430),
taken, unless one of the bones of Pelops were with reference to the treatment of tetanus.
taken, unless one of the bones of Pelops were with reference to the treatment of tetanus.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
ii.
34.
& 4.
) According to a tradition which him, who should conquer him in the chariot-race,
became very general in later times, Pelops was a but that he should kill those that should be con-
Phrygian, who was expelled from Sipylus by Ilus quered by him. (Oexomaus) Among other
(Paus. ii. 22. $ 4, v. 13. $ 4), whereupon the exile suitors Pelops also presented himself, but when he
then came with his great wealth to Pisa (v. 1. $ 5; saw the heads of his conquered predecessors stuck
Thucyd. i. 9; comp. Soph. Ajur, 1292 ; Pind. up above the door of Oenomaus, he was seized with
Ol. i. 36, ix. 15); others describe him as a Paph- fear, and endearoured to gain the favour of Myrti-
lagonian, and call him an Eneteian, from the lus, the charioteer of Oenomaus, promising him
Paphlagonian town of Enete, and the Paphlagonians half the kingdom if he would assist him in gaining
themselves Nelothiou (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 358, with Hippodameia. Myrtilus agreed, and did not pro-
the Schol. , and 790 ; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. i. 37 ; perly fasten the wheels to the chariot of Oenomaus,
Diod. iv. 74), while others again represent him as a 80 that he might be upset during the race. The
native of Greece, who came from Olenos in Achaia. plan succeeded, and Oenomaus dying pronounced a
(Schol. ad Pind. I. c. ) Gome, further, call him an curse upon Myrtilus. When Pelops returned
Arcadian, and state that by a stratagem he slew home with Hippodameia and Myrtilus, he resolved
the Arcadian king Stymphalus, and scattered about to throw the latter into the sea. As Myrtilus
the limbs of his body which he had cut to pieces. sank, he cursed Pelops and his whole race. (Hygin,
(Apollod. iii. 12. & 6. ) There can be little doubt | Fab. 84 ; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. i. 114 ; Diod. iv. 73 ;
that in the earliest and most genuine traditions, Eustath. ad Hom. p. 183. ) This story too is re-
Pelops was described as a native of Greece and not lated with various modifications. According to
As a foreign immigrant ; and in them he is called Pindar, Pelops did not gain the victory by any
the tamer of horses and the favourite of Poseidon. stratagem, but called for assistance upon Poseidon,
(Hom. Il. ii. 104 ; Paus. v. 1. & 5, 8. $1; Pind. who gave him a chariot and horses by which he
Ol. i, 38. )
overcame Oenomaus. (Ol. i. 109, &c. ) On the
The legends about Pelops consist mainly of the chest of Cypselus where the race was represented,
story of his being cut to pieces and boiled, and of the horses had wings. (Paus. v. 17. & 4 ; comp.
the tale concerning his contest with Oenomaus and Apollon. Rhod. i. 752, &c. ; HIPPODAMEIA and
Hippodameia, to which may be added the legends MYRTILUS. ) In order to atone for the murder
about his relation to his song and about his remains of Myrtilus, Pelops founded the first temple of
1. Pelops cut to pieces and boiled. (Kpeoupyla Hermes in Peloponnesus (Paus. v. 15. $5), and
Néonos. ) Tantalus, the favourite of the gods, it he also erected a monument to the unsuccessful
is said, once invited them to a repast, and on that suitors of Hippodameia, at which an annual sacri-
occasion he slaughtered his own son, and having fice was offered to them (vi. 21. $7). When Pe-
boiled him set the flesh before them that they lops had gained possession of Hippodameia, he went
might eat it. But the immortal gods, knowing with her to Pisa in Elis, and soon also made him-
what it was, did not touch it; Demeter alone being self master of Olympia, where he restored the
absorbed by her grief about her lost daughter Olympian games with greater splendour than they
(others mentioned Thetis, Schol. ud Pind. Ol. i. had ever had before. (Pind. Ol. ix, 16 ; Paus. v.
