No More Learning

It has been con-
his life down to the time of his father's death arejectured that he may have been the father or a
related in the preceding article. During the three near connection of Marius Egnatius, one of the
years after the death of the elder Marius Sulla was principal leaders of the allies in the Social war.
engaged in the prosecution of the war against [Egnatius, No. 2. )
Mithridates, and Italy was entirely in the hands 6. M. MARIUS, a friend of Cicero, whose
of the Marian party. The young Marius followed estate was in the neighbourhood of one of Cicero's,
in the footsteps of his father, and was equally dis- and with whom he was closely united by similarity
tinguished by merciless severity against his enemies. of political opinions and intellectual tastes and
He was elected consul for the year B. c. 82, when habits. Although Marius constantly suffered from
he was twenty-seven years of age, and his colleague ill health, he was of a lively and cheerful dis-
was Cn. Papirius Carbo. Sulla had landed at Brun- position, full of wit and merriment ; and accord-
disium at the beginning of the preceding year, and ingly, Cicero's four letters to him, which have come
arter conquering the southern part of the peninsula, | down to us (ad Fam. vii. 1-4), are writtep in a


## p. 960 (#976) ############################################

960
MARIUS.
MAROBODUUS.
IV
00. 00
GMA
19E20
gy)
dine
Cocco
sportive tone. The estate of Marius was in the be developed within the space of forty-eight hours.
neighbourhood of Pompeii, not far from the Pom- (Trebell. Poll. Trig. Tyrann. vii. ; Victor, de Caes.
peianum of Cicero. Almost all that we know xxxiii. 39; Eutrop. ix. 7. )
about this Marius is contained in the four letters It appears from coins that the full name of this
of Cicero already referred to. He is also mentioned usurper was C. M. Aurelius Marius ; but on some
by him in a letter to his brother Quintus. (Ad Q. coins, as on the one annered, he is called simply
Fr. ii. 10. )
C. Marius. (Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 454. ) [W. R. )
7. L. MARIUS, L. P. , was one of those who sub-
scribed the accusation of Triarius against Scaurus,
in B. c. 54 (Ascon. in Cic. Scaur. p. 19, ed. Orelli).
He is probably the same as the Marius who was
quaestor in B. C. 50, and succeeded C. Sallustius in
the government of the province of Syria. (Cic.
ad Fam. ii. 17. )
8. L. MARIUs, was tribune of the plebs with
Cato Uticensis, B. C. 62, and in conjunction with
him, brought forward a law De Triumphis (Val.
COIN OF AURELIUS MARIUS.
Max. ii. 8. § 1).
MARIUS BLOʻSIUS. (BLOSIUS, No. 1. ]
9. M. MARIUs, whom Cicero calls homo disertus MA'RIUS CALVE'NTIUS. (CALVENTIUS. ]
et nobilis, pleaded the cause of the Valentini before MA'RIUS CELSUS. [Cersus. ]
C. Verres. (Cic. Verr. v. 16. )
MA'RIUS EGNATIUS. [EGNATIUS, No. 2. )
10. Sex. MARIUS, & legate of Dolabella in MA'RIUS MATU'RUS. [MATURUS. ]
Syria, in B. C. 43. (Cic. ad Fam. xii. 15. )
MA'RIUS MAXIMUS. [MAXIMUS. )
11. T. MARIUS, of Urbinum, had risen from MA'RIUS MERCATOR. (MERCATUR. )
the rank of a coromon soldier to honours and riches, MA'RIUS PLOTIUS. [PLOTIUS. ]
by the favour of the emperor Augustus. A tale MA'RIUS PRISCUS. [PriscUS. ]
is told of him by Valerius Maximus (vii. 8. $ 6). MA'RIUS SECUNDUS. [SECUNDUS. ]
12. Sex. MARIUS, a man of immense wealth, MA'RIUS SE’RGIUS. [SERGIUS. ]
who possessed gold mines in Spain, and lived in MARIUS STATI'LIUS. [STATILIUS. ]
the reign of Tiberius. He is called by Tacitus MARIUS VICTORI'NUS. (VICTORINUS. ]
Hispaniarum ditissimus. After escaping an accusa- MARMARINUS (Mapudpuvos), i. e. the gud
tion in A. D. 25, which Calpurnius Salvianus wished of marble, a surname of Apollo, who had a sanc-
to bring against him, he was condemned to death tuary in the marble quarries at Carystus. (Strab.
