éq' iepóv; stopped at Zacynthus, and
forcibly
restored some
Schol.
Schol.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
70 ; Tzetz.
Chil.
vii.
273; Suid.
s.
r.
)
invention of this species of poetry is ascribed to The comic poets who mention him, besides Aristo-
Xenophanes of Colophon. [XENOPHANES. ] The phanes, are Phrynichus, Plato, and Antiphanes,
Silli of Timon were in three books, in the first of the last of whom made him the subject of one of
which he spoke in his own person, and the other his comedies. (See Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com.
two are in the form of a dialogue between the Graec. pp. 327, 328. ) He was an Athenian, of
author and Xenophanes of Colophon, in which the demos of Colyttus, and his father's name was
Timon proposed questions, to which Xenophanes Echecratidcs. In consequence of the ingratitude
replied at length. The subject was a sarcastic he experienced, and the disappointments he suf-
account of the tenets of all philosophers, living and ered, from his early friends and companions, he
dead ; an unbounded field for scepticism and satire. secluded himself entirely from the world, admit-
They were in hexameter verse, and, from the way ting no one to his society except Alcibiades, in
in which they are mentioned by the ancient writers, whose reckless and variable disposition he probably
as well as from the few fragments of them which found pleasure in tracing and studying an image of
bure come down to us, it is evident that they were | the world he had abandoned ; and at last he is
agains
obszes
Timon
bistory
Timot
Eppus
Laerti
Laert
stead
Graec
on Th
Simon
( 83
may
TIL
Timol
TID
delph
That
which
i fred
es
lii
, pa
Schol
'Art
Pp. 1
Hell.
TI
of or
*agu
the ti
1,98
by P
(Bu
proba
are io
## p. 1145 (#1161) ##########################################
TIMOSTRATUS.
'1145
TIMOTHEUS.
1
said to have died in consequence of refusing to whose Anuotointos is quoted by Suidas (s. r.
suffer a surgeon to come to him to set a broken xápač) is an error for Tiborpatos. (Meineke,
limb. His grave is said to have been planted with Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 499, 500, vol. is.
thorns, and the following epitaph upon him is pre- pp. 595, 596 ; Editio Minor, p. 1184. ) (P. S. )
served in the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anul. vol. TIMOʻTHIEUS (Teó Beos), historical. 1. Father
i. p. 153; Jacobs, Anth Graec. vol. i. p. 86):- of Conon, the famous general. (Paus. viii. 52. )
'Ενθάδο απορρήξας ψυχήν βαρυδαίμονα κείμαι,
2. Son of Conon, was a native of the demus
Τούνομα δ' ού πεύσεσθε, κακοί δέ κακώς απόλoισθε. | of Anaplilystus, and, according to a probable con-
jecture of Boeckh, belonged to the priestly family
The few details recorded of his eccentricities by of the Eumolpidae (Corp. Inscr. 393; sce Reh-
the authors above cited have no value except as dantz, Vit. Iph. Chabr. T'im. p. 45). For the state-
contributing to the study of his whole character, ment of Athenaeus (xiii. p. 577, a), that his mo.
as one type of the diseased human mind, a subject ther was a Thracian hetaera, there appear to bo
which lies beyond our present limits, but for which no good grounds. Inheriting a considerable fortune
the reader will find ample materials in comparing from his father, he seenis in his early years to
the ancient authorities with Shakspeare's Timon of have indulged in the display of it, as we may
Athens, and in this comparison Mr. Knight's In-gather from an allusion in the Plutus of Aristó
troductory Notice to that tragedy will be found to phanes (B. C. 388); and we may therefore well
give valuable assistance.
(P. S. ] believe the assertion, that it was through his inter-
TIMON, a statuary, of whom nothing is known course with Isocrates that his mind was directed
beyond the mention of him by Pliny as one of to higher views (Lys. de Arist. Bon. p. 155; Arist.
those who made athletas et armatos et venutores su- Plut. 180; Schol. ad loc. ; Dem. c. Aphob. i. p. 815,
crificantesque. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. 6. 19. & c. Aphob. de F. T. p. 862 ; Pseudo-Dem. Erot. p.
