No More Learning

Met. xi. 295, &c. ; Hygin. Fab. 200. )
Sparta in B. c. 371. (Xen. Hell
. vi. 3. & 2; comp. Polymede, the mother of Jason, was, according to
Diod. xv. 38. ) Xenophon (Hell. vi. 3. $ 7, &c. ) Apollodorus, a daughter of this Autolycus, and the
reports a somewhat injudicious speech of his, which same writer (ii. 4. & 9) not only describes him as
was delivered on this occasion before the congress the teacher of Heracles in the art of wrestling, but
at Sparta, and which by no means confirms the mentions him among the Argonauts ; the latter of
character, ascribed to him in the same passage, of a which statements arose undoubtedly from a con-
skilful orator. It was perhaps this same Autocles fusion of this Autolycus with the Thessalian of the
who, in B. C. 362, was appointed to the command same name. Autolycus is very famous in ancient
in Thrace, and was brought to trial for having story as a successful robber, who had even the
caused, by his inactivity there, the triumph of power of metamorphosing both the stolen goods and
Cotys over the rebel Miltocythes. (Dem. c. Aris himself
. (Hom. N. x. 267; Hygin. Fub. 201;
tocr. p. 655, c. Polycl. p. 1207. ) Aristotle (Rhet. Apollod. ii. 6. § 2; Strab. ix. p. 439; Eustath.
ii. 23. & 12) refers to a passage in a speech of ad Hom. p. 408 ; Serv. ad Aen. ii
. 79. )
Autocles against Mixidemides, as illustrating one 2. A Thessalian, son of Deimachus, who to
of his rhetorical τόποι.
[E. E. ] gether with his brothers Deſleon and Phlogius
AUTO'CRATES (Aŭtokpárns), an Athenian, joined Heracles in his expedition against the
a poet of the old comedy. One of his plays, the Amazons. But after having gone astray the
Tuutaviotai, is mentioned by Suidas and Aelian. two brothers dwelt at Sinope, until they joined
(V. H. xii. 9. ) He also wrote several tragedies. the expedition of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod.
(Suidas, S. υ. Αυτοκράτης. )
ii. 955, &c. ; Valer. Flacc. v. 115. ) He was sub-
The Autocrates whose 'Axačká is quoted by sequently regarded as the founder of Sinope, where
Athenaeus (ix. p. 395 and xi. p. 460) seems to he was worshipped as a god and had an oracle.
have been a different person. (C. P. M. ] After the conquest of Sinope by the Romans, his
AUTOLA'US (AủTónaos), a son of Arcas, who statue was carried from thence by Lucullus to
found and brought up the infant Asclepius when Rome. (Strab. xii. p. 546. ) It must be noticed,
exposed in Thelpnsa. (Paus. viii. 4. § 2, 25. that Hyginus (Fab. 14) calls him a son of Phrixus
$ 6. )
[L. S. ] and Chalciope, and a brother of Phronius, Demo-
AUTOʻLEON (Aútonéwv), an ancient hero of leon, and Phlogius.
(L. S. ]
Croton in southern Italy, concerning whom the AUTOʻLYCUS (AUTÓAUKOS), a young Athenian
following story is related :-It was customary with of singular beauty, the object of the affection of
a


