The grandson of the preceding, and the son
Isthmian
games, and praying to the gods for re-
of Areus 1.
of Areus 1.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
(Plut.
De Is.
et Osir.
80; soner, and was only delivered in 1260 by the me-
Oribas. Synops. vi. 24, p. 97; Aëtius, tetrab. diation of Michael Palaeologus. Previously to
ii. serm. i. 94, p. 223; Paul Aegin. ii. 35, this he had been appointed great logotheton, either
p. 406. ) It should however be borne in mind by John or by Theodore, whom he had instructed
that there is no mention of this in Thucy- in logic. Meanwhile, Michael Palaeologus was
dides (ii. 49, &c. ), and, if it is true that Em-proclaimed emperor of Nicaea in 1260, and in 1261
pedocles or Simonides (who died B. C. 467) wrote he expulsed the Latins from Constantinople, and
the epitaph on Acron, it may be doubted became emperor of the whole East ; and from this
whether he was in Athens at the time of the moment Georgius Acropolita becomes known in
plague. Upon his return to Agrigentum he was the history of the eastern empire as one of the
anxious to erect a family tomb, and applied to greatest diplomatists. After having discharged the
the senate for a spot of ground for that purpose on function of ambassador at the court of Constantine,
account of his eminence as a physician. Empe king of the Bulgarians, he retired for some years
docles however resisted this application as being from public affairs, and made the instruction of
contrary to the principle of equality, and proposed youth his sole occupation. But he was soon em-
to inscribe on his tomb the following sarcastic ployed in a very important negociation. Michael,
epitaph (TWBAOTIKOV), which it is quite impossible afraid of a new Latin invasion, proposed to pope
to translate so as to preserve the paronomasia of Clemens IV. to reunite the Greek and the Latin
the original :
Churches ; and negociations ensued which were car-
"Ακρον ιητρον 'Ακρων'Ακραγαντίνον πατρός άκρου | ried on during the reign of five popes, Clemens IV.
Κρύπτει κρημνός άκρος πατρίδος ακροτάτης. Gregory X. John XXI. Nicolaus III. and Martin
The second line was sometimes read thus :
IV. and the happy result of which was almost en-
'Ακροτάτης κορυφής τύμβος ακρος κατέχει, tirely owing to the skill of Acropolita. As early as
Some persons attributed the whole epigram to 1273 Acropolita was sent to pope Gregory X. and
Simonides. (Suid. s. v. "Axpwr ; Eudoc. Violar. , in 1274, at the Council of Lyons, he confirmed by
ap. Villoison, Anecd. Gr. i. 49; Diog. Läert. an oath in the emperor's name that that confession
viii 65. ). The sect of the Empirici, in order to of faith which had been previously sent to Con-
boast of a greater antiquity than the Dogmatici stantinople by the pope had been adopted by the
:(founded by Thessalus, the son, and Polybus, the Greeks. The reunion of the two churches was
Bon-in-law of Hippocrates, about B. C. 400), claimed afterwards broken off, but not through the fault of
Acron as their founder (Pseudo-Gal. Introd. 4. Acropolita In 1282 Acropolita was once more
vol. xiv. p. 683), though they did not really exist sent to Bulgaria, and shortly after his return he
before the third century B. C. [PHILINUS; SERA- died, in the month of December of the same year,
PION. ) Pliny falls into this anachronism. (H. N. I in his 62nd year.
xxix. 4. ) None of Acron's works are now extant, Acropolita is the author of several works : the
though he wrote several in the Doric dialect on most important of which is a history of the Byzan-
Medical and Physical subjects, of which the titles tine empire, under the title Xpovikovas év ouvoye.
