Patrick;
sessions and titles were conferred on Fitzgerald, who, in A.
sessions and titles were conferred on Fitzgerald, who, in A.
Four Masters - Annals of Ireland
Feltrim, near Dublin, and other parts that county, were highly respectable,and held extensive
still numerous the counties former times the Fagans
possessions,and account many them the thirteenth, four teenth, and fifteenth centuries, who were high-sheriffs Meath and Dublin, and held other important offices, given D'Alton's History the county Dublin; and modern times many them were distinguished inilitary commanders the British and French service.
XVII. The O'Connollys were former times numerous and respectable the counties Meath, Dublin, and Kildare. The Right Hon. William Connolly, about century ago, held the ex tensive estates Rathfarnham, and other adjoining districts the county Dublin; and the Right Hon. Thomas Connolly, the
joy the said land, and shall hold all the liberties and free customs which have may have therein, the aforesaid service, from me and my heirs, well and peaceably, freely, quietly, and honour ably,
celebrated speaker the Irish most magnificent mansions These Conollys were probably
Commons, had one the near Leixlip, Kildare.
descent, though stated
this my charter Witness, earl Richard Gilbert; William Brosa, and many others, Weisford. ” King John confirmed this grant Walter Lacy, lord Meath, the son Hugh, the ninth year his reign, by
the services before-mentioned, and gave him besides his fees
House Ireland,
Irish
confirm him (Strongbow), son
have been English sir Jonah Barrington his Rise and Fall the Irish Nation; and may observed, that, above shown
are mentioned O'Dugan lords Fingall near Dublin; and may anoth, Mac Giollamocholmog, lord
princes Fine Gall, that observed, that there was
territory the borders Cualan.
Wicklow, and mentioned the note
XXI. O’Muircheartaigh O'Murtogh, chief the tribe ter
ritory O'Maine; and O'Modarn, chief Kinel Eochain, are mentioned O'Dugan chiefs over the Britons Welsh, and
- XXII. Mac Muireagain, prince East Liffey, mentioned the Annals some battles with the Danes the tenth century.
O'Duffy, archbishop Tuam, died
his age, and was buried the abbey
the annalists the most eminent prelate
for wisdom and hospitality; Annals Inisfallen, convened
five hundred priests, consider
rick, son Torlogh O'Conor, king
taken prisoner Tiarnan O'Rourke, prince Brefney, and kept
confinement his father Torlogh. Cadhla Catholicus O’Duffy, prelate eminent for learning and wisdom, was arch bishop Tuam for period forty years, the latter end the twelfth century, and died 1201, very advanced age, the abbey Cong; was one the ambassadorswho,
1175, concluded treaty peace Oxford, betweenking Henry II. and king Roderick O'Conor; and 1179 was one the
Irish prelates who attended the council Lateran. Flanachan O'Duffy, bishop Elphin, died 168; and William O’Duffy, Franciscan friar, bishop Clonmacnois, died 1297. Seve
ral abbots the name are mentioned the annalists; amongst others, Flanachan O’Duffy, abbot Roscommon, and prelector Tuam, who died 1097. Muiredhach O’Duffy established the abbey Boyle Roscommon, 1161, and another Muir edhach O'Duffy, abbot Roscommon, died 1174, ad vanced age.
XVI. The Fagans, some whom have been called O'Fagans
The O’Melaghlins, kings Meath and princes Bregia, and the other princes Bregia mentioned the preceding part this
1150, the 75th year Cong; praised
article, ruled over all those parts the present county north the river Liffey and the Danish kings Dublin
Dublin,
Ireland his time, the year 1143, according the synod twelve bishops and the means ransoming Rode
the already
Connaught, who had been
Meath Hugh Lacy. —In Anglo-Norman nobleman,descended Lincoln, England, and whom an
appear
have been located near Dublin.
ninth, tenth, eleventh, and part explained, ruled over that part Fingall.
Grant the Kingdom 172, Hugh Lacy,
from the Lacys, earls
account has been given
grant from king Henry II. , for the service fifty knights, the ancient kingdom Meath, which comprised, already stated, the present counties Meath and Westmeath, part Longford, with the greater part the county Dublin, and parts Kil dare and King's county; Lacy was inade Lord Palatine Meath, having all the power and privileges independent prince, hold that great territory with all the authority which
had been held Murtogh O'Melaghlin, then king Meath, according the following document conferring the grant, dated Wexford, 172,and thus given Ware, translated from
the twelfth century,
the county Dublin called
note page these Annals, got
Eng the all his all his dominions, greeting know that have given and granted,
the original Latin. —“Henry, the grace God, king land, duke Normandy and Acquitain, and earl Anjou, archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, and ministers, and faithful subjects, French, English, and Irish,
wood and plain, meadows and pastures, waters and warrens and ponds, fishings and huntings, ways and
mills,
paths,
the said land, with all liberties which have therein, can grant
sea-ports and all other places and things appertaining
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baronsof Moyashell in Westmeath; the Nangles, baronsof Navan; the Husseys, barons of Galtrim in Meath; the Phepoes and Mar wards, barons of Skreen in Meath, and of Santry in Dublin, &c. Almost the whole of Ireland was in like manner granted by Henry II. , and other kings of England, to various great Anglo-Norman families, of whom full accounts have been given in the course of these topographical annotations, as, for instance, various counties of Leinster, to the descendants of Strongbow, and to the Marshalls, earls of Pembroke; Kildare, to the de Veseys and Fitzgeralds, earls of Kildare; Cork and Kerry to the Fitzgeralds, earls of Desmond, and the Fitzmaurices, earls of Kerry, the de Co gans, Carews, Barrys, Roches, and others; Kilkenny and Tip perary to the Butlers, earls of Ormond, and others; Waterford to the le Poers; Clare and Limerick to the de Clares, &c. ; Con naught to the de Burgos or Burkes, lords of Connaught, and earls of Ulster, the de Berminghams, barons of Athenry, and many others; and Ulster to John de Courcy and his followers; but as stated in the historical relations of sir John Davies, none of the Irish lords got a grant of his country for the space of three hun dred years after the arrival of the English in Ireland, except O'Brien, king of Thomond, who got a grant of part of his own country, but only during the minority of king Henry III. , and Roderick O'Conor, king of Connaught, to whom king Henry II. granted the privilege of holding in subjection to him his kingdom of Connaught.
The Counties of Dublin and Kildare. —Parts of the territories of Moy Liffey and Bregia, with a portion of Cualan, were formed into the county of Dublin, A. D. 1210, in the reign or king John, and according to D'Alton's History of Dublin, page 39, the county of Dublin, in the sixteenth century, extended from Balrothery to Arklow, thus comprising a great part of the present county of Wicklow.
monarchs, about nine centuries before the Christian era, according our old annalists, gold mine was discovered near the river
REIGN OF HENRY VII. 317
proceeded to Belfast, where he took and demolish O’Reilly, John, the son Torlogh, son
ed the castle, and returned home safe, with im John, and O'Ferrall, Cormac, the son John,
mense booty.
Fingall, in the vale of Dublin, by the services of seven knights, to
hold to him and his heirs for ever. De Lacy reserved to himself
a great part of this extensive territory, and had his chief residence
at Trim, where he erected a large and strong castle, of which some
magnificent ruins still remain ; he also built many other castles in
Meath and Westineath, but was killed A. D. 1186, as recorded in
these Annals, by an Irish galloglass, with the blow of a battle-axe,
which cut off his head, at Durrow, in the King's county, where he
was superintending the erection of a castle. The de Lacy's, his
descendants, were for a long time very powerful as lords of Meath,
and earls of Ulster, in which titles they were succeeded by the
great families of the de Genevilles, lords of Meath ; and the Mor
timers, lords of Meath, and earls of Ulster, and earls of March, in
England. Hugh de Lacy conferred extensive grants in various
parts of the kingdom of Meath, on several Anglo-Norman chiefs
who were styled de Lacy's barons, and of whom an account has
been given in the note on Meath; amongst others the de Nogents
or Nugents, who becamebarons of Delvin, and earls of Westmeath;
the Flemings, barons of Slane; the Tyrrells, barons of Castle Gold Mines. —In the reign Tigearnmas, one the Milesian knock, near Dublin; the Petits, barons of Mullingar; the Tuites,
his Hibernia Anglicana, John, duke Bedford, regent France, and brother king Henry V. , obtained, the reign Henry VI. A. D. 1426, patent for all the mines gold and silver England and Ireland, ren dering the church tenth part, the king the fifteenth part, sey, and rich and cultivated plains present vast number and twentieth part the owner the soil; from this might
may signify either the Wood Oaks,
the Church
atoes.
The county Dublin abounds scenery great magnificence
and beauty along mountains, sea-coast, and the vale the Lif
fine demesnesand splendid seats the nobility and gentry. The inferred that there were mines gold and silver Ireland territory ancient Bregia, comprising great part the present that time. From the vast quantities massiveornaments very
son
Donal, plundered the plain Brawney, (in
counties
Meath and Dublin, and containing about half million the finest lands Ireland, presents vast plains un
acres bounded fertility.
The Curragh Kildare, celebrated race-course, extensive tract about six miles length, and two breadth, con taining about five thousand acres; level gently undula ting plain surpassing beauty, covered with the most exquisite verdure, and forms more delightful lawn than the hand art has ever made.
The Bog of Allen chiefly situated Kildare, but also ex tends into the King's and Queen's counties, and partly into West
meath, and acres;
estimated contain about three hundred thousand like the other bogs Ireland, composed chiefly the ancient forests oak, pine, yew, hazel, birch, alder,
remains
mountain-ash, and poplar, and the vast quantity bogs Ireland
shews the great extent the forests former times, and hence
one the ancient names Ireland was Flodh-Inis, signifying the Woody-Island.
Liffey, and the gold was worked named Uachadan, the men Cualan, explained, comprised the county
artificer skilled metals, territory which, already Wicklow, with some the
southern part Dublin; this Uachadan supposed have been one the Tuath De Danan, who were famous for their skill the arts, and after they had beenconquered the Milesians, continued
the chief artificers the kingdom, workers metals, builders, mechanics, &c. ancient Irish poem the Tuath De Danan, the celebrated Flann, abbot Monaster Boyce Louth, the eleventh century, contained the Book Bally mote, account given the gold mine discovered near the
In the reign of king John, parts of the territories of Moy Liffey, Offaley, Leix, and Cualan, were formed into the county of Kildare, but it was only a liberty dependant on the jurisdiction of the sheriffs of Dublin until A. D. 1296, in the reign of Edward w*hen Kildare was constituted distinct county. was called
“It was Tigearnmas first established Ireland
The art dyeing cloth purple and other colours, And the ornamenting drinking cups, and goblets, And breast pins, for mantles, gold and silver.
“And by his directions Uachadan Cualan Was the first man his tribe, record, Who ingeniously introduced the operation Of refining gold this kingdom Erin. ”
modern times Wicklow has become celebrated for its gold mines, discovered the mountain Croghan Kinshella, near Ark low, the year 1796, by one the country people, who found small piece pure gold rivulet running from the mountain,
and the fame this having soon spread, vast numbers the pea santry assembled make further searches,and collected few months this alluvial gold washed down the mountain streams, about three thousand ounces, which sold for about ten thousand pounds sterling; some the pieces found were very large, and one solid lump nearly pure gold weighed twenty-three ounces, another eighteen, others ten and seven ounces, and
pieces one ounce, half ounce, quarter ounce, &c. This na tive gold was beautiful rich yellow, and very fine, being only alloyed with minute portions silver, copper, iron. The government took the mines into their possession, and worked them for about two years, but then abandoned them, not suffi ciently productive. According Cox,
Coill-Lara, signifying the Wood Oaks, oak forests abounded there ancient times, or, according others, Cill-Dara, which meant the Church the Oaks, said the first church founded the now town Kildare was built amidst oaks, hence
Liffey, which thus from the poem:—
mentioned the following passage translated
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3. 18 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1489.