in A. D. 33, and thrown down the Tarpeinn rock, x. p. 446 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 281. ) (L. S. )
on the pretext of his having committed incest with MARMAX (Mápuat), one of the suitors of
his daughter, but in reality because the emperor Hippodameia, who was slain by Oenomaus, and
coveted his riches (Tac. Ann. iv. 36, vi. 19). was buried with his two horses, Parthenia and
Dion Cassius, who says that Marius was a friend Eripha. (Paus. vi. 21 & 6. )
[L. S. ]
of Tiberius, and that he was indebted to the em- MARO, JOANNES. [JOANNES, No. 85. ]
peror for his wealth, gives a different reason for the MARO, VIRGI'LIUS. [VIRGILIUS. )
condemnation of Marius ; he relates that the MAROBOʻDUUS, Marbod, afterwards king of
charge of incest was brought against Marius, be the Marcomanni, or men of the Mark (maerc) or
cause he wished to conceal his daughter from the border, or, according to another etymology, the
lust of his imperial master. (Dion Cass. lviii. 22. ) Marsh land, was by birth a Suevian. He was
MA'RIUS A'LFIUS, the medix tuticus, or born about B. c. 18, of a noble family in his tribe,
supreme magistrate of the Campanians, was de and was sent in his boy hood with other hostages
feated and slain in battle by the Roman consul, to Rome, where he attracted the notice of Augus-
Tib. Sempronius Gracchus, B. c. 215. (Liv. xxiii. tus, and received a liberal education. Marobod uus
35. )
seems early to have discerned the relative position
MA'RIUS, M. AURELIUS, one of the thirty of his countrymen and the Romans. The Germans
tyrants enumerated by Trebellius Pollio (see Au- were brave, numerous and enterprising, but weak-
REOLUS), was the fourth of the usurpers who in ened by internal feuds, and impatient of govern-
succession ruled Gaul, in defiance of Gallienus. ment and discipline. Before they could effectually
According to the statements of the Augustan his- resist or assail the Roman empire they needed the
torians and Victor, he was a blacksmith, remarkable restraints of laws and of fixed property in land.
only for his extraordinary muscular strength, and At what time Maroboduus returned to his own
deserving to be remembered in history merely on country is uncertain, but probably soon after he
account of the unparalleled shortness of his reign, attained manhood, since he died at the age of 53,
which lasted for two, or at the most, three days the last eighteen years of bis life were spent in
Although the authorities cited above, together with exile, and his kingdom, when it awakened the
Eutropius, agree in limiting the duration of his jealousy of Rome, was the work of long and sys-
power to this space, it is a singular fact that a con- tematic preparation. Crossing the Erzgebirge at
siderable number of coins, in each of the three the head of at least one branch of the Suevians,
metals, are to be found in various collections, which Marobodaus expelled, or more probably subdued,
we can scarcely suppose to have been engraved, the Boians, a Celtic race, who inhabited Bohemia
struck, and issued within such a period, and Eckhel and part of Bavaria The kingdom which Mar-
has acutely pointed out an inconsistency in Victor, boduus established amid the woods and morasses
who, in the life of Diocletian, speaks of Marius as of central Germany extended, through immediate
having been one of those who, when suddenly invasion or gradual encroachments, along the north
elevated, became “ superbia atque ambitione im- bank of the Danube, from Regensberg nearly to
Dodicos," feelings and passions which could scarcely | the borders of Hungary, and stretched far into the
isterior. Its
200 nles from
provinces
become niserte
of the Cars
boste prepare
cpral was E
siped his re
70. 000 fog
after the for
ſer independe
rated tbe az
Tescote seat o
Bet police sa
choice, for if
Becurity for
the Germans
his designs
kingdom aroe
euserce of
EETUDS specta
disurion of the
the empire;
sesais hosti
and a mode
Marobodons
the fears of
cortetted su
address Aus
guage 728
quents arro
bodcos were
been adopted
was directed
Dear the roc
of the Marco
was to lead
Chatti, and,
Lian foresta
the Danube,
attack withi
capital Boria
Danubian
Tiberius bad
persuade his
nonian and
avail Eimself
aster of Qui
iriendship is
deeming fro
fortunate &
Rome. Eis
which so lon
struggle wit
comannic ki
ill-understvo
them, orm
pousm. T
NIUS) prepa
tards, Suet
jealousy bet
merus (ING
mannic alle
storm, and
the aid of F
formidable,
wben Cat
Gothones,
enile, led
paisses into
VOL. II.