## p. 447 (#467) ############################################

AUTOLYCUS.
417
AUTONOE.
Callias. It is in honour of a victory gained by would happen ; but one having been observed, the
him in the pentathlum at the Great Panathenaea rest might be roughly predicted, for the same star,
that Callias gives the banquet described by Xeno- by the help of these propositions. The demon-
phon. (Comp. Athen. v. p. 187. ) [C. P. M. ] strations, and even the enunciations, are in some
AUTOʻLYCUS (Aúrółukos). ' 1. An Areiopa- cases not easily understood without a globe ; but
gite, who was accused by the orator Lycurgus on the figures used by Autolycus are simple. There
account of removing his wife and children from is nothing in either treatise to shew that he bad
Athens after the battle of Chaeroneia B. C. 333, the least conception of spherical trigonometry.
and was condemned by the judges. The speech of There seems to be no complete edition of the
Lycurgus against Autolycus was extant in the Greek text of Autolycus. There are three Greek
time of Harpocration, but has not come down to manuscripts of each treatise in the Bodleian and
us. (Lycurg. c. Leocr. p. 177, ed. Reiske ; Harpo- Savilian libraries at Oxford. The propositions
crat. s. vv. Autóhukos, spla; Plut. Vit. X. Orat. without the demonstrations were printed in Greek
p. 843, c. d. )
and Latin by Dasypodius in his “Sphaericae Doc-
2. The son of Agathocles, and the brother of trinae Propositiones," Argent. 1572. Both the
Lysimachus, was appointed one of the body-guard works were translated into Latin from a Greek
of king Philip Arrhidaeus, B. c. 321. (Arrian, ap. MS. by Jos. Auria, Rom. 1587 and 1588 ; and a
Phot. Cod. 92, p. 72, a. 14, ed. Bekker. )
translation of the first by Maurolycus, from an
AUTO'LYCUS ('Autonúkos), a mathematician, Arabic version, is given, without the name of Au-
who is said to have been a native of Pitane in tolycus, at p. 243 of the “Universae Geometriae,
Aeolis, and the first instructor of the philosopher etc. Synopsis” of Mersennus, Paris, 1645.
Arcesilaus. (Diog. Laërt. iv. 29. ) From this, it A full account of the works of Autolycus may
would follow, that he lived about the middle of the be found in Delambre's llist. de l'Astronomie An-
fourth century B. C. , and was contemporary with cienne. Brucker quotes an essay by Carpzovius,
Aristotle. We know nothing more of his history. de Autolyco Pitaneo Diatribe, Lips. 1744. See
He wrote two astronomical treatises, which are also Schaubach, Geschichte der Griechischen Astro-
still extant, and are the most ancient existing spe- nomie, p. 338; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p.
cimens of the Greek mathematics. The first is on 89.
[W. F. D. ]
the Motion of the Sphere (περί κινουμένης σφαίρας). AUTO'MATE (AUTou_Tn), one of the Danaids,
It contains twelve propositions concerning a sphere who, according to Apollodorus (ii. 1. § 5) and
which with its principal circles is supposed to re-others, killed Busiris, who was betrothed to her ;
volve uniformly about a fixed diameter, whilst a whereas, according to Pausanias (vii. 1. $ 3), she
fixed great circle (the horizon) always divides it was married to Architeles, the son of Achaeus, who
into two hemispheres (the visible and invisible). emigrated from Phthiotis in Thessaly to Argos
Most of them are still explicitly or implicitly in- with Archander.
[L. S.
)
cluded amongst the elements of astronomy, and AUTOMATIA (Αυτοματία) και surname of
they are such as would naturally result from the Tyche or Fortuna, which seems to characterize her
first systematic application of geometrical reasoning as the goddess who manages things according to
to the apparent motion of the heavens. This trea- her own will, without any regard to the merit of
tise may be considered as introductory to the se- man. Under this name Timoleon built to the god-
cond, which is on the risings and settings of the fired dess a sanctuary in his house. (Plut. De Sui
stars, repl értolv kal dúoewv, in two books. Laude, p. 542, e. ; Nepos, Timol. 4. ) (L. S. ]
Autolycus first defines the true risings and settings, AUTOʻMEDON (AÚTouébwv), a son of Diores,
and then the apparent. The former happen when was, according to Homer, the charioteer and com-
the sun and a star are actually in the horizon to- panion of Achilles, whereas Hyginus (Fab. 97)
gether; and they cannot be observed, because the makes him sail by bimself with ten ships against
sun's light makes the star in visible. The latter Troy. According to Virgil (Aen. ii. 476), he
happen when the star is in the horizon, and the fought bravely by the side of Pyrrhus, the son of
sun just so far below it that the star is visible, and Achilles. (Hom. I. ix. 209, xvi. 148, 219, xvii.
there are in general four such phaenomena in the 429, &c. , xix. 392, xxiv. 474. ) (L. S. ]
year in the case of any particular star; namely, its AUTOʻMEDON (AÚTouébwe), of Cyzicus, a
first visible rising in the morning, its last visible Greek epigrammatic poet, twelve of whose epigrams
rising in the evening, its first visible setting in the are contained in the Greek Anthology. (v. 129, x.
morning, and last visible setting in the evening. 23, xi. 29, 46, 50, 319, 324—326, 346, 361,
In a favourable climate, the precise day of each of xii. 34. ) He must have lived in the first century
these occurrences might be observed, and such ob- of the Christian era, as one of his poems is ad-
serrations must have constituted the chief business dressed to Nicetes, a distinguished orator in the
of practical astronomy in its infancy; they were, reign of Nerva. One of the epigrams usually
moreover,
of some real use. because these phaenomena attributed to Theocritus (Anth. Graec. vii. 534 ;
afforded a means of defining the seasons of the No. 9, in Kiessling's edition of Theocritus, p. 778)
year. A star when rising or setting is visible ac- has in the manuscript the inscription Automéovtos
cording to its brilliance, if the sun be from 10 to Aitwaoû: if this is correct there must have been
18 degrees below the horizon. Auto! ycus supposes an Aetolian poet of the name of Automedon.
15 degrees, but reckons them along the ecliptic in- AUTOMEDU'SA. (ALCATHOUS. ]
stead of a vertical circle ; and he proceeds to esta- AUTO'NOE (Avtovón), a daughter of Cadmus
blish certain general propositions concerning the and Harmonia, was the wife of Aristaeus, by whom
intervals between these apparent risings and set- she became the mother of Polydorus. (Hesiod.
tings, taking account of the star's position with Theog. 977; Paus. x. 17. $ 3. ) According to
respect to the ecliptic and equator. It was impos- Apollodorus (ii. 4. § 2, &c. ), Polydorus was a
sible, without trigonometry, to determine before brother of Autonoë, and Actaeon was her son.
band the absolute time at which any one of them (Comp. Diod. iv. 81. ) Autonoë together with her


