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L. Manlius Capitolinus linperiosus, dict. B. c. 363.
1. T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus, dict. B. c. 353, 349, co8. B. C. 344, 340.
2. T. Manlius Torquatus, slain by his father.
3. T. Torquatus, cos. B. C. 299.
4. L. Torquatus, legatus, B. c. 295.
5. A. Torquatus Atticus, cos. E C. 244, 241.
6. T. Torquatus, cos. 235, 224, dict. B. C. 208.
7. A. Torquatus.
1
8. T. Torquatus, cos. B. C. 165.
10. A. Torquatus, propr. B. c. 70. 12. T. Torquatus.
1
11. A. Torquatus, pr. B. c. 52.
13. T. Torquatus,
quaest. B. C. 43.
9. A. Torquatus, cos. B. C. 164.
14. L Torquatus, co8. B. C. 65.
15. L. Torquatus, pr. B. C. 49,
slain B. C. 46.
1. T. MANLIUS L. P. A. N. IMPERIOSUS TOR. Gaul, who had stepped out of the ranks and chal-
QUATUS, the son of L. Manlius Capitolinus Impe-| lenged a Roman to fight him. From the dead body
riosus, dictator in B. C. 363, was a favourite hero of the barbarian he took the chain (torques) which
of Roman story. He possessed the characteristic had adorned him, and placed it around his own neck;
virtues of the old Romans, being a brave man, an his comrades in their rude songs gave him the sur-
obedient son, and a severe father; and he never name of Torquatus, which he continued ever after-
allowed the feelings of nature or friendship to wards to bear, and which he handed down to his
interfere with what he deemed his duty to his descendants. His fame became so great that he
country. Manlius is said to have been dull of was appointed dictator in B. C. 353, before he bad
mind in his youth, and was brought up by his held the consulship, in order to carry on the war
father in the closest retirenient in the country. against the Caerites and the Etruscans. In B. o
The tribune M. Pomponius availed himself of the 349 he was raised to the dictatorship for the
latter circumstance, when he accused the elder purpose of holding the comitia. Two years after-
Manlius in B. C. 362, on account of the cruelties he wards, B. C. 347, he was consul for the first time
had practised in his dictatorship in the preceding with C. Plautius Venno Hypsaeus ; during which
year, to excite an odium against him, by represent year nothing of importance occurred, except the
ing him at the same time as a cruel and tyrannical enactment of a law de fenore. He was consul a
father. As soon as the younger Manlius heard of second time in B. C. 344 with C. Marcius Rutilus,
this, he hurried to Rome, obtained admission to and a third time in B. c. 340 with P. Decius Mus.
Pomponius early in the morning, and compelled | In his third consulship Torquatus and his colleague
the tribune, by threatening him with instant death gained the great victory over the Latins at the foot
if he did not take the oath, to swear that he would of Vesuvius, which established for ever the su-
drop the accusation against his father. Although premacy of Rome over Latium. An account of
the elder Manlius was no favourite with the people, this battle, which was mainly won by the self-
and had received the surname Imperiosus on ac- sacrifice of Decius Mus, has been given elsewhere.
count of his haughtiness, yet they were so delighted (Mus, No. 1. ) The name of Torquatus has be-
with the filial affection of the younger Manlius, come chiefly memorable in connection with this
that they not only forgave his violence to the tri- war on account of the execution of his son. Shortly
bune but elected him one of the tribunes of the before the battle, when the two armies were en-
soldiers in the course of the same year. In the camped opposite to one another, the consuls pub-
following year, B. c. 361, according to Livy, though lished a proclamation that no Roman should engage
other accounts give different years, Manlius served in single combat with a Latin on pain of death.
under the dictator T. Quintius Pennus in the war Notwithstanding this proclamation, the young Man-
against the Gauls, and in this campaign earned lius, the son of the consul, provoked by the insults
mmortal glory by slaying iu single combat a gigantic of a Tusculan noble of the name of Mettius Gemi-


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1164
TORQUATUS.
TORQUATUS.
TOF
12. T. Manlius T
of No. 12, is spoken of
Deistarus, B. c. 45, as
appears to be the sau:
who is mentioned by C
his correspondence wit
which we learn that b
wer of Pansa in B. C.
At viii. 20, 21, xii
76; Pseudo-Brut, ad
14. L MANLIUS L
B C 65 with L. Au
Cotta obtained the
the condemnation, on
nelius Sulla and P.
been already elected
Cassius (wxxvi. 27)
accused the consuls
Cicero (de Fin. ii. 19
is a mistake, and 1
quatus (No. 15) who
Salla and Paetus.
entered upon the ar
Caspiracy, as it is
Silla and Paetus i
nus, accepted his challenge, slew his adversary, and | Liv. Epit. 20; Oros. iv. 13. ) This Torquatus
bore the bloody spoils in triumph to his father. possessed the hereditary sterness and severity of
Death was his reward. The consul would not his family (priscae ac nimis durae severitatis,
overlook this breach of discipline: and the un- Liv. xxii. 60). We accordingly find him reso-
happy youth was executed by the lictor in pre- lutely opposing in the senate the ransom of those
sence of the assembled army. This severe sentence Romans who had been taken prisoners at the fatal
rendered Torquatus an object of detestation among battle of Cannae (B. C. 216). In the following
the Roman youths as long as he lived ; and the year (B. C. 217) he was sent into Sardinia in con-
recollection of his severity was preserved in after sequence of the illness of the praetor Q. Mucius,
ages by the expression Manliana imperia. Two who had the government of the province ; and
writers relate that the young Manlius was exe- while in the island he carried on the war with
cuted by his father's orders in a war with the success against the Carthaginians and the Sardi-
Gauls (Sall. Cat. 52 ; Dionys. viii. 79); but as nians, who had revolted at the instigation of the
we do not read of Torquatus having the com- former people. In B. c. 212 he was a candidate
mand in any war against the Gauls, it is probable for the dignity of pontifex maximus, but was de-
that he is confounded by these writers with feated by P. Licinius Crassus, who was greatly
No. 6, as Zonaras has done, who says (ix. 8), that his junior, and was then suing for the curule
No. 6 caused his son to be executed. Torquatus aedileship. The people wished to choose Tor-
is not mentioned again by Livy ; but according to quatus consul for the year 210, but he refused to
the Fasti he was dictator for the third time in accept the honour. Two years afterwards (B. C.
