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653] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing the Reformation. [054
lurketh so secretly in the hearts of the wicked, but that at one time or other God in his most
righteous judgement maketh it open unto the
world: so at this present was that long colour
ed perverse obstinacy, and the infestered hatred people, that they might know their duty unto of this double-faced dissembler against the your majesty, and unto Almighty God, and es king's godly proceedings, most plainly manifest pecially acknowledge your majesty these ed by disobedient demeanor this his ser years and age perfect high and sove mon. —For whereas he was commanded en reign lord, and king, and supreme head, whose treat only upon such special points were laws, proclamations, and commandments we mentioned his articles; yet, both besides are bound obey, well any prince's sub the council's commandment, the withdraw jects are bound obey the laws, proclamations, ing the minds the common people, inas and commandments their natural and sove much him lay, from the right and true reign lord, notwithstanding that nature hath not understanding the holy sacrament ministered yet given unto your person such age trust
same. Which time being once come, the Bishop, Articles did only tend the honour God, according to the tenor of the Injunctions, pub and the better instructions your highness's licly preached at the cross of Paul's the first people obedience and hatred rebellion and day of September. Howbeit as hypocrisy never
the holy communion then set forth authority the king's majesty (according
the she shall, nor many years, which we wish
the most part his sermon about the gross, carnal, and papistical presence Christ's and blood
many any prince ever had, the which
you king prince,
not make but the
your birth, and lawful succession what be, that we all must well acknow
king
our and prince,
less feared and obeyed, than your high ness were fifty hundred years old, (the
holy scripture) ospend true sense the did
years right soever ledge
his articles, but rebellious and wilful
carelessness did utterly leave out unspoken the
whole last article, concerning the effectual
and lawful authority the king's highness which thing not only most certainly true, but during his young age,
mutiny, wherewith late this your majesty's realm hath been marvellously vexed, the danger your highness's person, and the state
the whole realm, and therefore thing
this time most necessary taught unto the
the sacrament the altar, and also
your these years,
contrary thereunto did not only slenderly touch the rest
majesty
years old; notwithstanding was the traitorous opinion
were thirty for also this time most necessarily taught,
especially when divers rebels have openly de clared, that they would not obey your highness's
laws, nor acknowledge the statutes made
your majesty available till you come This contemptuous and disobedient dealing the age twenty years) and this not only being
greatly offended most the king's faithful but the same thing being commanded
and loving subjects there present, did much your said majesty, amongst other Injunctions mislike the minds, and was far from the good and Articles given writing the said Ed expectation, well that faithful and godly mund Bonner, preached his last sermon, preacher master John Hooper, afterwards bi the same Injunctions may appear, the shop Worcester and Gloucester, and lastly which the true copy we have when need
most constant martyr for the gospel Christ, shewed: yet this notwithstanding, the and also master Wm. Latimer, bachelor said Bonner, what zeal mind we cannot divinity and therefore they well weighing the tell, whether favouring the opinion the said
bels) was special commandment chiefly ap pointed him entreat upon. - -
foulness the fact, and their bounden allegi ances unto their prince, did thereupon exhibit unto the king's highness, under both their names,
bill complaint denunciation against the said Bishop form following:
The Denunciation John Hooper and William Latimer against Bonner the king's Majesty, for leaving undone the Points aforementioned,
which was charged preach upon.
“IN most humble wise sheweth unto your majesty William Latimer and John Hooper, that where late, we certainly informed from your majesty, the hand the right high
rebels, contemning your highness's command
ment declared unto him, hath not only left out
declare the said Article, which we most
and chiefly expected and looked for, but also
the rest sermon did not fully and apertly declare the said Injunctions andArticles,
our judgement did appear they ought have been declared, and was light ground looked for, entreating other far distant and divers from the Articles upon the which was commanded entreat; and such most should move and stir the people disorder and dissension, willingly leaving out those things which should have made quiet and obedience.