are preserved by Suidas and Eudocia. [W. A. G. ] Twv ev vorépous, that is, from the taking of Con-
ACRON, HELE'NIUS, a Roman grammarian, stantinople by the Latins in 1204, down to the
probably of the fifth century A. D. , but whose pre year 1261, when Michael Palaeologus delivered the
cise date is not known. He wrote notes on Ho city from the foreign yoke. The MS. of this work
race, and also, according to some critics, the scholia was found in the library of Georgius Cantacuzenus
which we have on Persius. The fragments which at Constantinople, and afterwards brought to Eu-
remain of the work on Horace, though much muti- rope. (Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 768. ) The
lated, are valuable, as containing the remarks of first edition of this work, with a Latin translation
the older commentators, Q. Terentius Scaurus and and notes, was published by Theodorus Douza,
others. They were published first by A. Zarotti, Lugd. Batav. 1614, 8vo. ; but a more critical one by
Milan, 1474, and again in 1486, and have often Leo Allatius, who used a Vatican MS. and divided
been published since in different editions ; perhaps the text into chapters. It has the title rewprſou
the best is that by Geo. Fabricius, in his ed. of Toù 'Akpotonítov Toù veyadov dovodétou Xpovinsi
Horace, Basel, 1555, Leipzig, 1571. A writer of ourypá¢n, Georgii Acropolitae, magni Logothetae,
the same name, probably the same man, wrote a Historia, &c. Paris, 1651. fol. This edition is re-
commentary on Terence, which is lost, but which printed in the “Corpus Byzantinorum Scriptorum,"
is referred to by the grammarian Charisius. (A. A. ) | Venice, 1729, vol. xii. This chronicle contains
ACROPOLITA, GEORGIUS (reapyros one of the most remarkable periods of Byzantine
'Axproximos), the son of the great logotheta Con- bistory, but it is so short that it seems to be cnly
stantinns Acropolita the elder, belonged to a noble an abridgment of another work of the same author,
Byzantine family which stood in relationship to which is lost. Acropolita perhaps composed it with
the imperial family of the Ducas. (Acropolita, 97. ) the view of giving it as a compendium to those young
He was born at Constantinople in 1220 (16. 39), men whose scientific education he superintended,
but accompanied his father in his sixteenth year to after his return from his first embassy to Bulgaria
## p. 16 (#36) ##############################################
16
ACTA EON.
ACTISANES.
The history of Michael Palaeologus by Pachymeres The cause of this misfortune is differently stated :
may be considered as a continuation of the work of according to some accounts it was because he had
Acropolita. Besides this work, Acropolita wrote seen Artemis while she was bathing in the vale of
several orations, which he delivered in his capacity Gargaphia, on the discovery of wbich the god-
as great logotheta, and as director of the negociations dess changed him into a stag, in which form he
with the pope ; but these orations have not been was tom to pieces by his own dogs. (Ov. Met.
published. Fabricius (vol. vii
. p. 471) speaks of a ii. 155, &c. ; Hygin. Ful. 181; Callim. k in
MS. which has the title nepl TWY STÓ KTlOews Pallad. 110. ) Others relate that be provoked the
κόσμου ετών και περί των βασιλευσάντων μέχρι anger of the goddess by his boasting that he ex-
αλώσεως Κωνσταντινουπόλεως. Georgius, or Gre celled her in ting, or by his using for a feast
gorius Cyprius, who has written a short encomium of the game which was destined as a sacrifice to her.
Acropolita, calls him the Plato and the Aristotle of|(Eurip. Bacch. 3:20 ; Diod. iv. 81. ) A third ac-
his time. This “encomium” is printed with a La count stated that he was killed by his dogs at the
tin translation at the head of the edition of Acro command of Zeus, because he sued for the hand of
polita by Th. Douza : it contains useful information Semele. (Acusilaus, ap. A poliod. iii. 4. $ 4. ) Pan-
concerning Acropolita, although it is full of adula- sanias (ix. 2. & 3) sw near Orchomenos the rock on
tion. Further information is contined in Acropo which Actaeon used to rest when he was fatigued
lita's history, especially in the latter part of it, and by hunting, and from which he had seen Artemis
in Pachymeres, iv. 28, vi. 26, 34, seq. (W. P. ) in the bath; but he is of opinion that the whole
ACROREITES ('Axpwpeitos), a sumame of story arose from the circunstance that Actaeon
Dionysus, under which he was worshipped at was destroyed by his dogs in a natural fit of mad.