Westmeath), and Donogh, son of Bryan Caoch,
son of Donal Buighe O'Ferrall, was slain on that expedition.
remote antiquity, made of pure gold, as torques, or golden collars, bracelets, gorgets, large rings, crescents, balls, &c. , found buried in bogs and in the earth in various parts of Ireland, it is considered that there were gold mines extensively worked in ancient times, of which there are now no records to be found; and it is difficult to account for the origin of so much gold, unless it might have been brought to Ireland by traders from Spain, or other countries with which the Irish had intercourse in those early ages. The Danes are said to have worked gold and silver mines in different parts of Ireland, and they established mints in Dublin and other places, and many of the silver coins of Sitrick, and other Danish kings of Dublin, still remain in museums in Ireland, of which accounts may be found in Simon's work on Irish coins; and in Fraser's Survey of Wexford it is stated, that in the tenth century the Danes worked silver mines at Clonmines, near Wexford, and had a mint, and coined money in that city. In Wicklow are extensive copper and lead mines, and in various parts of Dublin are lead mines, many of which contain silver, as mentioned in Archer's and Dutton's Surveys of Dublin. A full account of various valuable mines, in different counties, will be found in that admirable work, Kane's
Industrial Resources of Ireland. Numerous remains of cromleacs, sepulchral mounds, raths, round towers, and other antiquities, as mentioned in the preceding parts of the notes on Moy Liffey, toge ther with ruins of castles, abbeys, churches, &c. , exist in various parts of Dublin and Kildare, of which accounts may be found in the Antiquities of Ware and Grose, in the Topographies of Seward and Lewis, and Rawson's Survey of Kildare; on the county of Dublin, D'Alton's valuable history will afford ample information.
The English Pale. —The term Pale, signifying a fence or inclo sure, was applied to those English settlements in Ireland within which their laws and authority prevailed, and the designation Pale appears to have been first applied to the English territory
about the beginning of the fourteenth century. Spenser in his View of Ireland, written in the reign of Elizabeth, speaking of the
Tomaltach, son of Bryan Mac Donogh, was killed by Hugh, the son of Donal Cam Mac Do nogh, and his sons.
no felony to kill a mere Irishman in time of peace; and it appears that if an Englishman killed one of the mere Irish, he was only fined a mark. Various penal laws against the native Irish were passed in the parliaments of the Pale, particularly the Statute of Kilkenny, A. D. 1367, in the reign of Edward III. , which prohi bited, under the penalty of high treason, any intermarriages, fos terage, or similar connections, between the families of English descent and the native Irish; and imprisonment, fines, and for feiture of lands and goods, were inflicted on such English as per mitted the Irish to pasture or graze their cattle on their lands; and similar penalties, prohibiting the appointment or promotion of any of the native Irish to bishops'sees,abbacies,church livings, or any ecclesiastical preferments; and that any person of English race speaking the Irish language, or adopting Irish names, dress, customs, or manners, should forfeit all their goods, lands, and tenements. In the reigns of the Henrys and Edwards, various other penal laws were passed against the native Irish, to compel them to change their names and take English surnames; to give up the use of the Irish language, and speak only English; to adopt the English dress, manners, and customs; to cut off their glibs, or flowing locks, and shave their upper lips at least once in a fortnight, otherwise to be punished as Irish enemies. The Irish resisted the relinquishment of their ancient customs, as they were extremely partial to wearing long flowing hair and beards on their upper lips, and notwithstanding these penal enactments, the Irish
continued for centuries to use only their own language, manners, and customs.
The Knights of St. George. —In the reign of Edward IV. , the Knights or Brotherhood of St. George, so called from their cap tain or chief commander being elected annually on St. George's day, was instituted for the defence of the English Pale; and their force consisted of two hundred armed men, namely, 120 archers on horseback, with 40 other horsemen, and 40 pages. This fra ternity of men-at-arms, as stated by Sir John Davies, Cox, and others, was instituted A. D. 1475, and consisted of thirteen of the most noble and worthy persons in the four counties of the Pale; and on its first formation the persons appointed were Thomas Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, Sir Roland FitzEustace, baron of Port lester, and Sir Robert Eustace, for the county of Kildare; Ro bert St. Lawrence, baron of Howth, Sir Robert Dowdall, and the Mayor of Dublin, for the county of Dublin; Robert Preston, vis count Gormanstown, Edward Plunkett, seneschal of Meath, Alex ander Plunkett, and Barnaby Barnwall, for the county of Meath; and for the county of Louth, Sir Laurence Taaffe, Richard Bellew, and the Mayor of Drogheda. This military society continued for about twenty years, but in A. D. 1495, in the reign of Henry VII. ,
invasion of Edward Bruce, in the year 1316, says, “he burned
and spoiled all the old English Pale. ” The extent of the Pale
varied much at different periods, and Spenser says again of Bruce's
forces, “they marched forth into the English Pale, which then
was chiefly in the North, from the point of Dunluce (county of
Antrim), and beyond into Dublin, having in the midst Knock
fergus (Carrickfergus), Belfast, Armagh, and Carlingford, which
are now the most out-bounds and abandoned places in the English
Pale, and indeed not counted of the English Pale at all, for it
stretcheth now no further than Dundalk towards the North. ”
According as the English power extended, so did the Pale, and it
was considered to comprise at some periods the counties of Antrim,
Down, part of Armagh, Louth, Meath, Westmeath, Dublin, Kil was suppressed, the taxes levied for its support becoming obnoxi dare, King's and Queen's Counties, Carlow, Kilkenny, Tipperary,
Waterford, Wexford, and part of Wicklow; but in general the name of the Pale was confined to the counties of Dublin, Louth, Meath, and Kildare. Campion in his Chronicle says, “An old distinction there is of Ireland into Irish and English Pales, for when the Irish had raised continual tumults against the English planted here with the conquest, at last they coursed them into a narrow circuit of certain shires in Leinster, which the English did choose as the fattest soil, most defensible, their proper right, and most open to receive help from England; hereupon it was termed their Pale, as whereout they durst not peep ; but now, both within this Pale uncivil Irish and some rebels do dwell, and without it countries and cities English are well governed. ” It appears that the Irish who dwelt within the Pale, and acknowledged English authority, were considered as subjects, and had to a certain extent the protection of English laws; but all the Irish outside the Pale were styled Irish enemies, not being recognised as sub jects; while the Anglo-Irish, or Irish of English descent, who resisted the government, were termed English rebels, being
accounted as subjects. The native Irish, according to Sir John Davies, being reputed as aliens, or rather enemies, it was adjudged
ous, and the body not having accomplished the objects of its institution.
The Parliaments. --An account of the great national conven tions held at Tara and other places, the parliaments of ancient Ireland, has been given at page 297, in the note on Bregia. After the Anglo-Norman invasion, the Anglo-Irish barons and chief governors held many great councils, sometimescalled parliaments, in the reigns of Henry II. , King John, Henry III. , and Edward
but according Lord Mountmorres, his history the Irish parliament, the first parliament regularly assembled Ireland
was the beginning the fourteenth century, A. D. 1316, the reign Edward II. , and convened consequence the invasion Ireland Edward Bruce. Numerous parliaments were held during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, particularly the celebrated parliament Kilkenny, convened the lord lieute nant, Lionel, duke Clarence, A. D. 1367, the reign Edward
III. , which was passed the act called the Statute Kilkenny, enacting several penal laws against the Irish, above stated
the account the English Pale; and the less celebrated par liament held Drogheda, A. D. 1494, the reign Henry VII. , the lord deputy, Sir Edward Poyning, which was passed the
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Hugh, i. e. the O'Conor, the son of Felim Fionn, was taken prisoner by the sons of O'Kelly.
Torlogh, the son of Felim Fionn O'Conor, the
act called Poyning's Law, which rendered the Irish parliament completely subordinate to the parliament of England, and no act
could be passed in Ireland without the assent of the privy council and parliament of England. The Irish, or rather Anglo-Irish,
parliaments were convened chiefly in Dublin, but often also at various other cities and towns, as Drogheda, Trim, Kildare, Naas, Castledermot, Carlow, Kilkenny, Cashel, Limerick, Waterford, and Wexford. These parliaments, it appears, were confined to Leinster, Munster, and Meath, and chiefly to those counties con stituting the English Pale, namely, Dublin, Louth, Meath, and Kildare, as in those times the English authority was not suffici ently established in Ulster and Connaught, those provinces not being all formed into counties, or sheriffs regularly appointed at that period. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Irish princes and chiefs did not acknowledge the English authority, nor attend the parliaments, which were composed of the English or Anglo-Irish barons, bishops, and officers of state; but in the sixteenth century, in the reigns of Henry VIII. , Edward VI. , Mary, and Elizabeth, many of the Irish chiefs having made their submission, and some of them having received peerages, several of them attended the parliaments, and appear to have first attended at a parliament held in Dublin, A. D. 1525, in the reign of Henry VIII. , by the lord deputy, Gerald Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, of which an account is given in those Annals at that year, where it is stated that O’Neill, O'Donnell, and other chiefs, were present. In 1541, a great parliament was assembled in Dublin, by the lord deputy, Anthony St. Leger, which conferred on Henry VIII, the title of King of Ireland, the kings of England being until that time only styled Lords of Ireland; and at this parliament, amongst other Irish princes and chiefs, as mentioned in the despatches of St Leger, and in the state papers at that period, attended Bryan Mac Gillpatrick, or Fitzpatrick, who had been created baron of Upper Ossory ; O'Moore, lord of Leix ; O'Cavanagh, of Carlow; and the great O'Reilly, lord of East Brefney or Cavan, who appeared in a splendid dress, which had been sent to him as a present by his Majesty. In 1568, in the reign of Elizabeth, a great parliament was held in Dublin by the lord deputy, Sir Henry Sydney, in which rules were established for the regulation of the Irish parliament, similar to those of the parliament of England, and many of the Irish chiefs attended. It appears that in early times the barons, bishops, knights, citi zens, and burgesses, or representatives both of the nobility and commons, sat all together in one assembly; but either in the reign of Henry VIII. or Elizabeth, they were separated into two houses, or lords and commons, the nobility and bishops in the house of peers, and the knights, citizens, and burgesses, or repre sentatives of counties, cities, and boroughs, or corporate towns, in the house of commons; and a third place of meeting was also appointed for the clergy, called the house of convocation, where met the archbishops, and bishops, and also the mitred abbots, who sat likewise as spiritual peers or lords of parliament, and the archdeacons, deans, and proctors, also attended parliament. In 1585, in the reign of Elizabeth, a great parliament was convened in Dublin by the lord deputy, Sir John Perrott, and a full account of it is given in these Annals at that year. In Perrott's parlia ment a far greater number of the Irish chiefs attended than ever had before. In A. D. 1613, in the reign of James great par liament was held Dublin by the lord deputy, Sir Arthur Chi chester, which attended great many the representatives the chief Milesian families. Down this time the old Irish regu
best lord’s son of his age that lived of his tribe for a long time, was slain by the sons of Roderick,
son of Felim (O'Conor), aided by the son of Mac
Irish Volunteers, under the earl Charlemont, the duke Lein ster, Grattan, Flood, and other eminent men; but after period eighteen years, the Irish parliament was extinguished, and be came merged that Great Britain, the year 1800, by the
Act of Union.
Anglo-Norman and English Possessors. -In the account the grant the kingdom Meath Hugh de Lacey by king Henry II. , explained the preceding part this article, Lacey and his barons became possessed the greater part the present county Dublin. Hugh Tyrrell got the territory about Castleknock, which was long held by his descendants barons
Castleknock the Phepoes got Santry and Clontarf, and,
according Mac Geoghegan, Vivian Cursun got the district Ratheney, near Dublin, which belonged Gillacolm, Giol
lamocholmog.
In the County and City Dublin, the following have been
the principal families Anglo-Norman and English descent from the twelfth the eighteenth century:—The Talbots, Tyrrells, Plunketts, Prestons, Barnwalls, St. Lawrences, Taylors, Cruises, Cusacks, Cogans, Whites, Walshes, Walls, Warrens, Wogans, Woodlocks, Darcys, Nettervilles, Marwards, Phepoes, Fitzwil liams, Fitzsimons, Flemmings, Archbolds, Archers, Allens, Ayl mers, Balls, Bagots, De Bathes, Butlers, Barrys, Barrets, Ber minghams, Bretts, Bellews, Blakes, Brabazons, Finglases, Sweet mans, Hollywoods, Howths, Husseys, Burnells, Dowdalls, Dillons, Segraves, Sarsfields, Stanihurts, Lawlesses, Cadells, Evanses, Drakes, Graces, Palmers, Eustaces, Fyans, Fosters, Goughs, Berrills, Bennetts, Browns, Duffs, Nangles, Woders, Tuites, Tews, Trants, Peppards, Luttrells, Rawsons, Vernons, Delahoydes, Ushers, Garnetts, Hamiltons, Domvilles, Coghills, Cobbs, Grattans, Molesworths, Latouches, Putlands, Beresfords, Shaws, Smiths, &c. Accounts all those families, and others, will found
D'Alton's Histories Dublin and Drogheda.