34. )
(P. S. ) 1415). In B. c. 378, Timotheus was made general
TIMONAX (Τιμώνας), wrote Σικελικά and with Chabrias and Callistratus, and it is possible
Nepl Exvewv. (Schol ad Apoll. Rhod. iii. 1235, that, while Chabrias was occupied in Boeotia, his
iv. 328, 1217. )
colleagues commanded the fleet, and were engaged
TIMO'NIDES (Teuwvidns), accompanied Dion in bringing over Euboea and other islands to the
into Sicily, and fought on his side. On one occa- Athenian confederacy (Xen. Hell. v. 4. § 34 ;
sion, when Dion had been wounded while fighting Diod. xv. 29, 30; Plut. de Glor. Ath. 8; Rehdantz,
against the mercenaries of Dionysius, and was p. 57). In B. C. 375, Timotheus was sent with
obliged to retire from the combat, he appointed sixty ships to cruize round the Peloponnesus, in
Timonides to the command of his troops. The accordance with the suggestion of the Thebans, that
history of Dion's wars in Sicily was related by the Spartans might thus be prevented from in-
Timonides in some letters to the philosopher Speu- vading Boeotia. On his voyage he ravaged Laconin,
sippus, which are quoted by Plutarch and Diogenes and then proceeded to Corcyra, which he brought
Laërtius. (Plut. Dion, cc. 22, 30, 31, 35; Diog. over to the Athenian alliance, behaving after his
Laërt. iv. 5, where Tiuwvions must be read in success with great moderation. This conduct, to-
stead of Equwvions ; C. Müller, Fragm. Historic. gether with his conciliatory disposition and man-
Grucc. vol. ii. p. 83, Paris, 1848. ) The Scholiast ners, contributed mainly to the prosperous issue of
on Theocritus (i. 63) quotes a work on Sicily by his further negotiations, and he succeeded in gain-
Simonides, where Timonides is probably likewise ing the alliance of the Cephallenians and Acarna-
the correct reading. In the article Simonides nians, as well as that of Alcetas I. , the king of
(p. 836, b) an error has been committed, which Epirus. A Spartan fleet under Nicolochus was
may be corrected from the preceding account. sent out against him, but he defeated it off Alyzia
TIMO'PHANES (Truopávns), the brother of on the Acarnanian coast, and, being strengthened
Timoleon. [TIMULEON. ]
shortly after by a reinforcement from Corcyra, he
TIMOʻSTHENES (Tipoodévns), the Rhodian, entirely commanded the sea, though, having brought
was the admiral of the fleet of Ptolemy Phila- with him only thirteen talents from home, he was
delphus, who reigned from B. c. 285 to 247. He greatly embarrassed for want of funds (Xen. Hell.
may therefore be placed about B. C. 282. He wrote v. 4. SS 62—66 ; Dem. C. Arist. p. 686 ; Isocr.
a work on Harbours (Trepi Niuévwv), in ten books, Tepl 'AVTid. $ 116; Diod. xv. 36; Corn. Nep. Tim.
which was copied by Eratosthenes, and which 2; Ael. V. H. iii. 16 ; Pseudo-Arist. Oecon. ii. 23 ;
is frequently cited by the ancient writers. Strabo Polyaen. iii. 10). In the following year peace was
says (ix. p. 421) that Timosthenes also wrote concluded between Athens and Sparta, and Timo-
poetry. (Marcian. Heracleot. p. 63; Strab. ii. 92, theus was recalled. On his way, however, he
iii
. p. 140, et alibi ; Harpocrat. s. v.
