No More Learning

4. Through what channels are negotiations with foreign
countries carried on?
5. Point out the function of the Department of State? How
is this department organized?
6. What diplomatic representatives and consular agents
does the United States send to foreign governments?
7. How are diplomatic agents and consuls selected? In
what manner may their posts be terminated?
8. Outline the duties of a diplomatic agent. Of a consular
agent.
9. Describe the changes that have taken place in the develop-
ment of the personnel for foreign service. Is the present plan
immune of criticism? Explain.
10. Who exercises the treaty-making power in the United
States?
ix. What rules did Jefferson lay down for the making of
treaties? To what extent are these rules followed today?
12. Are these limitations on the powers of the United States
Government? Explain.
13. Outline the steps in the process of negotiating treaties in
the United States.
57
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? 58 PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
14. Is it diplomatic for the President to assure himself of
senatorial approval before he commits himself on important
treaties?
15. After a treaty has been made, how may it be broken?
16. What is "secret diplomacy"? To what extent is this
practice followed in the United States?
17. What has been the policy of the United States in regard
to foreign alliances?
18. Is it possible or practical for the United States to main-
tain a policy of isolation?
19. Explain the provisions of the Monroe Doctrine. Under
what circumstances was this policy adopted?
20. What attitude have Latin-American statesmen taken
toward the Monroe Doctrine?
21. How has the United States looked upon the establishment
of spheres of influence by foreign powers in backward countries?
22. What phase of American foreign policy is incorporated
in the Kellogg Pact of 1928?
23. Describe the organization of the League of Nations.
24. What are some of the outstanding obligations of members
of the League of Nations?
25. Characterize the relation of the United States to the
League of Nations.
26. Of what significance is the Pan-American Union?
27. Describe the organization of the World Court.
28. What are some other international agencies that perform
functions of World-wide interest?
Questions and Problems for Further Study and
Discussion
1. May the Federal Government intervene in the adminis-
tration of the criminal law of a State where the treaty rights of
foreigners residing in the United States are involved?
2. Should the United States abandon the Monroe Doctrine?
Explain.
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? FOREIGN AFFAIRS
59
3. Should the United States join the League of Nations?
Give reasons for your answer.
4. How can the rights and independence of small states be
made secure against aggression and conquest from larger states?
5. How may international law be enforced?
6. Would it be feasible to refer the question of whether the
state should enter upon war to the people?
7. How does a treaty differ from an executive agreement?
8. What is meant by "extraterritoriality"?
9. Who is considered to be the most important Cabinet
officer?
10. Under what conditions has the United States agreed to
join the League of Nations? Do you think she is justified in
taking this stand?
11. What protection does the government afford American
citizens abroad?
12. Is the government justified in protecting capital invested
in foreign fields by American speculators?
13. Does the government sometimes encourage citizens to
invest in foreign fields? Do you think it should or should not?
Explain.
14. How do you account for our long-continued differences
with Nicaragua?
15. What has been done to promote good will and a closer
relationship between the states of the Western Hemisphere?
16. What may be said of foreign service as a life career?
17. What efforts are being made to outlaw war and to guar-
antee permanent and lasting peace?
References
Beard's Readings in American Government and Politics, New and Re-
vised Edition, Chap. XVI.
Munro's The Government of the United States, Third Edition, pp. 212-
215, 241-242.
Ogg and Ray's Introduction to American Government, Fourth Edition,
pp. 281-297, 330-340-
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? 6o PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
Hart's Actual Government as Applied under American Conditions,
Fourth Edition, Chaps. XXIII-XXIV.
Martin and George's American Government and Citizenship (1927),
Chaps. XIII-XIV.
Mathews and Berdahl's Documents and Readings in American Govern-
ment (1928), Chap. XIV.
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? CHAPTER XIX
(pp. 43? -447)
NATIONAL DEFENSE
1. Do people differ in their opinions and beliefs concerning
the desirability of war?
2. What constitutes adequate national defense for the
United States? Explain.
3. Does propaganda play an important part in the success
or failure of a state at war? Discuss.
