byrne.
XJ See the " Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 6 1
received for answer, that Lugid had bestowed both of his shoes on the
pauper, who, probably through reverence, would not wear them. One of these Berach took from him, and placing it in the liquor, its quality was restored, and the taste afterwards gratified all his company. A story is told, that Brandubh,1 ? King of Leinster, with four hundred of his men, came one Sunday to Lugid, and asked that food should be speedily provided for all of them. Lugid asked a day's delay, but the king required immediate com- pliance with his demand. Then, Lugid ordered food to be brought. But, when the king had tasted the first morsel, it stuck in his throat, and so continued unextracted the whole of that day, while he suffered great pain, and could neither eat nor drink, nor even sleep, for that whole night.
However, when the next day came, Lugid imparted his blessing, and the king recovered. Then bending his knees in reverence to the saint, Bran-
In his time lived Scanlan Mor, King of Ossory. It is said, that his wife, called Buoan, died in giving birth to a son, who also was still-born. x 9 Through the merits of our saint both were restored to life. Whereupon, the queen presented herself and her son to St. Molua's patronage, while the king himself gave a fertile tract of land, on which his son built a religious house named
a particular occasion, he was hospitably entertained by the son of Scanlan
21
Mor,whowasnamedFiachrach, whosedaughterhadbeenblindfromher
youth. According to the custom of that age, the feet of his guest were
washed after arrival. Some of that water having been applied to the girl's
eyes, she soon obtained the gift of vision. 22 Another time, Lugid came to
Crilline23 mac Ercee, King of Hy-Fithgente, and said to his servant, " Ask
thekingtomeetmeoutsideofhishouse. " But,intentonotheraffairs,the
servant forgot to deliver that message, and Lugid remained expecting
Crilline. In the meantime, a fire broke out in the castle, which obliged the
kingtohastenforthandmeethim. ThenfallingatthefeetofLugid,and
recognising his oversight or fault, the fire did little injury to the king's forti-
fication. A certain labourer, who lived with Lugid, and who cultivated
land at a place called Froscath, had been murdered by the people of
2
Eugenachte. * However, through the merits of St. Lugid he was afterwards
9 restored to life. At another time, our saint came to the city of St. Canice, 5
dubh presented many gifts to the community over whom he presided. 18
Ardgobren.
20 When Lugid passed through that territory, on
which was called Aghaboe.
26
Here, three boys of tender age, sons to
ex Codice Salmanticensi, edited by Fathers De Smedt and De Backer, num, 47 cols. 280, 281.
Fiachrach being a son to Scanlan Mor. But, in a Genealogical Table of the Kings of Ossory to the English Invasion, we have
16 Now
of Down.
him from A. D. See John Hcgan's " Kil- kenny : the ancient City of Ossory, the
seat of its Kings," &c. Part ii. , p. 172.
22 This is related, likewise, in the short
Acts of St. Molua.
=3 His name does not appear to have been
elsewhere preserved.
2* Perhaps the Eoghanachs, or people of
the race of Eoghan, son to Niall of the Nine
Hostages, and who were very powerful in Ulster. However, it seems most probable,
the people of Eoghanacht-Caisil are here
meant, as they lived in a district more nearly
adjoining Clonfert Molua.
25
Hisfeastisheldonthe1ithofOctober, *6 The Bollandist Life of our saint reads
in the
1 This celebrated king was killed, A. D.
601, according to Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals
of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 228, 229. '* He is placed the eighteenth in succession
from Aengus Osraighe, by John Hogan, and he is said to have reigned over Ossory from
his son Faelain 645 to a. d. 658.
Bangor,
County
succeeding
"
of Ossory : A Memoir of his life and Times,"
Part First, chap, vii. , p. 35.
19 This however seems to be only another
version of an account already given.