Sicyon, and which is synonymous with Eriphius, ness. Palaephatus (s. v. Adacon) gives an absurd
under which name he was worshipped at Meta- and trivial explanation of it. According to the
pontum in southern Italy. (Steph. Byz. 8. v. Orchomenian tradition the rock of Actaeon was
'Ακρωρεία. )
(LS. )
haunted by his spectre, and the oracle of Delphi
ACROʻTATUS ('Axpératos). 1. The son of commanded the Orchomenians to bury the remains
Cleomenes 11. king of Sparta, incurred the displea of the hero, which they might happen to find, and
bure of a large party at Sparta by opposing the de- fix an iron image of him upon the rock. This
cree, which was to release from infamy all who had image still existed in the time of Pausanias (ix.
fied from the battle, in which Antipater defeated 38. & 4), and the Orchomenians offered annual st-
Agis, B. C. 33). He was thus glad to accept tbe crifices to Actaeon in that place. The manner in
offer of the Agrigentines, when they sent to Sparta which Actaeon and his mother were painted by
for assistance in B. c. 314 against Agathocles of Polygnotus in the Lesche of Delphi, is described
Syracuse. He first sailed to Italy, and obtained by Pausanias. (x. 30. $ 2; comp. Müller, Orchom.
abbistance from Tarentum; but on his arrival at p. 348, &c. )
Agrigentum he acted with such cruelty and tyranny son of Melissus, and grandson of Abron,
that the inhabitants rose against him, and com- who had fled from Argos to Corinth for fear of the
pelled him to leave the city. He returned to tyrant Pheidon. Archias, a Corinthian, enamour-
Sparta, and died before the death of his father, ed with the beauty of Actaeon, endeavoured to
which was in B. C. 309. He left a son, Areus, who carry him off ; but in the struggle which ensued
succeeded Cleomenes. (Diod. xv. 70, 71 ; Paus. i. between Melissus and Archias, Actaeon was killed.
13. $ 3, iii. 6. & 1, 2; Plut. Agis, 3. )
Melissus brought his complaints forward at the
2.
The grandson of the preceding, and the son Isthmian games, and praying to the gods for re-
of Areus 1. king of Sparta. He had unlawful in- renge, he threw himself from a rock. Hereupon
tercourse with Chelidonis, the young wife of Cleo Corinth was visited by a plague and drought,
nymus, who was the uncle of his father Arens ; and the oracle ordered the Corinthians to propi-
and it was this, together with the disappointment tiate Poseidon, and avenge the death of Aciaeon.
of not obtaining the throne, which led Cleonynus Upon this hint Archias emigrated to Sicily, where
to invite Pyrrhus to Sparta, B. C. 272. Areus was he founded the town of Syracuse. (Plut Amat.
then absent in Crete, and the safety of Sparta was Narr. p. 772; comp. Paus. 1. 7. $ 2, Thucyd. vi.
mainly owing to the valour of Acrotatus. He suc 3; Strab. vii. p. 380. )
(L. S. ]
ceeded his father in B. C. 265, but was killed in ACTAEUS ('Axtaíos). A son of Erisichthon,
the same year in battle against Aristodemus, the and according to Pausanias (i. 2. § 5), the
tyrant of Megalopolis. Pausanias, in speaking of earliest king of Attica. He had three daughters,
his death, calls him the son of Cleonymus, but he Agraulos, Herse, and Pandrosus, and was succeed-
has mistaken him for his grandfather, spoken of ed by Cecrops, who married Agraulos. Accord-
above. (Plut. Pyrrh. 26-28; Ayis, 3; Paus. iii. 6. 83, ing to Apollodorus (ü. 14. 1. ) on the other hand,
viij. 27. & 8, 30. $ 3. ) Areus and Acrotatus are ac- Cecrops was the first king of Attica (L. S. )
cused by Phylarchus (ap. Athen. iv. p. 142, b. ) of ACTE, the concubine of Nero, was a freed-
having corrupted the simplicity of Spartan man- woman, and originally a slave purchased from
Asia Minor. Nero lored her far more than his
ACTAEA ('Axtala), a daughter of Nereus and wife Octavia, and at one time thought of marrying
Doris. (Hom. Il. xviii. 4); Apollod. i. 2. $ 7; her; whence he pretended that she was descended
Hygin. Fab. p. 7, ed. Staveren. ) (L. S. ) from king Attalus. She survived Nero. ('Tac.