the same (because the popish re
and noble prince Edward, duke Somerset, Wherefore not moved any malice, grudge, governor your royal person, and protector envy, evil will the person the Bishop, your highness's realins, dominions and but constrained the love and zeal which we
subjects, and the rest your privy council, bear towards your highness, and our duty and there were certain Injunctions given the Bi allegiance your majesty, whose honour and
shop London that now with Articles insinuated and preached unto your subjects
certain day limited, the which Injunctions and
safety with tranquillity, quietness, and good governance this your realm, we most de
sire, and for the discharge our most boundea
you were the age years, and your laws and statutes
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655] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [656
duties, to avoid the dangers that might en articles, and for the more sure knowledge, sue the concealinent thereof, we most hum keeping, and observing, did exhibit the same
contempt
tion, and for good quiet our subjects and
bly denounce and declare the same your writing unto him the hands
highness, the intent that your majesty, the cle, the fulfilling our counsel;
advice aforesaid, may, please your high withstanding, the said bishop hath
mess, this our humble denunciation, call the (as inay appear) overslipped and not said Bishop answer the premises, the which observed certain the said things en we are ready avow and prove, and then joined, and other perversely and negligently your highness may take further order herein,
your princely wisdom shall seem most con venient; whose long life and most prosperous government God Almighty long continue, for the which we shall pray during our lives. ”
The king's majesty having thus, the infor
mation these two credible persons, perfect intelligence the contemptuous and perverse negligence this Bishop, not accomplishing his highness's commandment given him
done, that the things minded reforma
and otherwise called. The which things they tendering the health, quietness, good order, and government our people, have not
thought convenient past unpunished
and unreformed, and therefore the advice
aforesaid, have appointed you upon due punishment such dangerous rebellious ob whose sidelities, wisdoms, dexterities, and cir
junction, thought most necessary with venient speed (for the avoiding further
con
conveniences) look more severely unto the
stinacy; and therefore the advice the lord protector, and the rest his honourable Coulin cil, immediately directed forth his commis sion under his broad seal unto the archbishop Canterbury, the bishop Rochester, and
cumspections we have full confidence, call before you well the denouncers, the said
faults, also the said bishop, and with due ex aulinations and process, according the law and justice hear the said matter, and other
our whole realm, converted the wilful negligence perversity him great occa slow slander, tumult, and grudge amongst our people, hath been denounced
writing certain honest and discreet persons,
our said un this not
other grave and trusty personages and counsel matters, what kind, nature, condition so
lors, appointing and authorizing them,
certain them, virtue the same, call before them, well the bishop London,
also the foresaid denouncers, and upon due ex amination and proof the premises, any other matter otherwise objected, further
ever they shall objected against the said bi shop, summarily (e: piano) otherwise
your discretions shall thought most meet,
proceed against him suminarily, according iaw and justice, either sion, excommunication, committing
plano, suspen prison,
deprivation the quality the offence required) otherwise use any other censure, ecclesiastical, which, for the better hearing and
determining that cause, might their wis doms seem more pertinent, appeareth more
amply ensuing:
King's
upon the Denunciation aforesaid; for the Er
amination Bonner, Bishop London. Edward the 6th, &c. To the most reve
rend father God, Thomas abp. Canterbury, metropolitan and primate England, the right rev. father God, Nicholas bp. Rochester, our trusty and right well-beloved counsellors,
Wm. Peter and Tho. Suith, knights, our
two principal secretaries, and Wm. May, doc tor the law civil, and dean Paul's, greeting.
The
Copy
the
Commission sent down
the tenour
the Commission here
come our knowledge, that where we
the advice our most entirely beloved uncle condition the person, and also what estima Edward Duke Somerset, governor our tion and authority thought the commis person, and Protector our realms, doini sioners thought uot unmeet first, nions, and subjects, and the rest our privy before enter into the process, somewhat
council, did give the right revereud father
God Edmund bp. London, upon certain com
considerations, certain Injunctions ed, done, and executed, and pointed him preach
note and describe unto you.
The stubborn Behaviour Bonner before the Commissioners.
At his first entry into the place within the archbishop's house Lainbeth, where the arch
plaints before made unto us, and other great
follow
sermon ap with certain
suspend, ex deprive the
said bishop, the offence shall
merit, use any other censure ecclesiastical,
which for the better hearing and determining
the cause shall requisite and appertain, any
law, statute, act the contrary notwith
standing. witness whereof we have caused
these our letters made patents. -Witness
ourself Westminster the 8th, September, the 3rd year our reign. ”
This Commission being sealed with the king's broad seal, was his highness's council for thwith delivered the court unto Tho.