éq' iepóv; stopped at Zacynthus, and forcibly restored some
Schol. ad Theocr. xiii. 22 ; Steph. Byz. s. vv. democratic exiles who had fled to him for refuge ;
'Aydon, 'Aptákn, et alibi ; Vossius, De Hist. Graec. hereupon the oligarchical party in the island com-
pp. 147, 148, ed. Westermann; Clinton, Fast. plained to Sparta, and the failure of her application
Hell. vol. iii. p. 508. )
to Athens for redress led to a renewal of the war
TIMO'STRATUS (Teubotpatos), a comic poet, (Xen. llell. vi. 2. SS 2, 3; Diod. xv. 45). In B. C.
of unknown time, the author of four dramas, 373, he was appointed to the command of sixty
"Ασωτος, Πάν, Παρακαταθήκη, and Φιλοδεσπότης, | ships destined to act against MNAS1PPUsin Corcyra ;
of which we have scarcely any remnants, beyond but he had no means of fully manning his squad-
the titles. (Antiatt. pp. 80. 12, 81. 1, 89. 23, 91. ron, and he was obliged therefore to cruize about
1, 98. 4; Phot Lex. s. v. Gáypa. ) He is mentioned the Aegean for the purpose of collecting men and
by Photius among the poets quoted by Stobacus money. It would appear to have been in the
(Bibl. Cod. 167, p. 374); but no references to him course of this cruize that he formed an intimacy
are found in our present copies of Stobaeus. It is with Amyntas, king of Macedonia, who made him
probable also that the name of a poet Amudotpatos, a present of a quantity of timber for a house which
;
## p. 1146 (#1162) ##########################################
1146
TIMOTHEUS.
TIMOTHEUS.
D
re
C
2. 11
aad
the
AS
han
fusa
be
he was building in the Peiraeeus. A considerable mus, but the latter passed over to the service of
time, however, was expended in these preliminary Cotys, in ships with which the Athenians them-
operations, the danger of losing Corcyra was be- selves had furnished him ; and it was now perhaps
coming more and more imminent, and Timotheus, that, despairing of any effectual assault on Ain-
being accused by Iphicrates and Callistratus, was phipolis, Timotheus turned his arms against the
deposed from his command, and recalled to Athens Olynthians, from whom, with the help of king
to stand his trial. This came on in the autumn of Perdiccas, he took Potidaea and Torone ; and fol-
the same year, and he obtained an acquittal princi- lowed up these successes, if we may believe Iso-
pally through the intervention of Jason of Pherac, crates, his friend and panegyrist, with the capture
and Alcetas, king of Epeirus, who had come to of all the Chalcidian towns. It was in the same
Athens to intercede for him. In the oration year, if we adopt the chronology of Diodorus, that
against him written for Apollodorus, son of Pasion, he rejected an application from the nobles of llera-
and ascribed to Demosthenes, there are many cleia on the Euxine to aid them against the people ;
statements connected with the circumstances of and in the same year, too, he relieved Cyzicus
Timotheus at this period, which we must of course from a siege in which it was hard pressed, perhaps
regard with suspicion ; but we learn from it cer- by the Persian garrison, which the citizens had
tainly that he was now reduced to great pecuniary ejected, perhaps, according to a conjecture of Mit-
embarrassments, having probably expended his ford, by the armament of Epaininondas, who at
money in the public service, and was even com- the time was endeavouring to make Thebes a naval
pelled to borrow from Pasion wherewithal to re- power, and to contest with Athens the sovereignty
crive his distinguished guests above mentioned of the sea. The chronology, however, of the oper-
(Xen. IIellvi, 2. SS 11-13; Diod. xv. 47; Dem. ations of Timotheus at this period is very uncer-
c. Tim. pp. 1186–1192, &c. ; Corn. Nep. Tim. 4). tain ; but on the whole it appears probable, follow-
In the following year (B. C. 372) he entered into ing the views of Rehdantz, in preference to those
the service of Artaxerxes II. , king of Persia, and of Thirlwall, that his campaign in the Chersonesus
went to command against Nectanabis I. in Egypt ; against Cotys was subsequent to his attempt on
but of his operations in this quarter we have no Amphipolis. The latter turned out an utter failure,
record (Dem. c. Tim. pp. 1191, 1192, 1195). It the enemy having collected against him with num-
appears to have been about B. C. 367 that he was bers so superior, that he found it necessary to burn
sent by the Athenians to aid ARIOBARZANES, with his ships on the Strymon, and to make his retreat
an injunction, however, not to abet him in any by land. He was more successful, however, in the
enterprise against the king, his master ; and ac- war with Cotys, who was probably assisted by the
cordingly, when he found that he was in open Byzantians (B. C. 363? ), and gathered from his
revolt from Artaxerxes, he refused to give him territory booty to the value of 1200 talents. (Dem.