ACTAEON ('AkTalwr). ]. Son of Aristaeus Ann. xiii. 12, 46, xiv. 2 ; Suet. Ver. 28, 50; Dion
and Autonoë, a daughter of Cadmus.
He was Cass. lxi. 7. )
trained in the art of hunting by the centaur Chei- ACTIACUS, & surname of Apollo, derived
ron, and was afterwards torn to pieces by his own from Actium, one of the principal places of his
50 hounds on mount Cithaeron. The names of worship. (Ov. Met. xiii. 715; Strab. x. p. 451;
these hounds are given hy Ovid (Met. iii. 206, &c. ) compare Burmann, ad Propert. p. 434. ) (L. S. )
and Hyginus. (Fab. 181; comp. Stat. Theb. ii. 203. ) | ACTI'SANES ('AKTlávns), a king of Ethiopian
pers.
## p. 17 (#37) ##############################################
ACTUARIUS.
17
ACTUARIUS.
who conquered Egypt and governed it with justice. I impure, and has a great mixture of the old Attic
lle founded the city of Rhinocolura on the con- in it, which is very rarely to be met with in the
fines of Egypt and Syria, and was succeeded by later Greek writers. A tolerably full abstract of
Mendes, an Egyptian. Diodorus says that Acti- it is given by Barchusen, Hist. Medic. Dinl. 14. p.
sanes conquered Egypt in the reign of Amasis, for 338, &c. Ii was first published, Venet. 1547, 8vo.
which we ought perhaps to read Ammosis. At all in a Latin translation by Jul. Alexandrinus de
events, Amasis, the contemporary of Cyrus, cannot Neustain. The first edition of the original was
be meant. (Diod. i. 60 ; Strab. xvi. p. 759. ) published, Par. 1557, 8vo. edited, without notes
ACTIUS. (ATTIUS. )
or preface, by Jac. Goupyl. second Greek edi-
ACTOR (Aktup). 1. A son of Deion and tion appeared in 1774, 8vo. Lips. , under the care
Diomede, the daughter of Xuthus. He was thus of J. F. Fischer. Ideler has also inserted it in the
a brother of Asteropeia, Aenetus, Phylacus, and first volume of his Physici et Medici Graeci Mi-
Cephalus, and husband of Aegina, father of Menores, Berol. 8vo. 1841; and the first part of J. S.
noetius, and grandfather of Patroclus. (Apollod. Bernardi Reliquiae Medico-Criticae, ed. Gruner,
i. 9. § 4, 16, iii. 10. § 8; Pind. Ol. ix. 75; Hom. Jenae, 1795, 8vo. contains some Greek Scholia
I. xi. 785, xvi. 14. )
on the work.
2. A son of Phorbas and Hyrmine, and husband Another of his extant works is entitled, Oepa-
of Molione. He was thus a brother of Augeas, TEUTUD McDodos, “ De Methodo Medendi,” in six
and father of Eurytus and Creatus. (Apollod. ii. books, which have hitherto appeared complete only
7. & 2; Paus. v. 1. & 8, viii. 14. § 6. )
in a Latin translation, though Dietz had, before his
3. A companion of Aeneas (Virg. Aen. ix. 500), death, collected materials for a Greek edition of
who is probably the same who in another passage this and his other works. (See his preface to Galen
(xii. 94) is called an Auruncan, and of whose con- De Dissect. Musc. ) In these books, says Freind,
quered lance Turnus made a boast. This story though he chiefly follows Galen, and very often
seems to have given rise to the proverbial saying Aëtius and Paulus Aegineta without naming him,
" Actoris spolium" (Juv. ii. 100), for any poor yet he makes use of whatever he finds to his pur-
spoil in general.
(L. S. ] pose both in the old and modern writers, as well
ACTORIDES or ACTOʻRION (Akropions or barbarians as Greeks; and indeed we find in him
'Autoplwr), are patronymic forms of Actor, and are several things that are not to be met
with else
consequently given to descendants of an Actor, where. The work was written extempore, and
such as Patroclus (Ov. Met. xiii 373; I'risl. i. 9. designed for the use of A pocauchus during his
29), Erithus (Ov. Met. v. 79; compare viii. 308, embassy to the north.
