He almost leapt forward to stop her, just because it was so
completely
out of order.
Musil - Man Without Qualities - v2
But such a situation is unbearable for a distin- guished jurist, and so his logically trained mind had devised a means of leaving his last will unassailably valid, impervious to the influence of any last-minute emotional waverings: He wrote a letter of forgive-
758 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
ness but left it unsigned and undated, with instructions for Ulrich to date it at the hour of his father's death, then sign it together with his sister Agathe as proxies, as can be done with an oral will when a dying man no longer has the strength to sign his name. Actually, he was, without wanting to admit it, an odd fish, this little old man who had always submitted to the hierarchies of existence and defended them as their most zealous servant while stifling within himself all sorts of rebellious impulses, for which, in his chosen course of life, he could never find an outlet. Ulrich was reminded of the death notice he had received, which had probably been dictated in the same frame of mind; he even almost recognized a certain kinship with himself in it, though not resentfully this time but with compassion, at least in the sense that he could see how the old man's lifelong frustration at not being able to express his feelings must have led to his being in- furiated to the point of hatred by this son who made life easy for himself by taking unpardonable liberties. For this is how the ways of sons always appear to fathers, and Ulrich felt a twinge offilial sympa- thy as he thought of all that was still unresolved inside himself. But he no longer had time to find some appropriate expression for all this that Agathe would also understand; he had just begun when a man swung with great energy into the twilit room. He strode in, hurled forward by his own energy right into the shimmer of the candlelight, before the derailed old servant could catch up to announce him. He lifted his arm in another wide sweep to shield his eyes with his hand, one step from the bier.
"My revered friend! " the visitor intoned sonorously. And the little old man lay with clenched jaws in the presence of his enemy Schwung.
"Ah, my dear young friends," Professor Schwung continued: "Above us the majesty of the stany firmament, within us the majesty of the moral law! " With veiled eyes he gazed down upon his faculty colleague. 'Within this breast now cold there lived the majesty ofthe moral law! " Only then did he turn around to shake hands with the brother and sister.
Ulrich took this first opportunity to acquit himself of his charge.
"You and my father were unfortunately at odds with each other lately, sir? " he opened cautiously.
For a moment the graybeard did not seem to catch his meaning.
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 759
"Differences of opinion, hardly worth mentioning! " he replied mag- nanimously, gazing earnestly at the deceased. But when Ulrich po- litely persisted, hinting that a last will was involved, the situation in the room suddenly became tense, the way it does in a low-down dive when everyone knows someone has just drawn a knife under the table and in a moment all hell will break loose. So even with his last gasp the old boy had managed to gall his colleague Schwung! Enmity of such long standing had of course long since ceased to be a feeling and become a habit; provided something or other did not happen to stir up the hostility afresh, it simply ceased to exist. There was only the accumulated experience of countless grating episodes in the past, which had coagulated into a contemptuous opinion each held of the other, an opinion as unaffected by the flux of emotion as any unbiased truth would be. Professor Schwung felt this just as his an- tagonist, now dead, had felt it. Forgiveness seemed to him quite childish and beside the point, for that one relenting impulse before the end-merely a feeling at that, not a professional admission of error-naturally counted for nothing against the experiences ofyears of controversy and, as Schwung saw it, could only serve, and rather brazenly, to put him in the wrong if he should take advantage of his victory. But this had nothing to do with Professor Schwung's need to take leave of his dead friend. Good Lord, they had known each other back at the start of their academic careers, before either of them was married! Do you remember that evening in the Burggarten, how we drank to the setting sun and argued about Hegel? However many sunsets there may have been since then, that's the one I always re- member. And do you remember our first professional disagreement, which almost made enemies of us way back then? Those were the days! Now you are dead, and I'm still on my feet, I'm glad to say, even though I'm standing by your coffin.
Such are the feelings, as everyone knows, of elderly people faced with the death of their contemporaries. When we come into the sere and yellow leaf, poetry breaks out. Many people who have not turned a verse since their seventeenth year suddenly write a poem at sev- enty-seven, when drawing up their last will. Just as at the Last Judg- ment the dead shall be called forth one by one, even though they have long been at rest at the bottom of time together with their cen- turies, like the cargoes of foundered ships, so too, in the last will,
760 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
things are summoned by name and have their personalities, worn away by use, restored to them: "The Bokhara rug with the cigar burn, in my study . . . " is the sort of thing one reads in such final disposi- tions, or "The umbrella with the rhinoceros-hom handle that I bought at Sunshine & Winter's in May 1887 . . . "Even the bundles of securities are named and invoked individually by number.
Nor is it chance that, as each object lights up again for the last time, the longing should arise to attach to it a moral, an admonition, a blessing, a principle, to cast one last spell on so many unreckoned things that rise up once more as one feels oneself sinking. And so, together with the poetry of testament-making time, philosophy too awakens; usually an ancient and dusty philosophy, understandably enough, hauled out from where it had been forgotten fifty years ear- lier. Ulrich suddenly realized that neither of these two old men could possibly have given way. "Let life take care of itself, as long as princi- ples remain intact! " is an appropriate sentiment when a person knows that in a few months or years he will be outlived by those very principles. And it was plain to see how the two impulses were still contending with each other in the old academician: His romanticism, his youth, his poetic side, demanded a fine, sweeping gesture and a noble statement; his philosophy, on the other hand, insisted on keep- ing the law of reason untainted by sudden eruptions of feeling and sentimental lapses such as his dead opponent had placed on his path like a snare. For the last two days Schwung had been thinking: 'Well, now he's dead, and there'll no longer be anything to interfere with the Schwungian view of diminished responsibility"; his feelings flowed in great waves toward his old friend, and he had worked out his scene of farewell like a carefully regulated plan of mobilization, waiting only for the signal to be put into operation. But a drop of vinegar had fallen into his scenario, with sobering effect. Schwung had begun on a great wave of sentiment, but now he felt like some- one suddenly coming to his senses in the middle of a poem, and the last lines won't come. And so they confronted each other, a white stubby beard and white beard stubble, each with jaws implacably clenched.
'What's he going to do now? " Ulrich wondered, intent on the scene before him. But finally Hofrat Schwung's happy certainty that Paragraph 318 of the Penal Code would now be formulated in ac-
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 761
cordance with his own proposals prevailed over his irritation, and freed from angry thoughts, he would most have liked to start singing "Should auld acquaintance be forgot . . . "so as to give vent to his now entirely benevolent and undivided feelings. But since this was out of the question, he turned to Ulrich and said: "Listen to me, my friend's young son: It is the moral crisis that comes first; social decay is its consequence! " Then, turning to Agathe, he added: "It was the mark of greatness in your father that he was always ready to support an idealistic view struggling to prevail in the foundation of our laws. "
Then he seized one of Agathe's hands and one of Ulrich's, pressed them both, and exclaimed:
"Your father attached far too much importance to minor differ- ences of opinion, which are sometimes unavoidable in long years of collaboration. I was always convinced that he did so in order not to expose his delicate sense of justice to the slightest reproach. Many eminent scholars will be coming tomorrow to take their leave of him, but none of them will be the man he was! "
And so the encounter ended on a conciliatory note. When he left, Schwung even assured Ulrich that he might count on his father's friends in case he should still decide to take up an academic career.
Agathe had listened wide-eyed, contemplating the uncanny final form life gives to human beings. "It was like being in a forest of plas- ter trees! " she said to her brother afterward.
Ulrich smiled and said: ''I'm feeling as sentimental as a dog in moonlight. "
5
THEY DO WRONG
"Do you remember," Agathe asked him after a while, "how once when I was still very small, you were playing with some boys and fell into the water right up to your waist and tried to hide it? You sat at
762 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
lunch, with your visible top half dry, but your bottom half made your teeth start chattering! "
When he had been a boy home from boarding school on vaca- tion-this had actually been the only instance over a long period- and when the small shriveled corpse here had still been an almost all-powerful man for both of them, it was not uncommon for Ulrich to balk at admitting some fault, and he resisted showing remorse even when he could not deny what he had done. As a result, he had, on one occasion, caught a chill and had to be packed off to bed with an impressive fever.
"And all you got to eat was soup," Agathe said.
"That's true," her brother confirmed with a smile. At this moment the memory ofhis punishment, something ofno concern to him now, seemed no different than ifhe were seeing on the floor his tiny baby shoes, also of no concern to him now.
"Soup was all you would have got anyway, on account of your fever," Agathe said. "Still, it was also prescribed for you as a punish- ment. "
"That's true," Ulrich agreed again. "But of course it was done not in anger but in fulfillment of some idea of duty. " He didn't know what his sister was getting at. He was still seeing those baby shoes. Or not seeing them: he merely saw them as if he were seeing them. Feeling likewise the humiliations he had outgrown. And he thought: ''This having-nothing-to-do-with-me-anymore somehow expresses the fact that all our lives, we're somehow only half integrated with ourselves! "
"But you wouldn't have been allowed to eat anything but soup anyway! " Agathe reiterated, and added: "I think I've spent my whole life being afraid I might be the only person in the world who couldn't understand that sort of thing. "
Can the memories of two people talking of a past familiar to both not only supplement each other but coalesce even before they are uttered? Something of the kind was happening at this moment. A shared state of mind surprised and confused both brother and sister, like hands that come out of coats in places one would never expect and suddenly grasp each other. All at once they both knew more of the past than they had supposed they knew, and Ulrich was again seeing the fever light creeping up the walls like the glittering of the
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 763
candles in this room where they were now standing. And then his father had come in, waded through the cone oflight cast by the table lamp, and sat down by his bed.