20
Such is the narrative, as found in the short Life of our saint published in the "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," ex Codice Salman- ticensi,&c. ActaSanctiMoluaeseuLugidi,
num. 27, cols. 886, 887.
a. d. 615 to 640. See
St. Ciaran, Patron
21
Elsewhere I find no record of this
Acheth boohel'e.
62 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
one Darius,2? clasped him about the neck, and with childish affection striking him with the palms of their hands, they called him their father.
Those who were near wished to prevent this freedom. But, St. Molua said ;
" Allow them to manifest their affection towards me, for this they do without guile and through an inspiration of God ; since these children shall be holy monks after me, and in my monastery. " This prediction was afterwards
St. Goban came to St.
At supper, the guest was refreshed by his host
merits of Lugid, that he presented the place which belonged to him, as a dependency for the wonder-working host.
According to Sir James Ware, for twenty years before his death, Molua, Abbot of Clonfert Molua, was struck with leprosy, of which disease he died. However, in the Minister Histories referred to in General Val- lancey's work,3° it is related, that Molua-Lobhar, or the Leper, was brother to Aodh-Caomh, King of Cashel, or of all Minister, and son of Conate the
grandson of Carthann Fionn, who had been baptized by St. Patrick. Like- wise, Aodh-Caomh and Molua-Lobhar, were contemporaries with St. Brendan, of Clonfert. The same account is given of Molua-Lobhar, by
1
RoderickO'Flaherty^ whodistinguishedhimfromMoluaofClonfert-Muloa,
as appears from the manner in which he speaks of the latter. 3 2 If Molua of Clonfert Molua had been brother to the King of Cashel, such a circumstance could hardly have been omitted, by the author of his Life; and, instead of his parents being called generous or distinguished, some higher epithet should probably have been applied to them. 33
A herd of St. Lugid, and who is named Cronan, died in a place, called Achthib Critri, 34 when the economus of the holy abbot brought his habit, and spreading it over the dead man, he was immediately restored to life. A mute boy, the son of Maildubh, belonging to the tribe of Maile Andich, was brought to Lu^id, who had acquired great repute for possessing miraculous powers. Placing three of his fingers in that youth's mouth, the boy began immediately to speak. Once when the abbot came to a religious establishment, at a place called Cellancroo,35 he felt thirsty, and asked for something to drink. At that time, some cream was in a vessel, and it had been prepared to churn into butter. Through niggardliness, the draught of milk was withheld; but, afterwards, when poured into the churn, neither milk nor butter came from the vessel. Thenceforwards, poverty fell upon that house, and it was deserted, at a time when the longer Life of St. Lugid had been written. While St. Molua was travelling in the Nan-Desii country,
28 Another 2
time,
Lugid,
then at living
accomplished.
a place called Dolabglas. 9
with water taken from a spring and then blessed. The water afterwards assumed the taste of excellent wine. So impressed was Goban with the
the local chieftain's wife died in child-bed
;
and the fruit of her womb also
happened to be still-born. The chieftain and principal men of the country
besought our saint, to interpose his prayers with Heaven : and, on complying
with such request, the lady and her son were both restored to life. Full of gratitude for this favour, she offered herself and her child to God and to St. Molua ; while the chieftain, named Berchan, bestowed some land, on which
J7 The epithet "Niger" is added in the written, by the Rev. Dr. Paul O'Brien.
"
Bollandisl Life of our saint. 3 ' See "
Ogygia," pars, iii. , cap. lxxxviii. ,
Fleming's Collectanea Sacra," p. 3S9.
Vita S. Mohise, cap. xlv. , p. 377.
29 This ancient place does not appear to
have been identified.
30
3-' See ibid. , cap. lxxxi. , p. 381.
33 An essential difference is founded on Molua-Lobhar having been expressly re- presented as the son of Conall. while Molua of Clonfert Molua is called the son of Carthar
See "Collectanea de Rebus Ilibernicis,"
vol. i. , The Law of Tanistry illustrated. No.
iv. , part ii. , chap, i.