In the County Kildare, the following have been the chieffa milies Anglo-Norman and English descent: Earl Strongbow,
having become heir the kingdom Leinster, son-in-law Dermod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, whose daughter Eva he
lated their affairs according Brehon laws, but the reign
their ancient institutions, called James the laws Brehonism act parliament. The Irish par
Marshall, earl Pembroke, by Isabella, daughter Strongbow, and grand daughter Dermod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster,
and Sibilla, having married William Ferrars, earl Derby,
came, right his wife, lord Kildare, which title passed, intermarriage his daughter Agnes William Vesey, An glo-Norman nobleman the Veseys, barons Knapton York shire, and this William Vesey was appointed king Edward lord justice Ireland, and was lord Kildare and Rathangan; but having some contests with John FitzThomas Fitzgerald, baron
and Tanistry were abolished
liaments were great extent independent the parliaments England until the passing Poyning's law 1494, which ren dered the Irish parliament subordinate that England, and continued force for period 288 years, namely, i782, when the independence the Irish parliament was obtained the
be
REIGN OF HENRY VII. 319
had married, gave grants various parts
ers, which accounts are given Ware,
Harris's Hibernica, and the chronicles
Amongst other grants, Strongbow gave
Fitzgerald, Naas, Offelan, which had been O'Kelly's country; Myler Fitzhenry gave Carberry; Robert Bermingham, Offaley, part O'Conor's country; Adam and Richard Hereford, large territory about Leixlip, and the district De Saltu Salmonis, the Salmon Leap, from which the barony Salt de rived its name; and Robert Fitz Richard gave the barony Narragh. The family Riddlesford, the reign king John, got the district Castledermot, which was part the territory O'Toole, prince Imaile, Wicklow, and Richard St. Michael got from king John the district Rheban, near Athy, part O'Moore's country, and from the St. Michaels, lords Rheban, the manors Rheban and Woodstock, Kildare, with Dunamase
the Queen's county, passed the Fitzgeralds, barons Offaley, the year 1424, the marriage Thomas Fitzgerald with Do
rothea, daughter Anthony O'Moore, prince Leix. ginning the thirteenth century, already explained the notes Ossory, Offaley, and Leix, the county
the be 250,
Kildare became the inheritance Sibilla, one the daughters William
Leinster his follow Maurice Regan, Hanmer and Campion.
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320 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1489.
Dermott, by the tribe of O'Conor Roe, and by the son of Hugh, son of Roderick, at Caislean Riab hach (Castlerea, in Roscommon).
of Offaley, who charged him with high treason, it was awarded to decide their disputes by single combat, but de Vesey, having de clined the combat, and fled to France, was attainted, and his pos
A combined commotion arose against O’Conor, by Roderick, the son of Felim, by the tribe of Teige Oge, and of Teige Roe, and by the tribe of
cullen in Kildare, of Portlester in Meath, and viscounts of Baltin glass in Wicklow ; the Burkes, barons of Naas, and earls of Mayo; the Berminghams, barons of Carberry ; the Wellesleys, barons of
Narragh; the Allens, viscounts of Allen in Kildare, and barons of Stillorgan in Dublin; the Burghs barons Down ; the Pomeroys,
barons Harberton, and viscounts of Carberry ; the Agars, barons of Somerton, and earls of Normanton ; the Lawlesses, barons of Cloncurry; and the barons de Robeck; the Moores, marquesses and earls of Drogheda, and barons of Mellifont in Louth, reside at Monastereven in Kildare; the Scotts, earls of Clonmel, and also the family of Clements, earls of Leitrim, have seats in Kildare.
Ecclesiastical Divisions. —The following have beenthe bishops' seesat various periods in the territories now forming the counties of Dublin and Kildare, of which these accounts have been collected from the works of Ware, Usher, Colgan, Lanigan, Archdall, and various other sources.
St. Bridget. —The three great tutelar saints of Ireland were Patrick, Bridget, and Columkille, of each of whom numerous lives have been collected and published by the learned John Colgan, an Irish Franciscan of the monastery of Louvain, in the Netherlands, in the seventeenth century, in his great work styled Trias Thau maturga, or the wonder-working Triad, so called in allusion to those three illustrious Irish saints. St. Bridget was of the race of the Heremonians of Leinster, the daughter of a prince named Dubhthach, who was of the same descent as the celebrated Con of the Hundred Battles, monarch of Ireland in the latter end of the second century. Bridget was born, according to Usher, Colgan, Lanigan, and others, in the middle of the fifth century, about A. D. 453, and, according to Lanigan, was only about twelve years old at the time of St. Patrick's death, therefore he considers those accounts erroneous which make her cotemporary with St.
Patrick;
sessions and titles were conferred on Fitzgerald, who, in A. D.
1316, was created, by king Edward II. , earl of Kildare, a title
which his descendants still hold, and in modern times were created
dukes of Leinster. The Fitzgeralds, descended from the Anglo
Norman baron, Maurice Fitzgerald, who cameover with Strongbow,
and of whom an account has been given at p. 42, in one of the notes
to these Annals, became one of the most powerful families in
Ireland, as earls of Kildare and earls of Desmond, and for a period
of more than five hundred years the earls of Kildare have held
their rank and great possessions, and many of them have been
lords lieutenant and chief governors of Ireland at various times during the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centu
ries. The other chief families of English descent in Kildare have been the Aylmers, Archbolds, Bagots, Burghs or Burkes, Butlers, Breretons, Burroughs, Boyces, Dungans, Keatings, Eustaces or Fitz Eustaces, Prestons, Lawlesses, Wogans, Warrens, Whites, Woulfes, Ponsonbys, Nangles, Horts, &c. Some of the Aylmers of Kildare becamebarons of Balrath in Meath, and Arthur Woulfe, chief justice of the King's Bench, who was created viscount Kil warden, was of the Woulfes of Kildare.
Nobility —The following have been the noble families in Dub lin and Kildare from the reign of king John to the present time.
In Dublin the de Lacy's were lords of Meath, and of a great
part of Dublin. In the year 1384, Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford,
lord lieutenant of Ireland, was created marquess of Dublin, and
duke of Ireland, and in the royal family some of the dukes of Cum
berland were earls of Dublin; the Talbots, a branch of the Talbots, earls of Shrewsbury, Waterford, and Wexford, have been celebra
ted families in Dublin and Meath, chiefly at Malahide and Bel her birth-place was Fochart, in the district of Muirthemline, in
gard in Dublin, and were created barons of Malahide, and barons
Orgiall, now Faughart, near Dundalk, in the county of Louth, and St. Bernard, in his Life of St. Malachy, archbishop of Armagh, says in a passage quoted by Usher:-" venerunt aliquando tres episcopi in villam Fochart quem dicunt locum nativitatis Brigidae virginis,” and in one of her lives by Colgan, it is mentioned—“vil
Furnival, and of these was Richard Talbot, the celebrated duke of
Tyrconnell, lord lieutenant of Ireland, under king James II. ; the Plunketts, great families in Dublin, Meath, and Louth, are said
to be of Danish descent, and were created barons of Killeen, and
earls of Fingall, and branches of them barons of Dunsany in Meath,
and barons of Louth ; William Conyngham Plunkett, late lord
chancellor of Ireland, was created baron Plunkett; the Prestons,
viscounts of Gormanstown, and some of them viscounts of Tara;
the St. Lawrences, earls of Howth ; the Barnwalls, viscounts of
Kingsland, and barons of Turvey, and also barons of Trimblestown
in Meath; the de Courcys, barons of Kilbarrock; the Fitzwil
liams, viscounts of Merrion; the Rawsons, viscounts of Clontarf;
the Beaumonts, viscounts of Swords, and the Molesworths, vis
counts of Swords; the Temples, viscounts Palmerstown ; the
Tracys, viscounts of Rathcoole; Patrick Sarsfield, the celebrated according to one of the lives given by Colgan, was in Irish called
commander of the Irish forces under king James II. , was created
earl of Lucan ; and the Binghams are now earls of Lucan; the
marquess of Wharton, lord lieutenant of Ireland, was created earl
of Rathfarnham; and the family of Loftus, viscounts of Ely, were ibi erat. ” St. Bridget travelled over all parts of Ireland, and earls of Rathfarnham; the Luttrells, earls of Carhampton; the
Leesons, earls of Milltown; the Harmans, viscounts of Oxman town, the name of an ancient district in the vicinity of Dublin; and the family of Parsons, earls of Rosse, in the King's county, are barons of Oxmantown; the Wenmans, barons of Kilmainham; and the Barrys, barons of Santry; the Caulfields, earls of Char lemont, reside at Clontarf; and the Brabazons, earls of Meath, have extensive possessionsin Wicklow and Dublin.
In Kildare the following have beenthe noble families, the Fitz geralds, barons of Offaly, earls and marquessesof Kildare, and
barons of Naas, and the Prestons, barons of Naas; the St. stones, but Kildare having been devastated by the Danes, the re Michaels, barons of Rheban; the Fitz Eustaces, barons of Kil mains of St. Bridget, and the rich shrine in which they were con
dukes of Leinster; the title of earl of Leinster was borne by the
family of Cholmondely, in 1659, and the title of duke of Leinster
was held by a descendant of duke Schomberg in 1719 ; the de her memory. She was buried at Kildare, near the great altar, Veseys, lords of Kildare and Rathangan ; the de Lounders, and her monument ornamented with gold, silver, and precious
la in qua sancta Brigida nata est, Fochart Muirthemne vocatur, quaeest in provincia Ultorum. ” Bridget, having received a supe rior education, became remarkable for extraordinary piety and wisdom, and, embracing a life of celibacy, she received the veil from St. Macaille, who was bishop of Usneach in Westmeath, about A. D. 470, in the sixteenth or seventeenth year of her age, and about A. D. 480, according to Ware, or 487, according to Lanigan, St. Bridget founded the famous monastery at Kildare, where a great number of nuns resided with her, and the institution was amply endowed with lands by the kings of Leinster; the place,
Cill-dara, signifying the Church of the Oak, from a great oak tree near which it was erected, “illa jam Cella Scotice dicitur Killdara, Latine vero sonat Cella quercus, enim quercus altissima
founded numerous nunneries, which were filled with Brigidine muns,an order she had established, and which becamecelebrated in Ireland for many ages. St. Bridget was renowned for her wisdom, sanctity, and many virtues, and so highly esteemedby the bishops and clergy, not only of Ireland, but of Britain, that they frequently consulted her on the regulation of various religious matters: after a long life spent in the practice of piety, charity, and every virtue, and having performed many miracles, she died at her monastery of Kildare, about the 70th year of her age, A. D. 525, on the 1st of February, on which day her festival has been always celebrated, and her death is recorded in that year in the Annals of the Four Masters, and an eloquent eulogium passed on
o
order of Henry de Loundres, archbishop of Dublin, and that it was
re-lighted, and continued to burn till the Reformation, and it is also said that some ruins of the fire-house still remain.
The See of Kildare. —The monastery of St. Bridget was the
first religious foundation at Kildare, and the place became cele- || brated as a seat of learning and religion; a great town or city
grew up there, and an episcopal see was founded in the latter
end the fifth century, St. Conlaeth being appointed first bishop; his successors were styled bishops and abbots Kildare,
bishops of Dublin. The see of Ferns, as explained in a note at page 226, was in the seventh and eighth centuries the chief see of Leinster; but during the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries,
tained, were removed for security in the ninth century to Down- patrick, and interred there in the same sepulchre with those of SS. Patrick and Columkille, as explained at p. 96, in a note in
these Annals. The memory of St. Bridget has been always held in the highest veneration, not only in Ireland, but in Britain, par-
The See of Dublin. —St. Livinus is mentioned by Colgan, in his Trias Thaumaturga, as the first bishop of Dublin, in the be- ginning of the seventh century; and he states, that having gone on a mission to preach the Gospel in Flanders, he suffered martyrdom there. Accounts of several other bishops of Dublin, from the seventh to the eleventh century, are given in Ware and Colgan; and in the eleventh century, from A. D. 1038 to 1084, Donatus and Patrick, both Ostmen, or Danes, were bishops of Dublin.
o
. .