"Ifyou did it without realizing the full extent of the consequences, your deed might well appear in a milder light. But in that case you would first have had to admit to yourself that it was so. " Perhaps these were phrases from the will or from those letters about Para- graph 318 foisted back onto that memory. Normally he could notre- member details or the way things were put, so there was something quite unusual in this recollection ofwhole sentences in formal array; it had something to do with his sister standing there before him, as though it were her proximity that was bringing about this change in him.
" 'Ifyou were capable, spontaneously and independent ofany out- ward necessity, of choosing to do something wrong, then you must also realize that you have behaved culpably,' " he continued, quoting his father aloud. "He must have talked that way to you too. "
"Perhaps not quite the same way," Agathe qualified this. 'With me, he usually allowed for mitigating circumstances arising from my psychological constitution. He was always instructing me that an act of the will is linked with a thought, that it is not a matter of acting on instinct. "
" 'It is the will,' " Ulrich quoted, " 'that, in the process of the grad- ual development of the understanding and the reason, must domi- nate the desires and, relative to them, the instincts, by means of reflection and the resolves consequent thereon. ' "
"Is that true? " his sister asked. 'Why do you ask? "
"Because I'm stupid, I suppose. '' "You're not stupid! "
"Learning always came hard to me, and I never quite understand. " "That hardly proves anything. "
"Then there must be something wrong with me, because I don't
assimilate what I do understand. "
They were close together, face-to-face, leaning against the jamb of
the doorway that had been left open when Professor Schwung took his departure. Daylight and candlelight played over their faces, and their voices intertwined as in a responsory. Ulrich went on intoning
764 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
his sentences like a liturgy, and Agathe's lips moved quietly in re- sponse. The old ordeal ofthose admonitions, which consisted in im- printing a hard, alien pattern on the tender, uncomprehending mind ofchildhood, gave them pleasure now, and they played with it.
And then, without having been prompted by anything preceding, Agathe exclaimed: "Just imagine this applied to the whole thing, and you have Gottlieb Hagauer. " And she proceeded to mimic her hus- band like a schoolgirl:" 'You mean to say you really don't know that Lamium album is the white dead nettle? ' 'But how else can we make progress except through the same hard process of induction that has brought our human race step by step through thousands ofyears, by painful labor full oferror, to our present level ofunderstanding, as at the hand of a faithful guide? ' 'Can't you see, my dear Agathe, that thinking is also a moral obligation? To concentrate is a constant struggle against one's indolence. ' 'Mental discipline is that training of the mind by means ofwhich a man becomes steadily more capable of working out a growing series of concepts rationally, always consist- ently questioning his own ideas, that is by means of flawless syllo- gisms categorical, hypothetical, or disjunctive, or by induction, and finally of submitting the conclusions gained to verification for as long as is necessary to bring all the concepts into agreement! ' "
Ulrich marveled at his sister's feat of memory. Agathe seemed to revel in the impeccable recitation ofthese pedantic dicta she had ap- propriated from God knew where, some book perhaps. She claimed that this was how Hagauer talked.
Ulrich did not believe it. "How could you remember such long, complicated sentences from only hearing them in conversation? ''
"They stuck in my mind," Agathe replied. "That's how I am. "
"Do you have any idea," Ulrich asked, astonished, "what a cate- gorical syllogism is, or a verification? ''
"Not the slightest! " Agathe admitted with a laugh. "Maybe he only read that somewhere himself. But that's the way he talks. I learned it by heart as a series of meaningless words by listening to him. I think it was out of anger because he talks like that. You're different from me; things lie inert in my mind because I don't know what to do with them-so much for my good memory. Because I'm stupid, I have a terrific memory! " She acted as though this contained a sad truth she would have to shake off in order to go on in her exuberant vein: "It's
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 765
the same even when he's playing tennis. 'When, in learning to play tennis, I deliberately for the first time place my racket in a certain position in order to give a specific new direction to the ball, which up to that point had been following the precise course I intended, then I intervene in the flow of phenomena: I am experimenting! ' "
"Is he a good tennis player? "
"I beat him six-love. "
They laughed.
"Do you realize," Ulrich said, "that with all the things you're mak-
ing Hagauer say, he's actually quite right? It just sounds funny. " "He may be right, for all I know," Agathe replied. "I don't under- stand any of it. But do you know that a boy in his class once translated a passage from Shakespeare quite literally, and the effect was touch- ing, beginning with 'Cowards die many times before their deaths,' and without any feeling for what the boy had done, Hagauer simply crossed it out and replaced it, word for word, with the old Schlegel
version!
"And I remember another instance, a passage from Pindar, I
think: 'The law of nature, King of all mortals and immortals, reigns supreme, approving extreme violence, with almighty hand,' and Hagauer polished it: 'The law of nature, that reigns over all mortals and immortals, rules with almighty hand, even approving violence. '
"And wasn't it lovely," she urged, "the way that little boy, whom he criticized, translated the words so literally it gave one the shivers, just the way he found them lying there like a collapsed heap of stones. " And she recited: " 'Cowards die so much before they die, I The brave ones just die once. I Among all the miracles, why should men fear death I Because it happens to everyone whenever it comes. ' " With her hand high around the doorpost as though it were a tree trunk, she flung out the boy's roughhewn version of Caesar's lines with a splendid wildness, quite oblivious of the poor shriveled body lying there under her youthful gaze alight with pride.
Frowning, Ulrich stared at his sister. "The person who won't try to 'restore' an old poem but leaves it in its decayed state, with half its meaning lost, is the same as the person who will never put a new marble nose on an old statue that has lost its own," he thought. "One could call it a sense of style, but that's not what it is. Nor is it the person whose imagination is so vivid that he doesn't mind when
766 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
something's missing. It's rather the person who cares nothing for perfection and accordingly doesn't demand that his feelings be 'whole' either. She's capable of kissing," he concluded with a sudden twist, "without her body going all to pieces over it. "
At this moment it seemed to him that he need know nothing more of his sister than her passionate declamation to realize that she, too, was only ever "half integrated" with herself, that she, like himself, was a person of"piecemeal passions. " This even made him forget the other side of his nature, which yearned for moderation and control. He could now have told his sister with certainty that nothing she did ever fitted in with her surroundings, but that all was dependent on some highly problematic vaster world, a world that begins nowhere and has no limits. This would satisfactorily explain the contradictory impressions of their first evening together. But his habitual reserve was stronger, and so he waited, curious and even slightly skeptical, to see how she would get herself down from the high limb she had got herself out on. She was still standing, with her arm raised against the doorpost, and one instant too many could spoil the whole effect. He detested women who behaved as though they had been brought into the world by a painter or a director, or who do an artful fade-out after such a moment of high excitement as Agathe's. "She could come down," he thought, "from this peak of enthusiasm with the dim-wit- ted look of a sleepwalker, like a medium coming out of a trance. She doesn't have much choice, and it's bound to be awkward. " But Agathe seemed to be aware of this herself, or possibly something in her brother's eye had put her on guard. She leapt gaily from her high limb, landed on both feet, and stuck out her tongue at him.
But then she was grave and quiet again, and without saying a word went to fetch the medals. And so brother and sister set about acting in defiance of their father's last will.
It was Agathe who did it. Ulrich felt shy about touching the de- fenseless old man lying there, but Agathe had a way of doing wrong that undercut any awareness of wrongdoing. Her movements of hand and eye were those of a woman tending a patient, and they had at times the spontaneous and appealing air of young animals who suddenly pause in their romping to make sure that their master is watching. The master took from her the decorations that had been removed and handed her the replicas. He was reminded of a thief
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 767
whose heart is in his mouth. And if he had the impression that the stars and crosses shone more brightly in his sister's hand than in his own, indeed as iftheywould turn into magical objects, it might really have been true in the greenish darkness in the room, filled with glim- merings of light reflected off the leaves of the big potted plants; or it might have been that he felt his sister's will, hesitantly taking the lead and youthfully seizing his. But since no conscious motive was to be recognized in this, there again arose in these moments of unalloyed contact an almost dimensionless and therefore intangibly powerful sense of their joint existence.
Now Agathe stopped; it was done. Yet something or other still re- mained, and after thinking about it for a while she said with a smile: "How about each of us writing something nice on a piece of paper and putting it in his pocket? "
This time, Ulrich instantly knew what she meant, for they did not have many such shared memories, and he recalled how, at a certain age, they had loved sad verses and stories in which someone died and was forgotten by everyone. It might perhaps have been the loneli- ness of their childhood that had brought this about, and they often made up such stories between them, but even then Agathe had been inclined to act them out, while Ulrich took the lead only in the more manly undertakings, which called for being bold and hard. And so it had been Agathe's idea, one day, that they each should cut off a fin- gernail to bury in the garden, and she even slipped a small lock of her blond hair in with the parings. Ulrich proudly declared that in a hun- dred years someone might stumble across these relics and wonder who it might have been, since he was concerned with making an ap- pearance in posterity; but for little Agathe the burial had been an end in itself. She had the feeling that she was hiding a part of herself, permanently removing it from the supervision of a world whose pedagogical demands always intimidated her even though she never thought very highly of them. And because that was when the cottage for the servants was being built at the bottom of the garden, they decided to do something special for it. They would write wonderful poems on two slips of paper, adding their names, to be bricked up in the walls. But whim they began writing these poems that were sup- posed to be so splendid, they couldn't think of anything to say, day after day, and the walls were already rising out of the foundations.