37), consumed the shoulder of Pelops Hereupon 1. & 5, 8. & 1. ) He received his sceptre from
the gods ordered Hermes to put the limbs of Pelops Hermes and bequeathed it to Atreus. (Hom. N. in
into a cauldron, and thereby restore to him his life 104. )
and former appearance. When the process was 3. The sons of Pelops. Chrysippus who was the
over, Clotho took him out of the cauldron, and as favourite of his father, roused the envy of his bro-
the shoulder consumed by Demeter was wanting, thers, who in concert with Hippodameia, prevailed
Demeter supplied its place by one made of ivory ; upon the two eldest among them, Atreus and
his descer. dants (the Pelopidae), as a mark of their Thyestes, to kill Chrysippus. They accomplished
origin, were believed to have one shoulder as white their crime, and threw the body of their murdered
as ivory. (Pind. Ol. j. 37, &c. with the Schol. ; brother into a well. According to some Atreus
Tzetz. ad Lyc. 152 ; Hygin. Fab. 83 ; Virg. Georg. alone was the murderer (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest.
ji. 7 ; Ov. Met. vi. 404. ) This story is not re- 300), or Pelops himself killed him (schol. ad
lated by all authors in' the same manner, for | Thucyd. i. 9), or Chrysippus made away with
according to some, Rhea restored Pelops, and Pan, himself (Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 1760), or Hippo-
N 3
## p. 182 (#198) ############################################
182
PELOPS.
PENATES.
Ca;
bees
dameia slew him, because her own sons refused to De Libris Proprüs, c. 2, and De Ord. Libror, suor,
do it. (Plut. Parall
. Min. 33. ) According to the vol. xix. pp. 16, 17, 57. ) He wrote a work en-
common tradition, however, Pelops, who suspected titled Ιπποκράτειαι Εισαγωγαί, Introductiones Hip-
his sons of the murder, expelled them from the pocralicae, consisting of at least three books (Galen,
country, and they dispersed all over Peloponnesus. De Muscul. Dissect. init. vol. xviii. pt. ii. p. 926),
(Schol. ad Eurip. Or. 5; Paus. v. 8. $1. ) Hip in the second of which he maintained that the
podameia, dreading the anger of her husband, fied brain was the origin not only of the nerves, but also
to Midea in Argolis, from whence her remains were of the veins and arteries, though in another of his
afterwards conveyed by Pelops, at the command of works he considered the veins to arise from the
an oracle, to Olympia. (Paus. vi. 20. § 4. ) Some liver, like most of the ancient anatomists (Galen,
state that Hippodameia made away with herself. De Hippoct, et Plat. Decr. vi. 3, 5. vol. v. pp. 527,
(Hygin. Fab. 85, 213. ) She had a sanctuary at 544). He is several times mentioned in other
Olympia in the grove Altis, to which women alone parts of Galen's writings, and is said by the author
had access, and in the race course at Olympia there of the spurious commentary on the Aphorisms of
was a bronze statue of her. (Paus. vi. 20. 'S 10. ) Hippocrates, that goes under the name of Oribasius
4. The remains of Pelops. While the Greeks (p. 8. ed. Basil. 1535), to have translated the
were engaged in the siege of Troy, they were in- | Aphorisms into Latin, word for word. He is
formed by an oracle, that the city could not be quoted also by Paulus Aegineta (iii. 20, p.
430),
taken, unless one of the bones of Pelops were with reference to the treatment of tetanus.
brought from Elis to Troas. The shoulder bone 2. The medical writer quoted by Pliny (H. N.
accordingly was fetched from Letrina or Pisa, but xxxii. 16), must be a different person, who lived
was lost together with the ship in which it was about a century earlier than Galen's tutor, though
carried, off the coast of Euboea. Many years Fabricius, by an oversightspeaks of him as the
afterwards it was dragged up from the bottom of same person (Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 360, ed vet. ):
the sea by a fisherman, Demarmenus of Eretria, and this is probably the physician quoted by Ascle-
who concealed it in the sand, and then consulted piades Pharmacion (ap. Galen, De Antid, ii. 11,
the Delphic oracle about it. At Delphi he met vol. xiv. p. 172).