## p. 961 (#977) ############################################

MAROBODUUS.
96)
MARS.
interior. Its southern frontier was not more than | As his last resource the Marcomannic king became
200 miles from Italy itself, and the half-subdued a suppliant, although a lofty and royal one in his
provinces of Pannonia and Noricum might either tone, to Tiberius. The emperor assured him of
become useful allies, or at least divert the attention shelter, so long as he needed it, in Italy, and of a
of the Caesars from the peaceful growth or the free return beyond the Alps when refuge was no
hostile preparations of the Marcomannic state. Its longer needful. Maroboduus passed the remainder
capital was Boviasmum, and Maroboduus main- of his life, eighteen years, at Ravenna.
His name
tained his regal dignity by a regular force of was sometimes employed to keep the Suevians in
70,000 foot and 4000 horse, armed and disciplined awe, but Tiberius warily guarded a captive whom,
after the Roman manner, and while he provided before the senate, he conpared to Pyrrhus and
for independence or aggression he carefully culti- Antiochus. By his inactivity during the Panno-
vated the arts of peace. The Romans believed, nian war, A. D. 7-9, Maroboduus Jet slip the
or affected to believe, that Marobod uus chose this opportunity of raising Germany against Rome,
remote seat of empire from dread of their arms. and his resignation to an obscure and protracted
But policy rather ihan fear probably directed his life in exile lost him the esteem of his own coun-
choice, for if Rome was to be assailed, leisure and trymen. He died at the age of 53 years, A. D. 35.
security for many years were needful to prepare (Strab. vii. p. 290 ; Tac. Ann. ii. 44, 45, 46, 62, 63;
the Germans for the assault. In A. D. 7, however, Vell
. Pat. ii
. 108; Suct. Tib. 37. ) (W. B. D.
his designs, or the strength of the Marcomannic MARON (Mápwv). 1. A son of Evanthes (somo
kingdom aroused the jealousy of Augustus. The also call him a son of Oenopion, Seilenus, or of
existence of a free and powerful state was a dan- Bacchus, and a pupil of Seilenus, Nonn. Dionys.
gerous spectacle for the subjects of Rome; the xiv. 99 ; Eurip. Cyclop. 141, &c. ), and grandson of
disunion of the Teutonic tribes was the security of Dionysus and Ariadne, was a priest of Apollo at
the empire ; and even if Maroboduus was not per- | Maroneia in Thrace, where he himself had a sanc-
Bonally hostile, he was forming a centre of union | tuary. He was the hero of sweet wine, and is
and a model of polity for the Germanic race. mentioned among the companions of Dionysus.