768 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
Finally, when it was almost too late, Agathe copied a sentence out of her arithmetic book, and Ulrich wrote: "I am . . . " and added his name. Nevertheless, their hearts were pounding furiously when they sneaked up on the two bricklayers at work in the garden, and Agathe simply threw her piece of paper in the ditch where they were stand- ing and ran off. But Ulrich, as the bigger and as a man even more frightened of being stopped and questioned by the astonished brick- layers, could move neither hand nor foot from excitement; so that Agathe, emboldened because nothing had happened to her, finally came back and took his slip from him. She then sauntered along with it innocently, inspected a brick at the end of a freshly laid row, lifted it, and slipped Ulrich's name into the wall before anyone could tum her away. Ulrich himself had hesitantly followed her and felt at the moment she did it the vise in which in his fright he had been gripped turning into a wheel of sharp knives whirling so rapidly in his chest that it threw off sparks like a flaming catherine wheel.
It was this incident to which Agathe was alluding now, and Ulrich gave no answer for the longest while, but smiled in a way that was meant to deter her, for repeating such a game with the dead man seemed taboo to him. But Agathe had already bent down, slid from her leg a wide silk garter that she wore to relieve the pull on her girdle, lifted the pall, and slipped it into her father's pocket.
And Ulrich? He could hardly believe his eyes to see this childhood memory restored to life.
He almost leapt forward to stop her, just because it was so completely out of order. But he caught in his sis- ter's eyes a flash of the dewy fresh innocence of early morning that is still untainted by any of the drab routines of the day, and it held him back.
"What do you think you're doing? " he admonished her softly. He did not know whether she was trying to propitiate the deceased be- cause he had been wronged, or doing him one last kindness because of all the wrong he had done himself. He could have asked, but the barbaric notion of sending the frosty dead man on his way with a garter still warm from his daughter's thigh tightened his throat and muddled his brain.
6
THE OLD GENTLEMAN IS FINALLY LEFT IN PEACE
The short time left before the funeral was filled with any number of unaccustomed small chores and passed quickly; in the last half hour before the departure of the deceased, the number of callers in black whose coming had run through all the hours like a black thread fi- nally became a black festival. The undertaker's men had intensified their hammering and scraping-with the gravity of a surgeon to whom one has entrusted one's life and from that moment on surren- dered any right to interfere-and had laid, through the untouched normality in the rest of the house, a gangway of ceremonial feeling, which ran from the entrance past the stairs into the room that held the coffin. The flowers and potted plants, the black cloth and crepe hangings, and the silver candelabra with trembling little golden tongues offlame, which received the visitors, knew their responsibil- ity better than Ulrich and Agathe, who had to represent the family and were obliged to welcome all who had come to pay their last re- spects, though they hardly knew who any of them were and would have been lost without their father's old servant, who unobtrusively prompted them whenever especially eminent guests appeared. All those who appeared glided up to them, glided past, and dropped an- chor somewhere in the room, alone or in little groups, motionlessly observing the brother and sister, whose expressions grew stiff with solemn restraint, until at last the funeral director-the same man who had given Ulrich the printed forms to sign and in this last half hour had dashed up and down the steps at least twenty times- bounded up to Ulrich from the side and, with the studiously modu- lated self-importance of an adjutant reporting to his general on parade, told him that all was ready.
To conduct the funeral cortege ceremoniously through the town-the mourners would only later be seated in their carriages- Ulrich had to take the lead on foot, flanked on one side by His Impe-
770 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
rial and Royal Majesty's representative, the Governor of the prov- ince, who had come in person to honor the final sleep of a member of the Upper House, and on the other by an equally high-ranking gen- tleman, the senior member ofthree from the Upper House, followed by the two other noblemen of that delegation, then by the Rector and Senate of the University. Only after these, though ahead of the interminable stream of silk hats topping off public figures of slowly diminishing importance and dignity, came Agathe, hemmed in by women in black and personifying the point where, among the peaks of officialdom, the sanctioned private grief had its place. For the un- regulated participation of those who had come "merely to show their sympathy" had its place only after those officially in attendance, and it is even possible that it may have consisted solely of the old serving couple trudging along by themselves behind the procession. Thus it was a procession composed mainly of men, and it was not Ulrich who walked at Agathe's side but her husband, Professor Hagauer, whose apple-cheeked face with the bristly caterpillar mustache above the upper lip had been rendered unfamiliar to her by its curious. dark- blue cast, produced by the thick black veil that allowed her to ob- serve him unseen. As for Ulrich, who had been spending the many preceding hours with his sister, he could not help feeling that the ancient protocol of funeral precedence, dating back to the medieval beginnings of the University, had tom her from his side, and he missed her without daring to turn around to look for her. He tried to think of something funny to make her laugh when they met again, but his thoughts were distracted by the Governor, pacing along si- lently beside him with his lordly bearing and occasionally addressing a quiet word to Ulrich, who had to catch it, along with the many other attentions being shown him by all the Excellencies, Lordships, and Worships, for he was looked upon as Count Leinsdorf's shadow, so that even the mistrust with which His Grace's patriotic campaign was gradually coming to be regarded added to Ulrich's prestige.
The curbs and the windows were filled with clusters of the curi- ous, and even though he knew it would all be over in an hour, like a theater performance, he nevertheless experienced everything hap- pening that day with a special vividness, and the universal concern with his personal fate weighed on his shoulders like a heavily braided cape. For the first time he felt the upright attitude of tradition. The
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 771
involvement that ran like a wave ahead of the procession, among the chatting crowds that lined the pavements, who fell silent and then breathed freely again; the spell cast by the clergy; the thudding of clods of earth on wood that one knew was coming; the dammed-up silence of the procession-all this plucked at the spinal cord as if it were some primordial musical instrument, and Ulrich was amazed to sense within himself an indescribable resonance whose vibrations buoyed up his whole body as though he were actually being borne along by the waves of ceremony around him. And as he was feeling closer to the others on this day, he imagined how it would be ifat this moment he were really striding forward in the original sense-half forgotten in the pomp it assumed in its present-dayform-as the real heir of a great power. The thought banished the sadness, and death was transmuted from a horrible private affair to a transition that was completed as a public ceremony. Gone was the gaping hole, stared at in dread, that every man whose presence one is accustomed to leaves behind in the first days after his disappearance, for his successor was already striding along in his place, the crowd breathing in homage to him, the funeral being at the same time a coming of age for him who now took up the sword and, for the first time without someone ahead of him, and alone, now walked toward his own end.
"I should have been the one," Ulrich surprised himself by think- ing, "to close my father's eyes! Not for his sake, or my own, but . . . " He did not know how to complete the thought. That he had neither liked his father, nor his father him, seemed a petty overestimation of personal importance in the face of this order of things; in the face of death, anyway, personal concerns had the stale taste of meaningless- ness, while everything that was of significance now seemed to ema- nate from the gigantic bodyofthe cortege moving slowlythrough the streets lined with people, no matter how much idleness, curiosity, and mindless conformity were intermingled with it.
Still, the music played on, it was a light, clear, dazzling day, and Ulrich's feelings wavered this way and that, like the canopy carried in procession above the Holy of Holies. Now and then he would see his own reflection in the glass panes of the hearse in front of him, his head with its hat, his shoulders, and from time to time he glimpsed on the floor of the hearse, beside the armorially resplendent coffin, little droppings of candle wax, never quite cleaned away from previ-
772 • THE MAN WITH0 UT QUALITIES
ous funerals, and he simply and without thinking felt sony for his father, as one feels sony for a dog run over in the street. Then his eyes grew moist, and when he gazed over all the blackness at the onlookers on the curb they looked like colorful sprinkled flowers, and the thought that it was he, Ulrich, who was seeing this, and not the man who had always lived here and who, moreover, loved cere- mony so much more than he did, was so peculiar that it seemed downright impossible that his father should miss seeing himself leav- ing the world, which he had, on the whole, regarded as a good world. Deeply moved as he was, however, Ulrich could not help noticing that the director or undertaker who was leading this Catholic funeral procession to the cemetery and keeping it in good order was a tall, muscular Jew in his thirties: graced with a long blond mustache, car- rying papers in his pocket like a courier, he dashed up and down, now straightening a horse's harness, now whispering some instruc- tion to the band. This reminded Ulrich further that his father's body had not been in the house on the last day but had been brought back to it only just before the funeral, in accordance with the old gentle- man's testamentary last wish, inspired by the free spirit of humanistic inquiry, to put his body at the disposal of science; after which ana- tomical intervention it was only natural to assume that the old gentle- man had been hurriedly sewn up again. Behind those shiny glass panes that reflected Ulrich's image, then, at the center of this great, beautiful, solemn pageantry, was an untidily recobbled object. 'With or without his decorations? " Ulrich wondered in dismay. He had for- gotten about it and had no idea whether his father had been dressed again in the lab before the closed coffin was returned to the house. And what about Agathe's garter? It could have been found-and he could imagine the jokes ofthe medical students. It was all extremely embarrassing, and so the protestations of the present again frag- mented his feeling into myriad details, after it had for a moment al- most rounded itselfout into the smooth shell ofa living dream. All he could feel now was the absurdity, the confused wavering nature of human order, and of himself.
"Now I'm all alone in the world," he thought. "A mooring rope has snapped-up I go! " This echo of his first sensation on receiving the news ofhis father's death now once more expressed his feelings as he walked on between the walls of people.