any assistance. He did not, however, consider Olynth. ii. p. 22, iii. p. 36; Schol. Aug. ad loc. ;
himself precluded from besieging Samos, which Dem. c. Arist. pp. 669, 670; Aesch. de Fuls. Leg.
was occupied by a Persian garrison under Cypro- p. 32; Isocr. tepl 'Aytid. $ 119; Deinarch. c. Dem.
themis, and, if he had felt any scruples, the re- p. 91, c. Philod. p. 110; Diod. xv. 81; Pseudo-
script of the king, 80 favourable to Thebes at the Arist. Oec. l. c. ; Polyaen. iii. 10; Just. xvi. 4;
expense of Athens, must have removed them [PB- C. Nep. Tim. 1 ; Mitford's Greece, vol. v. p. 220 ;
LOPIDAS ; Leon, No. 6]. The attack on the Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. pp. 189, 193, 206, 217,
island was successful, and at the end of eleven 218; Rehdantz, pp. 132, &c. ) (CHARIDEMUS ;
months Samos was restored to the Athenian al- CLEARCHUS. )
liance. Timotheus then sailed northward, and took At this period Timotheus would probably be at
the towns of Sestus and Crithote on the Hel- the height of his glory and popularity, not only
lespont, acquisitions which, according to Isocrates, among the Athenians, but with many of the other
first directed the attention of the Athenians to the Greeks, a popularity, however, not unmixed with
recovery of the whole Chersonesus. If we may envy, if we may believe the anecdote related by
believe Cornelius Nepos, he was placed in pos- Aelian, that painters were wont to represent him
session of these two places by Ariobarzanes, as a as sleeping in his tent, while Fortune, standing
reward for his services to him ; but it is not easy over his head, drew cities for him into a net. (Dem.
to reconcile this statement with the account of c. Lepi. pp. 482, 483 ; Isocr. Ep. ad Myt. p. 426 ;
Demosthenes, as given above, of his refusal to help Paus. i. 3 ; Ael. V. H. xiii. 43 ; Plut. Reg. et Imp.
the rebel satrap. (Dem. pro Rhod. I. ib. pp. 192, Apoph. Tim. 1. ) It seems most likely also that
193 ; Isocr. nepl 'Avrid. SS 118, &c. ; Corn. Nep. at this time, about B. C. 360, he increased his po
Tim. 1; Pseudo-Arist. Oec. ii. 23 ; Polyaen. iii. litical influence by a reconciliation with Iphicrates,
10. )
lo whose son Menestheus he gave his daughter in
These successes, coupled probably with their marriage. [IPhicRATES; MENESTHEUS. ) To
jealousy of Iphicrates as the son-in-law of Cotys, the suit instituted against him by Apollodorus, the
seem to have mainly induced the Athenians to son of Pasion, for sundry sums of money alleged
appoint Timotheus instead of him as commander to have been borrowed by him from the latter, it is
in Macedonia (B. C. 364), where the recovery of not possible to assign any exact date ; but there is
Amphipolis was the great object of their wishes. no period at which it can be fixed more satis-
In the interval between the recall of Iphicrates factorily than between B. c. 360 and 356. The
and the arrival of Timotheus, the Athenian forces oration, written for the plaintiff on this occasion,
were commanded by Callisthenes, whose disad- and ascribed to Demosthenes, is still extant. (See
vantageous treaty with Perdiccas III. of Mace- Rehdantz, pp. 195, 196. ) In B. c. 358, when the
donia contributed perhaps to hamper the new Thebans had sent a military force over to Euboea,
general, when he came on the scene of action. Timocheus, by an energetic appeal and fervid elo-
Timotheus, on taking the command, endeavoured quence, incited the Athenians to raise an armament
to secure the services of the adventurer Charide- ) for the purpose of opposing them there, and saving
tis
тера
IT.
(نا
T
again
porze
be at
the
Dens
leam
leats
of the
fiers
tere
lo
Cie
32;
3.
the
kter
Tacts
## p. 1147 (#1163) ##########################################
TIMOTHEUS.