Maroboduus had also touched the pride as well as (Hom. Od. ix. 197, &c. ; Eustath. ad Hon. pp.
the fears of Rome. He gave refuge to its dis- 1615, 1623 ; Philostr. Her. ii. 8; Athen. i. p. 33;
contented subjects; his ambassadors did not always Diod. i. 18. )
address Augustus as a superior, and if their lan- 2. A son of Orsiphantus, and brother of Al-
guage was respectful, their demands were fre- pheius, a Spartan hero, who had fallen at Ther-
quently arrogant. The operations against Maro- mopylae, and was afterwards honoured with a
boduus were on a wider scale than had hitherto heroum at Sparta. (Herod. vii. 227; Paus. iii.
been adopted against the German tribes. Tiberius 12. $ 7. )
(L. S. ]
was directed to cross the Danube at Carnuntum, MARPESSA (Mápanora), a daughter of Evenus
near the modern Presburg, the eastern extremity and Alcippe. (Hom. ll. ix. 557; Plut. Parall.
of the Marcomannic kingdom ; Sentius Saturninus min. 40; Apollod. i. 7. § 8; comp. Idas and
was to lead his forces across the country of the EVENUS. )
[L. S. )
Chatti, and, cutting his way through the Hercy- MARS, an ancient Roman god, who was at an
nian forest, to join Tiberius on the north bank of early period identified by the Romans with the
the Danube, and both were to make a combined Greek Ares, or the god delighting in bloody war,
attack within a few leagues from the Marcomannic although there are a variety of indications that the
capital Boviasmum. A general revolt of the Cis- Italian Mars was originally a divinity of a very
Danubian provinces rescued Maroboduus, and different nature. In the first place Mars bore the
Tiberius bad the address or the good fortune to surname of Silvanus, and sacrifices were offered to
persuade him to remain neutral during the Pan- him for the prosperity of the fields and flocks; and
nonian and Dalmatic war. Maroboduus did not in the second a lance was honoured at Rome as
avail himself of the distress of Rome after the dis- well as at Praeneste as the symbol of Mars (Liv.
aster of Quintilius Varus, A. D. 9, and marked his xxiv. 10), so that Mars resembles more the Greek
friendship for Augustus on that occasion by re- Pallas Athene than Ares. The transition from the
deeming from his murderers the head of the un- idea of Mars as an agricultural god to that of a
fortunate general and sending it for sepulture to i warlike being, was not difficult with the early
Rome. Eight years later (A. D. 17) the disunion Latins, as the two occupations were intimately
which so long paralysed the Teutonic races in their connected. The name of the god in the Sabine
struggle with Rome effected the ruin of the Mar- and Oscan wag Mamers (MAMERS); and Mars
comannic kingdom. The policy of Maroboduus, itself is a contraction of Mavers or Mavors
ill-understvod by his countrymen, appeared to Next to Jupiter, Mars enjoyed the highest
them, or may have really degenerated into des honours at Rome: he frequently is designated as
potism. The Cheruscans under Arminius (ARMI- futher Mars, whence the forms Marspiter and
NIUS) prepared to attack; the Semnones and Longo Maspiter, analogous to Jupiter (Gellius, iv. 12;
bards, Suevian clans, revolted from him. The Macrob. Sat. i. 12, 19; Varro, De Ling. Lat. viii.
jealousy between Arminius and his uncle Inguio 33); and Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, were the
merus (INGUIOMERUS), who embraced the Marco three tutelary divinities of Rome, to each of whom
mannic alliance, delayed but could not avert the king Numa appointed a flamen, whose rank was
storm, and Maroboduus, defeated in action, sought sometimes thought higher even than that of the
the aid of Rome. In A. D. 19 he had again become great pontiff. (Liv. viii. 9; Festus, p. 188, ed.
formidable, and Drusus prepared to invade him, Müller. ) Hence a very ancient sanctuary was
when Catualda [CATUALDA), a chief of the dedicated to Mars on the Quirinal hill, near the
Gothones, whom Maroboduus had driven into temple of Dius Fidius, from which he derived his
exile, led a detachment through the Bohemian surname of Quirinus (Varro, De Ling. Lat. v. 52;
passes into the heart of Maroboduus's kingdom. Serv. ad Aen. i. 296), and hence he was regarded
VOL. II.
39


## p. 962 (#978) ############################################

962
MARSUS.
MARSYAS.
Marsyas upot
forser added
the cutest
potser:
bound him
blood was to
Apolo bung
that niser fos
the instrumen
Aute) were ca
Maearder, an
thro orama
were dedicated
(Apolod. Bide
48; Liban
ed Greg. les
59; Paus i.