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-
. .
and some them designated bishops
Leinster, for, explained
Kildare was made the metropolitan see of that province ; and hence the bishops of Ferns and of Kildare were in those times styled by the Irish writers bishops or archbishops of Leinster; but in the twelfth century, Dublin was constituted the metropo litan see Leinster, and the bishops styled archbishops Dublin,
and sometimes archbishops Leinster. The small ancient sees Clondalkin, Tallaght, Finglas, Swords, and Lusk, above
note 226, the see
centuries the chief see
eleventh centuries, Kildare
ster, after which Dublin was constituted the archiepiscopal see Leinster. Kildare was long celebrated seat learning and sanctity, but the ninth and tenth centuries, from the repeated devastations the Danes, the place fell decay; and much more destructive were the wars later times, but the magnificent ruins
the ancient cathedral, with most beautiful round tower, and
beginning Loundres, which
the thirteenth century, A. D. 1214, under Henry archbishop Dublin, the ancient see Glendalough,
abbey was founded
the fifth century St. Maculind, and
the twelfth century were denominated Lusk. All the above-mentioned small sees
Foot
Ferns was Leinster, but
the seventh and eighth the ninth, tenth, and
account has been given page 226, was united Dublin; but the archbishops Dublin being English, their authority was not acknowledged the Irish, who had for many centuries afterwards their own recognised bishops Glendalough, and the union the two sees was not peaceably and fully esta- blished until the latter end the fifteenth century. From the twelfth the eighteenth century remarkable contests and con- troversies were carried between the archbishops Armagh and Dublin respecting the primacy, each the archbishops claiming precedency; but the claims Armagh the primacy
became the metropolitan see Lein-
somefragments
demonstrate
was founded
were styled bishops down the twelfth century, which time was annexed to the see of Kildare.
splendid stonecrosseswhich still remain, amply former greatness. Kilcullen Kildare, abbey
St. Iserninus, the fifth century, and abbots
the Roman Catholic and Protestant Dublin being styled primates
The Diocese Kildare comprises the greater part the county Kildare, with great part the King's county, and
considerable portion the Queen's countv.
In the Diocese Dublin were the following ancient sees:–
Cluan-Doleain, now Clondalkin, near Dublin, St. Cronan
Mochua the seventh century founded abbey, which was note for many centuries, and abbots were styled bishops. At Tamhlacht, Tallaght, near Dublin, monastery was founded about the sixth century, and St. Maolruan mentioned first bishop the eighth century. was celebrated seat learn- ing and religion, and abbots down the twelfth century were styled bishops. At Finglas, near Dublin, monastery was founded the sixth century St. Cainneach, Kenny, from whom Kilkenny derived name, and the abbots Finglas were
the eleventh century styled bishops. Swords, near Dublin,
abbey was founded the sixth century St. Columkille, which was long celebrated, and abbots were styled bishops down the twelfth century. Lusk, the county Dublin,
were finally conceded, both
churches, the archbishops
Ireland, and the archbishops
The ablest arguments the subject, demonstrating the superior authority Armagh, and right the primacy, are contained
the Jus Armacanum, published 1728, most learned work written Latin Hugh Mac Mahon, R. C. archbishop Armagh.
Another remarkable circumstance connected with the diocese Dublin may mentioned, namely, that from the eleventh century
the present time contains two cathedrals, those St. Patrick and Christ Church, which said only another instance
found any see,namely, Saragossa, Spain. Accounts those controversies respecting the primacy, and the archbishops, will found Ware's Bishops, D'Alton's Archbishops
Dublin, Brennan's Ecclesiastical History—, and Stuart's Armagh.
—7
'i.
. . "
and his successors
abbotsand bishops
wereannexed the see Dublin the twelfth century.
REIGN OF HENRY VII.
321
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Dermott,
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overtook
forces they proceeded to Ard Anchoilin to attack | portion of the cattle-prey which they had seized; him; they dismounted and defeated the son of he pursued them from thence to Tulsk, where Do-
ticularly in Scotland, and even in many countries of the Continent.
In Ireland numerous churches were dedicated in honour of St.
Bridget, and hence many parishes and other places in Ireland are
called Killbride, signifying the Church of Bridget, or St. Bride, and | These, and some other bishops and archbishops of Dublin in the
t s ! - -!
in Scotland many places have beenalso named from her Killbride;
a vast number of holy wells in honour of St. Bridget, are also to
be found in various parts of Ireland, and St. Bridget, with SS.
Patrick and Columkille, have been always associated as the three
great patron saints of Ireland. The holy fire of St. Bridget at
Kildare has been mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis, Ware, and
others, but Lanigan and others consider these accounts as referable
to the sacred fire kept by the vestal virgins there, in the times of
Druidism; it is stated by Ware, Archdall, and others, that the
nuns of St. Bridget at Kildare preserved for many ages a perpe- || Kells, those prelates being until the twelfth century only styled tual sacred fire, but that in the year 1220, it was extinguished by
eleventh and twelfth centuries, received their consecration from the archbishops of Canterbury, and were in canonical obedience bound to the metropolitan see of England; but in A. D. 1162, Laurence O'Toole, the celebrated archbishop of Dublin, was con- secrated by Gelasius, archbishop of Armagh, and the custom ceased of the archbishops of Dublin going for consecration to Canterbury. Gregory, who was consecrated in A. D. 1121, was in A. D. 1is2, the first who got the title of archbishop of Dublin, from Cardinal John Paparo, the Pope's legate at the council of
-
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stated, were annexed Dublin the twelfth century; and
the
The Diocese
part the county
iow, and parts
the sees Kildare, Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin, the ecclesias- tical province Leinster, are subject the jurisdiction the archiepiscopal see Dublin.
them,
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and recovered a
Armagh primates Ireland.
Dublin and Glendalough comprises the greater
-gether with great part Wick:
Dublin, to
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322 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1489.
that his own galloglasses deceived and turned
against O'Conor, defeated him, and slew the son
of Connor Buighe, the son of Cormac, of his party,
Mac-an-Bhulbaidh (the son of Boulby), lord of Crioch Bulbach, along the Barrow, died.
O'Gobhan (O’Gowan or Smith), i. e. Mahon,
with many others, and also took a small portion of the son of Torlogh, died.
the cattle-herd from him; O'Conor, however,
happily escaped from his rebellious troops, and took
his cattle with him into Hy Maine.
Owen, son of Felim O'Conor, i. e. Felim, the
son of Owen, son of Donal, son of Murtogh, son
of the lord of Carbury (in Sligo), and the two sons of Murtogh, son of Owen, namely, Murtogh Oge,
and John, were treacherously slain by Calvach Caoch, son of Donal, son of Owen; and O’Donnell,
who was the security between them, preyed and spoiled Carbury, in revenge of this crime, and the
violation of their compact.
Colman, son of Art, son of Cormac Ballach
O’Melaghlin, was killed by Con, the son of Art,
son of Con, son of Cormac Ballach O’Melaglin. The Calvach, son of Hugh, son of Hugh Roe,
the son of Niall Garv O’Donnell, died.
Murrogh, son of Roderick Mac Sweeny, was kil led by the earl of Desmond, namely, Maurice, the son of Thomas, in Ely O'Carroll; and his brother,
Maolmurry Mac Sweeny, was moreover taken pri soner by him.
Dermod, son of Bryan Duv O’Connor, was slain
by Hugh, the son of Conor, and by the sons of Ro derick MacDermott, at Ath-Leime-na-Girre; but
Hugh was greatly wounded by Dermod, and Bryan,
son of Conor, the son of O'Conor Roe, a learned
tanist, was killed in retaliation for him, by Teige
Buighe, the son of Cathal Roe O'Conor, in Moy Murchadha.
Con, son of Torlogh Roe O'Conor, died.
A great contest arose between the two O’Conors, and O'Conor Roe marched with his forces to Bal
lintobber of St. Bridget, and demolished the 13awn of the town; the chiefs of the tribe of Teige Oge came and submitted to him, namely O'Flynn, Mac Ceithearny, and O’Mulbrenam. O'Conor marched with a force to Beol Coilleadh," cleared the way, and the people of Airteach gave him hostages.
The sons of O'Conor were defeated at Seaghais
(in Roscommon), by the sons of Roderick Mac Dermott.
O'Conor marched with his forces against the sons of William O'Kelly (of Hy Maine, in Galway), on
The son of Mac Carthy, i. e. Dermod, son of which occasion he burned and cut the passage of
Teige, son of Donal Oge, was killed by the same earl.
Thomas Butler, the son of Richard, was killed
by John, the son of Richard Butler.
Richard, son of Felim, son of Fergal O’Reilly,
Cluainin, and also cut and destroyed much corn. The sons of William O'Kelly did great damage to O'Maolconry and his kinsmen, in retaliation.
Hugh, son of O'Conor, and Owen, were trea cherously taken prisoners by the sons of O’Kelly; and Duvthach O'Maolconry was taken along with
was killed by the son of John Oge Plunkett.
Patrick, the son of the Knight of Kerry, was them and imprisoned.
killed by Mac Carthy More, namely, Teige the son of Donal Oge.
Niall and Art, the sons of Con, son of Hugh
Buighe, son of Bryan Ballach O’Neill, committed Annally, and many depredations and evils were
depredations on Henry, the son of Henry, son of committed by them on each other, until the lord Owen O’Neill; and Cahir O’Conor was slain on justice made peace between them, and settled the that occasion. chieftainship between the son of John, and the son
Mac Quillan, i. e. Seinicin Roe, the son of Ri of Cathal (O'Ferrall).
chard, was treacherously killed by Walter, son of Cormac, son of Seinicin Mac Quillan.
A. D. 1489.
1. Beol Coilleadh. Signifies the entrance of the wood, and
appears to have been situated in Airteach, a district which was part of Mac Dermott's country, in the barony of Boyle, county of Roscommon, towards the borders of Mayo and Galway; and at this passageof Sir William Betham's copy of the Four Masters, is
Cluan Tuaiscirt of the Shannon (Clontuskert, in Galway), was plundered by the tribe of Lisagh,
a note in the hand-writing of the celebrated Charles O'Conor of Belenagar, the author of Dissertations on the History of Ireland, &c. , in which he says, as follows: “Beol Coilleadh is my residence, in which I am reading this book this night, on the 13th Novem.
Conor Mac Dermott was taken prisoner by Torlogh O'Conor.
A great commotion arose amongst the people of
ber, 1775. ” -
REIGN OF IIICNRY VII. 323
the son of Rossa (O'Ferrall); and another success Roderick Buighe, were slain; and Donogh, the
ful depredation was committed in retaliation in son ofTorlogh Mac Dugald, and many of their Tirlicin (Tinnelick, in Longford), by the O’Han galloglasses and kerns, were taken prisoners.
leys, on the clan of Lisagh. O'Conor, i. e. Felim Fionn, the son of Teige,
The peace (which had been made by the lord son of Torlogh Roe O'Conor, a brave and warlike justice), between the two O'Ferralls, was dissol man, who spread terror in every country about wed; and the son of John committed a great de him, and a man whom the Siol Murray (people of
predation on the son of Cathal, the son of Thomas. John Mac Branan (of Roscommon), was nomi nated the Mac Branan, by O’Conor and by Mac
Connaught, Mac Oiragh the tomb
Torlogh, the son Torlogh O'Boyle, was pitched
(Mac Geraghty), and was interred Dermott; and on that day he forgave half a mark of his ancestors at Roscommon.
on Ballinvalaigh to the O'Maolconrys, which had been charged by his predecessors for a long period.
Malachy, son of Loghlin O'Maolconry, died on his professional visitation in Munster.
Sile (or Julia), the daughter of Dermod Andun aidh Mac Carthy, the wife of Torlogh O'Brien, a worthy representative of a queen of Cashel, died.
from his horse while running race Murbhaigh (in Donegal), which
O'Gormley, i. e. Murtogh, the son
son Conor, and Conor Roe, the son Maguire, died.
Iomaire died.
Henry, Gillpatrick
The sheep of Meath along the sea coast from
Dublin to Drogheda ran into the sea in despite of Maguire, aided by the clan Conor.
Roscommon), expected would unite died Easter Monday, the house
Roderick, son Philip, son Cuchonacht, was
killed the sons Bryan, the son Conor Oge
their shepherds, and never returned. O'Felan died.
O’Kane, i. e. John, the son Aibhne, son
Dermod, was taken prisoner by the crew ship
which came from Inbher Air (Inverary, Scot
land).