7
A LETTER FROM CLARISSE ARRIVES
Ulrich had not left his address with anyone, but Clarisse had it from Walter, who knew it as well as he knew his own childhood.
She wrote:
My darling-my duckling-my ling!
Do you know what a ling is? I can't work it out. Could Walter
be a weakling? [All the "lings" were heavily underlined. ]
Do you think I was drunk when I came to you? I can't get
drunk. (Men get drunk before I do. An amazing fact. )
But I don't know what I said to you; I can't remember. I'm
afraid you imagine I said things I never said. I never said them. But this is supposed to be a letter-in a minute! But first: You
know how dreams open up. You know how, when you're dreaming, sometimes: you've been there before, you've talked with that person already, or-it's like finding your memory again.
Being awake means knowing I've been awake.
(I have sleepmates. )
Do you still remember who Moosbrugger is? There's something I have to tell you:
Suddenly, there was his name again.
Those three musical syllables.
But music is fakery. I mean, when it's by itself. Music by itself is for aesthetes or something like that; no vitality. But music combined with vision, that makes the walls shake and the life of those to come rise up out of the grave of the present. Those three musical syllables, I didn't just hear them, I saw them. They loomed up in my memory! Then suddenly you know: Where these appear, there's something more. Why, I once wrote your Count a letter about Moosbrugger-how could I possibly have forgotten that! Now I hear-see a world in which the things stand still and the people move around, just as you've always known it,
773
774 · THE MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES
but in sound that's visible! I don't know how to describe it exactly, because only three syllables have shown up so far. Can you understand that? It may be too soon to talk about it.
I told Walter: "I must meet Moosbrugger! "
Walter asked: "Who's Moosbrugger? "
I told him: "Ulo's friend the murderer. "
We were reading the paper; it was morning, time for Walter to
go to the office. Remember how we used to read the paper together, the three of us? (You have a poor memory, you won't remember! ) So I had just unfolded the part of the paper Walter had handed me, one arm left, one right: suddenly I feel hard wood, I'm nailed to the Cross. I ask Walter: 'Wasn't it only yesterday that there was something in the paper about a train wreck near Budweis? "
"Yes," he says. 'Why do you ask? A minor accident, one person killed, or two. "
After a while I say: "Because there's been an accident in America too. Where's Pennsylvania? "
He doesn't know. "In America," he says.
I say: "Those engineers never have a head-on collision on purpose! "
He looks at me. I could tell he didn't understand. "Of course not," he says.
I ask him when Siegmund's coming. He's not sure.
So there you are: of course the engineers don't deliberately drive their locomotives into each other head-on; but why else do they do it? I'll tell you why. That monstrous network oftracks, switches, and signals that covers the whole globe drains our conscience ofall its power. Because ifwe had the strength to check ourselves just once more, to go over everything we had to do once more, we would do what was necessary every time and avoid the disaster. The disaster is that we holt before the next-to-last stepI
Of course we can't expect Walter to realize this at once. I think that I'm capable of achieving this immense power of conscience, and I had to shut my eyes so Walter wouldn't see the lightning flash in them.
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 775
For all these reasons I regard it as my duty to get to know Moosbrugger.
You know my brother Siegmund is a doctor. He'll help me. I was waiting for him.
Last Sunday he came.
When he's introduced to someone he says: "But I'm neither
. . . nor musical. " That's his sort ofjoke. Just because his name is Siegmund he doesn't want to be thought to be either a Jew or musical. He was conceived in a Wagnerian ecstasy. You can't get him to give a sensible answer to anything. All the time I was talking to him he only muttered some nonsense or other. He threw a rock at a bird, he bored holes in the snow with his stick. He wanted to shovel out a path too; he often comes to work in our garden, because, as he says, he doesn't like staying home with his wife and children. Funny that you've never met him. "You two have the Fleurs du mal and a vegetable garden! " he says. I pulled his ears and punched him in the ribs, but it did no good whatsoever.
Then we went indoors to Walter, who of course was sitting at the piano, and Siegmund had his jacket under his arm and his hands were all dirty.
"Siegmund," I said to him in front ofWalter, "when do you understand a piece of music? "
He grinned and answered: "Absolutely never. "
"When you play it inside yourself," I said. "When do you understand another human being? When you feel with him. Feel with him" That's a great mystery, Ulrich! You have to be like him: not by putting yourself into him but by taking him out into yourself! W e redeem outward: that's the strong way! W e fall in with people's actions, but we fill them out and rise above them.
Sorry to be writing so much about this. But the trains collide because our conscience doesn't take that final step. Worlds don't materialize unless we pull them. More of this another time. The man ofgenius is duty bound to attack! He has the mysterious power required. But Siegmund, the coward, looked at his watch and mentioned supper, because he had to go home. You know, Siegmund always tries to find the balance between the blase
776 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
attitude of the seasoned physician who has no very high opinion of the ability of his profession, and the blase attitude of the contemporary person who has transcended the intellectual and already rediscovered the hygiene ofthe simple life and gardening. But Walter shouted: "Oh, for God's sake, why are you two talking such nonsense? What do you want with this Moosbrugger anyway? " And that was a help.
Because then Siegmund said: "He's neither insane nor a criminal, that's true. But what if Clarisse has a notion that she can do something for him? I'm a doctor, and I have to let the hospital chaplain imagine the same sort ofthing! Redeem him, she says! Well, why not let her at least see him? ''
He brushed off his trousers, adopted an air of serenity, and washed his hands; we worked it all out over supper.
Now we've already been to see Dr. Friedenthal; he's the deputy medical officer Siegmund knows. Siegmund said straight out that he'd take the responsibility for bringing me in under some sort of false pretenses, as a writer who would like to see the man.
But that was a mistake, because when it was put to him so openly, Dr. Friedenthal could only refuse. "Even ifyou were Selma Lagerlof I'd be delighted to see you, of course, as I am in any case, but here we recognize only a scientific interest. "
It was rather fun to be called a writer. I looked him straight in the eye and said: "In this situation I count for mqre than Selma Lagerlof, because I'm not doing it for 'research. '"
He looked at me, and then he said: "The only thing I can suggest is for you to bring a letter of introduction from your embassy to the superintendent of the clinic. " He took me for a foreign writer, not realizing that I was Siegmund's sister.
We finally agreed that I would not be coming to see Moosbrugger the psychiatric patient but Moosbrugger the prisoner. Siegmund got me a letter of introduction from a charitable organization and a permit from the District Court. Afterward Siegmund told me that Dr. Friedentha1 regards psychiatry as a science that's half art, and called him the ringmaster of a demons' circus. I rather liked that.
What I liked best was that the clinic is housed in an old
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 777
monastery. We had to wait in the corridor, and the lecture hall is in a chapel. It has huge Gothic windows, and I could see inside from across the courtyard. The patients are dressed in white, and they sit up on the dais with the professor. And the professor bends over their chairs in a friendly way. I thought: "Maybe they'll bring Moosbrugger in now. " I felt like flying into the lecture hall through that tall window. You'll say I can't fly: jump through the window, then? But I'd never have jumped; that was not how I felt at all.
I hope you'll be coming back soon. One can never express things. Least of all in a letter.
This was signed, heavily underlined, "Clarisse. "
8
A FAMILY OF TWO
Ulrich says: "When two men or women have to share a room for any length of time when traveling-in a sleeping car or a crowded hotel-they're often apt to strike up an odd sort offriendship. Every- one has his own way of using mouthwash or bending over to take off his shoes or bending his leg when he gets into bed. Clothes and un- derwear are basically the same, yet they reveal to the eye innumera- ble little individual differences. At first-probably because of the hypertensive individualism of our current way of life--there's are- sistance like a faint revulsion that keeps the other person at arm's length, guarding against any invasion into one's own personality. Once that is overcome a communal life develops, which reveals its unusual origin like a scar. At this point many people behave more cheerfully than usual; most become more innocuous; many more talkative; almost all more friendly. The personality is changed; one might almost say that under the skin it has been exchanged for a less
778 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
idiosyncratic one: the Me is displaced by the beginnings-clearly un- easy and perceived as a diminution, and yet irresistibl~fa We. "
Agathe replies: "This revulsion from closeness affects women es- pecially. I've never learned to feel at ease with women myself. "
"You'll find it between a man and a woman too," Ulrich says. "But there it's covered up by the obligatory rituals of love, which immedi- ately claim all attention. But more often than you might think, those involved wake suddenly from their trance and find-with amaze- ment, irony, or panic, depending on their individual temperament- some totally alien being ensconced at their side; indeed, some people experience this even after many years. Then they can't tell which is more natural: their bond with others or the self's bruised recoil from that bond into the illusion of its uniqueness-both impulses are in our nature, after all. And they're both entangled with the idea of the family. Life within the family is not a full life: Young people feel robbed, diminished, not fully at home with themselves within the cir- cle of the family. Look at elderly, unmarried daughters: they've been sucked dry by the family, drained of their blood; they've become quite peculiar hybrids of the Me and the We. "
Clarisse's letter came as a disturbance to Ulrich. The manic out- bursts in it bother him much less than the steady and quasi-rational working out of some obviously demented scheme deep within her. He has told himself that after his return he will have to talk to Walter about it, and since then he has deliberately been speaking of other things.
