would you always, even unto the
consummation
of the aye.
Augustine - Exposition on the Psalms - v6
And the Lord saith in the Gospel, Blessed are they that do hunger and thirst after righteous- Matt.
5,
ness, for they shall be filled. For he that thus argueth is6' already satisfied ; he thinketh himself learned, he is not willing to learn, therefore he thirsteth not. For if he thirsted, he would be willing to learn, and he would find that every thing happeneth upon earth by God's Providence, and he would wonder at the arrangement of even the limbs of a flea. Attend, beloved. Who hath arranged the limbs of a flea and a gnat, that they should have their proper order,
426 God's creation harmonious,
Psalm life, motion ? Consider one little creature, even the very c*lVm- smallest, whatever thou wilt. If thou considerest the order of its limbs, and the animation of life whereby it moveth ; how doth it shun death, love life, seek pleasures, avoid pain, exert divers senses, vigorously use movements suitable to itself! Who gave its sting to the gnat, for it to suck
blood with ? How narrow is the pipe whereby it sucketh ! Who arranged all this? who made all this? Thou art amazed at the smallest things; praise Him that is great. Hold then this, my brethren, let none shake you from your faith or from sound doctrine. He Who made the Angel in heaven, the Same also made the worm upon earth : the Angel in heaven to dwell in heaven, the worm upon earth to abide on earth. He made not the Angel to creep in the mud, nor the worm to move in heaven. He hath assigned dwellers to their different abodes ; incorruption He assigned
to incorruptible abodes, corruptible things to corruptible abodes. Observe the whole, praise the whole. He then Who ordered the limbs of the worm, doth He not govern the clouds ? And wherefore raineth He into the sea ? As though there are not in the sea things which are nourished by rain ; as though He made not fishes therein, as though He made not living creatures therein. Observe how the fishes run to sweet water. And wherefore, saith he, doth
He give rain to the fishes, and sometimes giveth not rain to me ? That thou mayest consider that thou art in a desert region, and in a pilgrimage of life ; that so this present life may grow bitter to thee, that thou mayest long for the life to come : or else that thou mayest be scourged, punished, amended. And how well doth He assign their properties
to regions. Behold, since we have spoken of Getulia, He raineth here nearly every year, and giveth corn every year ; here the corn cannot be kept, it soon rotteth, because it is given every year; there, because it is given seldom, both much is given, and it can be kept for long. But dost thou perchance think that God there deserteth man, or that they do not there after their own manner of rejoicing both praise and glorify God ? Take a Getulian from his country, and set him amid our pleasant trees ; he will wish to flee awav, and return to his bare Getulia. To all places then, regions,
and obeys His Will. 427 seasons, God hath assigned and arranged what fits them. Ver.
And it were a long task to go through a more accurate --- enumeration of all these matters. Who could unfold it?
Yet they who have eyes see many things therein : when seen, they please ; pleasing, they are praised ; not they really, but He Who made them ; thus shall all things praise God.
-
11. It was in thought of this that the spirit of the Prophet,
after he had said, Fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storm,
added, because all these seem to some foolish persons to be
all confusion, and, as it were, moved hither and thither by chance, the words, which do His word. Think not then
that these things are moved by chance, which in every motion of theirs obey God. Whither God willeth, thither
the fire spreads, thither the cloud hurries, whether it carry
in it rain, or snow, or hail. And wherefore doth the light
ning sometimes strike the mountain, yet strikes not the
robber ? I will say what I can, according to the capacity
of my mind, so much as God deigneth to give me : greater
men may know greater things, and understand more, and
may God give to you to be wiser than my words, only let it
be with moderation, without pride. I then, in my measure,
can give a reason why it strikes the mountain and strikes
not the robber; because perhaps He yet seeketh the robber's conversion, and therefore is the mountain which
feareth not smitten, that the man who feareth may be changed. Thou also sometimes, when maintaining discipline,
smitest the ground to terrify a child. Sometimes too He smiteth a man, whom He will. But thou sayest to me, Behold, He smiteth the more innocent, and passeth over
the more guilty. Wonder not; death, whencesoever it
come, is good to the good man. And whence dost thou
know what punishment is reserved in secret for that more
guilty man, if he be unwilling to be converted ? Would
not they rather be scorched by lightning, to whom it shall
be said in the end, Depart into everlasting fire ? The Mat. 25, needful thing is, that thou be guileless. Why so ? Is it an41,
evil thing to die by shipwreck, and a good thing to die by fever? Whether he die in this way or in that, ask what sort of man he is who dieth ; ask whither he will go after
428 God's Works good, though man cannot see how.
Psalm death, not how he is to depart from life. We shall depart cixviii. fron] nence 0y whatever may befall us. By what deaths
were the martyrs thought worthy to die ? Was it by fevers ? How is it that many wish to be set free by fever? Some perished by a single blow of the sword, some by fire, some by wild beasts. Wild beasts devoured the bodies of the martyrs, yet feared they not that their bodies would perish. For God will bring back from all quarters the bodies of
Mat. 10, the saints, God by Whom the very hairs of our head are J"' numbered. When He willed too, He delivered the Three 2 Mace. Children from the fire. Did He therefore desert the Macca-
'bees in the fire? The former He openly set free, the latter He secretly crowned. God then knoweth what He doeth. Do thou fear, and be good. For whatsoever way He will that thou depart hence, let Him find thee ready. For here thou art a sojourner, not a possessor of the house. For the house is let to thee, this house is let to thee, not given : loth though thou be, thou must depart from it: neither hast thou received it on such terms, as that thou hast any fixed time. What said thy Lord ? ' Whensoever I will, when soever I shall say, Depart, be thou ready. I drive thee from thy lodging, but I will give thee a home: thou art a sojourner on earth, thou shalt be possessor in heaven. '
12. Whatever then happeneth here contrary to our wish, thou wilt know that it happeneth not, save by the will of God, by His providence, by His ordering, by His nod, by His laws: and if we understand not why any thing is done, let us grant to His providence that it is not done without reason : so shall we not be blasphemers. For when we begin to argue concerning the works of God, ' why is this? ' ' why is that? ' and, ' He ought not to have done this,' ' He did this ill ;' where is the praise of God f Thou hast lost thy Halleluia. Regard all things in such wise as to please God and praise the Creator. For if thou wert to happen to enter the workshop of a smith, thou wouldest not dare to find fault with his bellows, his anvils, his hammers. But take an ignorant man, who knows not for what purpose each thing is, and he findeth fault with all. But if he have not the skill of the workman, and have but the reasoning power of a man, what saith he to himself?
All creation praises by our voice. 429
Not without reason are the bellows placed here: the Ver.