Cranmer abp. Canterbury and the rest the commissioners mentioned the same, being there altogether present. Who upon the
receipt thereof, determined virtue the same the archbishop's house Lambeth the Wednesday then next ensuing, which was the
tenth day that present month September, and therefore appointed the bishop London
summoned appear before them,
that time and place. The manner whose behaviour his appearance, because both declareth the froward nature and stubborn
with full power and authority
communicate, coininit prison,
appear
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657] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. —for opposing Reformation. [638
bishop and other the commissioners sate, thority with the terms pretended commis passed forth directly them with cap sioners, pretended witnesses, and unjust, un upon head (making though saw them lawful, and pretended procecdings, with recu
not) until one plucked him the sleeve, wil sation some, and terming others daws, ling him reverence unto the commis woodcocks, fools, and such like) which will
sioners. Whereat laughingly turned him
self, and spake unto the archbishop this
wise; What, my lord, are you here? my
troth saw you not. No, said the archbishop,
you would not see. Well (quoth you sent heart and will, had been cause true
me, have you any thing say me? Yea, and rightful, might have perchance seemed
said the commissioners, have here authority some men's judgment from the king's highness call you account ble; yet say the truth,
your sermon you made lately Paul's be, being iminoderate,
Cross, that you did not there publish the beseemed wise man, and therefore inuch People the article which you were commanded less one his calling. For his cause had then preach upon. At which words the been good, why did
bishop, either that did not greatly de tiently and meekly,
light hear this matter, else because gospel doth teach him
would make his friends believe that was called deed) naught and wrong, whereto served
account only for his opinion religion (as bold sturdy stoutness, but shew the impu afterward the sequel this process more dency the person, and make the case plainly appeareth) began turn talk unto worse which was bad enough before But be other matters, and said unto the archbishop like was disposed declare, need were,
good faith my lord would one thing were what was able the law, shifting had more reverence than What off the matter subtil dilatories, and frivolous said the archbishop The blessed mass, quoth cavilling about the law. And that would
You have written very well the sacra not help, yet with facing and brasing, and rail ment: marvell you more honour ing upon the denouncers with furious words, The archbishop Canterbury therewith per and irreverent behaviour toward the king's com
inissioners, thought countenance out the matter before the people, that something might seem yet him, whatsoever was the cause. For, conclude, for his crafty cauteles and tergiversations alledged out the law, yet neither his cause could defended, nor his behaviour excused, but that he was
you that wrote
bishop, replied, Truly will easily make the end most lawfully deprived the se
child that but ten years old understand there quel this process may well appear, the man Inatter much you. But- what this the ner whereof followeth.
ceiving
ness,
trary
you think well, because you understand
commend that which was utterly con opinion, said unto him again:
not. The other then adding unto former
gross ignorance swered; think
obstimate impudency, an understand better than
here omit, they more manifestly appear the sequel the story the time and lace they happened; adding yet this much
the way, that although such stoutness
sounewhat suffera what case soever this shall appear,
not take the wrong pa the true canon law the were (as was in
subtilty, and seeing gross blind
against the denouncers, asked
not believe them, whether
him, would would credit the
Unto which words the arch therefore both justly imprisoned, and also
Moreover, what time they began
enter the judicial prosecuting their commis sion, and had called forth the denouncers
Propound such matter they had object
against him, hearing them speak, fell scorning and taunting them, saying
one, that spake like goose and
The first Action Session against Bonner.
Upon Wednesday the 10th day September, the year our Lord 1549, and the third
People there present; and there withal (be
cause inany them were also the bishop's
serinon Paul's) stood and read the there then also personally appeared the said
*rticle the king's authority during young bishop. which time the commissioners,
age; saying unto them, how say you iny mas.
ters, did iny lord London preach this article?
Whereunto they answered, no, no. which
words the bishop turning himself about, de the name the rest declared unto the bishop, riding said, will you believe this fond people that grievous complaint had been heretofore
Besides this, his appearings used made and exhibited against him writing, inany irreverent, uncomely, obstinate, and fro unto the kings unajesty and his most honourable ward words and behaviours towards the com council, and that therefore his highness, with
missioners and others deficing their au. their advice, had committed the examination WQL.
year the reign
king Edward 6th, Thomas Canterbury, metropolitan
Cranmer abp. the and primate
England, associate with the Nicholas Ridley then bishop Rochester, sir other, that spake like woodcock, utterly Wm. Peter knight, one the king's two prin
denying their accusations true. Where cipal secretaries, and master Wm. May, Dr.
upon the archbishop, seeing his peevish malice
civil law and dean Paul's, virtue the king's commission, sate judicially, upon the
examination Edmund Bonner bishop Lon don, within the archbishop's chamber pre
sence, his house Lambeth, before whom
first shewing forth their commission, requested Win. Peter that would openly publish
and read the same. Which done, the abp.