Agathe, stretched out on the couch with one knee drawn up, ea- gerly picks up what he has just said: "You yourself are explaining, with what you're saying, why I had to marry again! "
"And yet there is also something in the so-called sanctity of the family, in the entering into one another, serving one another, the selfless movement within a closed circle .
758 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
ness but left it unsigned and undated, with instructions for Ulrich to date it at the hour of his father's death, then sign it together with his sister Agathe as proxies, as can be done with an oral will when a dying man no longer has the strength to sign his name. Actually, he was, without wanting to admit it, an odd fish, this little old man who had always submitted to the hierarchies of existence and defended them as their most zealous servant while stifling within himself all sorts of rebellious impulses, for which, in his chosen course of life, he could never find an outlet. Ulrich was reminded of the death notice he had received, which had probably been dictated in the same frame of mind; he even almost recognized a certain kinship with himself in it, though not resentfully this time but with compassion, at least in the sense that he could see how the old man's lifelong frustration at not being able to express his feelings must have led to his being in- furiated to the point of hatred by this son who made life easy for himself by taking unpardonable liberties. For this is how the ways of sons always appear to fathers, and Ulrich felt a twinge offilial sympa- thy as he thought of all that was still unresolved inside himself. But he no longer had time to find some appropriate expression for all this that Agathe would also understand; he had just begun when a man swung with great energy into the twilit room. He strode in, hurled forward by his own energy right into the shimmer of the candlelight, before the derailed old servant could catch up to announce him. He lifted his arm in another wide sweep to shield his eyes with his hand, one step from the bier.
"My revered friend! " the visitor intoned sonorously. And the little old man lay with clenched jaws in the presence of his enemy Schwung.
"Ah, my dear young friends," Professor Schwung continued: "Above us the majesty of the stany firmament, within us the majesty of the moral law! " With veiled eyes he gazed down upon his faculty colleague. 'Within this breast now cold there lived the majesty ofthe moral law! " Only then did he turn around to shake hands with the brother and sister.
Ulrich took this first opportunity to acquit himself of his charge.
"You and my father were unfortunately at odds with each other lately, sir? " he opened cautiously.
For a moment the graybeard did not seem to catch his meaning.
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 759
"Differences of opinion, hardly worth mentioning! " he replied mag- nanimously, gazing earnestly at the deceased. But when Ulrich po- litely persisted, hinting that a last will was involved, the situation in the room suddenly became tense, the way it does in a low-down dive when everyone knows someone has just drawn a knife under the table and in a moment all hell will break loose. So even with his last gasp the old boy had managed to gall his colleague Schwung! Enmity of such long standing had of course long since ceased to be a feeling and become a habit; provided something or other did not happen to stir up the hostility afresh, it simply ceased to exist. There was only the accumulated experience of countless grating episodes in the past, which had coagulated into a contemptuous opinion each held of the other, an opinion as unaffected by the flux of emotion as any unbiased truth would be. Professor Schwung felt this just as his an- tagonist, now dead, had felt it. Forgiveness seemed to him quite childish and beside the point, for that one relenting impulse before the end-merely a feeling at that, not a professional admission of error-naturally counted for nothing against the experiences ofyears of controversy and, as Schwung saw it, could only serve, and rather brazenly, to put him in the wrong if he should take advantage of his victory. But this had nothing to do with Professor Schwung's need to take leave of his dead friend. Good Lord, they had known each other back at the start of their academic careers, before either of them was married! Do you remember that evening in the Burggarten, how we drank to the setting sun and argued about Hegel? However many sunsets there may have been since then, that's the one I always re- member. And do you remember our first professional disagreement, which almost made enemies of us way back then? Those were the days! Now you are dead, and I'm still on my feet, I'm glad to say, even though I'm standing by your coffin.
Such are the feelings, as everyone knows, of elderly people faced with the death of their contemporaries. When we come into the sere and yellow leaf, poetry breaks out. Many people who have not turned a verse since their seventeenth year suddenly write a poem at sev- enty-seven, when drawing up their last will. Just as at the Last Judg- ment the dead shall be called forth one by one, even though they have long been at rest at the bottom of time together with their cen- turies, like the cargoes of foundered ships, so too, in the last will,
760 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
things are summoned by name and have their personalities, worn away by use, restored to them: "The Bokhara rug with the cigar burn, in my study . . . " is the sort of thing one reads in such final disposi- tions, or "The umbrella with the rhinoceros-hom handle that I bought at Sunshine & Winter's in May 1887 . . . "Even the bundles of securities are named and invoked individually by number.
Nor is it chance that, as each object lights up again for the last time, the longing should arise to attach to it a moral, an admonition, a blessing, a principle, to cast one last spell on so many unreckoned things that rise up once more as one feels oneself sinking. And so, together with the poetry of testament-making time, philosophy too awakens; usually an ancient and dusty philosophy, understandably enough, hauled out from where it had been forgotten fifty years ear- lier. Ulrich suddenly realized that neither of these two old men could possibly have given way. "Let life take care of itself, as long as princi- ples remain intact! " is an appropriate sentiment when a person knows that in a few months or years he will be outlived by those very principles. And it was plain to see how the two impulses were still contending with each other in the old academician: His romanticism, his youth, his poetic side, demanded a fine, sweeping gesture and a noble statement; his philosophy, on the other hand, insisted on keep- ing the law of reason untainted by sudden eruptions of feeling and sentimental lapses such as his dead opponent had placed on his path like a snare. For the last two days Schwung had been thinking: 'Well, now he's dead, and there'll no longer be anything to interfere with the Schwungian view of diminished responsibility"; his feelings flowed in great waves toward his old friend, and he had worked out his scene of farewell like a carefully regulated plan of mobilization, waiting only for the signal to be put into operation. But a drop of vinegar had fallen into his scenario, with sobering effect. Schwung had begun on a great wave of sentiment, but now he felt like some- one suddenly coming to his senses in the middle of a poem, and the last lines won't come. And so they confronted each other, a white stubby beard and white beard stubble, each with jaws implacably clenched.
'What's he going to do now? " Ulrich wondered, intent on the scene before him. But finally Hofrat Schwung's happy certainty that Paragraph 318 of the Penal Code would now be formulated in ac-
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 761
cordance with his own proposals prevailed over his irritation, and freed from angry thoughts, he would most have liked to start singing "Should auld acquaintance be forgot . . . "so as to give vent to his now entirely benevolent and undivided feelings. But since this was out of the question, he turned to Ulrich and said: "Listen to me, my friend's young son: It is the moral crisis that comes first; social decay is its consequence! " Then, turning to Agathe, he added: "It was the mark of greatness in your father that he was always ready to support an idealistic view struggling to prevail in the foundation of our laws. "
Then he seized one of Agathe's hands and one of Ulrich's, pressed them both, and exclaimed:
"Your father attached far too much importance to minor differ- ences of opinion, which are sometimes unavoidable in long years of collaboration. I was always convinced that he did so in order not to expose his delicate sense of justice to the slightest reproach. Many eminent scholars will be coming tomorrow to take their leave of him, but none of them will be the man he was! "
And so the encounter ended on a conciliatory note. When he left, Schwung even assured Ulrich that he might count on his father's friends in case he should still decide to take up an academic career.
Agathe had listened wide-eyed, contemplating the uncanny final form life gives to human beings. "It was like being in a forest of plas- ter trees! " she said to her brother afterward.
Ulrich smiled and said: ''I'm feeling as sentimental as a dog in moonlight. "
5
THEY DO WRONG
"Do you remember," Agathe asked him after a while, "how once when I was still very small, you were playing with some boys and fell into the water right up to your waist and tried to hide it? You sat at
762 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
lunch, with your visible top half dry, but your bottom half made your teeth start chattering! "
When he had been a boy home from boarding school on vaca- tion-this had actually been the only instance over a long period- and when the small shriveled corpse here had still been an almost all-powerful man for both of them, it was not uncommon for Ulrich to balk at admitting some fault, and he resisted showing remorse even when he could not deny what he had done. As a result, he had, on one occasion, caught a chill and had to be packed off to bed with an impressive fever.
"And all you got to eat was soup," Agathe said.
"That's true," her brother confirmed with a smile. At this moment the memory ofhis punishment, something ofno concern to him now, seemed no different than ifhe were seeing on the floor his tiny baby shoes, also of no concern to him now.
"Soup was all you would have got anyway, on account of your fever," Agathe said. "Still, it was also prescribed for you as a punish- ment. "
"That's true," Ulrich agreed again. "But of course it was done not in anger but in fulfillment of some idea of duty. " He didn't know what his sister was getting at. He was still seeing those baby shoes. Or not seeing them: he merely saw them as if he were seeing them. Feeling likewise the humiliations he had outgrown. And he thought: ''This having-nothing-to-do-with-me-anymore somehow expresses the fact that all our lives, we're somehow only half integrated with ourselves! "
"But you wouldn't have been allowed to eat anything but soup anyway! " Agathe reiterated, and added: "I think I've spent my whole life being afraid I might be the only person in the world who couldn't understand that sort of thing. "
Can the memories of two people talking of a past familiar to both not only supplement each other but coalesce even before they are uttered? Something of the kind was happening at this moment. A shared state of mind surprised and confused both brother and sister, like hands that come out of coats in places one would never expect and suddenly grasp each other. All at once they both knew more of the past than they had supposed they knew, and Ulrich was again seeing the fever light creeping up the walls like the glittering of the
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 763
candles in this room where they were now standing. And then his father had come in, waded through the cone oflight cast by the table lamp, and sat down by his bed.