--
13. Then he mentioneth, that they may praise the Lord, ver. 9. mountains and hills, fruitful trees and all cedars: beasts10' and all cattle, creeping things, and winged fowls. Then
he goeth to men; kings of the earth and all people, princes ver. 11. and all judges of the earth ; young men and maidens, old 12, men and young, let them praise the Name of the Lord. Ended is the praise from heaven, ended is the praise from
earth.
14. For His Name only is exalted. Let no man seek ver. 15*
to exalt his own name. Wilt thou be exalted ? Subject thyself to Him Who cannot be humbled. His Name only is exalted.
15. His confession is in earth and heaven. What is,
His confession is in earth and heaven ? Is it the confession wherewith He confesseth ? No, but that whereby all things
confess Him, all things cry aloud : the beauty of all things
is in a manner their voice, whereby they praise God. The
heaven crieth out to God, 'Thou madest me, not I myself. '
Earth crieth out, ' Thou createdst me, not I myself. ' How
do they cry out? When thou regardest them, and findest
this out, they cry out by thy voice, they cry out by thy regard. His confession is in earth and heaven. Regard
the heavens, it is beautiful : observe the earth, it is beau
tiful : both together are very beautiful. He made them,
He ruleth them, by His nod they are swayed, He ordereth
their seasons, He reneweth their movements, by Himself
He reneweth them. All these things then praise Him, whether in stillness or in motion, whether from earth below
or from heaven above, whether in their old state or in their renewal. When thou seest all these things, and rejoicest,
aiid art lifted up to the Maker, and gazest on His invisible Rom. l, things understood by the things which are made, His con- 20,
workman knoweth wherefore, though [ know not. In the shop he dareth not to find fault with the smith, yet in the universe he dareth to find fault with God. Therefore just as fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storms, which do His word, so all things in nature, which seem to foolish persons to be made at random, simply do His word, because they are not made save by His command.
430 The Christian's true life hidden now,
Psalm fession is in earth and heaven : that is, thou confesses! cxlvm, to Him from lningS on earth, thou confessest to Him from things in heaven. And since He made all things, and nought is better than He, whatsoever He made is less than He, and whatsoever in these things pleaseth thee, is less than He. Let not then what He hath made so please thee, as to withdraw thee from Him Who made: if thou lovest what He made, love much more Him Who made. If the things which He hath made are beautiful, how much more beautiful is He Who made them: His confession is in earth
vit. 14.
and heaven.
16. And He shall exalt the horn of His people. Behold
what Haggai and Zachariah prophesied. Now the horn of His people is humble in afflictions, in tribulations, in
in beating of the breast ; when will He exalt the horn of His people? When the Lord hath come, and our Sun is risen, not the sun which is seen with the eye,
temptations,
Matt. 5, and riseth upon the good and the evil, but That Whereof 4 is said, To you that fear God, the Sun of Righteousness shall
rise, and healing in His wings ; and of Whom the proud
2'
Wiad. 5, and wicked shall hereafter say, The light of righteousness
hath not shined unto us, and the sun of righteousness rose not upon us. This shall be our summer. Now during the winter weather the fruits appear not on the stock ; thou observest, so to say, dead trees during the winter. He who cannot see truly, thinketh the vine dead ; perhaps there is one near which really dead; both are alike during winter; the one alive, the other dead, but both the life and death are hidden summer advanceth then the life of the one shineth brightly, the death of the other manifested the splendour of leaves, the abundance of fruit, cometh
forth, the vine clothed in outward appearance from what hath in its stock. Therefore, brethren, now we are the same as other men just as they are born, eat, drink,
are clothed, pass their life, so also do the saints. Sometimes the very truth deceiveth men, and they say, Lo, he hath begun to be Christian: hath he lost his headache? ' or, 'because he a Christian, what gaineth he from me? '
dead vine, thou observest near thee vine that bare indeed in winter, yet not dead. Summer will come, the Lord
O it
is a
:
is
:
is
is
a
'
; is
is
:
is
it,
but to be manifested at Christ's coming. 431
will come, our Splendour, that was hidden in the stock, Ver. and then He shall exalt the horn of His people, after the ---- captivity wherein we live in this mortal life. Wherefore the Apostle saith, Judge nothing before the time, till the Lord i Cor. 4, come, Who shall bring to light the hidden things of dark- 5-
ness, and then shall every one have praise of God. But
thou sayest unto me, Where is my stock? where is my fruit?
If thou believest, thou knowest where thy root is. For it is there, where thy faith is, where thy hope and charity are. Hear the Apostle; For ye are dead. In the winter they Col. 3, seemed to be dead; hear that they are alive: and your life3'4'
is hid with Christ in God. There is where thou hast thy root. When then shalt thou be adorned with splendour? when shalt thou be made abundant with fruit? Hear how he goeth on : When Christ, Who is your Life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with Him in glory. And He shall exalt the horn of His people.
17. An hymn to all His Saints. Know ye what an hymn
is ?
and singest not, thou utterest no hymn : if thou singest
and praisest not God, thou utterest no hymn : if thou praisest ought else, which pertaineth not to the praise of
God, although thou singest and praisest, thou utterest no hymn. An hymn then containeth these three things, song,
and praise, and that of God. Praise then of God in song is called an hymn. What then meaneth, An hymn to all His Saints? Let His Saints receive an hymn: let His Saints
utter an hymn: for this is what they are to receive in the
end, an everlasting hymn. Therefore in another place a Psalm saith, The sacrifice of praise shall glorify Me, and Ps. eo,
I will shew him My salvation. 23' And again, Blessed are they that dwell in Thy house, they ps. 84,
there is the way wherein
will praise Thee for ever and ever. This is the meaning of, 4' An hymn to all His Saints. Who are His Saints ? To the sons of Israel, to the people that draweth nigh unto Him. Let none say, I am not a son of Israel. Think not that the Jews are sons of Israel, and that we are not sons of Israel: I dare to say to you, brethren, that they are not sons, and we are. 1 will tell you why : because greater is he that is born after the Spirit, than he that is born after
-
It is a song with praise of God. If thou praisest God
432 Christians the true sons of Israel.
Psalm the flesh. Whose son was Israel ? Abraham's : for Isaac cilvin. was Abraham's sod, and Israel Isaac's. And how did Abraham please God ? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. Whosoever imitaleth
Abraham is a son of Abraham : whosoever hath degenerated from the faith of Abraham, hath lost the stock of Abraham. The Jews have degenerated, and have lost the stock; we have imitated, and have found it. I will shew that they have lost it: what saith the Lord to them when they say,
John 8, we are the s0lis of Abraham ? They dared to boast them selves, to hold up their head on the nobility of their
John 8, righteous descent : and what saith the Lord to them ? If ye were sons of Abraham, ye would do the deeds of Abraham. If then they lost the being sons of Abraham, we have found the being sons of Abraham. We, that is, by believing have found, what they by not believing have lost. For Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness : and Christ is the seed of Abraham, and we are in Christ ; and of Israel is the people, of which people was Mary,
of which Mary was Christ, in Which Christ we are : there fore we are sons of Israel. And what hath he added, in order to distinguish us? To the sons of Israel, to the people that draweth nigh unto Him. Observe the Jews: if they draw nigh, they are they. 'And perhaps they do draw nigh,' saith some one to me : they also daily sing their Psalm, they sing hymns to God. Hear ye not what the Prophet said unto them ? This people honoureth Me with their lips, but their heart is far from Me. If their heart is far, yet our heart is most nigh, because we believe, because we hope, because we love, because we are joined to Christ, because we have been made His members. Are the members far from the head ?