Hugh, son Maolmora, son John O’Reilly,
A. D. 1490.
still numerous the counties former times the Fagans
possessions,and account many them the thirteenth, four teenth, and fifteenth centuries, who were high-sheriffs Meath and Dublin, and held other important offices, given D'Alton's History the county Dublin; and modern times many them were distinguished inilitary commanders the British and French service.
XVII. The O'Connollys were former times numerous and respectable the counties Meath, Dublin, and Kildare. The Right Hon. William Connolly, about century ago, held the ex tensive estates Rathfarnham, and other adjoining districts the county Dublin; and the Right Hon. Thomas Connolly, the
joy the said land, and shall hold all the liberties and free customs which have may have therein, the aforesaid service, from me and my heirs, well and peaceably, freely, quietly, and honour ably,
celebrated speaker the Irish most magnificent mansions These Conollys were probably
Commons, had one the near Leixlip, Kildare.
descent, though stated
this my charter Witness, earl Richard Gilbert; William Brosa, and many others, Weisford. ” King John confirmed this grant Walter Lacy, lord Meath, the son Hugh, the ninth year his reign, by
the services before-mentioned, and gave him besides his fees
House Ireland,
Irish
confirm him (Strongbow), son
have been English sir Jonah Barrington his Rise and Fall the Irish Nation; and may observed, that, above shown
are mentioned O'Dugan lords Fingall near Dublin; and may anoth, Mac Giollamocholmog, lord
princes Fine Gall, that observed, that there was
territory the borders Cualan.
Wicklow, and mentioned the note
XXI. O’Muircheartaigh O'Murtogh, chief the tribe ter
ritory O'Maine; and O'Modarn, chief Kinel Eochain, are mentioned O'Dugan chiefs over the Britons Welsh, and
- XXII. Mac Muireagain, prince East Liffey, mentioned the Annals some battles with the Danes the tenth century.
O'Duffy, archbishop Tuam, died
his age, and was buried the abbey
the annalists the most eminent prelate
for wisdom and hospitality; Annals Inisfallen, convened
five hundred priests, consider
rick, son Torlogh O'Conor, king
taken prisoner Tiarnan O'Rourke, prince Brefney, and kept
confinement his father Torlogh. Cadhla Catholicus O’Duffy, prelate eminent for learning and wisdom, was arch bishop Tuam for period forty years, the latter end the twelfth century, and died 1201, very advanced age, the abbey Cong; was one the ambassadorswho,
1175, concluded treaty peace Oxford, betweenking Henry II. and king Roderick O'Conor; and 1179 was one the
Irish prelates who attended the council Lateran. Flanachan O'Duffy, bishop Elphin, died 168; and William O’Duffy, Franciscan friar, bishop Clonmacnois, died 1297. Seve
ral abbots the name are mentioned the annalists; amongst others, Flanachan O’Duffy, abbot Roscommon, and prelector Tuam, who died 1097. Muiredhach O’Duffy established the abbey Boyle Roscommon, 1161, and another Muir edhach O'Duffy, abbot Roscommon, died 1174, ad vanced age.
XVI. The Fagans, some whom have been called O'Fagans
The O’Melaghlins, kings Meath and princes Bregia, and the other princes Bregia mentioned the preceding part this
1150, the 75th year Cong; praised
article, ruled over all those parts the present county north the river Liffey and the Danish kings Dublin
Dublin,
Ireland his time, the year 1143, according the synod twelve bishops and the means ransoming Rode
the already
Connaught, who had been
Meath Hugh Lacy. —In Anglo-Norman nobleman,descended Lincoln, England, and whom an
appear
have been located near Dublin.
ninth, tenth, eleventh, and part explained, ruled over that part Fingall.
Grant the Kingdom 172, Hugh Lacy,
from the Lacys, earls
account has been given
grant from king Henry II. , for the service fifty knights, the ancient kingdom Meath, which comprised, already stated, the present counties Meath and Westmeath, part Longford, with the greater part the county Dublin, and parts Kil dare and King's county; Lacy was inade Lord Palatine Meath, having all the power and privileges independent prince, hold that great territory with all the authority which
had been held Murtogh O'Melaghlin, then king Meath, according the following document conferring the grant, dated Wexford, 172,and thus given Ware, translated from
the twelfth century,
the county Dublin called
note page these Annals, got
Eng the all his all his dominions, greeting know that have given and granted,
the original Latin. —“Henry, the grace God, king land, duke Normandy and Acquitain, and earl Anjou, archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, and ministers, and faithful subjects, French, English, and Irish,
wood and plain, meadows and pastures, waters and warrens and ponds, fishings and huntings, ways and
mills,
paths,
the said land, with all liberties which have therein, can grant
sea-ports and all other places and things appertaining
--
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baronsof Moyashell in Westmeath; the Nangles, baronsof Navan; the Husseys, barons of Galtrim in Meath; the Phepoes and Mar wards, barons of Skreen in Meath, and of Santry in Dublin, &c. Almost the whole of Ireland was in like manner granted by Henry II. , and other kings of England, to various great Anglo-Norman families, of whom full accounts have been given in the course of these topographical annotations, as, for instance, various counties of Leinster, to the descendants of Strongbow, and to the Marshalls, earls of Pembroke; Kildare, to the de Veseys and Fitzgeralds, earls of Kildare; Cork and Kerry to the Fitzgeralds, earls of Desmond, and the Fitzmaurices, earls of Kerry, the de Co gans, Carews, Barrys, Roches, and others; Kilkenny and Tip perary to the Butlers, earls of Ormond, and others; Waterford to the le Poers; Clare and Limerick to the de Clares, &c. ; Con naught to the de Burgos or Burkes, lords of Connaught, and earls of Ulster, the de Berminghams, barons of Athenry, and many others; and Ulster to John de Courcy and his followers; but as stated in the historical relations of sir John Davies, none of the Irish lords got a grant of his country for the space of three hun dred years after the arrival of the English in Ireland, except O'Brien, king of Thomond, who got a grant of part of his own country, but only during the minority of king Henry III. , and Roderick O'Conor, king of Connaught, to whom king Henry II. granted the privilege of holding in subjection to him his kingdom of Connaught.
The Counties of Dublin and Kildare. —Parts of the territories of Moy Liffey and Bregia, with a portion of Cualan, were formed into the county of Dublin, A. D. 1210, in the reign or king John, and according to D'Alton's History of Dublin, page 39, the county of Dublin, in the sixteenth century, extended from Balrothery to Arklow, thus comprising a great part of the present county of Wicklow.
monarchs, about nine centuries before the Christian era, according our old annalists, gold mine was discovered near the river
REIGN OF HENRY VII. 317
proceeded to Belfast, where he took and demolish O’Reilly, John, the son Torlogh, son
ed the castle, and returned home safe, with im John, and O'Ferrall, Cormac, the son John,
mense booty.
Fingall, in the vale of Dublin, by the services of seven knights, to
hold to him and his heirs for ever. De Lacy reserved to himself
a great part of this extensive territory, and had his chief residence
at Trim, where he erected a large and strong castle, of which some
magnificent ruins still remain ; he also built many other castles in
Meath and Westineath, but was killed A. D. 1186, as recorded in
these Annals, by an Irish galloglass, with the blow of a battle-axe,
which cut off his head, at Durrow, in the King's county, where he
was superintending the erection of a castle. The de Lacy's, his
descendants, were for a long time very powerful as lords of Meath,
and earls of Ulster, in which titles they were succeeded by the
great families of the de Genevilles, lords of Meath ; and the Mor
timers, lords of Meath, and earls of Ulster, and earls of March, in
England. Hugh de Lacy conferred extensive grants in various
parts of the kingdom of Meath, on several Anglo-Norman chiefs
who were styled de Lacy's barons, and of whom an account has
been given in the note on Meath; amongst others the de Nogents
or Nugents, who becamebarons of Delvin, and earls of Westmeath;
the Flemings, barons of Slane; the Tyrrells, barons of Castle Gold Mines. —In the reign Tigearnmas, one the Milesian knock, near Dublin; the Petits, barons of Mullingar; the Tuites,
his Hibernia Anglicana, John, duke Bedford, regent France, and brother king Henry V. , obtained, the reign Henry VI. A. D. 1426, patent for all the mines gold and silver England and Ireland, ren dering the church tenth part, the king the fifteenth part, sey, and rich and cultivated plains present vast number and twentieth part the owner the soil; from this might
may signify either the Wood Oaks,
the Church
atoes.
The county Dublin abounds scenery great magnificence
and beauty along mountains, sea-coast, and the vale the Lif
fine demesnesand splendid seats the nobility and gentry. The inferred that there were mines gold and silver Ireland territory ancient Bregia, comprising great part the present that time. From the vast quantities massiveornaments very
son
Donal, plundered the plain Brawney, (in
counties
Meath and Dublin, and containing about half million the finest lands Ireland, presents vast plains un
acres bounded fertility.
The Curragh Kildare, celebrated race-course, extensive tract about six miles length, and two breadth, con taining about five thousand acres; level gently undula ting plain surpassing beauty, covered with the most exquisite verdure, and forms more delightful lawn than the hand art has ever made.
The Bog of Allen chiefly situated Kildare, but also ex tends into the King's and Queen's counties, and partly into West
meath, and acres;
estimated contain about three hundred thousand like the other bogs Ireland, composed chiefly the ancient forests oak, pine, yew, hazel, birch, alder,
remains
mountain-ash, and poplar, and the vast quantity bogs Ireland
shews the great extent the forests former times, and hence
one the ancient names Ireland was Flodh-Inis, signifying the Woody-Island.
Liffey, and the gold was worked named Uachadan, the men Cualan, explained, comprised the county
artificer skilled metals, territory which, already Wicklow, with some the
southern part Dublin; this Uachadan supposed have been one the Tuath De Danan, who were famous for their skill the arts, and after they had beenconquered the Milesians, continued
the chief artificers the kingdom, workers metals, builders, mechanics, &c. ancient Irish poem the Tuath De Danan, the celebrated Flann, abbot Monaster Boyce Louth, the eleventh century, contained the Book Bally mote, account given the gold mine discovered near the
In the reign of king John, parts of the territories of Moy Liffey, Offaley, Leix, and Cualan, were formed into the county of Kildare, but it was only a liberty dependant on the jurisdiction of the sheriffs of Dublin until A. D. 1296, in the reign of Edward w*hen Kildare was constituted distinct county. was called
“It was Tigearnmas first established Ireland
The art dyeing cloth purple and other colours, And the ornamenting drinking cups, and goblets, And breast pins, for mantles, gold and silver.
“And by his directions Uachadan Cualan Was the first man his tribe, record, Who ingeniously introduced the operation Of refining gold this kingdom Erin. ”
modern times Wicklow has become celebrated for its gold mines, discovered the mountain Croghan Kinshella, near Ark low, the year 1796, by one the country people, who found small piece pure gold rivulet running from the mountain,
and the fame this having soon spread, vast numbers the pea santry assembled make further searches,and collected few months this alluvial gold washed down the mountain streams, about three thousand ounces, which sold for about ten thousand pounds sterling; some the pieces found were very large, and one solid lump nearly pure gold weighed twenty-three ounces, another eighteen, others ten and seven ounces, and
pieces one ounce, half ounce, quarter ounce, &c. This na tive gold was beautiful rich yellow, and very fine, being only alloyed with minute portions silver, copper, iron. The government took the mines into their possession, and worked them for about two years, but then abandoned them, not suffi ciently productive. According Cox,
Coill-Lara, signifying the Wood Oaks, oak forests abounded there ancient times, or, according others, Cill-Dara, which meant the Church the Oaks, said the first church founded the now town Kildare was built amidst oaks, hence
Liffey, which thus from the poem:—
mentioned the following passage translated
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3. 18 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1489.