1147
TIMOTHEUS.
their own interests in the island. (Diod. xvi. 7 ; 1 gives him some very common-place ad rice, and re-
Dem. Olynth.
invention of this species of poetry is ascribed to The comic poets who mention him, besides Aristo-
Xenophanes of Colophon. [XENOPHANES. ] The phanes, are Phrynichus, Plato, and Antiphanes,
Silli of Timon were in three books, in the first of the last of whom made him the subject of one of
which he spoke in his own person, and the other his comedies. (See Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com.
two are in the form of a dialogue between the Graec. pp. 327, 328. ) He was an Athenian, of
author and Xenophanes of Colophon, in which the demos of Colyttus, and his father's name was
Timon proposed questions, to which Xenophanes Echecratidcs. In consequence of the ingratitude
replied at length. The subject was a sarcastic he experienced, and the disappointments he suf-
account of the tenets of all philosophers, living and ered, from his early friends and companions, he
dead ; an unbounded field for scepticism and satire. secluded himself entirely from the world, admit-
They were in hexameter verse, and, from the way ting no one to his society except Alcibiades, in
in which they are mentioned by the ancient writers, whose reckless and variable disposition he probably
as well as from the few fragments of them which found pleasure in tracing and studying an image of
bure come down to us, it is evident that they were | the world he had abandoned ; and at last he is
agains
obszes
Timon
bistory
Timot
Eppus
Laerti
Laert
stead
Graec
on Th
Simon
( 83
may
TIL
Timol
TID
delph
That
which
i fred
es
lii
, pa
Schol
'Art
Pp. 1
Hell.
TI
of or
*agu
the ti
1,98
by P
(Bu
proba
are io
## p. 1145 (#1161) ##########################################
TIMOSTRATUS.
'1145
TIMOTHEUS.
1
said to have died in consequence of refusing to whose Anuotointos is quoted by Suidas (s. r.
suffer a surgeon to come to him to set a broken xápač) is an error for Tiborpatos. (Meineke,
limb. His grave is said to have been planted with Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 499, 500, vol. is.
thorns, and the following epitaph upon him is pre- pp. 595, 596 ; Editio Minor, p. 1184. ) (P. S. )
served in the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anul. vol. TIMOʻTHIEUS (Teó Beos), historical. 1. Father
i. p. 153; Jacobs, Anth Graec. vol. i. p. 86):- of Conon, the famous general. (Paus. viii. 52. )
'Ενθάδο απορρήξας ψυχήν βαρυδαίμονα κείμαι,
2. Son of Conon, was a native of the demus
Τούνομα δ' ού πεύσεσθε, κακοί δέ κακώς απόλoισθε. | of Anaplilystus, and, according to a probable con-
jecture of Boeckh, belonged to the priestly family
The few details recorded of his eccentricities by of the Eumolpidae (Corp. Inscr. 393; sce Reh-
the authors above cited have no value except as dantz, Vit. Iph. Chabr. T'im. p. 45). For the state-
contributing to the study of his whole character, ment of Athenaeus (xiii. p. 577, a), that his mo.
as one type of the diseased human mind, a subject ther was a Thracian hetaera, there appear to bo
which lies beyond our present limits, but for which no good grounds. Inheriting a considerable fortune
the reader will find ample materials in comparing from his father, he seenis in his early years to
the ancient authorities with Shakspeare's Timon of have indulged in the display of it, as we may
Athens, and in this comparison Mr. Knight's In-gather from an allusion in the Plutus of Aristó
troductory Notice to that tragedy will be found to phanes (B. C. 388); and we may therefore well
give valuable assistance.
(P. S. ] believe the assertion, that it was through his inter-
TIMON, a statuary, of whom nothing is known course with Isocrates that his mind was directed
beyond the mention of him by Pliny as one of to higher views (Lys. de Arist. Bon. p. 155; Arist.
those who made athletas et armatos et venutores su- Plut. 180; Schol. ad loc. ; Dem. c. Aphob. i. p. 815,
crificantesque. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. 6. 19. & c. Aphob. de F. T. p. 862 ; Pseudo-Dem. Erot. p.