Gal. 3, ? '
Is. 29, ,3.
would you always, even unto the consummation of the aye. If they were
Mat. 28 be severed: He would not say, Lo, 20'
am with
Acts9,4. severed, He would not cry from heaven, Saul, Saul, why perseIcutest thou Me ? If He were not in us, He would not
uus an hungered, and ye gave me meat. Then when 35. <fco. they said to Him, When saw we Thee an hungered? He answered, Forasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the
Mat. 25, say,
least of Mine, ye have done it unto Me. Behold the people,
If Iwere afar they
they
The New Testament a ' new song. ' 433
behold Israel that draweth nigh : they draw nigh now in Ver. hope ; hereafter they shall in reality. --'--
PSALM CXLIX. Lat. CxlIZ.
EXPOSITION.
Sermon to the People.
1. Let us praise the Lord both in voice, and in under standing, and in good works; and, as this Psalm exhort eth,
let us sing unto Him a new song.
Sing ye to the Lord a new song.
song, the new man a new song.
old song, the New Testament a new song. In the Old Testament are temporal and earthly promises. Whoso loveth earthly things singeth an old song: let him that desireth to sing a new song, love the things of eternity.
Love itself is new and eternal ; therefore is it ever new, because it never groweth old. For if thou consider well,
this is old. How then is it new ? Is it so, my brethren, that everlasting life is but lately born ? Christ Himself is everlasting
life, and as touching His Godhead, He is not lately born;
for, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was John 1, with God, and the Word was God: the Same was in thei,&c'
beginning with God. All things were made by Him, and without Him was nothing made. If the things which were made by Him are old, what is He by Whom they were made? What, but everlasting, and coeternal with the Father ? But we have sunk into sin ; we have reached old age. For those are our words in the Psalm, /
have grown ps. old among all mine enemies. Man grew old by sin ; he is renewed by grace. All then who are renewed in Christ,
6,7.
that they may begin to appertain unto everlasting life, sing a new song.
2. And this song is of peace, this song is of charity. Whoso severeth himself from the union of the saints, singeth not a new song; for he hath followed old strife, not new charity. In new charity what is there? Peace, the bond of an holy society, a spiritual union, a building of living
vol. vr. f f
For thus it beginneth : The old man hath an old The Old Testament is an
434 The ' new song,' Catholic :
Psalm stones.
Fs^T
Where is this? Not in one place, but throughout w^o^e world. This is said in another Psalm, Sing unto
the Lord a new song, sing unto the Lord all the earth. From this is understood, that he who singeth not with the whole earth, singeth an old song, whatever words proceed out of his mouth. For why should I care to hear what he saith, when I know what he thinketh ? Sayest thou, canst thou see what he thinketh ? Yes, his deeds de clare it. For the eye penetrateth not into the conscience. I observe what he doeth, and therein I understand what he
thinketh. For neither if any one, for instance, taketh another in the act of theft, or homicide, or adultery, doth he see his thoughts in his heart, but in his deeds? There are some things which lie hid within ; but there are many also which come forth into works, and are manifest even to men. Although then they who severed themselves from the bond of the love of Christ, and the society of the holy Church, were inwardly in themselves evil, yet none knew
save God. The time came He severed them, and so made manifest to men what God alone had known before. For the fruit not shewn, save in deeds. Wherefore
said, their fruits ye shall know them. For the Lord said to some who clothe themselves in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravening wolves: lest human frailty should perhaps be unable to distinguish the wolf under the sheep's skin, He saith, By their fruits ye shall know them. We seek the fruits of love, we find the thorns of dissension. By their fruits ye shall know them. Their song then
an old one, let us sing new song. We have already said, brethren, that all the earth singeth a new song. He who singeth not with the whole earth new song, let him sing what he will, let his tongue sound forth Halleluia, let him utter all day and all night, my ears are not so much bent to hear the voice of the singer, but seek the deeds of the actor. For ask, and say, What that thou singest He answereth, Halleluia. ' What is, 'Hal-
leluia Praise ye the Lord. ' Come, let us praise the Lord together. If thou praisest the Lord, and praise the Lord, why are we at variance Charity praiseth the Lord, discord blasphemeth the Lord.
Matt.
I
a '
? ' '
it by
?
I
a
? '
it
'
:
I is
it
it is
is
7,
it,
is
not sung by Schismatics. 435
3. And now would ye know where ye may sing a new Ver.
:--
song ? See how and where all that he is about to mention in this Psalm is done, whether it be in any one part of the world ; so shall ye more fully understand to whom the new song appertaineth. That then is clear which I have quoted from another Psalm, Sing ye to the Lord a new song : and to shew that in this new song is the fruit of charity and unity, he added, Sing unto the Lord, all the earth. Let none sever himself, let none disunite himself: thou art wheat, bear with the chaff till the winnowing. Dost thou
wish to be put forth from the floor ? wheat though thou be, yet if thou wert outside the floor, the fowls of the air would find thee, and gather thee up. Nay more ; in the very fact that thou departest and fliest, thou shewest that thou art chaff; so, because thou wast light, the wind came, and thou wast carried away from under the feet of the oxen. But they who are wheat bear the threshing, rejoice because they
are wheat, groan amid the chaff, await Him as Winnower
Whom they know to be Redeemer. Sing ye unto the Lord
a new song: His praise is in the Church of the saints.