"Ifyou did it without realizing the full extent of the consequences, your deed might well appear in a milder light. But in that case you would first have had to admit to yourself that it was so. " Perhaps these were phrases from the will or from those letters about Para- graph 318 foisted back onto that memory. Normally he could notre- member details or the way things were put, so there was something quite unusual in this recollection ofwhole sentences in formal array; it had something to do with his sister standing there before him, as though it were her proximity that was bringing about this change in him.
" 'Ifyou were capable, spontaneously and independent ofany out- ward necessity, of choosing to do something wrong, then you must also realize that you have behaved culpably,' " he continued, quoting his father aloud. "He must have talked that way to you too. "
"Perhaps not quite the same way," Agathe qualified this. 'With me, he usually allowed for mitigating circumstances arising from my psychological constitution. He was always instructing me that an act of the will is linked with a thought, that it is not a matter of acting on instinct. "
" 'It is the will,' " Ulrich quoted, " 'that, in the process of the grad- ual development of the understanding and the reason, must domi- nate the desires and, relative to them, the instincts, by means of reflection and the resolves consequent thereon. ' "
"Is that true? " his sister asked. 'Why do you ask? "
"Because I'm stupid, I suppose. '' "You're not stupid! "
"Learning always came hard to me, and I never quite understand. " "That hardly proves anything. "
"Then there must be something wrong with me, because I don't
assimilate what I do understand. "
They were close together, face-to-face, leaning against the jamb of
the doorway that had been left open when Professor Schwung took his departure. Daylight and candlelight played over their faces, and their voices intertwined as in a responsory. Ulrich went on intoning
764 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
his sentences like a liturgy, and Agathe's lips moved quietly in re- sponse. The old ordeal ofthose admonitions, which consisted in im- printing a hard, alien pattern on the tender, uncomprehending mind ofchildhood, gave them pleasure now, and they played with it.
And then, without having been prompted by anything preceding, Agathe exclaimed: "Just imagine this applied to the whole thing, and you have Gottlieb Hagauer. " And she proceeded to mimic her hus- band like a schoolgirl:" 'You mean to say you really don't know that Lamium album is the white dead nettle? ' 'But how else can we make progress except through the same hard process of induction that has brought our human race step by step through thousands ofyears, by painful labor full oferror, to our present level ofunderstanding, as at the hand of a faithful guide? ' 'Can't you see, my dear Agathe, that thinking is also a moral obligation? To concentrate is a constant struggle against one's indolence. ' 'Mental discipline is that training of the mind by means ofwhich a man becomes steadily more capable of working out a growing series of concepts rationally, always consist- ently questioning his own ideas, that is by means of flawless syllo- gisms categorical, hypothetical, or disjunctive, or by induction, and finally of submitting the conclusions gained to verification for as long as is necessary to bring all the concepts into agreement! ' "
Ulrich marveled at his sister's feat of memory. Agathe seemed to revel in the impeccable recitation ofthese pedantic dicta she had ap- propriated from God knew where, some book perhaps. She claimed that this was how Hagauer talked.
Ulrich did not believe it. "How could you remember such long, complicated sentences from only hearing them in conversation? ''
"They stuck in my mind," Agathe replied. "That's how I am. "
"Do you have any idea," Ulrich asked, astonished, "what a cate- gorical syllogism is, or a verification? ''
"Not the slightest! " Agathe admitted with a laugh. "Maybe he only read that somewhere himself. But that's the way he talks. I learned it by heart as a series of meaningless words by listening to him. I think it was out of anger because he talks like that. You're different from me; things lie inert in my mind because I don't know what to do with them-so much for my good memory. Because I'm stupid, I have a terrific memory! " She acted as though this contained a sad truth she would have to shake off in order to go on in her exuberant vein: "It's
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 765
the same even when he's playing tennis. 'When, in learning to play tennis, I deliberately for the first time place my racket in a certain position in order to give a specific new direction to the ball, which up to that point had been following the precise course I intended, then I intervene in the flow of phenomena: I am experimenting! ' "
"Is he a good tennis player? "
"I beat him six-love. "
They laughed.
"Do you realize," Ulrich said, "that with all the things you're mak-
ing Hagauer say, he's actually quite right? It just sounds funny. " "He may be right, for all I know," Agathe replied. "I don't under- stand any of it. But do you know that a boy in his class once translated a passage from Shakespeare quite literally, and the effect was touch- ing, beginning with 'Cowards die many times before their deaths,' and without any feeling for what the boy had done, Hagauer simply crossed it out and replaced it, word for word, with the old Schlegel
version!
"And I remember another instance, a passage from Pindar, I
think: 'The law of nature, King of all mortals and immortals, reigns supreme, approving extreme violence, with almighty hand,' and Hagauer polished it: 'The law of nature, that reigns over all mortals and immortals, rules with almighty hand, even approving violence. '
"And wasn't it lovely," she urged, "the way that little boy, whom he criticized, translated the words so literally it gave one the shivers, just the way he found them lying there like a collapsed heap of stones. " And she recited: " 'Cowards die so much before they die, I The brave ones just die once. I Among all the miracles, why should men fear death I Because it happens to everyone whenever it comes. ' " With her hand high around the doorpost as though it were a tree trunk, she flung out the boy's roughhewn version of Caesar's lines with a splendid wildness, quite oblivious of the poor shriveled body lying there under her youthful gaze alight with pride.
Frowning, Ulrich stared at his sister. "The person who won't try to 'restore' an old poem but leaves it in its decayed state, with half its meaning lost, is the same as the person who will never put a new marble nose on an old statue that has lost its own," he thought. "One could call it a sense of style, but that's not what it is. Nor is it the person whose imagination is so vivid that he doesn't mind when
766 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
something's missing. It's rather the person who cares nothing for perfection and accordingly doesn't demand that his feelings be 'whole' either. She's capable of kissing," he concluded with a sudden twist, "without her body going all to pieces over it. "
At this moment it seemed to him that he need know nothing more of his sister than her passionate declamation to realize that she, too, was only ever "half integrated" with herself, that she, like himself, was a person of"piecemeal passions. " This even made him forget the other side of his nature, which yearned for moderation and control. He could now have told his sister with certainty that nothing she did ever fitted in with her surroundings, but that all was dependent on some highly problematic vaster world, a world that begins nowhere and has no limits. This would satisfactorily explain the contradictory impressions of their first evening together. But his habitual reserve was stronger, and so he waited, curious and even slightly skeptical, to see how she would get herself down from the high limb she had got herself out on. She was still standing, with her arm raised against the doorpost, and one instant too many could spoil the whole effect. He detested women who behaved as though they had been brought into the world by a painter or a director, or who do an artful fade-out after such a moment of high excitement as Agathe's. "She could come down," he thought, "from this peak of enthusiasm with the dim-wit- ted look of a sleepwalker, like a medium coming out of a trance. She doesn't have much choice, and it's bound to be awkward. " But Agathe seemed to be aware of this herself, or possibly something in her brother's eye had put her on guard. She leapt gaily from her high limb, landed on both feet, and stuck out her tongue at him.
But then she was grave and quiet again, and without saying a word went to fetch the medals. And so brother and sister set about acting in defiance of their father's last will.
It was Agathe who did it. Ulrich felt shy about touching the de- fenseless old man lying there, but Agathe had a way of doing wrong that undercut any awareness of wrongdoing. Her movements of hand and eye were those of a woman tending a patient, and they had at times the spontaneous and appealing air of young animals who suddenly pause in their romping to make sure that their master is watching. The master took from her the decorations that had been removed and handed her the replicas. He was reminded of a thief
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whose heart is in his mouth. And if he had the impression that the stars and crosses shone more brightly in his sister's hand than in his own, indeed as iftheywould turn into magical objects, it might really have been true in the greenish darkness in the room, filled with glim- merings of light reflected off the leaves of the big potted plants; or it might have been that he felt his sister's will, hesitantly taking the lead and youthfully seizing his. But since no conscious motive was to be recognized in this, there again arose in these moments of unalloyed contact an almost dimensionless and therefore intangibly powerful sense of their joint existence.
Now Agathe stopped; it was done. Yet something or other still re- mained, and after thinking about it for a while she said with a smile: "How about each of us writing something nice on a piece of paper and putting it in his pocket? "
This time, Ulrich instantly knew what she meant, for they did not have many such shared memories, and he recalled how, at a certain age, they had loved sad verses and stories in which someone died and was forgotten by everyone. It might perhaps have been the loneli- ness of their childhood that had brought this about, and they often made up such stories between them, but even then Agathe had been inclined to act them out, while Ulrich took the lead only in the more manly undertakings, which called for being bold and hard. And so it had been Agathe's idea, one day, that they each should cut off a fin- gernail to bury in the garden, and she even slipped a small lock of her blond hair in with the parings. Ulrich proudly declared that in a hun- dred years someone might stumble across these relics and wonder who it might have been, since he was concerned with making an ap- pearance in posterity; but for little Agathe the burial had been an end in itself. She had the feeling that she was hiding a part of herself, permanently removing it from the supervision of a world whose pedagogical demands always intimidated her even though she never thought very highly of them. And because that was when the cottage for the servants was being built at the bottom of the garden, they decided to do something special for it. They would write wonderful poems on two slips of paper, adding their names, to be bricked up in the walls. But whim they began writing these poems that were sup- posed to be so splendid, they couldn't think of anything to say, day after day, and the walls were already rising out of the foundations.