34. )
(P. S. ) 1415). In B. c. 378, Timotheus was made general
TIMONAX (Τιμώνας), wrote Σικελικά and with Chabrias and Callistratus, and it is possible
Nepl Exvewv. (Schol ad Apoll. Rhod. iii. 1235, that, while Chabrias was occupied in Boeotia, his
iv. 328, 1217. )
colleagues commanded the fleet, and were engaged
TIMO'NIDES (Teuwvidns), accompanied Dion in bringing over Euboea and other islands to the
into Sicily, and fought on his side. On one occa- Athenian confederacy (Xen. Hell. v. 4. § 34 ;
sion, when Dion had been wounded while fighting Diod. xv. 29, 30; Plut. de Glor. Ath. 8; Rehdantz,
against the mercenaries of Dionysius, and was p. 57). In B. C. 375, Timotheus was sent with
obliged to retire from the combat, he appointed sixty ships to cruize round the Peloponnesus, in
Timonides to the command of his troops. The accordance with the suggestion of the Thebans, that
history of Dion's wars in Sicily was related by the Spartans might thus be prevented from in-
Timonides in some letters to the philosopher Speu- vading Boeotia. On his voyage he ravaged Laconin,
sippus, which are quoted by Plutarch and Diogenes and then proceeded to Corcyra, which he brought
Laërtius. (Plut. Dion, cc. 22, 30, 31, 35; Diog. over to the Athenian alliance, behaving after his
Laërt. iv. 5, where Tiuwvions must be read in success with great moderation. This conduct, to-
stead of Equwvions ; C. Müller, Fragm. Historic. gether with his conciliatory disposition and man-
Grucc. vol. ii. p. 83, Paris, 1848. ) The Scholiast ners, contributed mainly to the prosperous issue of
on Theocritus (i. 63) quotes a work on Sicily by his further negotiations, and he succeeded in gain-
Simonides, where Timonides is probably likewise ing the alliance of the Cephallenians and Acarna-
the correct reading. In the article Simonides nians, as well as that of Alcetas I. , the king of
(p. 836, b) an error has been committed, which Epirus. A Spartan fleet under Nicolochus was
may be corrected from the preceding account. sent out against him, but he defeated it off Alyzia
TIMO'PHANES (Truopávns), the brother of on the Acarnanian coast, and, being strengthened
Timoleon. [TIMULEON. ]
shortly after by a reinforcement from Corcyra, he
TIMOʻSTHENES (Tipoodévns), the Rhodian, entirely commanded the sea, though, having brought
was the admiral of the fleet of Ptolemy Phila- with him only thirteen talents from home, he was
delphus, who reigned from B. c. 285 to 247. He greatly embarrassed for want of funds (Xen. Hell.
may therefore be placed about B. C. 282. He wrote v. 4. SS 62—66 ; Dem. C. Arist. p. 686 ; Isocr.
a work on Harbours (Trepi Niuévwv), in ten books, Tepl 'AVTid. $ 116; Diod. xv. 36; Corn. Nep. Tim.
which was copied by Eratosthenes, and which 2; Ael. V. H. iii. 16 ; Pseudo-Arist. Oecon. ii. 23 ;
is frequently cited by the ancient writers. Strabo Polyaen. iii. 10). In the following year peace was
says (ix. p. 421) that Timosthenes also wrote concluded between Athens and Sparta, and Timo-
poetry. (Marcian. Heracleot. p. 63; Strab. ii. 92, theus was recalled. On his way, however, he
iii
. p. 140, et alibi ; Harpocrat. s. v.