This is the Church of the saints, the Church of the wheat scattered throughout the whole world, sown throughout the
Lord's field, that this world, as the Lord Himself ex plained, when He said of the sower, man sowed good Mat. 13, seed in his field, and the enemy came and sowed tares over
and the owner's servants said, Didst not thou sow good seed in the field? whence are these tares here? He answered, An enemy hath done this. They desired to gather up the tares, but he restrained them, saying, Let
both grow till the harvest and in the time of harvest will say to the reapers, Gather up first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them, but store up the wheat in my garner. Afterwards His Disciples asked Him, saying, Expound unto us the parable the tares. And
all to them, that no man may attribute to his own wisdom what he hath understood therein, but
to the Lord of heaven Who expoundeth it. Let none say, He hath expounded according to His will. ' If the
Lord expounded the parable of the prophets, when He them spake what they said, who would dare to say that He
He expoundeth
'
I it ;
it it
is,
f2
of
;
by
A
43U Christians the true Israel,
Psalm ought not to expound it as He does : much more, when He cxt"I*' Himself expounded what He Himself set forth, who shall
rer. 2.
Uohn4,
dare to contradict a manifest truth ? Our Lord then, ex pounding this parable, saith, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of Man; the good seed are the children of the kingdom: (that is, the Church of the saints:) the tares are the children of the wicked one : the field is the world. See then, my brethren, that the good seed is sown throughout the world, and throughout the world the tares are sown also. It is not, is in one part wheat, in another tares? The field of the Lord the world, not Africa. not with the Lord's field, as without these fields of ours, where Getulia bears sixty or an hundred fold, Numidia only ten fold every where fruit borne to Him, both an hundred fold, and sixty fold, and thirty fold only do thou choose what thou wilt be, if thou thinkest to belong to the Lord's Cross. The Church then of the saints the Catholic Church. The Church of the saints not the Church of heretics. The Church of the saints that which God first
before was seen, and then set forth that might be seen. The Church of the saints was heretofore in writings, now in nations the Church of the saints was heretofore only read of, now both read of and seen. When was only read of, was believed now seen, and spoken against. His praise is in the Church the saints.
4. Let Israel rejoice in Him Who made him. What is, Israel Seeing God for this the meaning of the name Israel. He who seeth God, rejoiceth in Him by Whom he was made. What then, brethren we have said that we belong to the Church of the saints do we already see God and how are we Israel, we see not There one kind of sight belonging to this present time there will be another belonging to the time hereafter the sight which now is, by faith the sight which to be will be in reality. If we believe, we see; we love, we see: see what? God. Ask John: God is love; let us bless His holy Name, and rejoice in God by rejoicing in love. Whoso hath love, why send we him afar to see God? Let him regard his own conscience, and there he seeth God. If love
prefigured
if
it is
? is
is
it
:
; is
it :'
it
it is is
if
is
it :
is
is of
? '
is :? is
:
is :
;? ; is
It is
it
it is
it,
it
is
who are to rejoice in God. 437
dwelleth not there, neither doth God; but if love dwell Ver. there, so doth God. Perchance he wisheth to see Him -- ^-- seated in heaven; let him have love, and so He dwelleth
in him, as He doth in heaven. Let us then be Israel,
and let us rejoice in Him that made us. Let Israel rejoice in Him Who made him. In Him Who made him let him rejoice, not in Arins, not in Donatus, not in Csecilian, not in Proculian, not in Augustin. In Him Who made him let him rejoice. We, my brethren, commend not ourselves to you : we commend God to you, for we commend you to God. How do we commend God to you ?
For you to love for if ye do not For God will not the less possess His Godhead, because man hath not
Him for your own good, not for His good ; love Him, it is to your own hurt, not to His.
love towards Him. Thou increasest through God, not He through thee : and yet so greatly did He love us first before
we loved Him, that He sent His only-begotten Son to die
for us. He Who made us, became one of us. How made
He us? All things were made by Him, and without Him John l,
teas not any thing made. How became He one of us? 3- The Word was made flesht and dwelt among us. Thisib. M.
then is He in Whom we ought to rejoice. Let no man
claim to himself what belongs to Him : from Him is the joy, which maketh us happy. Let Israel rejoice in Him
Who made him.
5. And let the sons of Sion exult in their King. The
sons of the Church are Israel. For Sion indeed was one
city, which fell: amid its ruins certain saints dwelt after
the flesh : but the true Sion, the true Jerusalem, (for Sion
and Jerusalem are one,) is eternal in the heavens, and is2Cor. 5,
our mother. She it is that hath given us birth, she is the QaL 4 Church of the saints, she hath nourished us, she, who is in 26- part a pilgrim, in part abiding in the heavens. In the part which abideth in heaven is the bliss of angels, in the part which wandereth in this world is the hope of the righteous.
Of the former is said, Glory to God in the highest; of the Luke 2, latter, and on earth peace to men of good will. Let those 14' then who, being in this life, groan, and long for their country,
run by love, not by bodily feet; let them seek not ships
but wings, let them lay hold on the two wings of love.
438 Christ both King and Priest and Victim.
Psalm What are the two wings of love ? The love of God, and --of our neighbour. For now we are pilgrims, we sigh, we groan. There has come to us a letter from our country:
we read it to you. <
6. Let Israel rejoice in Him Who made him, and
the sons of Sion exult in their King. He means the same by Him Who made him, and by their King. Israel that I have spoken of is the same as the sons of Sion, Him Who made him, the same as their King. The Son of God, Who made us, was made one of us: and He rules us as our King, because He is our Creator, Who made us. But He by Whom we were made is the same as He by Whom we are ruled, and we are Christians because He is Christ. He is called Christ from Chrism, that Anointing. Kings and Priests used to be anointed He was anointed as both King and Priest. As King, He fought for us, as
Priest He offered Himself for us. When he fought for us, He seemed indeed to be conquered, but in reality He conquered for He was crucified, and by His cross, whereon He was nailed, He slew the devil, and thereby He our King. But whereby He our Priest? Because He offered Himself for us. Give to the Priest somewhat to offer. What could man find which he could give as clean victim What victim what clean thing can a sinner offer unrighteous, sinful man, whatever thou offerest unclean, and somewhat that clean must be offered for thee. Seek what thou hast in thee to offer, nought wilt thou find. Seek what thou hast beyond
thyself to offer: He delighteth not in rams, nor in goats, nor in bulls. All things are His, even though thou offer them not. Offer then to Him clean sacrifice. But thou art sinner, thou art ungodly, thou hast a defiled con science. Thou wilt perchance be able to offer somewhat clean, when thou hast been cleansed but that thou mayest
What
be cleansed, somewhat must be offered for thee.
then wilt thou offer for thyself that thou mayest be cleansed When thou hast been cleansed, thou wilt be able to offer what clean. Let then the Priest that clean offer Himself, and cleanse thee. This what Christ did. He found in man nothing clean for Him to offer for man He
is
:
is :
is,
is
is
a ;
is O?
a
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O
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:
True praise in deed as well as word. 439
offered Himself as a clean Victim. Happy Victim, true Vrh. Victim, spotless Offering. He offered not then what we ------
gave Him; yea rather, He offered what He took of us, and offered it clean. For of us He took flesh, and this He
offered. But where took He it?