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Finally, when it was almost too late, Agathe copied a sentence out of her arithmetic book, and Ulrich wrote: "I am . . . " and added his name. Nevertheless, their hearts were pounding furiously when they sneaked up on the two bricklayers at work in the garden, and Agathe simply threw her piece of paper in the ditch where they were stand- ing and ran off. But Ulrich, as the bigger and as a man even more frightened of being stopped and questioned by the astonished brick- layers, could move neither hand nor foot from excitement; so that Agathe, emboldened because nothing had happened to her, finally came back and took his slip from him. She then sauntered along with it innocently, inspected a brick at the end of a freshly laid row, lifted it, and slipped Ulrich's name into the wall before anyone could tum her away. Ulrich himself had hesitantly followed her and felt at the moment she did it the vise in which in his fright he had been gripped turning into a wheel of sharp knives whirling so rapidly in his chest that it threw off sparks like a flaming catherine wheel.
It was this incident to which Agathe was alluding now, and Ulrich gave no answer for the longest while, but smiled in a way that was meant to deter her, for repeating such a game with the dead man seemed taboo to him. But Agathe had already bent down, slid from her leg a wide silk garter that she wore to relieve the pull on her girdle, lifted the pall, and slipped it into her father's pocket.
And Ulrich? He could hardly believe his eyes to see this childhood memory restored to life.
He almost leapt forward to stop her, just because it was so completely out of order. But he caught in his sis- ter's eyes a flash of the dewy fresh innocence of early morning that is still untainted by any of the drab routines of the day, and it held him back.
"What do you think you're doing? " he admonished her softly. He did not know whether she was trying to propitiate the deceased be- cause he had been wronged, or doing him one last kindness because of all the wrong he had done himself. He could have asked, but the barbaric notion of sending the frosty dead man on his way with a garter still warm from his daughter's thigh tightened his throat and muddled his brain.
6
THE OLD GENTLEMAN IS FINALLY LEFT IN PEACE
The short time left before the funeral was filled with any number of unaccustomed small chores and passed quickly; in the last half hour before the departure of the deceased, the number of callers in black whose coming had run through all the hours like a black thread fi- nally became a black festival. The undertaker's men had intensified their hammering and scraping-with the gravity of a surgeon to whom one has entrusted one's life and from that moment on surren- dered any right to interfere-and had laid, through the untouched normality in the rest of the house, a gangway of ceremonial feeling, which ran from the entrance past the stairs into the room that held the coffin. The flowers and potted plants, the black cloth and crepe hangings, and the silver candelabra with trembling little golden tongues offlame, which received the visitors, knew their responsibil- ity better than Ulrich and Agathe, who had to represent the family and were obliged to welcome all who had come to pay their last re- spects, though they hardly knew who any of them were and would have been lost without their father's old servant, who unobtrusively prompted them whenever especially eminent guests appeared. All those who appeared glided up to them, glided past, and dropped an- chor somewhere in the room, alone or in little groups, motionlessly observing the brother and sister, whose expressions grew stiff with solemn restraint, until at last the funeral director-the same man who had given Ulrich the printed forms to sign and in this last half hour had dashed up and down the steps at least twenty times- bounded up to Ulrich from the side and, with the studiously modu- lated self-importance of an adjutant reporting to his general on parade, told him that all was ready.
To conduct the funeral cortege ceremoniously through the town-the mourners would only later be seated in their carriages- Ulrich had to take the lead on foot, flanked on one side by His Impe-
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rial and Royal Majesty's representative, the Governor of the prov- ince, who had come in person to honor the final sleep of a member of the Upper House, and on the other by an equally high-ranking gen- tleman, the senior member ofthree from the Upper House, followed by the two other noblemen of that delegation, then by the Rector and Senate of the University. Only after these, though ahead of the interminable stream of silk hats topping off public figures of slowly diminishing importance and dignity, came Agathe, hemmed in by women in black and personifying the point where, among the peaks of officialdom, the sanctioned private grief had its place. For the un- regulated participation of those who had come "merely to show their sympathy" had its place only after those officially in attendance, and it is even possible that it may have consisted solely of the old serving couple trudging along by themselves behind the procession. Thus it was a procession composed mainly of men, and it was not Ulrich who walked at Agathe's side but her husband, Professor Hagauer, whose apple-cheeked face with the bristly caterpillar mustache above the upper lip had been rendered unfamiliar to her by its curious. dark- blue cast, produced by the thick black veil that allowed her to ob- serve him unseen. As for Ulrich, who had been spending the many preceding hours with his sister, he could not help feeling that the ancient protocol of funeral precedence, dating back to the medieval beginnings of the University, had tom her from his side, and he missed her without daring to turn around to look for her. He tried to think of something funny to make her laugh when they met again, but his thoughts were distracted by the Governor, pacing along si- lently beside him with his lordly bearing and occasionally addressing a quiet word to Ulrich, who had to catch it, along with the many other attentions being shown him by all the Excellencies, Lordships, and Worships, for he was looked upon as Count Leinsdorf's shadow, so that even the mistrust with which His Grace's patriotic campaign was gradually coming to be regarded added to Ulrich's prestige.
The curbs and the windows were filled with clusters of the curi- ous, and even though he knew it would all be over in an hour, like a theater performance, he nevertheless experienced everything hap- pening that day with a special vividness, and the universal concern with his personal fate weighed on his shoulders like a heavily braided cape. For the first time he felt the upright attitude of tradition. The
Into the Millennium (The Criminals) · 771
involvement that ran like a wave ahead of the procession, among the chatting crowds that lined the pavements, who fell silent and then breathed freely again; the spell cast by the clergy; the thudding of clods of earth on wood that one knew was coming; the dammed-up silence of the procession-all this plucked at the spinal cord as if it were some primordial musical instrument, and Ulrich was amazed to sense within himself an indescribable resonance whose vibrations buoyed up his whole body as though he were actually being borne along by the waves of ceremony around him. And as he was feeling closer to the others on this day, he imagined how it would be ifat this moment he were really striding forward in the original sense-half forgotten in the pomp it assumed in its present-dayform-as the real heir of a great power. The thought banished the sadness, and death was transmuted from a horrible private affair to a transition that was completed as a public ceremony. Gone was the gaping hole, stared at in dread, that every man whose presence one is accustomed to leaves behind in the first days after his disappearance, for his successor was already striding along in his place, the crowd breathing in homage to him, the funeral being at the same time a coming of age for him who now took up the sword and, for the first time without someone ahead of him, and alone, now walked toward his own end.
"I should have been the one," Ulrich surprised himself by think- ing, "to close my father's eyes! Not for his sake, or my own, but . . . " He did not know how to complete the thought. That he had neither liked his father, nor his father him, seemed a petty overestimation of personal importance in the face of this order of things; in the face of death, anyway, personal concerns had the stale taste of meaningless- ness, while everything that was of significance now seemed to ema- nate from the gigantic bodyofthe cortege moving slowlythrough the streets lined with people, no matter how much idleness, curiosity, and mindless conformity were intermingled with it.
Still, the music played on, it was a light, clear, dazzling day, and Ulrich's feelings wavered this way and that, like the canopy carried in procession above the Holy of Holies. Now and then he would see his own reflection in the glass panes of the hearse in front of him, his head with its hat, his shoulders, and from time to time he glimpsed on the floor of the hearse, beside the armorially resplendent coffin, little droppings of candle wax, never quite cleaned away from previ-
772 • THE MAN WITH0 UT QUALITIES
ous funerals, and he simply and without thinking felt sony for his father, as one feels sony for a dog run over in the street. Then his eyes grew moist, and when he gazed over all the blackness at the onlookers on the curb they looked like colorful sprinkled flowers, and the thought that it was he, Ulrich, who was seeing this, and not the man who had always lived here and who, moreover, loved cere- mony so much more than he did, was so peculiar that it seemed downright impossible that his father should miss seeing himself leav- ing the world, which he had, on the whole, regarded as a good world. Deeply moved as he was, however, Ulrich could not help noticing that the director or undertaker who was leading this Catholic funeral procession to the cemetery and keeping it in good order was a tall, muscular Jew in his thirties: graced with a long blond mustache, car- rying papers in his pocket like a courier, he dashed up and down, now straightening a horse's harness, now whispering some instruc- tion to the band. This reminded Ulrich further that his father's body had not been in the house on the last day but had been brought back to it only just before the funeral, in accordance with the old gentle- man's testamentary last wish, inspired by the free spirit of humanistic inquiry, to put his body at the disposal of science; after which ana- tomical intervention it was only natural to assume that the old gentle- man had been hurriedly sewn up again. Behind those shiny glass panes that reflected Ulrich's image, then, at the center of this great, beautiful, solemn pageantry, was an untidily recobbled object. 'With or without his decorations? " Ulrich wondered in dismay. He had for- gotten about it and had no idea whether his father had been dressed again in the lab before the closed coffin was returned to the house. And what about Agathe's garter? It could have been found-and he could imagine the jokes ofthe medical students. It was all extremely embarrassing, and so the protestations of the present again frag- mented his feeling into myriad details, after it had for a moment al- most rounded itselfout into the smooth shell ofa living dream. All he could feel now was the absurdity, the confused wavering nature of human order, and of himself.
"Now I'm all alone in the world," he thought. "A mooring rope has snapped-up I go! " This echo of his first sensation on receiving the news ofhis father's death now once more expressed his feelings as he walked on between the walls of people.