(W. A. G. )
ambassadors of the Eleians, who had come to con- PELOR (néAwp), one of the Spartae or men
sult the oracle respecting a plague, which was that grew forth from the dragons' teeth which
raging in their country. The Pythia requested Cadmus sowed at Thebes. (Apollod. iii. 4. $1;
Demarmenus to give the shoulder bone of Pelops Paus. ix. 5. $1; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 670;
to the Eleians. This was done accordingly, and comp. Cadmus. )
(L. S. )
the Eleians appointed Demarmenus to guard the PENATES, the household gods of the Romans,
venerable relic. (Paus. v. 13. $3 ; Tzetz. ad Lyc. both in regard to a private family and to the state,
52, 54. ) According to some the Palladium was as the great family of citizens: hence we shall
made of the bones of Pelops. (Clem. Alex. ad Gent. have to distinguish between private and public
p. 30, d ; comp. Plin. H. N. xxviii. 4. ) Pelops | Penates. The name is unquestionably connected
was honoured at Olympia above all other heroes. with penus, they being the gods who were wor-
(Paus. v. 13. $ 1. ) His tomb with an iron sar- shipped, and whose images were kept in the
cophagus existed on the banks of the Alpheius, not central part of the house, or the penetralia, and
far from the temple of Artemis near Pisa ; and who thus protected the whole household. (Isidor.
every year the ephebi there scourged themselves, Orig. viii. 11 ; Fest. s. ov. Penetralia, Penus. ) The
shedding their blood as a funeral sacrifice to the Greeks, when speaking of the Roman Penates,
hero. (Schol. ad Pind. Ol. i. 146. ) The spot on called them θεοί πατρώοι, γενέθλιοι, κτήσιοι, μύχιοι,
which his sanctuary (TEÓRIOV) stood in the grove @pki01. (Dionys. i. 67. ) The Lares therefore were
Altis, was said to have been dedicated by He included among the Penates ; both names, in fact,
racles, who also offered to him the first sacrifices. are often used synonymously (Schol. ad Horut.
(Paus. l. c. ; v. 26, in fin. ; Apollod. ii. 7. & 2. ) Epod. ii. 43 ; Plaut. Merc. v. 1. 5; Aulul. ii. 8.
The magistrates of the Eleians likewise offered to 16; Plin. H. N. xxviii. 20), and the figures of two
him there an annual sacrifice, consisting of a black youths whom Dionysius (i. 68) saw in the temple
ram, with special ceremonies. (Paus. v. 13. $ 2. ) of the Penates, were no doubt the same as the
His chariot was shown in the temple of Demeter Lares praestites, that is, the twin founders of the
at Phlius, and his sword in the treasury of the city of Rome. The Lares, however, though they
Sicyonians at Olympia. (Paus. ii. 14. & 3, vi. 19. may be regarded as identical with the Penates,
§ 3. )
were yet not the only Penates, for each family had
2. Of Opus, one of the suitors of Hippodareia usually no more than one Lar, whereas the Penates
who was unsuccessful, and was killed. (Schol. ad are always spoken of in the plural. (Plaut. Merc.
Pind. Ol. i. 127. )
v. 1. 5. ) Now considering that Jupiter and Juno
3. A son of Agamemnon by Cassandra. (Paus. were regarded as the protectors and the promoters
ii. 16. & 5. )
[L. S. ) of happiness, peace, and concord in the family, and
PELOPS (nerok), a physician of Smyrna, in that Jupiter is not only called a deus penetralis
Lydia, in the second century after Christ, cele-(Fest. s. v. Herceus), but that sacrifices were of-
brated for his anatomical knowledge. He was a fered to him on the hearth along with the Lares,
pupil of Numisianus (Galen, Comment, in Hippocr. there can be little doubt but that Jupiter and
* De Nat. Hom. ” ii. 6. vol. xv. p. 136), and one of Juno too were worshipped as Penates. Vesta also
Galen's earliest tutors, who went to Smyrna, and is reckoned among the Penates (Serv, ad Aen. ii.
resided in his house for some time, on purpose to 297 ; Macrob. Sat. iii. 4; Ov. Met. xv. 864), for
attend his lectures and those of the Platonic phi- each hearth, being the symbol of domestic union,
losopher Albinus, about A. D. 150. (De Anat. had its Vesta. All other Penates, both public and
Admin. i. 1, vol. ii. p. 217, De Atra Bile, c. 3, vol. private, seem to have consisted of certain sacred
v. p. 112, De Locis Affect, iii. 11, vol. viii. p. 194, relics connected with indefinite divinities, and
## p. 183 (#199) ############################################
PENATES.