Virgin Mary, that He might offer it clean for us unclean. He is our King, He is our Priest, in Him let us rejoice.
7. Let them praise His Name in chorus. What meaneth ver. 3. chorus ?
ness, for they shall be filled. For he that thus argueth is6' already satisfied ; he thinketh himself learned, he is not willing to learn, therefore he thirsteth not. For if he thirsted, he would be willing to learn, and he would find that every thing happeneth upon earth by God's Providence, and he would wonder at the arrangement of even the limbs of a flea. Attend, beloved. Who hath arranged the limbs of a flea and a gnat, that they should have their proper order,
426 God's creation harmonious,
Psalm life, motion ? Consider one little creature, even the very c*lVm- smallest, whatever thou wilt. If thou considerest the order of its limbs, and the animation of life whereby it moveth ; how doth it shun death, love life, seek pleasures, avoid pain, exert divers senses, vigorously use movements suitable to itself! Who gave its sting to the gnat, for it to suck
blood with ? How narrow is the pipe whereby it sucketh ! Who arranged all this? who made all this? Thou art amazed at the smallest things; praise Him that is great. Hold then this, my brethren, let none shake you from your faith or from sound doctrine. He Who made the Angel in heaven, the Same also made the worm upon earth : the Angel in heaven to dwell in heaven, the worm upon earth to abide on earth. He made not the Angel to creep in the mud, nor the worm to move in heaven. He hath assigned dwellers to their different abodes ; incorruption He assigned
to incorruptible abodes, corruptible things to corruptible abodes. Observe the whole, praise the whole. He then Who ordered the limbs of the worm, doth He not govern the clouds ? And wherefore raineth He into the sea ? As though there are not in the sea things which are nourished by rain ; as though He made not fishes therein, as though He made not living creatures therein. Observe how the fishes run to sweet water. And wherefore, saith he, doth
He give rain to the fishes, and sometimes giveth not rain to me ? That thou mayest consider that thou art in a desert region, and in a pilgrimage of life ; that so this present life may grow bitter to thee, that thou mayest long for the life to come : or else that thou mayest be scourged, punished, amended. And how well doth He assign their properties
to regions. Behold, since we have spoken of Getulia, He raineth here nearly every year, and giveth corn every year ; here the corn cannot be kept, it soon rotteth, because it is given every year; there, because it is given seldom, both much is given, and it can be kept for long. But dost thou perchance think that God there deserteth man, or that they do not there after their own manner of rejoicing both praise and glorify God ? Take a Getulian from his country, and set him amid our pleasant trees ; he will wish to flee awav, and return to his bare Getulia. To all places then, regions,
and obeys His Will. 427 seasons, God hath assigned and arranged what fits them. Ver.
And it were a long task to go through a more accurate --- enumeration of all these matters. Who could unfold it?
Yet they who have eyes see many things therein : when seen, they please ; pleasing, they are praised ; not they really, but He Who made them ; thus shall all things praise God.
-
11. It was in thought of this that the spirit of the Prophet,
after he had said, Fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storm,
added, because all these seem to some foolish persons to be
all confusion, and, as it were, moved hither and thither by chance, the words, which do His word. Think not then
that these things are moved by chance, which in every motion of theirs obey God. Whither God willeth, thither
the fire spreads, thither the cloud hurries, whether it carry
in it rain, or snow, or hail. And wherefore doth the light
ning sometimes strike the mountain, yet strikes not the
robber ? I will say what I can, according to the capacity
of my mind, so much as God deigneth to give me : greater
men may know greater things, and understand more, and
may God give to you to be wiser than my words, only let it
be with moderation, without pride. I then, in my measure,
can give a reason why it strikes the mountain and strikes
not the robber; because perhaps He yet seeketh the robber's conversion, and therefore is the mountain which
feareth not smitten, that the man who feareth may be changed. Thou also sometimes, when maintaining discipline,
smitest the ground to terrify a child. Sometimes too He smiteth a man, whom He will. But thou sayest to me, Behold, He smiteth the more innocent, and passeth over
the more guilty. Wonder not; death, whencesoever it
come, is good to the good man. And whence dost thou
know what punishment is reserved in secret for that more
guilty man, if he be unwilling to be converted ? Would
not they rather be scorched by lightning, to whom it shall
be said in the end, Depart into everlasting fire ? The Mat. 25, needful thing is, that thou be guileless. Why so ? Is it an41,
evil thing to die by shipwreck, and a good thing to die by fever? Whether he die in this way or in that, ask what sort of man he is who dieth ; ask whither he will go after
428 God's Works good, though man cannot see how.
Psalm death, not how he is to depart from life. We shall depart cixviii. fron] nence 0y whatever may befall us. By what deaths
were the martyrs thought worthy to die ? Was it by fevers ? How is it that many wish to be set free by fever? Some perished by a single blow of the sword, some by fire, some by wild beasts. Wild beasts devoured the bodies of the martyrs, yet feared they not that their bodies would perish. For God will bring back from all quarters the bodies of
Mat. 10, the saints, God by Whom the very hairs of our head are J"' numbered. When He willed too, He delivered the Three 2 Mace. Children from the fire. Did He therefore desert the Macca-
'bees in the fire? The former He openly set free, the latter He secretly crowned. God then knoweth what He doeth. Do thou fear, and be good. For whatsoever way He will that thou depart hence, let Him find thee ready. For here thou art a sojourner, not a possessor of the house. For the house is let to thee, this house is let to thee, not given : loth though thou be, thou must depart from it: neither hast thou received it on such terms, as that thou hast any fixed time. What said thy Lord ? ' Whensoever I will, when soever I shall say, Depart, be thou ready. I drive thee from thy lodging, but I will give thee a home: thou art a sojourner on earth, thou shalt be possessor in heaven. '
12. Whatever then happeneth here contrary to our wish, thou wilt know that it happeneth not, save by the will of God, by His providence, by His ordering, by His nod, by His laws: and if we understand not why any thing is done, let us grant to His providence that it is not done without reason : so shall we not be blasphemers. For when we begin to argue concerning the works of God, ' why is this? ' ' why is that? ' and, ' He ought not to have done this,' ' He did this ill ;' where is the praise of God f Thou hast lost thy Halleluia. Regard all things in such wise as to please God and praise the Creator. For if thou wert to happen to enter the workshop of a smith, thou wouldest not dare to find fault with his bellows, his anvils, his hammers. But take an ignorant man, who knows not for what purpose each thing is, and he findeth fault with all. But if he have not the skill of the workman, and have but the reasoning power of a man, what saith he to himself?
All creation praises by our voice. 429
Not without reason are the bellows placed here: the Ver.