4. Is there any relation between national defense and foreign
affairs? Explain.
5. What agencies and factors determine the amount and
character of national defense provided in the United States?
6. How extensive are the powers of Congress to provide for
military operations?
7. Describe the general organization of the armed forces in
the United States.
8. What provision has the National Government made for
educating and training army and navy officers?
9. With what degree of success is the Reserve Officers Train-
ing Corps meeting? Why?
10. What is the relationship of the Departments of War and
Navy to national defense? Explain.
11. How did the National Government proceed to mobilize
its troops upon the entrance of the United States into the World
War? Its economic resources?
12. Why did the Federal Government secure control of most
of the common carriers?
13. What steps were taken by the National Government to
protect itself against enemies and disloyal citizens in the state?
61
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? 62 PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
14. Point out some of the important boards and organizations
that were created to maintain the United States on a war
footing.
15. What part did the States play in helping the National
Government to carry on its gigantic war operations?
16. Did the war serve as a means of amassing large fortunes
for some of our citizens?
17. How does the cost of paying and preparing for war com-
pare with the cost of maintaining the civil functions in the
United States?
18. In what ways has the United States rewarded and cared
for its war veterans? Is it an easy matter for a government to
administer soldiers relief? Explain.
Questions and Problems for Further Study and
Discussion
1. What is the present strength of our standing army, our
navy, and our aerial defense?
2. How does our defense strength compare with that of
other world powers?
3.
How much money was spent in the United States last
year for military purposes? Do you consider this amount ex-
cessive?
4. Assuming that preparation for war is a necessity, which
should receive most attention, the army, the navy, the aerial
service or coast defense?
5. When, if ever, is war justifiable?
6. Is that civilization a success which requires five or six
times as much outlay by the National Government for war and
protection as for the support of all of its constructive and peace-
ful functions?
7. Was Cromwell right when he said, "A man-of-war is the
best ambassador"?
8. Comment on the following quotations.
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? NATIONAL DEFENSE
63
a. "To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means
of preserving peace. "--Washington.
b. "Battles are never the end of war; for the dead must be buried
and the cost of the conflict must be paid. "--Garfield.
c. "War kills men, and men deplore the loss; but war also crushes
bad principles and tyrants, and so saves societies. "--Colton.
d. "War is one of the greatest plagues that can afflict humanity;
it destroys religion, it destroys states, it destroys families.
Any scourge, in fact, is preferable to it. Famine and pestilence
become as nothing in comparison with it. "--Martin Luther.
e. "Among great nations all war is waged by borrowed money;
the capitalist lends the 'sinews of war'--ominous word! --and
for the sake of good investment is ready to foment quarrels
in every part of the world. The politicians declare war, the
capitalists finance it, and the people pay for it. "--Walsh.
f. "Were half the power that fills the world with terror,
Were half the wealth bestowed on camps and courts,
Given to redeem the human mind from error,
There were no need of arsenals or forts. "
--Longfellow.
g. "It is a sad fact that sixty-seven per cent of the expenses of
our government are being expended either because of past
wars or in preparation for possible future wars. "--Capan.
h. "War raises to the surface the worst passions and vices of
men, and whoever expects soldiers, whether they be English,
French, German, or Boers, to act in the heat of battle as a
gentleman would act in a London drawing room, has very
little knowledge of the ferocity latent in human nature. When
life and death are the stakes for which men play, chivalry
and mercy are easily forgotten, and the original savage reap-
pears, not much changed from the primeval time. "--Crosby.
i. "War is one of the principal causes of the degradation of the
human race. "--Novicow.
j. "War regenerates corrupt peoples, it awakens dormant na-
tions, it rouses self-forgetful, self-abandoned races from their
mortal languor. "--Jahns.
9. On an outline map of the world draw dotted lines from
the nearest seaport in the United States to each of our respective
territorial possessions. Estimate these distances as accurately
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? 64 PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
as possible. Compare these distances with those between other
world powers and our territorial possessions. Does this suggest
anything in the way of national defense?