Westmeath), and Donogh, son of Bryan Caoch,
son of Donal Buighe O'Ferrall, was slain on that expedition.
remote antiquity, made of pure gold, as torques, or golden collars, bracelets, gorgets, large rings, crescents, balls, &c. , found buried in bogs and in the earth in various parts of Ireland, it is considered that there were gold mines extensively worked in ancient times, of which there are now no records to be found; and it is difficult to account for the origin of so much gold, unless it might have been brought to Ireland by traders from Spain, or other countries with which the Irish had intercourse in those early ages. The Danes are said to have worked gold and silver mines in different parts of Ireland, and they established mints in Dublin and other places, and many of the silver coins of Sitrick, and other Danish kings of Dublin, still remain in museums in Ireland, of which accounts may be found in Simon's work on Irish coins; and in Fraser's Survey of Wexford it is stated, that in the tenth century the Danes worked silver mines at Clonmines, near Wexford, and had a mint, and coined money in that city. In Wicklow are extensive copper and lead mines, and in various parts of Dublin are lead mines, many of which contain silver, as mentioned in Archer's and Dutton's Surveys of Dublin. A full account of various valuable mines, in different counties, will be found in that admirable work, Kane's
Industrial Resources of Ireland. Numerous remains of cromleacs, sepulchral mounds, raths, round towers, and other antiquities, as mentioned in the preceding parts of the notes on Moy Liffey, toge ther with ruins of castles, abbeys, churches, &c. , exist in various parts of Dublin and Kildare, of which accounts may be found in the Antiquities of Ware and Grose, in the Topographies of Seward and Lewis, and Rawson's Survey of Kildare; on the county of Dublin, D'Alton's valuable history will afford ample information.
The English Pale. —The term Pale, signifying a fence or inclo sure, was applied to those English settlements in Ireland within which their laws and authority prevailed, and the designation Pale appears to have been first applied to the English territory
about the beginning of the fourteenth century. Spenser in his View of Ireland, written in the reign of Elizabeth, speaking of the
Tomaltach, son of Bryan Mac Donogh, was killed by Hugh, the son of Donal Cam Mac Do nogh, and his sons.
no felony to kill a mere Irishman in time of peace; and it appears that if an Englishman killed one of the mere Irish, he was only fined a mark. Various penal laws against the native Irish were passed in the parliaments of the Pale, particularly the Statute of Kilkenny, A. D. 1367, in the reign of Edward III. , which prohi bited, under the penalty of high treason, any intermarriages, fos terage, or similar connections, between the families of English descent and the native Irish; and imprisonment, fines, and for feiture of lands and goods, were inflicted on such English as per mitted the Irish to pasture or graze their cattle on their lands; and similar penalties, prohibiting the appointment or promotion of any of the native Irish to bishops'sees,abbacies,church livings, or any ecclesiastical preferments; and that any person of English race speaking the Irish language, or adopting Irish names, dress, customs, or manners, should forfeit all their goods, lands, and tenements. In the reigns of the Henrys and Edwards, various other penal laws were passed against the native Irish, to compel them to change their names and take English surnames; to give up the use of the Irish language, and speak only English; to adopt the English dress, manners, and customs; to cut off their glibs, or flowing locks, and shave their upper lips at least once in a fortnight, otherwise to be punished as Irish enemies. The Irish resisted the relinquishment of their ancient customs, as they were extremely partial to wearing long flowing hair and beards on their upper lips, and notwithstanding these penal enactments, the Irish
continued for centuries to use only their own language, manners, and customs.
The Knights of St. George. —In the reign of Edward IV. , the Knights or Brotherhood of St. George, so called from their cap tain or chief commander being elected annually on St. George's day, was instituted for the defence of the English Pale; and their force consisted of two hundred armed men, namely, 120 archers on horseback, with 40 other horsemen, and 40 pages. This fra ternity of men-at-arms, as stated by Sir John Davies, Cox, and others, was instituted A. D. 1475, and consisted of thirteen of the most noble and worthy persons in the four counties of the Pale; and on its first formation the persons appointed were Thomas Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, Sir Roland FitzEustace, baron of Port lester, and Sir Robert Eustace, for the county of Kildare; Ro bert St. Lawrence, baron of Howth, Sir Robert Dowdall, and the Mayor of Dublin, for the county of Dublin; Robert Preston, vis count Gormanstown, Edward Plunkett, seneschal of Meath, Alex ander Plunkett, and Barnaby Barnwall, for the county of Meath; and for the county of Louth, Sir Laurence Taaffe, Richard Bellew, and the Mayor of Drogheda. This military society continued for about twenty years, but in A. D. 1495, in the reign of Henry VII. ,
invasion of Edward Bruce, in the year 1316, says, “he burned
and spoiled all the old English Pale. ” The extent of the Pale
varied much at different periods, and Spenser says again of Bruce's
forces, “they marched forth into the English Pale, which then
was chiefly in the North, from the point of Dunluce (county of
Antrim), and beyond into Dublin, having in the midst Knock
fergus (Carrickfergus), Belfast, Armagh, and Carlingford, which
are now the most out-bounds and abandoned places in the English
Pale, and indeed not counted of the English Pale at all, for it
stretcheth now no further than Dundalk towards the North. ”
According as the English power extended, so did the Pale, and it
was considered to comprise at some periods the counties of Antrim,
Down, part of Armagh, Louth, Meath, Westmeath, Dublin, Kil was suppressed, the taxes levied for its support becoming obnoxi dare, King's and Queen's Counties, Carlow, Kilkenny, Tipperary,
Waterford, Wexford, and part of Wicklow; but in general the name of the Pale was confined to the counties of Dublin, Louth, Meath, and Kildare. Campion in his Chronicle says, “An old distinction there is of Ireland into Irish and English Pales, for when the Irish had raised continual tumults against the English planted here with the conquest, at last they coursed them into a narrow circuit of certain shires in Leinster, which the English did choose as the fattest soil, most defensible, their proper right, and most open to receive help from England; hereupon it was termed their Pale, as whereout they durst not peep ; but now, both within this Pale uncivil Irish and some rebels do dwell, and without it countries and cities English are well governed. ” It appears that the Irish who dwelt within the Pale, and acknowledged English authority, were considered as subjects, and had to a certain extent the protection of English laws; but all the Irish outside the Pale were styled Irish enemies, not being recognised as sub jects; while the Anglo-Irish, or Irish of English descent, who resisted the government, were termed English rebels, being
accounted as subjects. The native Irish, according to Sir John Davies, being reputed as aliens, or rather enemies, it was adjudged
ous, and the body not having accomplished the objects of its institution.
The Parliaments. --An account of the great national conven tions held at Tara and other places, the parliaments of ancient Ireland, has been given at page 297, in the note on Bregia. After the Anglo-Norman invasion, the Anglo-Irish barons and chief governors held many great councils, sometimescalled parliaments, in the reigns of Henry II. , King John, Henry III. , and Edward
but according Lord Mountmorres, his history the Irish parliament, the first parliament regularly assembled Ireland
was the beginning the fourteenth century, A. D. 1316, the reign Edward II. , and convened consequence the invasion Ireland Edward Bruce. Numerous parliaments were held during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, particularly the celebrated parliament Kilkenny, convened the lord lieute nant, Lionel, duke Clarence, A. D. 1367, the reign Edward
III. , which was passed the act called the Statute Kilkenny, enacting several penal laws against the Irish, above stated
the account the English Pale; and the less celebrated par liament held Drogheda, A. D. 1494, the reign Henry VII. , the lord deputy, Sir Edward Poyning, which was passed the
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Hugh, i. e. the O'Conor, the son of Felim Fionn, was taken prisoner by the sons of O'Kelly.
Torlogh, the son of Felim Fionn O'Conor, the
act called Poyning's Law, which rendered the Irish parliament completely subordinate to the parliament of England, and no act
could be passed in Ireland without the assent of the privy council and parliament of England. The Irish, or rather Anglo-Irish,
parliaments were convened chiefly in Dublin, but often also at various other cities and towns, as Drogheda, Trim, Kildare, Naas, Castledermot, Carlow, Kilkenny, Cashel, Limerick, Waterford, and Wexford. These parliaments, it appears, were confined to Leinster, Munster, and Meath, and chiefly to those counties con stituting the English Pale, namely, Dublin, Louth, Meath, and Kildare, as in those times the English authority was not suffici ently established in Ulster and Connaught, those provinces not being all formed into counties, or sheriffs regularly appointed at that period. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Irish princes and chiefs did not acknowledge the English authority, nor attend the parliaments, which were composed of the English or Anglo-Irish barons, bishops, and officers of state; but in the sixteenth century, in the reigns of Henry VIII. , Edward VI. , Mary, and Elizabeth, many of the Irish chiefs having made their submission, and some of them having received peerages, several of them attended the parliaments, and appear to have first attended at a parliament held in Dublin, A. D. 1525, in the reign of Henry VIII. , by the lord deputy, Gerald Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, of which an account is given in those Annals at that year, where it is stated that O’Neill, O'Donnell, and other chiefs, were present. In 1541, a great parliament was assembled in Dublin, by the lord deputy, Anthony St. Leger, which conferred on Henry VIII, the title of King of Ireland, the kings of England being until that time only styled Lords of Ireland; and at this parliament, amongst other Irish princes and chiefs, as mentioned in the despatches of St Leger, and in the state papers at that period, attended Bryan Mac Gillpatrick, or Fitzpatrick, who had been created baron of Upper Ossory ; O'Moore, lord of Leix ; O'Cavanagh, of Carlow; and the great O'Reilly, lord of East Brefney or Cavan, who appeared in a splendid dress, which had been sent to him as a present by his Majesty. In 1568, in the reign of Elizabeth, a great parliament was held in Dublin by the lord deputy, Sir Henry Sydney, in which rules were established for the regulation of the Irish parliament, similar to those of the parliament of England, and many of the Irish chiefs attended. It appears that in early times the barons, bishops, knights, citi zens, and burgesses, or representatives both of the nobility and commons, sat all together in one assembly; but either in the reign of Henry VIII. or Elizabeth, they were separated into two houses, or lords and commons, the nobility and bishops in the house of peers, and the knights, citizens, and burgesses, or repre sentatives of counties, cities, and boroughs, or corporate towns, in the house of commons; and a third place of meeting was also appointed for the clergy, called the house of convocation, where met the archbishops, and bishops, and also the mitred abbots, who sat likewise as spiritual peers or lords of parliament, and the archdeacons, deans, and proctors, also attended parliament. In 1585, in the reign of Elizabeth, a great parliament was convened in Dublin by the lord deputy, Sir John Perrott, and a full account of it is given in these Annals at that year. In Perrott's parlia ment a far greater number of the Irish chiefs attended than ever had before. In A. D. 1613, in the reign of James great par liament was held Dublin by the lord deputy, Sir Arthur Chi chester, which attended great many the representatives the chief Milesian families. Down this time the old Irish regu
best lord’s son of his age that lived of his tribe for a long time, was slain by the sons of Roderick,
son of Felim (O'Conor), aided by the son of Mac
Irish Volunteers, under the earl Charlemont, the duke Lein ster, Grattan, Flood, and other eminent men; but after period eighteen years, the Irish parliament was extinguished, and be came merged that Great Britain, the year 1800, by the
Act of Union.
Anglo-Norman and English Possessors. -In the account the grant the kingdom Meath Hugh de Lacey by king Henry II. , explained the preceding part this article, Lacey and his barons became possessed the greater part the present county Dublin. Hugh Tyrrell got the territory about Castleknock, which was long held by his descendants barons
Castleknock the Phepoes got Santry and Clontarf, and,
according Mac Geoghegan, Vivian Cursun got the district Ratheney, near Dublin, which belonged Gillacolm, Giol
lamocholmog.
In the County and City Dublin, the following have been
the principal families Anglo-Norman and English descent from the twelfth the eighteenth century:—The Talbots, Tyrrells, Plunketts, Prestons, Barnwalls, St. Lawrences, Taylors, Cruises, Cusacks, Cogans, Whites, Walshes, Walls, Warrens, Wogans, Woodlocks, Darcys, Nettervilles, Marwards, Phepoes, Fitzwil liams, Fitzsimons, Flemmings, Archbolds, Archers, Allens, Ayl mers, Balls, Bagots, De Bathes, Butlers, Barrys, Barrets, Ber minghams, Bretts, Bellews, Blakes, Brabazons, Finglases, Sweet mans, Hollywoods, Howths, Husseys, Burnells, Dowdalls, Dillons, Segraves, Sarsfields, Stanihurts, Lawlesses, Cadells, Evanses, Drakes, Graces, Palmers, Eustaces, Fyans, Fosters, Goughs, Berrills, Bennetts, Browns, Duffs, Nangles, Woders, Tuites, Tews, Trants, Peppards, Luttrells, Rawsons, Vernons, Delahoydes, Ushers, Garnetts, Hamiltons, Domvilles, Coghills, Cobbs, Grattans, Molesworths, Latouches, Putlands, Beresfords, Shaws, Smiths, &c. Accounts all those families, and others, will found
D'Alton's Histories Dublin and Drogheda.