Oribas. Synops. vi. 24, p. 97; Aëtius, tetrab. diation of Michael Palaeologus. Previously to
ii. serm. i. 94, p. 223; Paul Aegin. ii. 35, this he had been appointed great logotheton, either
p. 406. ) It should however be borne in mind by John or by Theodore, whom he had instructed
that there is no mention of this in Thucy- in logic. Meanwhile, Michael Palaeologus was
dides (ii. 49, &c. ), and, if it is true that Em-proclaimed emperor of Nicaea in 1260, and in 1261
pedocles or Simonides (who died B. C. 467) wrote he expulsed the Latins from Constantinople, and
the epitaph on Acron, it may be doubted became emperor of the whole East ; and from this
whether he was in Athens at the time of the moment Georgius Acropolita becomes known in
plague. Upon his return to Agrigentum he was the history of the eastern empire as one of the
anxious to erect a family tomb, and applied to greatest diplomatists. After having discharged the
the senate for a spot of ground for that purpose on function of ambassador at the court of Constantine,
account of his eminence as a physician. Empe king of the Bulgarians, he retired for some years
docles however resisted this application as being from public affairs, and made the instruction of
contrary to the principle of equality, and proposed youth his sole occupation. But he was soon em-
to inscribe on his tomb the following sarcastic ployed in a very important negociation. Michael,
epitaph (TWBAOTIKOV), which it is quite impossible afraid of a new Latin invasion, proposed to pope
to translate so as to preserve the paronomasia of Clemens IV. to reunite the Greek and the Latin
the original :
Churches ; and negociations ensued which were car-
"Ακρον ιητρον 'Ακρων'Ακραγαντίνον πατρός άκρου | ried on during the reign of five popes, Clemens IV.
Κρύπτει κρημνός άκρος πατρίδος ακροτάτης. Gregory X. John XXI. Nicolaus III. and Martin
The second line was sometimes read thus :
IV. and the happy result of which was almost en-
'Ακροτάτης κορυφής τύμβος ακρος κατέχει, tirely owing to the skill of Acropolita. As early as
Some persons attributed the whole epigram to 1273 Acropolita was sent to pope Gregory X. and
Simonides. (Suid. s. v. "Axpwr ; Eudoc. Violar. , in 1274, at the Council of Lyons, he confirmed by
ap. Villoison, Anecd. Gr. i. 49; Diog. Läert. an oath in the emperor's name that that confession
viii 65. ). The sect of the Empirici, in order to of faith which had been previously sent to Con-
boast of a greater antiquity than the Dogmatici stantinople by the pope had been adopted by the
:(founded by Thessalus, the son, and Polybus, the Greeks. The reunion of the two churches was
Bon-in-law of Hippocrates, about B. C. 400), claimed afterwards broken off, but not through the fault of
Acron as their founder (Pseudo-Gal. Introd. 4. Acropolita In 1282 Acropolita was once more
vol. xiv. p. 683), though they did not really exist sent to Bulgaria, and shortly after his return he
before the third century B. C. [PHILINUS; SERA- died, in the month of December of the same year,
PION. ) Pliny falls into this anachronism. (H. N. I in his 62nd year.
xxix. 4. ) None of Acron's works are now extant, Acropolita is the author of several works : the
though he wrote several in the Doric dialect on most important of which is a history of the Byzan-
Medical and Physical subjects, of which the titles tine empire, under the title Xpovikovas év ouvoye.