References
Beard's Readings in American Government and Politics, New and Re-
vised Edition, Chap. XVII.
Martin and George's American Government and Citizenship (1927),
Chaps. XIII-XIV.
McClain's Constitutional Law in the United States (1910), Chap. XVII.
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? PART II
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER XX
(pp. 448-480)
POSITION OF THE STATES IN THE FEDERAL UNION
1. Are the States of the Union "sovereign within their re-
spective spheres"? Explain.
2. Is there a degree of uncertainty in regard to some powers
which might possibly be exercised by either the National or
State Governments in the United States?
3. What is a concurrent power? Do concurrent powers tend
to obscure the boundary lines between State and Federal powers?
Explain.
4. Point out the limitations that are placed upon the State
Governments by the Federal Constitution. Explain each.
5. Where in the Federal Constitution are these limitations
to be found?
6. Explain this statement, "no state can lay a tax on the
property, lawful agencies and instrumentalities of the Federal
Government or on federal franchises as such. "
7. Define the following and point out the significance of each.
a. Contract d. Ex post facto law
b. Due process of law e. Bill of attainder
c. Police power
8. Of what significance is the fourteenth amendment to
the Federal Constitution?
9. What protection does the National Government offer to
private property?
6s
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? 66 PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
10. In what ways do corporations tend to obscure the dividing
line between State and Federal powers?
11. Point out instances of shifts of power from the State
Governments to the National Government and vice versa. In
what direction does there seem to be the greatest shift of au-
thority? Explain.
12. How has Congress attempted to regulate prison labor
within the States?
13. What justification, if any, is there for the expansion of
Federal functions in the fields of primary concern to the States?
14. How did the National Government succeed in obtaining
the powers which were formerly exercised and enjoyed by the
State Governments?
15. What is a subsidy? How does it differ from a gift?
16. For what purposes are subsidies granted?
17. Does the acceptance of a subsidy on the part of the States
tend to increase or decrease their powers? Explain.
18. For what purposes has the Federal Government granted
aid to the States?
19. For what purposes were each of the following grants in
aid enacted?
a. Morrill Act, 1862 /. Smith-Hughes Voca-
b. Weeks Act, 1911 tional Education
c. Smith-Lever Act, 1914 Act, 1917
d. Federal Highway Act, g. Industrial Rehabili-
20. What effect has the creation of Federal agencies, charged
with the duties formerly entrusted to the States, had upon the
progress made by the States?
21. Is centralization of power in administration undemo-
cratic? Explain.
22. What interesting and important questions have arisen
under the constitutional guarantee that the citizens of one
1916
e. National Defense Act,
1916
tation Act, 1920
h. Sheppard-Towner
Act, 1921
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? POSITION OF STATES IN FEDERAL UNION 67
State shall have the same privileges and immunities of the
citizens in the several States?
23. Is it mandatory upon the Governors of the several States
to return fugitives from justice from one of the forty-eight
States? Explain.
24. Outline the steps in the process of admitting new States
to the Union.
25. May Congress impose special conditions upon proposed
States, preparatory to their admission to the Union? Illustrate.
Questions and Problems for Further Study and
Discussion
1. What obligations, if any, does the National Government
have toward the States?
2. Explain the following statement, "The constitution and
laws of the United States are declared to be supreme over those
of the states. " Does this mean that any law enacted by Congress
will override a conflicting law passed by a State, even though
the law enacted by the State was clearly within its powers?
3. By means of intersecting circles indicate the relation
which exists between the State and National Governments in
our Federal System.
4. List some powers that may be exercised by both Congress
and the States. Some that may be exercised by the States only
with the consent of Congress.
5. May the Federal courts declare State laws unconstitu-
tional? Explain.
6. If an individual commits a crime in the State of California
and is tried without a jury contrary to his own wishes, does he
get due process of law? Explain.
7. Will a divorce granted in Nevada to a citizen of Iowa be
recognized as valid in Iowa? Explain.
8. If a man commits murder in Michigan and flees to New
Mexico, may he be tried and punished in New Mexico for this
offense? Explain.
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