In the County Kildare, the following have been the chieffa milies Anglo-Norman and English descent: Earl Strongbow,
having become heir the kingdom Leinster, son-in-law Dermod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, whose daughter Eva he
lated their affairs according Brehon laws, but the reign
their ancient institutions, called James the laws Brehonism act parliament. The Irish par
Marshall, earl Pembroke, by Isabella, daughter Strongbow, and grand daughter Dermod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster,
and Sibilla, having married William Ferrars, earl Derby,
came, right his wife, lord Kildare, which title passed, intermarriage his daughter Agnes William Vesey, An glo-Norman nobleman the Veseys, barons Knapton York shire, and this William Vesey was appointed king Edward lord justice Ireland, and was lord Kildare and Rathangan; but having some contests with John FitzThomas Fitzgerald, baron
and Tanistry were abolished
liaments were great extent independent the parliaments England until the passing Poyning's law 1494, which ren dered the Irish parliament subordinate that England, and continued force for period 288 years, namely, i782, when the independence the Irish parliament was obtained the
be
REIGN OF HENRY VII. 319
had married, gave grants various parts
ers, which accounts are given Ware,
Harris's Hibernica, and the chronicles
Amongst other grants, Strongbow gave
Fitzgerald, Naas, Offelan, which had been O'Kelly's country; Myler Fitzhenry gave Carberry; Robert Bermingham, Offaley, part O'Conor's country; Adam and Richard Hereford, large territory about Leixlip, and the district De Saltu Salmonis, the Salmon Leap, from which the barony Salt de rived its name; and Robert Fitz Richard gave the barony Narragh. The family Riddlesford, the reign king John, got the district Castledermot, which was part the territory O'Toole, prince Imaile, Wicklow, and Richard St. Michael got from king John the district Rheban, near Athy, part O'Moore's country, and from the St. Michaels, lords Rheban, the manors Rheban and Woodstock, Kildare, with Dunamase
the Queen's county, passed the Fitzgeralds, barons Offaley, the year 1424, the marriage Thomas Fitzgerald with Do
rothea, daughter Anthony O'Moore, prince Leix. ginning the thirteenth century, already explained the notes Ossory, Offaley, and Leix, the county
the be 250,
Kildare became the inheritance Sibilla, one the daughters William
Leinster his follow Maurice Regan, Hanmer and Campion.
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320 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1489.
Dermott, by the tribe of O'Conor Roe, and by the son of Hugh, son of Roderick, at Caislean Riab hach (Castlerea, in Roscommon).
of Offaley, who charged him with high treason, it was awarded to decide their disputes by single combat, but de Vesey, having de clined the combat, and fled to France, was attainted, and his pos
A combined commotion arose against O’Conor, by Roderick, the son of Felim, by the tribe of Teige Oge, and of Teige Roe, and by the tribe of
cullen in Kildare, of Portlester in Meath, and viscounts of Baltin glass in Wicklow ; the Burkes, barons of Naas, and earls of Mayo; the Berminghams, barons of Carberry ; the Wellesleys, barons of
Narragh; the Allens, viscounts of Allen in Kildare, and barons of Stillorgan in Dublin; the Burghs barons Down ; the Pomeroys,
barons Harberton, and viscounts of Carberry ; the Agars, barons of Somerton, and earls of Normanton ; the Lawlesses, barons of Cloncurry; and the barons de Robeck; the Moores, marquesses and earls of Drogheda, and barons of Mellifont in Louth, reside at Monastereven in Kildare; the Scotts, earls of Clonmel, and also the family of Clements, earls of Leitrim, have seats in Kildare.
Ecclesiastical Divisions. —The following have beenthe bishops' seesat various periods in the territories now forming the counties of Dublin and Kildare, of which these accounts have been collected from the works of Ware, Usher, Colgan, Lanigan, Archdall, and various other sources.
St. Bridget. —The three great tutelar saints of Ireland were Patrick, Bridget, and Columkille, of each of whom numerous lives have been collected and published by the learned John Colgan, an Irish Franciscan of the monastery of Louvain, in the Netherlands, in the seventeenth century, in his great work styled Trias Thau maturga, or the wonder-working Triad, so called in allusion to those three illustrious Irish saints. St. Bridget was of the race of the Heremonians of Leinster, the daughter of a prince named Dubhthach, who was of the same descent as the celebrated Con of the Hundred Battles, monarch of Ireland in the latter end of the second century. Bridget was born, according to Usher, Colgan, Lanigan, and others, in the middle of the fifth century, about A. D. 453, and, according to Lanigan, was only about twelve years old at the time of St. Patrick's death, therefore he considers those accounts erroneous which make her cotemporary with St.
Patrick;
sessions and titles were conferred on Fitzgerald, who, in A. D.
1316, was created, by king Edward II. , earl of Kildare, a title
which his descendants still hold, and in modern times were created
dukes of Leinster. The Fitzgeralds, descended from the Anglo
Norman baron, Maurice Fitzgerald, who cameover with Strongbow,
and of whom an account has been given at p. 42, in one of the notes
to these Annals, became one of the most powerful families in
Ireland, as earls of Kildare and earls of Desmond, and for a period
of more than five hundred years the earls of Kildare have held
their rank and great possessions, and many of them have been
lords lieutenant and chief governors of Ireland at various times during the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centu
ries. The other chief families of English descent in Kildare have been the Aylmers, Archbolds, Bagots, Burghs or Burkes, Butlers, Breretons, Burroughs, Boyces, Dungans, Keatings, Eustaces or Fitz Eustaces, Prestons, Lawlesses, Wogans, Warrens, Whites, Woulfes, Ponsonbys, Nangles, Horts, &c. Some of the Aylmers of Kildare becamebarons of Balrath in Meath, and Arthur Woulfe, chief justice of the King's Bench, who was created viscount Kil warden, was of the Woulfes of Kildare.
Nobility —The following have been the noble families in Dub lin and Kildare from the reign of king John to the present time.
In Dublin the de Lacy's were lords of Meath, and of a great
part of Dublin. In the year 1384, Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford,
lord lieutenant of Ireland, was created marquess of Dublin, and
duke of Ireland, and in the royal family some of the dukes of Cum
berland were earls of Dublin; the Talbots, a branch of the Talbots, earls of Shrewsbury, Waterford, and Wexford, have been celebra
ted families in Dublin and Meath, chiefly at Malahide and Bel her birth-place was Fochart, in the district of Muirthemline, in
gard in Dublin, and were created barons of Malahide, and barons
Orgiall, now Faughart, near Dundalk, in the county of Louth, and St. Bernard, in his Life of St. Malachy, archbishop of Armagh, says in a passage quoted by Usher:-" venerunt aliquando tres episcopi in villam Fochart quem dicunt locum nativitatis Brigidae virginis,” and in one of her lives by Colgan, it is mentioned—“vil
Furnival, and of these was Richard Talbot, the celebrated duke of
Tyrconnell, lord lieutenant of Ireland, under king James II. ; the Plunketts, great families in Dublin, Meath, and Louth, are said
to be of Danish descent, and were created barons of Killeen, and
earls of Fingall, and branches of them barons of Dunsany in Meath,
and barons of Louth ; William Conyngham Plunkett, late lord
chancellor of Ireland, was created baron Plunkett; the Prestons,
viscounts of Gormanstown, and some of them viscounts of Tara;
the St. Lawrences, earls of Howth ; the Barnwalls, viscounts of
Kingsland, and barons of Turvey, and also barons of Trimblestown
in Meath; the de Courcys, barons of Kilbarrock; the Fitzwil
liams, viscounts of Merrion; the Rawsons, viscounts of Clontarf;
the Beaumonts, viscounts of Swords, and the Molesworths, vis
counts of Swords; the Temples, viscounts Palmerstown ; the
Tracys, viscounts of Rathcoole; Patrick Sarsfield, the celebrated according to one of the lives given by Colgan, was in Irish called
commander of the Irish forces under king James II. , was created
earl of Lucan ; and the Binghams are now earls of Lucan; the
marquess of Wharton, lord lieutenant of Ireland, was created earl
of Rathfarnham; and the family of Loftus, viscounts of Ely, were ibi erat. ” St. Bridget travelled over all parts of Ireland, and earls of Rathfarnham; the Luttrells, earls of Carhampton; the
Leesons, earls of Milltown; the Harmans, viscounts of Oxman town, the name of an ancient district in the vicinity of Dublin; and the family of Parsons, earls of Rosse, in the King's county, are barons of Oxmantown; the Wenmans, barons of Kilmainham; and the Barrys, barons of Santry; the Caulfields, earls of Char lemont, reside at Clontarf; and the Brabazons, earls of Meath, have extensive possessionsin Wicklow and Dublin.
In Kildare the following have beenthe noble families, the Fitz geralds, barons of Offaly, earls and marquessesof Kildare, and
barons of Naas, and the Prestons, barons of Naas; the St. stones, but Kildare having been devastated by the Danes, the re Michaels, barons of Rheban; the Fitz Eustaces, barons of Kil mains of St. Bridget, and the rich shrine in which they were con
dukes of Leinster; the title of earl of Leinster was borne by the
family of Cholmondely, in 1659, and the title of duke of Leinster
was held by a descendant of duke Schomberg in 1719 ; the de her memory. She was buried at Kildare, near the great altar, Veseys, lords of Kildare and Rathangan ; the de Lounders, and her monument ornamented with gold, silver, and precious
la in qua sancta Brigida nata est, Fochart Muirthemne vocatur, quaeest in provincia Ultorum. ” Bridget, having received a supe rior education, became remarkable for extraordinary piety and wisdom, and, embracing a life of celibacy, she received the veil from St. Macaille, who was bishop of Usneach in Westmeath, about A. D. 470, in the sixteenth or seventeenth year of her age, and about A. D. 480, according to Ware, or 487, according to Lanigan, St. Bridget founded the famous monastery at Kildare, where a great number of nuns resided with her, and the institution was amply endowed with lands by the kings of Leinster; the place,
Cill-dara, signifying the Church of the Oak, from a great oak tree near which it was erected, “illa jam Cella Scotice dicitur Killdara, Latine vero sonat Cella quercus, enim quercus altissima
founded numerous nunneries, which were filled with Brigidine muns,an order she had established, and which becamecelebrated in Ireland for many ages. St. Bridget was renowned for her wisdom, sanctity, and many virtues, and so highly esteemedby the bishops and clergy, not only of Ireland, but of Britain, that they frequently consulted her on the regulation of various religious matters: after a long life spent in the practice of piety, charity, and every virtue, and having performed many miracles, she died at her monastery of Kildare, about the 70th year of her age, A. D. 525, on the 1st of February, on which day her festival has been always celebrated, and her death is recorded in that year in the Annals of the Four Masters, and an eloquent eulogium passed on
o
order of Henry de Loundres, archbishop of Dublin, and that it was
re-lighted, and continued to burn till the Reformation, and it is also said that some ruins of the fire-house still remain.
The See of Kildare. —The monastery of St. Bridget was the
first religious foundation at Kildare, and the place became cele- || brated as a seat of learning and religion; a great town or city
grew up there, and an episcopal see was founded in the latter
end the fifth century, St. Conlaeth being appointed first bishop; his successors were styled bishops and abbots Kildare,
bishops of Dublin. The see of Ferns, as explained in a note at page 226, was in the seventh and eighth centuries the chief see of Leinster; but during the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries,
tained, were removed for security in the ninth century to Down- patrick, and interred there in the same sepulchre with those of SS. Patrick and Columkille, as explained at p. 96, in a note in
these Annals. The memory of St. Bridget has been always held in the highest veneration, not only in Ireland, but in Britain, par-
The See of Dublin. —St. Livinus is mentioned by Colgan, in his Trias Thaumaturga, as the first bishop of Dublin, in the be- ginning of the seventh century; and he states, that having gone on a mission to preach the Gospel in Flanders, he suffered martyrdom there. Accounts of several other bishops of Dublin, from the seventh to the eleventh century, are given in Ware and Colgan; and in the eleventh century, from A. D. 1038 to 1084, Donatus and Patrick, both Ostmen, or Danes, were bishops of Dublin.
o
. .