--
13. Then he mentioneth, that they may praise the Lord, ver. 9. mountains and hills, fruitful trees and all cedars: beasts10' and all cattle, creeping things, and winged fowls. Then
he goeth to men; kings of the earth and all people, princes ver. 11. and all judges of the earth ; young men and maidens, old 12, men and young, let them praise the Name of the Lord. Ended is the praise from heaven, ended is the praise from
earth.
14. For His Name only is exalted. Let no man seek ver. 15*
to exalt his own name. Wilt thou be exalted ? Subject thyself to Him Who cannot be humbled. His Name only is exalted.
15. His confession is in earth and heaven. What is,
His confession is in earth and heaven ? Is it the confession wherewith He confesseth ? No, but that whereby all things
confess Him, all things cry aloud : the beauty of all things
is in a manner their voice, whereby they praise God. The
heaven crieth out to God, 'Thou madest me, not I myself. '
Earth crieth out, ' Thou createdst me, not I myself. ' How
do they cry out? When thou regardest them, and findest
this out, they cry out by thy voice, they cry out by thy regard. His confession is in earth and heaven. Regard
the heavens, it is beautiful : observe the earth, it is beau
tiful : both together are very beautiful. He made them,
He ruleth them, by His nod they are swayed, He ordereth
their seasons, He reneweth their movements, by Himself
He reneweth them. All these things then praise Him, whether in stillness or in motion, whether from earth below
or from heaven above, whether in their old state or in their renewal. When thou seest all these things, and rejoicest,
aiid art lifted up to the Maker, and gazest on His invisible Rom. l, things understood by the things which are made, His con- 20,
workman knoweth wherefore, though [ know not. In the shop he dareth not to find fault with the smith, yet in the universe he dareth to find fault with God. Therefore just as fire, hail, snow, ice, wind of storms, which do His word, so all things in nature, which seem to foolish persons to be made at random, simply do His word, because they are not made save by His command.
430 The Christian's true life hidden now,
Psalm fession is in earth and heaven : that is, thou confesses! cxlvm, to Him from lningS on earth, thou confessest to Him from things in heaven. And since He made all things, and nought is better than He, whatsoever He made is less than He, and whatsoever in these things pleaseth thee, is less than He. Let not then what He hath made so please thee, as to withdraw thee from Him Who made: if thou lovest what He made, love much more Him Who made. If the things which He hath made are beautiful, how much more beautiful is He Who made them: His confession is in earth
vit. 14.
and heaven.
16. And He shall exalt the horn of His people. Behold
what Haggai and Zachariah prophesied. Now the horn of His people is humble in afflictions, in tribulations, in
in beating of the breast ; when will He exalt the horn of His people? When the Lord hath come, and our Sun is risen, not the sun which is seen with the eye,
temptations,
Matt. 5, and riseth upon the good and the evil, but That Whereof 4 is said, To you that fear God, the Sun of Righteousness shall
rise, and healing in His wings ; and of Whom the proud
2'
Wiad. 5, and wicked shall hereafter say, The light of righteousness
hath not shined unto us, and the sun of righteousness rose not upon us. This shall be our summer. Now during the winter weather the fruits appear not on the stock ; thou observest, so to say, dead trees during the winter. He who cannot see truly, thinketh the vine dead ; perhaps there is one near which really dead; both are alike during winter; the one alive, the other dead, but both the life and death are hidden summer advanceth then the life of the one shineth brightly, the death of the other manifested the splendour of leaves, the abundance of fruit, cometh
forth, the vine clothed in outward appearance from what hath in its stock. Therefore, brethren, now we are the same as other men just as they are born, eat, drink,
are clothed, pass their life, so also do the saints. Sometimes the very truth deceiveth men, and they say, Lo, he hath begun to be Christian: hath he lost his headache? ' or, 'because he a Christian, what gaineth he from me? '
dead vine, thou observest near thee vine that bare indeed in winter, yet not dead. Summer will come, the Lord
O it
is a
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is
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is
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a
'
; is
is
:
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it,
but to be manifested at Christ's coming. 431
will come, our Splendour, that was hidden in the stock, Ver. and then He shall exalt the horn of His people, after the ---- captivity wherein we live in this mortal life. Wherefore the Apostle saith, Judge nothing before the time, till the Lord i Cor. 4, come, Who shall bring to light the hidden things of dark- 5-
ness, and then shall every one have praise of God. But
thou sayest unto me, Where is my stock? where is my fruit?
If thou believest, thou knowest where thy root is. For it is there, where thy faith is, where thy hope and charity are. Hear the Apostle; For ye are dead. In the winter they Col. 3, seemed to be dead; hear that they are alive: and your life3'4'
is hid with Christ in God. There is where thou hast thy root. When then shalt thou be adorned with splendour? when shalt thou be made abundant with fruit? Hear how he goeth on : When Christ, Who is your Life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with Him in glory. And He shall exalt the horn of His people.
17. An hymn to all His Saints. Know ye what an hymn
is ?
and singest not, thou utterest no hymn : if thou singest
and praisest not God, thou utterest no hymn : if thou praisest ought else, which pertaineth not to the praise of
God, although thou singest and praisest, thou utterest no hymn. An hymn then containeth these three things, song,
and praise, and that of God. Praise then of God in song is called an hymn. What then meaneth, An hymn to all His Saints? Let His Saints receive an hymn: let His Saints
utter an hymn: for this is what they are to receive in the
end, an everlasting hymn. Therefore in another place a Psalm saith, The sacrifice of praise shall glorify Me, and Ps. eo,
I will shew him My salvation. 23' And again, Blessed are they that dwell in Thy house, they ps. 84,
there is the way wherein
will praise Thee for ever and ever. This is the meaning of, 4' An hymn to all His Saints. Who are His Saints ? To the sons of Israel, to the people that draweth nigh unto Him. Let none say, I am not a son of Israel. Think not that the Jews are sons of Israel, and that we are not sons of Israel: I dare to say to you, brethren, that they are not sons, and we are. 1 will tell you why : because greater is he that is born after the Spirit, than he that is born after
-
It is a song with praise of God. If thou praisest God
432 Christians the true sons of Israel.
Psalm the flesh. Whose son was Israel ? Abraham's : for Isaac cilvin. was Abraham's sod, and Israel Isaac's. And how did Abraham please God ? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. Whosoever imitaleth
Abraham is a son of Abraham : whosoever hath degenerated from the faith of Abraham, hath lost the stock of Abraham. The Jews have degenerated, and have lost the stock; we have imitated, and have found it. I will shew that they have lost it: what saith the Lord to them when they say,
John 8, we are the s0lis of Abraham ? They dared to boast them selves, to hold up their head on the nobility of their
John 8, righteous descent : and what saith the Lord to them ? If ye were sons of Abraham, ye would do the deeds of Abraham. If then they lost the being sons of Abraham, we have found the being sons of Abraham. We, that is, by believing have found, what they by not believing have lost. For Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness : and Christ is the seed of Abraham, and we are in Christ ; and of Israel is the people, of which people was Mary,
of which Mary was Christ, in Which Christ we are : there fore we are sons of Israel. And what hath he added, in order to distinguish us? To the sons of Israel, to the people that draweth nigh unto Him. Observe the Jews: if they draw nigh, they are they. 'And perhaps they do draw nigh,' saith some one to me : they also daily sing their Psalm, they sing hymns to God. Hear ye not what the Prophet said unto them ? This people honoureth Me with their lips, but their heart is far from Me. If their heart is far, yet our heart is most nigh, because we believe, because we hope, because we love, because we are joined to Christ, because we have been made His members. Are the members far from the head ?