183
PENELOPE.
hence the expression of Varro, that the number | Die Relig. der Röm. vol. i. p. 71, &c. ; Klausen,
and names of the Penates were indefinite (ap. Aeneas und die Penaten, p. 620, &c. ) (L. S. )
Arnob. jii. 40 ; Macrob. I. c. ; Isid. Orig.
became very general in later times, Pelops was a but that he should kill those that should be con-
Phrygian, who was expelled from Sipylus by Ilus quered by him. (Oexomaus) Among other
(Paus. ii. 22. $ 4, v. 13. $ 4), whereupon the exile suitors Pelops also presented himself, but when he
then came with his great wealth to Pisa (v. 1. $ 5; saw the heads of his conquered predecessors stuck
Thucyd. i. 9; comp. Soph. Ajur, 1292 ; Pind. up above the door of Oenomaus, he was seized with
Ol. i. 36, ix. 15); others describe him as a Paph- fear, and endearoured to gain the favour of Myrti-
lagonian, and call him an Eneteian, from the lus, the charioteer of Oenomaus, promising him
Paphlagonian town of Enete, and the Paphlagonians half the kingdom if he would assist him in gaining
themselves Nelothiou (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 358, with Hippodameia. Myrtilus agreed, and did not pro-
the Schol. , and 790 ; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. i. 37 ; perly fasten the wheels to the chariot of Oenomaus,
Diod. iv. 74), while others again represent him as a 80 that he might be upset during the race. The
native of Greece, who came from Olenos in Achaia. plan succeeded, and Oenomaus dying pronounced a
(Schol. ad Pind. I. c. ) Gome, further, call him an curse upon Myrtilus. When Pelops returned
Arcadian, and state that by a stratagem he slew home with Hippodameia and Myrtilus, he resolved
the Arcadian king Stymphalus, and scattered about to throw the latter into the sea. As Myrtilus
the limbs of his body which he had cut to pieces. sank, he cursed Pelops and his whole race. (Hygin,
(Apollod. iii. 12. & 6. ) There can be little doubt | Fab. 84 ; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. i. 114 ; Diod. iv. 73 ;
that in the earliest and most genuine traditions, Eustath. ad Hom. p. 183. ) This story too is re-
Pelops was described as a native of Greece and not lated with various modifications. According to
As a foreign immigrant ; and in them he is called Pindar, Pelops did not gain the victory by any
the tamer of horses and the favourite of Poseidon. stratagem, but called for assistance upon Poseidon,
(Hom. Il. ii. 104 ; Paus. v. 1. & 5, 8. $1; Pind. who gave him a chariot and horses by which he
Ol. i, 38. )
overcame Oenomaus. (Ol. i. 109, &c. ) On the
The legends about Pelops consist mainly of the chest of Cypselus where the race was represented,
story of his being cut to pieces and boiled, and of the horses had wings. (Paus. v. 17. & 4 ; comp.
the tale concerning his contest with Oenomaus and Apollon. Rhod. i. 752, &c. ; HIPPODAMEIA and
Hippodameia, to which may be added the legends MYRTILUS. ) In order to atone for the murder
about his relation to his song and about his remains of Myrtilus, Pelops founded the first temple of
1. Pelops cut to pieces and boiled. (Kpeoupyla Hermes in Peloponnesus (Paus. v. 15. $5), and
Néonos. ) Tantalus, the favourite of the gods, it he also erected a monument to the unsuccessful
is said, once invited them to a repast, and on that suitors of Hippodameia, at which an annual sacri-
occasion he slaughtered his own son, and having fice was offered to them (vi. 21. $7). When Pe-
boiled him set the flesh before them that they lops had gained possession of Hippodameia, he went
might eat it. But the immortal gods, knowing with her to Pisa in Elis, and soon also made him-
what it was, did not touch it; Demeter alone being self master of Olympia, where he restored the
absorbed by her grief about her lost daughter Olympian games with greater splendour than they
(others mentioned Thetis, Schol. ud Pind. Ol. i. had ever had before. (Pind. Ol. ix, 16 ; Paus. v.