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659] STATE TRIALs, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [660
thereof unto him and other his colleagues there present, as also unto Tho. Smith knight,
literas praetensas vobis (ut dicitur) committenti qualitercunqua decet omnibus per omnia perpetuo humilime recogniturus sum, habiturus
præstiturus, exceptionibus, defen sionibus legitimis mihi jure natura com unto the king Wm. Latimer and John Hoo petentibus defensionem mean necessariam per, ministers, which they likewise requested legitimam non aliter hac parte usurus. ” Sir Wm. Peter read. —These things ended, This Protestation being read, requested the bishop like subtil lawyer, having most the commissioners that might have the bill
like some secret intelligence before these complaint delivered him. Which, when matters (whatsoever pretended the con had well perused, said, that the same was trary) pulled out his bosom soleinn Protes very general, and general, that could tation ready written, which then exhibited not directly answer thereunto. Whereunto the unto the commissioners, requesting that the archbishop answered, that the special cause same might there openly read; the copy the complaint against him was, for that had whereof this tenor and form followeth. transgressed the king's commandment, given
the other his majesty's two principal secre taries, though then absent, and there withal
shewed also forth bill complaint exhibited
The Tenor and Form Edmund Bonner Bi shop London his Protestation, exhibited the King's Commissioners his first ap
pearing.
“FDMUNDus Lond. Episcopus primö ante omnia protestor quod per hanc meam compa
ritionem seu per aliqua per me hic dicta seu before that time had put the bill com dicenda, allegata seu alleganda, proposita seu plaint unto the king against him.
proponenda, exhibita seu exhibenda, gesta seu Upon whom the Bishop had earnestly looked, gerenda, objecta seu objicienda, exercita seu and well beheld them, said, As for this exercenda, facta seu fienda, petita seu petenda, merchant Latimer, know him very well, and non intendo vos dominos judices praesentes have borne with him, and winked his doings tanquam judices mihi hac parte compe great while, but have more say him tentes idoneos aliquo modo consentire, ves hereaster. But touching this other merchant tram jurisdictionem presentem hac parte Hooper, have not seen him before, howbeit, aliquatemus prorogare, nisi prout quatemus have heard much his naughty preaching.
jure hoc tenear astringar rationique And then turning himself again unto the arch
consonum vidcatur: sub protestatione prae bishop (of purpose most like make his friends dicta semper mihi salva qua recedere think that he was not called thither answer
non intendo, sed eandem omnibus sin for his contemptuous disobedience, but for gulis deinceps hoc negotio praetenso per me matters religion) said unto him, Ah my agendis, pro repetita haberivolo) dico allego lord, now see that the cause my trouble
literae commissionales praetenste vobis (ut not for the matter that you pretend against icitur) hac parte directe, seu carum vera me, but for that did preach and set forth legitima copia nunquam antehac mihi ostensæ my late sermon the true presence the
aut monstr. fuerunt, nec me aliquo modo most blessed body and blood our Saviour visae, lectae aut cognitae, vel mihi traditae. Itaque Jesus Christ to be the sacrament of the
jure
personas aliquorum vestrum, quae
naturali ratione mihi competunt
cum reverentia (qua decet) objicere,
bita juris forma proponere non possum prae the Sacrament of the Altar: and most of all
unto him his council, that his late sermon made at Paul's Cross did not set forth
|. people king's highness's royal
unto the the
power his minority, according
the tenor them for that and for proof thereof called forth Wil
the article delivered unto him
Hooper,
iam Latimer and John preachers, who
altar. For for these my accusers, they evil, infamed, notorious, and criminous per
sons, are they manifest and notable heretics
sentiut deberem. Quare defensio congrua, this IIooper. For where my late sermon quae nulli hominum deneganda est, mihi roser Paul's Cross preached, That the blessed vetur, liquidoque sciam cujusmodi exceptiones Sacrament the altar, after the words con mihi hac parte competere possint, debeant, secration, there the true body and blood utgue eas suis loco tempore juxta juris exigen our Saviour Jesus Christ, the selfsame sub tiam, pro necessaria defensione mea proponam stance that was hanged and shed upon the contravel praetensas literas commissionales hu cross; the same day afternoon, having
jusmodi, vel contra personas aliquorum vestrum, great rabblement with him his damnable quatenus liceat expediat sub protestatione sect, openly the pulpit within my diocese, praedicta, facultatem dictas praetensas literas did preach erroneously the people against commissionales forma originali inspiciendi, and maliciously inveighing against my set carum veram, integram, fidelem copiam de mon, denied the verity and presence Christ's bite exinde mihi fieri humiliter peto postulo true body and blood the same sacra prout juris est hac parte, tenore praesentium ment, and also falsely and untruly interpreted nihilominus testatum manifeste relinquens, quod and expounded my words. And especially, observantiam reverentiam, obedientiam where preached and affirmed the very true honorem, caetera quaecunque serenissimae body and blood our Saviour Jesus Christ Regia Majestati Domino mwo supremo has the said Sacrament, the sclf-same sub
contra formam tenorem earundem, vel contra
hac parte,
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661] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. —for opposing Reformation. [662
stance that was hanged and shed upon the cross, like ass, (as ass indeed) falsely changed and turned the word that into as, like ass, saying, that had said
hanged, and was shed upon the cross.