Gal. 3, ? '
Is. 29, ,3.
would you always, even unto the consummation of the aye. If they were
Mat. 28 be severed: He would not say, Lo, 20'
am with
Acts9,4. severed, He would not cry from heaven, Saul, Saul, why perseIcutest thou Me ? If He were not in us, He would not
uus an hungered, and ye gave me meat. Then when 35. <fco. they said to Him, When saw we Thee an hungered? He answered, Forasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the
Mat. 25, say,
least of Mine, ye have done it unto Me. Behold the people,
If Iwere afar they
they
The New Testament a ' new song. ' 433
behold Israel that draweth nigh : they draw nigh now in Ver. hope ; hereafter they shall in reality. --'--
PSALM CXLIX. Lat. CxlIZ.
EXPOSITION.
Sermon to the People.
1. Let us praise the Lord both in voice, and in under standing, and in good works; and, as this Psalm exhort eth,
let us sing unto Him a new song.
Sing ye to the Lord a new song.
song, the new man a new song.
old song, the New Testament a new song. In the Old Testament are temporal and earthly promises. Whoso loveth earthly things singeth an old song: let him that desireth to sing a new song, love the things of eternity.
Love itself is new and eternal ; therefore is it ever new, because it never groweth old. For if thou consider well,
this is old. How then is it new ? Is it so, my brethren, that everlasting life is but lately born ? Christ Himself is everlasting
life, and as touching His Godhead, He is not lately born;
for, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was John 1, with God, and the Word was God: the Same was in thei,&c'
beginning with God. All things were made by Him, and without Him was nothing made. If the things which were made by Him are old, what is He by Whom they were made? What, but everlasting, and coeternal with the Father ? But we have sunk into sin ; we have reached old age. For those are our words in the Psalm, /
have grown ps. old among all mine enemies. Man grew old by sin ; he is renewed by grace. All then who are renewed in Christ,
6,7.
that they may begin to appertain unto everlasting life, sing a new song.
2. And this song is of peace, this song is of charity. Whoso severeth himself from the union of the saints, singeth not a new song; for he hath followed old strife, not new charity. In new charity what is there? Peace, the bond of an holy society, a spiritual union, a building of living
vol. vr. f f
For thus it beginneth : The old man hath an old The Old Testament is an
434 The ' new song,' Catholic :
Psalm stones.
Fs^T
Where is this? Not in one place, but throughout w^o^e world. This is said in another Psalm, Sing unto
the Lord a new song, sing unto the Lord all the earth. From this is understood, that he who singeth not with the whole earth, singeth an old song, whatever words proceed out of his mouth. For why should I care to hear what he saith, when I know what he thinketh ? Sayest thou, canst thou see what he thinketh ? Yes, his deeds de clare it. For the eye penetrateth not into the conscience. I observe what he doeth, and therein I understand what he
thinketh. For neither if any one, for instance, taketh another in the act of theft, or homicide, or adultery, doth he see his thoughts in his heart, but in his deeds? There are some things which lie hid within ; but there are many also which come forth into works, and are manifest even to men. Although then they who severed themselves from the bond of the love of Christ, and the society of the holy Church, were inwardly in themselves evil, yet none knew
save God. The time came He severed them, and so made manifest to men what God alone had known before. For the fruit not shewn, save in deeds. Wherefore
said, their fruits ye shall know them. For the Lord said to some who clothe themselves in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravening wolves: lest human frailty should perhaps be unable to distinguish the wolf under the sheep's skin, He saith, By their fruits ye shall know them. We seek the fruits of love, we find the thorns of dissension. By their fruits ye shall know them. Their song then
an old one, let us sing new song. We have already said, brethren, that all the earth singeth a new song. He who singeth not with the whole earth new song, let him sing what he will, let his tongue sound forth Halleluia, let him utter all day and all night, my ears are not so much bent to hear the voice of the singer, but seek the deeds of the actor. For ask, and say, What that thou singest He answereth, Halleluia. ' What is, 'Hal-
leluia Praise ye the Lord. ' Come, let us praise the Lord together. If thou praisest the Lord, and praise the Lord, why are we at variance Charity praiseth the Lord, discord blasphemeth the Lord.
Matt.
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7,
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not sung by Schismatics. 435
3. And now would ye know where ye may sing a new Ver.
:--
song ? See how and where all that he is about to mention in this Psalm is done, whether it be in any one part of the world ; so shall ye more fully understand to whom the new song appertaineth. That then is clear which I have quoted from another Psalm, Sing ye to the Lord a new song : and to shew that in this new song is the fruit of charity and unity, he added, Sing unto the Lord, all the earth. Let none sever himself, let none disunite himself: thou art wheat, bear with the chaff till the winnowing. Dost thou
wish to be put forth from the floor ? wheat though thou be, yet if thou wert outside the floor, the fowls of the air would find thee, and gather thee up. Nay more ; in the very fact that thou departest and fliest, thou shewest that thou art chaff; so, because thou wast light, the wind came, and thou wast carried away from under the feet of the oxen. But they who are wheat bear the threshing, rejoice because they
are wheat, groan amid the chaff, await Him as Winnower
Whom they know to be Redeemer. Sing ye unto the Lord
a new song: His praise is in the Church of the saints.
This is the Church of the saints, the Church of the wheat scattered throughout the whole world, sown throughout the
Lord's field, that this world, as the Lord Himself ex plained, when He said of the sower, man sowed good Mat. 13, seed in his field, and the enemy came and sowed tares over
and the owner's servants said, Didst not thou sow good seed in the field? whence are these tares here? He answered, An enemy hath done this. They desired to gather up the tares, but he restrained them, saying, Let
both grow till the harvest and in the time of harvest will say to the reapers, Gather up first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them, but store up the wheat in my garner. Afterwards His Disciples asked Him, saying, Expound unto us the parable the tares. And
all to them, that no man may attribute to his own wisdom what he hath understood therein, but
to the Lord of heaven Who expoundeth it. Let none say, He hath expounded according to His will. ' If the
Lord expounded the parable of the prophets, when He them spake what they said, who would dare to say that He
He expoundeth
'
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it it
is,
f2
of
;
by
A
43U Christians the true Israel,
Psalm ought not to expound it as He does : much more, when He cxt"I*' Himself expounded what He Himself set forth, who shall
rer. 2.