## p. 448 (#468) ############################################

418
AUX ESIA.
AXIONICUS.
sister Agnve tore Pentheus to pieces in their | erected them in a part of their own island called
Bacchic fury. (Hygin. Fab. 184. ) At last grief Oen, where they offered sacrifices and celebrated
and sadness at the lamentable fate of the house of mysteries. When the Epidaurians, in consequence
her father induced her to quit Thebes, and she of this, ceased to perform the sacrifices at Athens,
went to Erineia in the territory of Megara, where and the Athenians heard of the statues being car-
ber tomb was shewn as late as the time of Pausa- ried to Aegina, they demanded their surrender of
nias. (i. 44. § 8. ) There are five other mythical the Aeginetans. The islanders refused, and the
personages of this name. (Hesiod. Thcoy. 258 ; Athenians threw ropes round the sacred statues,
Apollod. i. 2. § 7, ii. 1. & 5, 7. $ 8; Paus. viii. to drag them away by force. But thunder and
9. $ 2; Hom. Od. xviii. 182. )
[L. S. ] earthquakes ensued, and the Athenians engaged in
AUTOPHRADATES (Avtoppadáns), a Per- the work were seized with madness, in which they
sian, who distinguished himself as a general in the killed one another. Only one of them escaped to
reign of Artaxerxes III. and Dareius Codomannus. carry back to Athens the sad tidings. The Aegi-
In the reign of the former he made Artabazus, the netans added to this legend, that the statues, while
revolted satrap of Lydia and Ionia, his prisoner, the Athenians were dragging them down, fell upon
but afterwards set him free. (Dem. c. Aristocr. their knees, and that they remained in this atti-
p. 671. ) [Artabazus, No. 4. ) After the death tude ever after. (Herod. v. 82-86; Paus. ii. 30. $ 5;
of the Persian admiral, Memnon, in B. c. 333, Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 122; comp. Müller, Dor. ii.
Autophradates and Pharnabazus undertook the 10. $ 4. note f. , iv. 6. § 11, Aeginet. p. 171. ) [L. S. )
command of the fleet, and reduced Mytilene, AUXO (Aútu). 1. (Horae. ]
the siege of which had been begun by Memnon. 2. An ancient Attic divinity, who was wor-
Pharnabazus now sailed with his prisoners to shipped, according to Pausanias (ix. 35. § 1), to-
Lycia, and Autophıradates attacked the other gether with Hegemone, under the name of Charites.
islands of the Aegaean, which espoused the cause (CHARITES. ]
[L. S. ]
of Alexander the Great. But Pharnabazus soon A'XIA GENS, plebeian, of which very little
after joined Autoplıradates again, and both siled is known, as there are only two or three persons
against Tenedos, which was induced by fear to of this name mentioned by ancient writers. There
surrender to the Persians. (Arrian, Anab. ü. 1. ) is a coin of this gens bearing on the obverse the
During these expeditions Autophradates also laid cognomen Naso, and on the reverse the inscription
siege to the town of Atarneus in Mysia, but with L. Arsius L. F. (Eckhel, v. p. 148); Arsius being
out success. (Aristot. Polit. ii. 4. $ 10. ) Among instead of Arius, in the same way as we find Max-
the Persian satraps who appeared before Alexander sumus for Marumus and Alea sandrea for Alexın-
at Zadracarta, Arrian (Anab. iii. 23) mentions an drea, We do not know who this L. Axsius Naso
Autophradates, satrap of the Tapuri, whom Alex- was ; as the Axii mentioned by ancient writers
ander left in the possession of the satrapy. But this have no cognomen. [Axius. ]
satrap is undoubtedly a different person from the AXI'EROS ('Aziepos), a daughter of Cadmilus,
Autophradates who cominanded the Persian fleet and one of the three Samothracian Cabeiri. Ac-
in the Aegean.
[L. S. ] cording to the Paris-Scholia on Apollonius (i. 915-
AUTROŠNIA GENS, of which the only family- 921), she was the same as Demeter. The two
name mentioned is PAETUS. Persons of this gens other Cabeiri were Axiocersa (Persephone), and
first came into notice in the last century of the Axiocersus (Hades). [CABEIRI. ] [L. S. )
republic: the first member of it who obtained the AXILLA, the name of a family of the Servilia
consulship was P. Autronius Paetus, in B. C. 65. gens, which is merely another form of AHALA.
AUXE’SIA (Augnoia), the goddess who grants Axilla is a diminutive of Ala. (Comp. Cic. Orat.
growth and prosperity to the fields, a surname of 45. ) We have only one person of this name men-
Persephone. According to a Troezeninn legend, tioned, namely,
there came once during an insurrection at Troezen C. SERVILIUS Q. F. C. n. (STRUCTUS) AXILLA,
two Cretan maidens, Auxesia and Damia, who consular tribune in B. c. 419 and again in 418,
was probably Demeter, and who, in our editions of in the latter of which he was magister equitum
Pausanias, is called Lamia (perhaps only an incor- to the dictator Q. Servilius Priscus Fidenas. This
rect reading for Damia). During the tumult, the is the account of the Fasti Capitolini ; but Livy
two maidens were stoned to death, whereupon the calls the consular tribune in B. C.