37), consumed the shoulder of Pelops Hereupon 1. & 5, 8. & 1. ) He received his sceptre from
the gods ordered Hermes to put the limbs of Pelops Hermes and bequeathed it to Atreus. (Hom. N. in
into a cauldron, and thereby restore to him his life 104. )
and former appearance. When the process was 3. The sons of Pelops. Chrysippus who was the
over, Clotho took him out of the cauldron, and as favourite of his father, roused the envy of his bro-
the shoulder consumed by Demeter was wanting, thers, who in concert with Hippodameia, prevailed
Demeter supplied its place by one made of ivory ; upon the two eldest among them, Atreus and
his descer. dants (the Pelopidae), as a mark of their Thyestes, to kill Chrysippus. They accomplished
origin, were believed to have one shoulder as white their crime, and threw the body of their murdered
as ivory. (Pind. Ol. j. 37, &c. with the Schol. ; brother into a well. According to some Atreus
Tzetz. ad Lyc. 152 ; Hygin. Fab. 83 ; Virg. Georg. alone was the murderer (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest.
ji. 7 ; Ov. Met. vi. 404. ) This story is not re- 300), or Pelops himself killed him (schol. ad
lated by all authors in' the same manner, for | Thucyd. i. 9), or Chrysippus made away with
according to some, Rhea restored Pelops, and Pan, himself (Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 1760), or Hippo-
N 3
## p. 182 (#198) ############################################
182
PELOPS.
PENATES.
Ca;
bees
dameia slew him, because her own sons refused to De Libris Proprüs, c. 2, and De Ord. Libror, suor,
do it. (Plut. Parall
. Min. 33. ) According to the vol. xix. pp. 16, 17, 57. ) He wrote a work en-
common tradition, however, Pelops, who suspected titled Ιπποκράτειαι Εισαγωγαί, Introductiones Hip-
his sons of the murder, expelled them from the pocralicae, consisting of at least three books (Galen,
country, and they dispersed all over Peloponnesus. De Muscul. Dissect. init. vol. xviii. pt. ii. p. 926),
(Schol. ad Eurip. Or. 5; Paus. v. 8. $1. ) Hip in the second of which he maintained that the
podameia, dreading the anger of her husband, fied brain was the origin not only of the nerves, but also
to Midea in Argolis, from whence her remains were of the veins and arteries, though in another of his
afterwards conveyed by Pelops, at the command of works he considered the veins to arise from the
an oracle, to Olympia. (Paus. vi. 20. § 4. ) Some liver, like most of the ancient anatomists (Galen,
state that Hippodameia made away with herself. De Hippoct, et Plat. Decr. vi. 3, 5. vol. v. pp. 527,
(Hygin. Fab. 85, 213. ) She had a sanctuary at 544). He is several times mentioned in other
Olympia in the grove Altis, to which women alone parts of Galen's writings, and is said by the author
had access, and in the race course at Olympia there of the spurious commentary on the Aphorisms of
was a bronze statue of her. (Paus. vi. 20. 'S 10. ) Hippocrates, that goes under the name of Oribasius
4. The remains of Pelops. While the Greeks (p. 8. ed. Basil. 1535), to have translated the
were engaged in the siege of Troy, they were in- | Aphorisms into Latin, word for word. He is
formed by an oracle, that the city could not be quoted also by Paulus Aegineta (iii. 20, p.
430),
taken, unless one of the bones of Pelops were with reference to the treatment of tetanus.
brought from Elis to Troas. The shoulder bone 2. The medical writer quoted by Pliny (H. N.
accordingly was fetched from Letrina or Pisa, but xxxii. 16), must be a different person, who lived
was lost together with the ship in which it was about a century earlier than Galen's tutor, though
carried, off the coast of Euboea. Many years Fabricius, by an oversightspeaks of him as the
afterwards it was dragged up from the bottom of same person (Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 360, ed vet. ):
the sea by a fisherman, Demarmenus of Eretria, and this is probably the physician quoted by Ascle-
who concealed it in the sand, and then consulted piades Pharmacion (ap. Galen, De Antid, ii. 11,
the Delphic oracle about it. At Delphi he met vol. xiv. p. 172).