Uohn4,
dare to contradict a manifest truth ? Our Lord then, ex pounding this parable, saith, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of Man; the good seed are the children of the kingdom: (that is, the Church of the saints:) the tares are the children of the wicked one : the field is the world. See then, my brethren, that the good seed is sown throughout the world, and throughout the world the tares are sown also. It is not, is in one part wheat, in another tares? The field of the Lord the world, not Africa. not with the Lord's field, as without these fields of ours, where Getulia bears sixty or an hundred fold, Numidia only ten fold every where fruit borne to Him, both an hundred fold, and sixty fold, and thirty fold only do thou choose what thou wilt be, if thou thinkest to belong to the Lord's Cross. The Church then of the saints the Catholic Church. The Church of the saints not the Church of heretics. The Church of the saints that which God first
before was seen, and then set forth that might be seen. The Church of the saints was heretofore in writings, now in nations the Church of the saints was heretofore only read of, now both read of and seen. When was only read of, was believed now seen, and spoken against. His praise is in the Church the saints.
4. Let Israel rejoice in Him Who made him. What is, Israel Seeing God for this the meaning of the name Israel. He who seeth God, rejoiceth in Him by Whom he was made. What then, brethren we have said that we belong to the Church of the saints do we already see God and how are we Israel, we see not There one kind of sight belonging to this present time there will be another belonging to the time hereafter the sight which now is, by faith the sight which to be will be in reality. If we believe, we see; we love, we see: see what? God. Ask John: God is love; let us bless His holy Name, and rejoice in God by rejoicing in love. Whoso hath love, why send we him afar to see God? Let him regard his own conscience, and there he seeth God. If love
prefigured
if
it is
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:
; is
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it
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if
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it :
is
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;? ; is
It is
it
it is
it,
it
is
who are to rejoice in God. 437
dwelleth not there, neither doth God; but if love dwell Ver. there, so doth God. Perchance he wisheth to see Him -- ^-- seated in heaven; let him have love, and so He dwelleth
in him, as He doth in heaven. Let us then be Israel,
and let us rejoice in Him that made us. Let Israel rejoice in Him Who made him. In Him Who made him let him rejoice, not in Arins, not in Donatus, not in Csecilian, not in Proculian, not in Augustin. In Him Who made him let him rejoice. We, my brethren, commend not ourselves to you : we commend God to you, for we commend you to God. How do we commend God to you ?
For you to love for if ye do not For God will not the less possess His Godhead, because man hath not
Him for your own good, not for His good ; love Him, it is to your own hurt, not to His.
love towards Him. Thou increasest through God, not He through thee : and yet so greatly did He love us first before
we loved Him, that He sent His only-begotten Son to die
for us. He Who made us, became one of us. How made
He us? All things were made by Him, and without Him John l,
teas not any thing made. How became He one of us? 3- The Word was made flesht and dwelt among us. Thisib. M.
then is He in Whom we ought to rejoice. Let no man
claim to himself what belongs to Him : from Him is the joy, which maketh us happy. Let Israel rejoice in Him
Who made him.
5. And let the sons of Sion exult in their King. The
sons of the Church are Israel. For Sion indeed was one
city, which fell: amid its ruins certain saints dwelt after
the flesh : but the true Sion, the true Jerusalem, (for Sion
and Jerusalem are one,) is eternal in the heavens, and is2Cor. 5,
our mother. She it is that hath given us birth, she is the QaL 4 Church of the saints, she hath nourished us, she, who is in 26- part a pilgrim, in part abiding in the heavens. In the part which abideth in heaven is the bliss of angels, in the part which wandereth in this world is the hope of the righteous.
Of the former is said, Glory to God in the highest; of the Luke 2, latter, and on earth peace to men of good will. Let those 14' then who, being in this life, groan, and long for their country,
run by love, not by bodily feet; let them seek not ships
but wings, let them lay hold on the two wings of love.
438 Christ both King and Priest and Victim.
Psalm What are the two wings of love ? The love of God, and --of our neighbour. For now we are pilgrims, we sigh, we groan. There has come to us a letter from our country:
we read it to you. <
6. Let Israel rejoice in Him Who made him, and
the sons of Sion exult in their King. He means the same by Him Who made him, and by their King. Israel that I have spoken of is the same as the sons of Sion, Him Who made him, the same as their King. The Son of God, Who made us, was made one of us: and He rules us as our King, because He is our Creator, Who made us. But He by Whom we were made is the same as He by Whom we are ruled, and we are Christians because He is Christ. He is called Christ from Chrism, that Anointing. Kings and Priests used to be anointed He was anointed as both King and Priest. As King, He fought for us, as
Priest He offered Himself for us. When he fought for us, He seemed indeed to be conquered, but in reality He conquered for He was crucified, and by His cross, whereon He was nailed, He slew the devil, and thereby He our King. But whereby He our Priest? Because He offered Himself for us. Give to the Priest somewhat to offer. What could man find which he could give as clean victim What victim what clean thing can a sinner offer unrighteous, sinful man, whatever thou offerest unclean, and somewhat that clean must be offered for thee. Seek what thou hast in thee to offer, nought wilt thou find. Seek what thou hast beyond
thyself to offer: He delighteth not in rams, nor in goats, nor in bulls. All things are His, even though thou offer them not. Offer then to Him clean sacrifice. But thou art sinner, thou art ungodly, thou hast a defiled con science. Thou wilt perchance be able to offer somewhat clean, when thou hast been cleansed but that thou mayest
What
be cleansed, somewhat must be offered for thee.
then wilt thou offer for thyself that thou mayest be cleansed When thou hast been cleansed, thou wilt be able to offer what clean. Let then the Priest that clean offer Himself, and cleanse thee. This what Christ did. He found in man nothing clean for Him to offer for man He
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True praise in deed as well as word. 439
offered Himself as a clean Victim. Happy Victim, true Vrh. Victim, spotless Offering. He offered not then what we ------
gave Him; yea rather, He offered what He took of us, and offered it clean. For of us He took flesh, and this He
offered. But where took He it?
Virgin Mary, that He might offer it clean for us unclean. He is our King, He is our Priest, in Him let us rejoice.
7. Let them praise His Name in chorus. What meaneth ver. 3. chorus ?