éq' iepóv; stopped at Zacynthus, and forcibly restored some
Schol. ad Theocr. xiii. 22 ; Steph. Byz. s. vv. democratic exiles who had fled to him for refuge ;
'Aydon, 'Aptákn, et alibi ; Vossius, De Hist. Graec. hereupon the oligarchical party in the island com-
pp. 147, 148, ed. Westermann; Clinton, Fast. plained to Sparta, and the failure of her application
Hell. vol. iii. p. 508. )
to Athens for redress led to a renewal of the war
TIMO'STRATUS (Teubotpatos), a comic poet, (Xen. llell. vi. 2. SS 2, 3; Diod. xv. 45). In B. C.
of unknown time, the author of four dramas, 373, he was appointed to the command of sixty
"Ασωτος, Πάν, Παρακαταθήκη, and Φιλοδεσπότης, | ships destined to act against MNAS1PPUsin Corcyra ;
of which we have scarcely any remnants, beyond but he had no means of fully manning his squad-
the titles. (Antiatt. pp. 80. 12, 81. 1, 89. 23, 91. ron, and he was obliged therefore to cruize about
1, 98. 4; Phot Lex. s. v. Gáypa. ) He is mentioned the Aegean for the purpose of collecting men and
by Photius among the poets quoted by Stobacus money. It would appear to have been in the
(Bibl. Cod. 167, p. 374); but no references to him course of this cruize that he formed an intimacy
are found in our present copies of Stobaeus. It is with Amyntas, king of Macedonia, who made him
probable also that the name of a poet Amudotpatos, a present of a quantity of timber for a house which
;
## p. 1146 (#1162) ##########################################
1146
TIMOTHEUS.
TIMOTHEUS.
D
re
C
2. 11
aad
the
AS
han
fusa
be
he was building in the Peiraeeus. A considerable mus, but the latter passed over to the service of
time, however, was expended in these preliminary Cotys, in ships with which the Athenians them-
operations, the danger of losing Corcyra was be- selves had furnished him ; and it was now perhaps
coming more and more imminent, and Timotheus, that, despairing of any effectual assault on Ain-
being accused by Iphicrates and Callistratus, was phipolis, Timotheus turned his arms against the
deposed from his command, and recalled to Athens Olynthians, from whom, with the help of king
to stand his trial. This came on in the autumn of Perdiccas, he took Potidaea and Torone ; and fol-
the same year, and he obtained an acquittal princi- lowed up these successes, if we may believe Iso-
pally through the intervention of Jason of Pherac, crates, his friend and panegyrist, with the capture
and Alcetas, king of Epeirus, who had come to of all the Chalcidian towns. It was in the same
Athens to intercede for him. In the oration year, if we adopt the chronology of Diodorus, that
against him written for Apollodorus, son of Pasion, he rejected an application from the nobles of llera-
and ascribed to Demosthenes, there are many cleia on the Euxine to aid them against the people ;
statements connected with the circumstances of and in the same year, too, he relieved Cyzicus
Timotheus at this period, which we must of course from a siege in which it was hard pressed, perhaps
regard with suspicion ; but we learn from it cer- by the Persian garrison, which the citizens had
tainly that he was now reduced to great pecuniary ejected, perhaps, according to a conjecture of Mit-
embarrassments, having probably expended his ford, by the armament of Epaininondas, who at
money in the public service, and was even com- the time was endeavouring to make Thebes a naval
pelled to borrow from Pasion wherewithal to re- power, and to contest with Athens the sovereignty
crive his distinguished guests above mentioned of the sea. The chronology, however, of the oper-
(Xen. IIellvi, 2. SS 11-13; Diod. xv. 47; Dem. ations of Timotheus at this period is very uncer-
c. Tim. pp. 1186–1192, &c. ; Corn. Nep. Tim. 4). tain ; but on the whole it appears probable, follow-
In the following year (B. C. 372) he entered into ing the views of Rehdantz, in preference to those
the service of Artaxerxes II. , king of Persia, and of Thirlwall, that his campaign in the Chersonesus
went to command against Nectanabis I. in Egypt ; against Cotys was subsequent to his attempt on
but of his operations in this quarter we have no Amphipolis. The latter turned out an utter failure,
record (Dem. c. Tim. pp. 1191, 1192, 1195). It the enemy having collected against him with num-
appears to have been about B. C. 367 that he was bers so superior, that he found it necessary to burn
sent by the Athenians to aid ARIOBARZANES, with his ships on the Strymon, and to make his retreat
an injunction, however, not to abet him in any by land. He was more successful, however, in the
enterprise against the king, his master ; and ac- war with Cotys, who was probably assisted by the
cordingly, when he found that he was in open Byzantians (B. C. 363? ), and gathered from his
revolt from Artaxerxes, he refused to give him territory booty to the value of 1200 talents. (Dem.