are preserved by Suidas and Eudocia. [W. A. G. ] Twv ev vorépous, that is, from the taking of Con-
ACRON, HELE'NIUS, a Roman grammarian, stantinople by the Latins in 1204, down to the
probably of the fifth century A. D. , but whose pre year 1261, when Michael Palaeologus delivered the
cise date is not known. He wrote notes on Ho city from the foreign yoke. The MS. of this work
race, and also, according to some critics, the scholia was found in the library of Georgius Cantacuzenus
which we have on Persius. The fragments which at Constantinople, and afterwards brought to Eu-
remain of the work on Horace, though much muti- rope. (Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 768. ) The
lated, are valuable, as containing the remarks of first edition of this work, with a Latin translation
the older commentators, Q. Terentius Scaurus and and notes, was published by Theodorus Douza,
others. They were published first by A. Zarotti, Lugd. Batav. 1614, 8vo. ; but a more critical one by
Milan, 1474, and again in 1486, and have often Leo Allatius, who used a Vatican MS. and divided
been published since in different editions ; perhaps the text into chapters. It has the title rewprſou
the best is that by Geo. Fabricius, in his ed. of Toù 'Akpotonítov Toù veyadov dovodétou Xpovinsi
Horace, Basel, 1555, Leipzig, 1571. A writer of ourypá¢n, Georgii Acropolitae, magni Logothetae,
the same name, probably the same man, wrote a Historia, &c. Paris, 1651. fol. This edition is re-
commentary on Terence, which is lost, but which printed in the “Corpus Byzantinorum Scriptorum,"
is referred to by the grammarian Charisius. (A. A. ) | Venice, 1729, vol. xii. This chronicle contains
ACROPOLITA, GEORGIUS (reapyros one of the most remarkable periods of Byzantine
'Axproximos), the son of the great logotheta Con- bistory, but it is so short that it seems to be cnly
stantinns Acropolita the elder, belonged to a noble an abridgment of another work of the same author,
Byzantine family which stood in relationship to which is lost. Acropolita perhaps composed it with
the imperial family of the Ducas. (Acropolita, 97. ) the view of giving it as a compendium to those young
He was born at Constantinople in 1220 (16. 39), men whose scientific education he superintended,
but accompanied his father in his sixteenth year to after his return from his first embassy to Bulgaria
## p. 16 (#36) ##############################################
16
ACTA EON.
ACTISANES.
The history of Michael Palaeologus by Pachymeres The cause of this misfortune is differently stated :
may be considered as a continuation of the work of according to some accounts it was because he had
Acropolita. Besides this work, Acropolita wrote seen Artemis while she was bathing in the vale of
several orations, which he delivered in his capacity Gargaphia, on the discovery of wbich the god-
as great logotheta, and as director of the negociations dess changed him into a stag, in which form he
with the pope ; but these orations have not been was tom to pieces by his own dogs. (Ov. Met.
published. Fabricius (vol. vii
. p. 471) speaks of a ii. 155, &c. ; Hygin. Ful. 181; Callim. k in
MS. which has the title nepl TWY STÓ KTlOews Pallad. 110. ) Others relate that be provoked the
κόσμου ετών και περί των βασιλευσάντων μέχρι anger of the goddess by his boasting that he ex-
αλώσεως Κωνσταντινουπόλεως. Georgius, or Gre celled her in ting, or by his using for a feast
gorius Cyprius, who has written a short encomium of the game which was destined as a sacrifice to her.
Acropolita, calls him the Plato and the Aristotle of|(Eurip. Bacch. 3:20 ; Diod. iv. 81. ) A third ac-
his time. This “encomium” is printed with a La count stated that he was killed by his dogs at the
tin translation at the head of the edition of Acro command of Zeus, because he sued for the hand of
polita by Th. Douza : it contains useful information Semele. (Acusilaus, ap. A poliod. iii. 4. $ 4. ) Pan-
concerning Acropolita, although it is full of adula- sanias (ix. 2. & 3) sw near Orchomenos the rock on
tion. Further information is contined in Acropo which Actaeon used to rest when he was fatigued
lita's history, especially in the latter part of it, and by hunting, and from which he had seen Artemis
in Pachymeres, iv. 28, vi. 26, 34, seq. (W. P. ) in the bath; but he is of opinion that the whole
ACROREITES ('Axpwpeitos), a sumame of story arose from the circunstance that Actaeon
Dionysus, under which he was worshipped at was destroyed by his dogs in a natural fit of mad.