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-
. .
and some them designated bishops
Leinster, for, explained
Kildare was made the metropolitan see of that province ; and hence the bishops of Ferns and of Kildare were in those times styled by the Irish writers bishops or archbishops of Leinster; but in the twelfth century, Dublin was constituted the metropo litan see Leinster, and the bishops styled archbishops Dublin,
and sometimes archbishops Leinster. The small ancient sees Clondalkin, Tallaght, Finglas, Swords, and Lusk, above
note 226, the see
centuries the chief see
eleventh centuries, Kildare
ster, after which Dublin was constituted the archiepiscopal see Leinster. Kildare was long celebrated seat learning and sanctity, but the ninth and tenth centuries, from the repeated devastations the Danes, the place fell decay; and much more destructive were the wars later times, but the magnificent ruins
the ancient cathedral, with most beautiful round tower, and
beginning Loundres, which
the thirteenth century, A. D. 1214, under Henry archbishop Dublin, the ancient see Glendalough,
abbey was founded
the fifth century St. Maculind, and
the twelfth century were denominated Lusk. All the above-mentioned small sees
Foot
Ferns was Leinster, but
the seventh and eighth the ninth, tenth, and
account has been given page 226, was united Dublin; but the archbishops Dublin being English, their authority was not acknowledged the Irish, who had for many centuries afterwards their own recognised bishops Glendalough, and the union the two sees was not peaceably and fully esta- blished until the latter end the fifteenth century. From the twelfth the eighteenth century remarkable contests and con- troversies were carried between the archbishops Armagh and Dublin respecting the primacy, each the archbishops claiming precedency; but the claims Armagh the primacy
became the metropolitan see Lein-
somefragments
demonstrate
was founded
were styled bishops down the twelfth century, which time was annexed to the see of Kildare.
splendid stonecrosseswhich still remain, amply former greatness. Kilcullen Kildare, abbey
St. Iserninus, the fifth century, and abbots
the Roman Catholic and Protestant Dublin being styled primates
The Diocese Kildare comprises the greater part the county Kildare, with great part the King's county, and
considerable portion the Queen's countv.
In the Diocese Dublin were the following ancient sees:–
Cluan-Doleain, now Clondalkin, near Dublin, St. Cronan
Mochua the seventh century founded abbey, which was note for many centuries, and abbots were styled bishops. At Tamhlacht, Tallaght, near Dublin, monastery was founded about the sixth century, and St. Maolruan mentioned first bishop the eighth century. was celebrated seat learn- ing and religion, and abbots down the twelfth century were styled bishops. At Finglas, near Dublin, monastery was founded the sixth century St. Cainneach, Kenny, from whom Kilkenny derived name, and the abbots Finglas were
the eleventh century styled bishops. Swords, near Dublin,
abbey was founded the sixth century St. Columkille, which was long celebrated, and abbots were styled bishops down the twelfth century. Lusk, the county Dublin,
were finally conceded, both
churches, the archbishops
Ireland, and the archbishops
The ablest arguments the subject, demonstrating the superior authority Armagh, and right the primacy, are contained
the Jus Armacanum, published 1728, most learned work written Latin Hugh Mac Mahon, R. C. archbishop Armagh.
Another remarkable circumstance connected with the diocese Dublin may mentioned, namely, that from the eleventh century
the present time contains two cathedrals, those St. Patrick and Christ Church, which said only another instance
found any see,namely, Saragossa, Spain. Accounts those controversies respecting the primacy, and the archbishops, will found Ware's Bishops, D'Alton's Archbishops
Dublin, Brennan's Ecclesiastical History—, and Stuart's Armagh.
—7
'i.
. . "
and his successors
abbotsand bishops
wereannexed the see Dublin the twelfth century.
REIGN OF HENRY VII.
321
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Dermott,
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overtook
forces they proceeded to Ard Anchoilin to attack | portion of the cattle-prey which they had seized; him; they dismounted and defeated the son of he pursued them from thence to Tulsk, where Do-
ticularly in Scotland, and even in many countries of the Continent.
In Ireland numerous churches were dedicated in honour of St.
Bridget, and hence many parishes and other places in Ireland are
called Killbride, signifying the Church of Bridget, or St. Bride, and | These, and some other bishops and archbishops of Dublin in the
t s ! - -!
in Scotland many places have beenalso named from her Killbride;
a vast number of holy wells in honour of St. Bridget, are also to
be found in various parts of Ireland, and St. Bridget, with SS.
Patrick and Columkille, have been always associated as the three
great patron saints of Ireland. The holy fire of St. Bridget at
Kildare has been mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis, Ware, and
others, but Lanigan and others consider these accounts as referable
to the sacred fire kept by the vestal virgins there, in the times of
Druidism; it is stated by Ware, Archdall, and others, that the
nuns of St. Bridget at Kildare preserved for many ages a perpe- || Kells, those prelates being until the twelfth century only styled tual sacred fire, but that in the year 1220, it was extinguished by
eleventh and twelfth centuries, received their consecration from the archbishops of Canterbury, and were in canonical obedience bound to the metropolitan see of England; but in A. D. 1162, Laurence O'Toole, the celebrated archbishop of Dublin, was con- secrated by Gelasius, archbishop of Armagh, and the custom ceased of the archbishops of Dublin going for consecration to Canterbury. Gregory, who was consecrated in A. D. 1121, was in A. D. 1is2, the first who got the title of archbishop of Dublin, from Cardinal John Paparo, the Pope's legate at the council of
-
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stated, were annexed Dublin the twelfth century; and
the
The Diocese
part the county
iow, and parts
the sees Kildare, Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin, the ecclesias- tical province Leinster, are subject the jurisdiction the archiepiscopal see Dublin.
them,
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and recovered a
Armagh primates Ireland.
Dublin and Glendalough comprises the greater
-gether with great part Wick:
Dublin, to
Wexford, Kildare, and Queen's County; and
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322 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1489.
that his own galloglasses deceived and turned
against O'Conor, defeated him, and slew the son
of Connor Buighe, the son of Cormac, of his party,
Mac-an-Bhulbaidh (the son of Boulby), lord of Crioch Bulbach, along the Barrow, died.
O'Gobhan (O’Gowan or Smith), i. e. Mahon,
with many others, and also took a small portion of the son of Torlogh, died.
the cattle-herd from him; O'Conor, however,
happily escaped from his rebellious troops, and took
his cattle with him into Hy Maine.
Owen, son of Felim O'Conor, i. e. Felim, the
son of Owen, son of Donal, son of Murtogh, son
of the lord of Carbury (in Sligo), and the two sons of Murtogh, son of Owen, namely, Murtogh Oge,
and John, were treacherously slain by Calvach Caoch, son of Donal, son of Owen; and O’Donnell,
who was the security between them, preyed and spoiled Carbury, in revenge of this crime, and the
violation of their compact.
Colman, son of Art, son of Cormac Ballach
O’Melaghlin, was killed by Con, the son of Art,
son of Con, son of Cormac Ballach O’Melaglin. The Calvach, son of Hugh, son of Hugh Roe,
the son of Niall Garv O’Donnell, died.
Murrogh, son of Roderick Mac Sweeny, was kil led by the earl of Desmond, namely, Maurice, the son of Thomas, in Ely O'Carroll; and his brother,
Maolmurry Mac Sweeny, was moreover taken pri soner by him.
Dermod, son of Bryan Duv O’Connor, was slain
by Hugh, the son of Conor, and by the sons of Ro derick MacDermott, at Ath-Leime-na-Girre; but
Hugh was greatly wounded by Dermod, and Bryan,
son of Conor, the son of O'Conor Roe, a learned
tanist, was killed in retaliation for him, by Teige
Buighe, the son of Cathal Roe O'Conor, in Moy Murchadha.
Con, son of Torlogh Roe O'Conor, died.
A great contest arose between the two O’Conors, and O'Conor Roe marched with his forces to Bal
lintobber of St. Bridget, and demolished the 13awn of the town; the chiefs of the tribe of Teige Oge came and submitted to him, namely O'Flynn, Mac Ceithearny, and O’Mulbrenam. O'Conor marched with a force to Beol Coilleadh," cleared the way, and the people of Airteach gave him hostages.
The sons of O'Conor were defeated at Seaghais
(in Roscommon), by the sons of Roderick Mac Dermott.
O'Conor marched with his forces against the sons of William O'Kelly (of Hy Maine, in Galway), on
The son of Mac Carthy, i. e. Dermod, son of which occasion he burned and cut the passage of
Teige, son of Donal Oge, was killed by the same earl.
Thomas Butler, the son of Richard, was killed
by John, the son of Richard Butler.
Richard, son of Felim, son of Fergal O’Reilly,
Cluainin, and also cut and destroyed much corn. The sons of William O'Kelly did great damage to O'Maolconry and his kinsmen, in retaliation.
Hugh, son of O'Conor, and Owen, were trea cherously taken prisoners by the sons of O’Kelly; and Duvthach O'Maolconry was taken along with
was killed by the son of John Oge Plunkett.
Patrick, the son of the Knight of Kerry, was them and imprisoned.
killed by Mac Carthy More, namely, Teige the son of Donal Oge.
Niall and Art, the sons of Con, son of Hugh
Buighe, son of Bryan Ballach O’Neill, committed Annally, and many depredations and evils were
depredations on Henry, the son of Henry, son of committed by them on each other, until the lord Owen O’Neill; and Cahir O’Conor was slain on justice made peace between them, and settled the that occasion. chieftainship between the son of John, and the son
Mac Quillan, i. e. Seinicin Roe, the son of Ri of Cathal (O'Ferrall).
chard, was treacherously killed by Walter, son of Cormac, son of Seinicin Mac Quillan.
A. D. 1489.
1. Beol Coilleadh. Signifies the entrance of the wood, and
appears to have been situated in Airteach, a district which was part of Mac Dermott's country, in the barony of Boyle, county of Roscommon, towards the borders of Mayo and Galway; and at this passageof Sir William Betham's copy of the Four Masters, is
Cluan Tuaiscirt of the Shannon (Clontuskert, in Galway), was plundered by the tribe of Lisagh,
a note in the hand-writing of the celebrated Charles O'Conor of Belenagar, the author of Dissertations on the History of Ireland, &c. , in which he says, as follows: “Beol Coilleadh is my residence, in which I am reading this book this night, on the 13th Novem.
Conor Mac Dermott was taken prisoner by Torlogh O'Conor.
A great commotion arose amongst the people of
ber, 1775. ” -
REIGN OF IIICNRY VII. 323
the son of Rossa (O'Ferrall); and another success Roderick Buighe, were slain; and Donogh, the
ful depredation was committed in retaliation in son ofTorlogh Mac Dugald, and many of their Tirlicin (Tinnelick, in Longford), by the O’Han galloglasses and kerns, were taken prisoners.
leys, on the clan of Lisagh. O'Conor, i. e. Felim Fionn, the son of Teige,
The peace (which had been made by the lord son of Torlogh Roe O'Conor, a brave and warlike justice), between the two O'Ferralls, was dissol man, who spread terror in every country about wed; and the son of John committed a great de him, and a man whom the Siol Murray (people of
predation on the son of Cathal, the son of Thomas. John Mac Branan (of Roscommon), was nomi nated the Mac Branan, by O’Conor and by Mac
Connaught, Mac Oiragh the tomb
Torlogh, the son Torlogh O'Boyle, was pitched
(Mac Geraghty), and was interred Dermott; and on that day he forgave half a mark of his ancestors at Roscommon.
on Ballinvalaigh to the O'Maolconrys, which had been charged by his predecessors for a long period.
Malachy, son of Loghlin O'Maolconry, died on his professional visitation in Munster.
Sile (or Julia), the daughter of Dermod Andun aidh Mac Carthy, the wife of Torlogh O'Brien, a worthy representative of a queen of Cashel, died.
from his horse while running race Murbhaigh (in Donegal), which
O'Gormley, i. e. Murtogh, the son
son Conor, and Conor Roe, the son Maguire, died.
Iomaire died.
Henry, Gillpatrick
The sheep of Meath along the sea coast from
Dublin to Drogheda ran into the sea in despite of Maguire, aided by the clan Conor.
Roscommon), expected would unite died Easter Monday, the house
Roderick, son Philip, son Cuchonacht, was
killed the sons Bryan, the son Conor Oge
their shepherds, and never returned. O'Felan died.
O’Kane, i. e. John, the son Aibhne, son
Dermod, was taken prisoner by the crew ship
which came from Inbher Air (Inverary, Scot
land).
Hugh, son Maolmora, son John O’Reilly,
A. D. 1490.