(W. A. G. )
ambassadors of the Eleians, who had come to con- PELOR (néAwp), one of the Spartae or men
sult the oracle respecting a plague, which was that grew forth from the dragons' teeth which
raging in their country. The Pythia requested Cadmus sowed at Thebes. (Apollod. iii. 4. $1;
Demarmenus to give the shoulder bone of Pelops Paus. ix. 5. $1; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 670;
to the Eleians. This was done accordingly, and comp. Cadmus. )
(L. S. )
the Eleians appointed Demarmenus to guard the PENATES, the household gods of the Romans,
venerable relic. (Paus. v. 13. $3 ; Tzetz. ad Lyc. both in regard to a private family and to the state,
52, 54. ) According to some the Palladium was as the great family of citizens: hence we shall
made of the bones of Pelops. (Clem. Alex. ad Gent. have to distinguish between private and public
p. 30, d ; comp. Plin. H. N. xxviii. 4. ) Pelops | Penates. The name is unquestionably connected
was honoured at Olympia above all other heroes. with penus, they being the gods who were wor-
(Paus. v. 13. $ 1. ) His tomb with an iron sar- shipped, and whose images were kept in the
cophagus existed on the banks of the Alpheius, not central part of the house, or the penetralia, and
far from the temple of Artemis near Pisa ; and who thus protected the whole household. (Isidor.
every year the ephebi there scourged themselves, Orig. viii. 11 ; Fest. s. ov. Penetralia, Penus. ) The
shedding their blood as a funeral sacrifice to the Greeks, when speaking of the Roman Penates,
hero. (Schol. ad Pind. Ol. i. 146. ) The spot on called them θεοί πατρώοι, γενέθλιοι, κτήσιοι, μύχιοι,
which his sanctuary (TEÓRIOV) stood in the grove @pki01. (Dionys. i. 67. ) The Lares therefore were
Altis, was said to have been dedicated by He included among the Penates ; both names, in fact,
racles, who also offered to him the first sacrifices. are often used synonymously (Schol. ad Horut.
(Paus. l. c. ; v. 26, in fin. ; Apollod. ii. 7. & 2. ) Epod. ii. 43 ; Plaut. Merc. v. 1. 5; Aulul. ii. 8.
The magistrates of the Eleians likewise offered to 16; Plin. H. N. xxviii. 20), and the figures of two
him there an annual sacrifice, consisting of a black youths whom Dionysius (i. 68) saw in the temple
ram, with special ceremonies. (Paus. v. 13. $ 2. ) of the Penates, were no doubt the same as the
His chariot was shown in the temple of Demeter Lares praestites, that is, the twin founders of the
at Phlius, and his sword in the treasury of the city of Rome. The Lares, however, though they
Sicyonians at Olympia. (Paus. ii. 14. & 3, vi. 19. may be regarded as identical with the Penates,
§ 3. )
were yet not the only Penates, for each family had
2. Of Opus, one of the suitors of Hippodareia usually no more than one Lar, whereas the Penates
who was unsuccessful, and was killed. (Schol. ad are always spoken of in the plural. (Plaut. Merc.
Pind. Ol. i. 127. )
v. 1. 5. ) Now considering that Jupiter and Juno
3. A son of Agamemnon by Cassandra. (Paus. were regarded as the protectors and the promoters
ii. 16. & 5. )
[L. S. ) of happiness, peace, and concord in the family, and
PELOPS (nerok), a physician of Smyrna, in that Jupiter is not only called a deus penetralis
Lydia, in the second century after Christ, cele-(Fest. s. v. Herceus), but that sacrifices were of-
brated for his anatomical knowledge. He was a fered to him on the hearth along with the Lares,
pupil of Numisianus (Galen, Comment, in Hippocr. there can be little doubt but that Jupiter and
* De Nat. Hom. ” ii. 6. vol. xv. p. 136), and one of Juno too were worshipped as Penates. Vesta also
Galen's earliest tutors, who went to Smyrna, and is reckoned among the Penates (Serv, ad Aen. ii.
resided in his house for some time, on purpose to 297 ; Macrob. Sat. iii. 4; Ov. Met. xv. 864), for
attend his lectures and those of the Platonic phi- each hearth, being the symbol of domestic union,
losopher Albinus, about A. D. 150. (De Anat. had its Vesta. All other Penates, both public and
Admin. i. 1, vol. ii. p. 217, De Atra Bile, c. 3, vol. private, seem to have consisted of certain sacred
v. p. 112, De Locis Affect, iii. 11, vol. viii. p. 194, relics connected with indefinite divinities, and
## p. 183 (#199) ############################################
PENATES.
183
PENELOPE.
hence the expression of Varro, that the number | Die Relig. der Röm. vol. i. p. 71, &c. ; Klausen,
and names of the Penates were indefinite (ap. Aeneas und die Penaten, p. 620, &c. ) (L. S. )
Arnob. jii. 40 ; Macrob. I. c. ; Isid. Orig.