Sicyon, and which is synonymous with Eriphius, ness. Palaephatus (s. v. Adacon) gives an absurd
under which name he was worshipped at Meta- and trivial explanation of it. According to the
pontum in southern Italy. (Steph. Byz. 8. v. Orchomenian tradition the rock of Actaeon was
'Ακρωρεία. )
(LS. )
haunted by his spectre, and the oracle of Delphi
ACROʻTATUS ('Axpératos). 1. The son of commanded the Orchomenians to bury the remains
Cleomenes 11. king of Sparta, incurred the displea of the hero, which they might happen to find, and
bure of a large party at Sparta by opposing the de- fix an iron image of him upon the rock. This
cree, which was to release from infamy all who had image still existed in the time of Pausanias (ix.
fied from the battle, in which Antipater defeated 38. & 4), and the Orchomenians offered annual st-
Agis, B. C. 33). He was thus glad to accept tbe crifices to Actaeon in that place. The manner in
offer of the Agrigentines, when they sent to Sparta which Actaeon and his mother were painted by
for assistance in B. c. 314 against Agathocles of Polygnotus in the Lesche of Delphi, is described
Syracuse. He first sailed to Italy, and obtained by Pausanias. (x. 30. $ 2; comp. Müller, Orchom.
abbistance from Tarentum; but on his arrival at p. 348, &c. )
Agrigentum he acted with such cruelty and tyranny son of Melissus, and grandson of Abron,
that the inhabitants rose against him, and com- who had fled from Argos to Corinth for fear of the
pelled him to leave the city. He returned to tyrant Pheidon. Archias, a Corinthian, enamour-
Sparta, and died before the death of his father, ed with the beauty of Actaeon, endeavoured to
which was in B. C. 309. He left a son, Areus, who carry him off ; but in the struggle which ensued
succeeded Cleomenes. (Diod. xv. 70, 71 ; Paus. i. between Melissus and Archias, Actaeon was killed.
13. $ 3, iii. 6. & 1, 2; Plut. Agis, 3. )
Melissus brought his complaints forward at the
2.
The grandson of the preceding, and the son Isthmian games, and praying to the gods for re-
of Areus 1. king of Sparta. He had unlawful in- renge, he threw himself from a rock. Hereupon
tercourse with Chelidonis, the young wife of Cleo Corinth was visited by a plague and drought,
nymus, who was the uncle of his father Arens ; and the oracle ordered the Corinthians to propi-
and it was this, together with the disappointment tiate Poseidon, and avenge the death of Aciaeon.
of not obtaining the throne, which led Cleonynus Upon this hint Archias emigrated to Sicily, where
to invite Pyrrhus to Sparta, B. C. 272. Areus was he founded the town of Syracuse. (Plut Amat.
then absent in Crete, and the safety of Sparta was Narr. p. 772; comp. Paus. 1. 7. $ 2, Thucyd. vi.
mainly owing to the valour of Acrotatus. He suc 3; Strab. vii. p. 380. )
(L. S. ]
ceeded his father in B. C. 265, but was killed in ACTAEUS ('Axtaíos). A son of Erisichthon,
the same year in battle against Aristodemus, the and according to Pausanias (i. 2. § 5), the
tyrant of Megalopolis. Pausanias, in speaking of earliest king of Attica. He had three daughters,
his death, calls him the son of Cleonymus, but he Agraulos, Herse, and Pandrosus, and was succeed-
has mistaken him for his grandfather, spoken of ed by Cecrops, who married Agraulos. Accord-
above. (Plut. Pyrrh. 26-28; Ayis, 3; Paus. iii. 6. 83, ing to Apollodorus (ü. 14. 1. ) on the other hand,
viij. 27. & 8, 30. $ 3. ) Areus and Acrotatus are ac- Cecrops was the first king of Attica (L. S. )
cused by Phylarchus (ap. Athen. iv. p. 142, b. ) of ACTE, the concubine of Nero, was a freed-
having corrupted the simplicity of Spartan man- woman, and originally a slave purchased from
Asia Minor. Nero lored her far more than his
ACTAEA ('Axtala), a daughter of Nereus and wife Octavia, and at one time thought of marrying
Doris. (Hom. Il. xviii. 4); Apollod. i. 2. $ 7; her; whence he pretended that she was descended
Hygin. Fab. p. 7, ed. Staveren. ) (L. S. ) from king Attalus. She survived Nero. ('Tac.