7
A LETTER FROM CLARISSE ARRIVES
Ulrich had not left his address with anyone, but Clarisse had it from Walter, who knew it as well as he knew his own childhood.
She wrote:
My darling-my duckling-my ling!
Do you know what a ling is? I can't work it out. Could Walter
be a weakling? [All the "lings" were heavily underlined. ]
Do you think I was drunk when I came to you? I can't get
drunk. (Men get drunk before I do. An amazing fact. )
But I don't know what I said to you; I can't remember. I'm
afraid you imagine I said things I never said. I never said them. But this is supposed to be a letter-in a minute! But first: You
know how dreams open up. You know how, when you're dreaming, sometimes: you've been there before, you've talked with that person already, or-it's like finding your memory again.
Being awake means knowing I've been awake.
(I have sleepmates. )
Do you still remember who Moosbrugger is? There's something I have to tell you:
Suddenly, there was his name again.
Those three musical syllables.
But music is fakery. I mean, when it's by itself. Music by itself is for aesthetes or something like that; no vitality. But music combined with vision, that makes the walls shake and the life of those to come rise up out of the grave of the present. Those three musical syllables, I didn't just hear them, I saw them. They loomed up in my memory! Then suddenly you know: Where these appear, there's something more. Why, I once wrote your Count a letter about Moosbrugger-how could I possibly have forgotten that! Now I hear-see a world in which the things stand still and the people move around, just as you've always known it,
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774 · THE MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES
but in sound that's visible! I don't know how to describe it exactly, because only three syllables have shown up so far. Can you understand that? It may be too soon to talk about it.
I told Walter: "I must meet Moosbrugger! "
Walter asked: "Who's Moosbrugger? "
I told him: "Ulo's friend the murderer. "
We were reading the paper; it was morning, time for Walter to
go to the office. Remember how we used to read the paper together, the three of us? (You have a poor memory, you won't remember! ) So I had just unfolded the part of the paper Walter had handed me, one arm left, one right: suddenly I feel hard wood, I'm nailed to the Cross. I ask Walter: 'Wasn't it only yesterday that there was something in the paper about a train wreck near Budweis? "
"Yes," he says. 'Why do you ask? A minor accident, one person killed, or two. "
After a while I say: "Because there's been an accident in America too. Where's Pennsylvania? "
He doesn't know. "In America," he says.
I say: "Those engineers never have a head-on collision on purpose! "
He looks at me. I could tell he didn't understand. "Of course not," he says.
I ask him when Siegmund's coming. He's not sure.
So there you are: of course the engineers don't deliberately drive their locomotives into each other head-on; but why else do they do it? I'll tell you why. That monstrous network oftracks, switches, and signals that covers the whole globe drains our conscience ofall its power. Because ifwe had the strength to check ourselves just once more, to go over everything we had to do once more, we would do what was necessary every time and avoid the disaster. The disaster is that we holt before the next-to-last stepI
Of course we can't expect Walter to realize this at once. I think that I'm capable of achieving this immense power of conscience, and I had to shut my eyes so Walter wouldn't see the lightning flash in them.
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For all these reasons I regard it as my duty to get to know Moosbrugger.
You know my brother Siegmund is a doctor. He'll help me. I was waiting for him.
Last Sunday he came.
When he's introduced to someone he says: "But I'm neither
. . . nor musical. " That's his sort ofjoke. Just because his name is Siegmund he doesn't want to be thought to be either a Jew or musical. He was conceived in a Wagnerian ecstasy. You can't get him to give a sensible answer to anything. All the time I was talking to him he only muttered some nonsense or other. He threw a rock at a bird, he bored holes in the snow with his stick. He wanted to shovel out a path too; he often comes to work in our garden, because, as he says, he doesn't like staying home with his wife and children. Funny that you've never met him. "You two have the Fleurs du mal and a vegetable garden! " he says. I pulled his ears and punched him in the ribs, but it did no good whatsoever.
Then we went indoors to Walter, who of course was sitting at the piano, and Siegmund had his jacket under his arm and his hands were all dirty.
"Siegmund," I said to him in front ofWalter, "when do you understand a piece of music? "
He grinned and answered: "Absolutely never. "
"When you play it inside yourself," I said. "When do you understand another human being? When you feel with him. Feel with him" That's a great mystery, Ulrich! You have to be like him: not by putting yourself into him but by taking him out into yourself! W e redeem outward: that's the strong way! W e fall in with people's actions, but we fill them out and rise above them.
Sorry to be writing so much about this. But the trains collide because our conscience doesn't take that final step. Worlds don't materialize unless we pull them. More of this another time. The man ofgenius is duty bound to attack! He has the mysterious power required. But Siegmund, the coward, looked at his watch and mentioned supper, because he had to go home. You know, Siegmund always tries to find the balance between the blase
776 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
attitude of the seasoned physician who has no very high opinion of the ability of his profession, and the blase attitude of the contemporary person who has transcended the intellectual and already rediscovered the hygiene ofthe simple life and gardening. But Walter shouted: "Oh, for God's sake, why are you two talking such nonsense? What do you want with this Moosbrugger anyway? " And that was a help.
Because then Siegmund said: "He's neither insane nor a criminal, that's true. But what if Clarisse has a notion that she can do something for him? I'm a doctor, and I have to let the hospital chaplain imagine the same sort ofthing! Redeem him, she says! Well, why not let her at least see him? ''
He brushed off his trousers, adopted an air of serenity, and washed his hands; we worked it all out over supper.
Now we've already been to see Dr. Friedenthal; he's the deputy medical officer Siegmund knows. Siegmund said straight out that he'd take the responsibility for bringing me in under some sort of false pretenses, as a writer who would like to see the man.
But that was a mistake, because when it was put to him so openly, Dr. Friedenthal could only refuse. "Even ifyou were Selma Lagerlof I'd be delighted to see you, of course, as I am in any case, but here we recognize only a scientific interest. "
It was rather fun to be called a writer. I looked him straight in the eye and said: "In this situation I count for mqre than Selma Lagerlof, because I'm not doing it for 'research. '"
He looked at me, and then he said: "The only thing I can suggest is for you to bring a letter of introduction from your embassy to the superintendent of the clinic. " He took me for a foreign writer, not realizing that I was Siegmund's sister.
We finally agreed that I would not be coming to see Moosbrugger the psychiatric patient but Moosbrugger the prisoner. Siegmund got me a letter of introduction from a charitable organization and a permit from the District Court. Afterward Siegmund told me that Dr. Friedentha1 regards psychiatry as a science that's half art, and called him the ringmaster of a demons' circus. I rather liked that.
What I liked best was that the clinic is housed in an old
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monastery. We had to wait in the corridor, and the lecture hall is in a chapel. It has huge Gothic windows, and I could see inside from across the courtyard. The patients are dressed in white, and they sit up on the dais with the professor. And the professor bends over their chairs in a friendly way. I thought: "Maybe they'll bring Moosbrugger in now. " I felt like flying into the lecture hall through that tall window. You'll say I can't fly: jump through the window, then? But I'd never have jumped; that was not how I felt at all.
I hope you'll be coming back soon. One can never express things. Least of all in a letter.
This was signed, heavily underlined, "Clarisse. "
8
A FAMILY OF TWO
Ulrich says: "When two men or women have to share a room for any length of time when traveling-in a sleeping car or a crowded hotel-they're often apt to strike up an odd sort offriendship. Every- one has his own way of using mouthwash or bending over to take off his shoes or bending his leg when he gets into bed. Clothes and un- derwear are basically the same, yet they reveal to the eye innumera- ble little individual differences. At first-probably because of the hypertensive individualism of our current way of life--there's are- sistance like a faint revulsion that keeps the other person at arm's length, guarding against any invasion into one's own personality. Once that is overcome a communal life develops, which reveals its unusual origin like a scar. At this point many people behave more cheerfully than usual; most become more innocuous; many more talkative; almost all more friendly. The personality is changed; one might almost say that under the skin it has been exchanged for a less
778 • THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
idiosyncratic one: the Me is displaced by the beginnings-clearly un- easy and perceived as a diminution, and yet irresistibl~fa We. "
Agathe replies: "This revulsion from closeness affects women es- pecially. I've never learned to feel at ease with women myself. "
"You'll find it between a man and a woman too," Ulrich says. "But there it's covered up by the obligatory rituals of love, which immedi- ately claim all attention. But more often than you might think, those involved wake suddenly from their trance and find-with amaze- ment, irony, or panic, depending on their individual temperament- some totally alien being ensconced at their side; indeed, some people experience this even after many years. Then they can't tell which is more natural: their bond with others or the self's bruised recoil from that bond into the illusion of its uniqueness-both impulses are in our nature, after all. And they're both entangled with the idea of the family. Life within the family is not a full life: Young people feel robbed, diminished, not fully at home with themselves within the cir- cle of the family. Look at elderly, unmarried daughters: they've been sucked dry by the family, drained of their blood; they've become quite peculiar hybrids of the Me and the We. "
Clarisse's letter came as a disturbance to Ulrich. The manic out- bursts in it bother him much less than the steady and quasi-rational working out of some obviously demented scheme deep within her. He has told himself that after his return he will have to talk to Walter about it, and since then he has deliberately been speaking of other things.
Agathe, stretched out on the couch with one knee drawn up, ea- gerly picks up what he has just said: "You yourself are explaining, with what you're saying, why I had to marry again! "
"And yet there is also something in the so-called sanctity of the family, in the entering into one another, serving one another, the selfless movement within a closed circle .