any assistance. He did not, however, consider Olynth. ii. p. 22, iii. p. 36; Schol. Aug. ad loc. ;
himself precluded from besieging Samos, which Dem. c. Arist. pp. 669, 670; Aesch. de Fuls. Leg.
was occupied by a Persian garrison under Cypro- p. 32; Isocr. tepl 'Aytid. $ 119; Deinarch. c. Dem.
themis, and, if he had felt any scruples, the re- p. 91, c. Philod. p. 110; Diod. xv. 81; Pseudo-
script of the king, 80 favourable to Thebes at the Arist. Oec. l. c. ; Polyaen. iii. 10; Just. xvi. 4;
expense of Athens, must have removed them [PB- C. Nep. Tim. 1 ; Mitford's Greece, vol. v. p. 220 ;
LOPIDAS ; Leon, No. 6]. The attack on the Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. pp. 189, 193, 206, 217,
island was successful, and at the end of eleven 218; Rehdantz, pp. 132, &c. ) (CHARIDEMUS ;
months Samos was restored to the Athenian al- CLEARCHUS. )
liance. Timotheus then sailed northward, and took At this period Timotheus would probably be at
the towns of Sestus and Crithote on the Hel- the height of his glory and popularity, not only
lespont, acquisitions which, according to Isocrates, among the Athenians, but with many of the other
first directed the attention of the Athenians to the Greeks, a popularity, however, not unmixed with
recovery of the whole Chersonesus. If we may envy, if we may believe the anecdote related by
believe Cornelius Nepos, he was placed in pos- Aelian, that painters were wont to represent him
session of these two places by Ariobarzanes, as a as sleeping in his tent, while Fortune, standing
reward for his services to him ; but it is not easy over his head, drew cities for him into a net. (Dem.
to reconcile this statement with the account of c. Lepi. pp. 482, 483 ; Isocr. Ep. ad Myt. p. 426 ;
Demosthenes, as given above, of his refusal to help Paus. i. 3 ; Ael. V. H. xiii. 43 ; Plut. Reg. et Imp.
the rebel satrap. (Dem. pro Rhod. I. ib. pp. 192, Apoph. Tim. 1. ) It seems most likely also that
193 ; Isocr. nepl 'Avrid. SS 118, &c. ; Corn. Nep. at this time, about B. C. 360, he increased his po
Tim. 1; Pseudo-Arist. Oec. ii. 23 ; Polyaen. iii. litical influence by a reconciliation with Iphicrates,
10. )
lo whose son Menestheus he gave his daughter in
These successes, coupled probably with their marriage. [IPhicRATES; MENESTHEUS. ) To
jealousy of Iphicrates as the son-in-law of Cotys, the suit instituted against him by Apollodorus, the
seem to have mainly induced the Athenians to son of Pasion, for sundry sums of money alleged
appoint Timotheus instead of him as commander to have been borrowed by him from the latter, it is
in Macedonia (B. C. 364), where the recovery of not possible to assign any exact date ; but there is
Amphipolis was the great object of their wishes. no period at which it can be fixed more satis-
In the interval between the recall of Iphicrates factorily than between B. c. 360 and 356. The
and the arrival of Timotheus, the Athenian forces oration, written for the plaintiff on this occasion,
were commanded by Callisthenes, whose disad- and ascribed to Demosthenes, is still extant. (See
vantageous treaty with Perdiccas III. of Mace- Rehdantz, pp. 195, 196. ) In B. c. 358, when the
donia contributed perhaps to hamper the new Thebans had sent a military force over to Euboea,
general, when he came on the scene of action. Timocheus, by an energetic appeal and fervid elo-
Timotheus, on taking the command, endeavoured quence, incited the Athenians to raise an armament
to secure the services of the adventurer Charide- ) for the purpose of opposing them there, and saving
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TIMOTHEUS.
1147
TIMOTHEUS.
their own interests in the island. (Diod. xvi. 7 ; 1 gives him some very common-place ad rice, and re-
Dem. Olynth.