ACTAEON ('AkTalwr). ]. Son of Aristaeus Ann. xiii. 12, 46, xiv. 2 ; Suet. Ver. 28, 50; Dion
and Autonoë, a daughter of Cadmus.
He was Cass. lxi. 7. )
trained in the art of hunting by the centaur Chei- ACTIACUS, & surname of Apollo, derived
ron, and was afterwards torn to pieces by his own from Actium, one of the principal places of his
50 hounds on mount Cithaeron. The names of worship. (Ov. Met. xiii. 715; Strab. x. p. 451;
these hounds are given hy Ovid (Met. iii. 206, &c. ) compare Burmann, ad Propert. p. 434. ) (L. S. )
and Hyginus. (Fab. 181; comp. Stat. Theb. ii. 203. ) | ACTI'SANES ('AKTlávns), a king of Ethiopian
pers.
## p. 17 (#37) ##############################################
ACTUARIUS.
17
ACTUARIUS.
who conquered Egypt and governed it with justice. I impure, and has a great mixture of the old Attic
lle founded the city of Rhinocolura on the con- in it, which is very rarely to be met with in the
fines of Egypt and Syria, and was succeeded by later Greek writers. A tolerably full abstract of
Mendes, an Egyptian. Diodorus says that Acti- it is given by Barchusen, Hist. Medic. Dinl. 14. p.
sanes conquered Egypt in the reign of Amasis, for 338, &c. Ii was first published, Venet. 1547, 8vo.
which we ought perhaps to read Ammosis. At all in a Latin translation by Jul. Alexandrinus de
events, Amasis, the contemporary of Cyrus, cannot Neustain. The first edition of the original was
be meant. (Diod. i. 60 ; Strab. xvi. p. 759. ) published, Par. 1557, 8vo. edited, without notes
ACTIUS. (ATTIUS. )
or preface, by Jac. Goupyl. second Greek edi-
ACTOR (Aktup). 1. A son of Deion and tion appeared in 1774, 8vo. Lips. , under the care
Diomede, the daughter of Xuthus. He was thus of J. F. Fischer. Ideler has also inserted it in the
a brother of Asteropeia, Aenetus, Phylacus, and first volume of his Physici et Medici Graeci Mi-
Cephalus, and husband of Aegina, father of Menores, Berol. 8vo. 1841; and the first part of J. S.
noetius, and grandfather of Patroclus. (Apollod. Bernardi Reliquiae Medico-Criticae, ed. Gruner,
i. 9. § 4, 16, iii. 10. § 8; Pind. Ol. ix. 75; Hom. Jenae, 1795, 8vo. contains some Greek Scholia
I. xi. 785, xvi. 14. )
on the work.
2. A son of Phorbas and Hyrmine, and husband Another of his extant works is entitled, Oepa-
of Molione. He was thus a brother of Augeas, TEUTUD McDodos, “ De Methodo Medendi,” in six
and father of Eurytus and Creatus. (Apollod. ii. books, which have hitherto appeared complete only
7. & 2; Paus. v. 1. & 8, viii. 14. § 6. )
in a Latin translation, though Dietz had, before his
3. A companion of Aeneas (Virg. Aen. ix. 500), death, collected materials for a Greek edition of
who is probably the same who in another passage this and his other works. (See his preface to Galen
(xii. 94) is called an Auruncan, and of whose con- De Dissect. Musc. ) In these books, says Freind,
quered lance Turnus made a boast. This story though he chiefly follows Galen, and very often
seems to have given rise to the proverbial saying Aëtius and Paulus Aegineta without naming him,
" Actoris spolium" (Juv. ii. 100), for any poor yet he makes use of whatever he finds to his pur-
spoil in general.
(L. S. ] pose both in the old and modern writers, as well
ACTORIDES or ACTOʻRION (Akropions or barbarians as Greeks; and indeed we find in him
'Autoplwr), are patronymic forms of Actor, and are several things that are not to be met
with else
consequently given to descendants of an Actor, where. The work was written extempore, and
such as Patroclus (Ov. Met. xiii 373; I'risl. i. 9. designed for the use of A pocauchus during his
29), Erithus (Ov. Met. v. 79; compare viii. 308, embassy to the north.