12 $ 8; Pi
Orid, Metan
refers to the s
aloedic styles
connected with
Dorians, and
Cybele in Ph
planation to the
* may be fur
respecting Ma
in reput of the
(Plut. de Mu.
184, L, Xir.
Bf a confusion
terical, the fiut
or by some bis
as the father of the Roman people, haring begotten | Cicuta, a few lines of which have been preserved
the founders of Rome by Rhea Silvia a priestess of by the scholiast Philargyrius (ad Virg. Ed. iii.
Vesta. The rites of the worship of Mars all point 90). Besides these epigrams and the epitaph 01
to victory, in proof of which we need only direct Tibullus, which has been already mentioned, and
attention to the dances in armour of the Salii, the which will be found in most of the editions of
dedication of the place of warlike exercises and Tibullus, Marsus also wrote epic poetry, as appears
games to Mars (campus Martius), and that war from the fact that Ovid (Ex Pont. iv. 16. 5) classes
itself is frequently designated by the name of Mars. him with the epic poet Rabirius, and that Martial
But being the father of the Romans, Mars was also (iv. 28) mentions a poem of Marsus calied Ama-
the protector of the most honourable pursuit, i. e. zonis. Marsus likewise wrote some erotic elegies,
nsriculture, and hence he was invoked to be pro- which probably bore the title of Melaenis (comp.
pitious to the household of the rustic Roman (Cato, Mart. vii. 29), and a collection of fables, the ninth
De Re Rust. 141); and under the name of Silvanus, book of which is cited by the grammarian Chari-
he was worshipped to take care of the cattle (ibid. sius.
83). The warlike Mars was called Gradivus, as the All that is known of Domitius Marsus is col-
rustic god was called Silvanus ; while, in his rela-lected and elucidated at great length by Weichert
tion to the state, he bore the name of Quirinus. in his treatise De Domitio Marso Poeta, Grimmae,
These are the three principal aspects under which 1820, republished in his Poetarum Latin. Reliquiae,
the god appears ; and in reference to the second, pp. 241–269, Lips. 1830.
it may be remarked that females were excluded MARSUS, OCTAVIUS, whom Cicero calls
from his worship, and that accordingly he presided sceleratus homo atque egens," was legate of Dola-
more particularly over those occupations of country bella in B. C. 43, by whom he was sent into Syria
life which belonged to the male sex. (Cato, De Re with one legion. He was soon after followed by
Rust. 83 ; Schol. ad Juvenal. vi. 446. ) But not Dolabella, and was present with the latter at Lao
withstanding this, Mars was conceived not only diceia, when the town was betrayed into the hands
accompanied by female divinities, but one of them, of C. Cassius Longinus. He followed the example
Nerio, or Neriene, is even described as his wife. of his general and put an end to his own life. Ap-
(Gellius, xiii. 22 ; Plaut. Truc. ii. 6. 34 ; L. Lydus, pian calls him simply Marsus, but Dion Cassius
De Mens. iv. 42. )
Marcus Octavius, for which, however, we ought
Mars was further looked upon as a god with undoubtedly to read Marsus Octavius. (Cic. Phil.
prophetic powers ; and in the neighbourhood of xi. 2, with the note of Garatoni ; Appian, B. C. iv.
Reate there had been a very ancient oracle of the 62 ; Dion Cass. xlvii. 30. )
god (Dionys. i. 41), in which the future was re- MARSUS, VI/BIUS, whom Tacitus calls (Ann.
vealed through a woodpecker (picus), which was vi. 47)“ vetustis honoribus studiisque illuz. is,” is
sacred to him, and was for this reason surnamed first mentioned in A. D. 19 as one of the most likely
Martius. The wolf also was sacred to Mars, and persons to obtain the government of Syria, but he
these animals, together with the horse, were his gave way to Cn. Sentius. In the same year he
favourite sacrifices. Numerous temples were dedi- was sent to summon Piso to Rome to stand his
cated to him at Rome, the most important of which trial. His name occurs again in A.