B. C. 320. (Liv. vii. 4, 5, 10, 19, 26–28, viii. 3— 208) he was appointed dictator for the purpose of
12; Cic. de Off. iii. 31, de Fin. i. 7, i.
19, 22, holding the comitia and presiding at the games
Tusc. iv. 22 ; Val. Max. vi. 9. § 1, i. 7. $ 3, ii. 7. which had been vowed by the praetor M. Aemi-
$ 6 ; Gell. i. 13; Dion Cass. Fragm. 34, p. 16, lius. (Liv. xxii. 60, xxiii. 34, 40, 41, xxv. 5,
Reim. ; Aurel. Vict. de Vir. I. 28. )
xxvi. 22, xxvii. 33. ) He died in B, C. 202. (Liv.
2. T. MANLIUS TORQUATUS, the son of the xxx. 39. )
preceding, was slain by his father's order, as is 7. A. Manlius TORQUATUS, known only from
related above.
the Fasti Capitolini as the son of No. 6 and the
3. T. MANLIUS TORQUATUS, probably a son of father of No. 8.
No. 2, was consul B. C. 299 with M. Fulvius 8. T. MANLIUS A. F. T. N. TORQUATUS, the
Paetinus. He was appointed to conduct the war son of No. 7, was consul B. c. 165 with Cn. Octa-
against the Etruscans ; but he had scarcely entered vius. He inherited the severity of his ancestors ;
Etruria, when he was thrown from his horse, and of which an instance is related in the condemnation
died in consequence on the third day after. (Liv. x. of his son, who had been adopted by D. Junius
9, 11. )
Silanus, the particulars of which are related else-
4. L. MANLIUS Torquatus, probably a brother where. (Silanus, No. 3. ) He appears to be the
of No. 3, legatus of the propraetor Scipio in the same person as the T. Manlius Torquatus, who
great campaign of B. C. 295. (Liv. X. 26. ) was elected pontiff in B. C. 170, and who was sent
5. A. Manlius T. F. T. N. TORQUATUS AT: on an embassy to Egypt about B. c. 164 to mediate
TICUS, son of No. 3, was censor B. C. 247 with between the two Ptolemies, Philometor and Euer-
A. Atilius Calatinus, consul for the first time in getes. On his return Torquatus spoke in the
244 with C. Sempronius Blaesus, and for the senate in favour of the younger brother, Euergetes.
second time in 241 with Q. Lutatius Cerco. In (Liv. xliii. 11 ; Polyb. xxxi. 18, xxxii. 1. )
his second consulship Torquatus defeated the Fa- 9. A. Manlius A. F. T. N. TORQUATUS, son
lisci, who had taken up arins and obtained a tri- of No. 7 and brother of No. 8, was praetor B. C.
umph in consequence. " (Fasti Capit. ; Eutrop. ii. 167, when he obtained Sardinia, but was unable to
28; Oros. iv. 11; comp. Liv. Ep. 19; Polyb. i. go into his province, as he was retained by the
65. ) Pliny (H. N. vii. 53. 8. 54) speaks of the senate to investigate some capital offences. He
sudden death of a consular A. Manlius Torquatus, was consul in B. c. 164 with Q. Cassius Longinus
who may have been either the subject of this notice (Liv. xlv. 16; Fasti Capit. ). Respecting his
or No. 9.
death, see No. 5.
6. T. Manlius T. p. T. N. TORQUATUS, son of 10. A. ManliuS TORQUATUS, was propraetor
No. 3 and brother of No. 5, was consul for the of Africa, perhaps about B. c. 70, where Plancius,
first time in B. c. 235 with C. Atilius Bulbus, in whom Cicero defended at a later period, served
which year he conquered the Sardinians, and ob under bim. (Cic. pro Planc. 11. )
tained in consequence a triumph. His first consul- 11. A. MANLIUS TORQUATUS, probably son of
ship was memorable from the circumstance that the No. 10, was praetor in B. c. 52, when he presided
temple of Janus was closed in this year, in conse- at the trial of Milo for bribery. On the breaking
quence of the Romans enjoying universal peace, out of the civil war he espoused the side of Pom-
which is said not to have occurred before since the pey, and after the defeat of the latter retired to
reign of Numa Pompilius. (Eutrop. iii. 3; Liv. Athens, where he was living in exile in B. C. 45.
xxiii. 34 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 38; Oros. iv. 12; Liv. i. He was an intimate friend of Cicero, who addressed
19; Plut. Num. 20. ) In B. c. 231 Torquatus was four letters to him (ad Fam. vi. 1-4) while he
elected censor with Q. Fulvius Flaccus, but was was in exile. (Ascon. in Cic. Mil. pp. 40, 54, ed.
obliged to resign through some unfavourable symp- Orelli ; Cic. ad Att.