The Archbishop hereupon perceiving the
bishop's drift, and hearing him talk much the presence Christ's body and blood the sacrament, said unto him: My lord
thereunto, wherefore now shew what you have say for your defence.
Whereto the Bishop first asking the arch bishop had said and done, and again saying yea, made this answer: My lord,
the last day that appeared before you, re member there sat the king's majesty's com mission, your grace, you my lord Rochester, you master secretary Peter, and you naster dean Paul's, but now perceive there sitteth also master secretary Smith. Who because
London, speak much
Sacrament: what presence what presence you mean
presence there, and
the
Where with the bishop being somewhat stirred and moved
sat not the beginning, nor took there the Commission upon him, ought not do: for the law, they which begin must continue
mind, appeared his choleric countenance,
spake again the archbishop very earnestly the Commission. Whereupon the archbishop and said, What presence my lord? say and first answered, that was lawyer, and believe that there the very true presence otherefore could not certainly show what the the body and blood Christ. What believe law willeth that case, but saith he, the law you, and how you believe, my lord? Upon
which words the abp. because saw his answer
dark and subtil, and minding somewhat nip
the gross absurdity the Papists, asked him fur
ther whether were there, face, nose, mouth,
eyes, arms, and lips, with other lineaments
his body Whereat the bishop shaking his Then said master secretary Peter the head, said, Oh! am right sorry hear your
grace speak these words, and therewith boldly
urged the archbishop shew his mind therein.
Who wisely weighing the fond presumption
the party, with the place and occasion their ters from study the law, have perhaps for assembly, refused then do, saying, that gotten what the law will precisely this their being there that time was not dis point: but admit the law were you say, pute those matters, but prosecute their yet yourself knoweth, my lord, that this our
commission committed them their prince, certain rule law. Quod consuctudo and therefore willed him answer them unto
such things were objected against him. nor cannot deny, but that the custom coin
Whereupon, under his protestation, re monly this realm judgments and com
quired have copy both the commission, missions used the contrary; and very
and also the denunciation given unto him, deed together the court, having the
with time answer thereto. Which the com missioners willingly granted, assigning him there appear again before them upon Friday then next following, eight the clock before
commission presented unto took upon us; and therefore you stick such trifling matters you shall rather my judgment hurt
yourself and your matter, than otherwise— noon, and then answer the tenor the de Truly master secretary, said the bishop, have
nunciation. And for that day (he com also long while been disused, the study
plaining somewhat the shortness answer) they altogether departed.
Seeretary Peter, Secretary Smith, and the
Dean Paul's.
law, but having occasion, partly reason
his time
the Chapel Lambeth, before the Archbishop and other Jour Commissioners, the Bishop Rochester,
this matter turn my books say, and yet said,
the way, not minding
you that point. —At which words, master
secretary Smith said also unto the bishop Well my lord London, cunning you
make yourself the law, there here that know the law well you; and for my part
The second Appearance Bonner
find the law tell you hereof
Upon Friday the 13th Sept. aforenamed,
four commissioners, associated then also with have studied the law too, and promise you,
sir Thomas Smith knight, the other the king's two principal secretaries, and joint commis
summarily, depleno, and cut such frivo bishop's chapel within his house Lambeth. lous allegations. Well (said the bishop again) Before whom, according their former assign look well your commission, and you shall ment there and then appeared the bishop find therein these words, To proceed accord
London. To whom the archbishop, the ing the law and justice, and ask both law name the rest, first said, My lord London, and justice your hands. -
the last time you were before us, we laid cer Then master secretary Peter willed him
tain articles and matter your cbarge touch stand more thereupon, but proceed unto ing your disobedience the king's majesty, answer. Whereupon took forth writ and you have this day Kaake your answer ing, whereig was contained answer the
sioner with them, sat judicially the arch
indeed, surely take unrea sonable law. —Well, said the bishop, there here that know the law, and yet say not this
the intent stand stick much this point with you, but tell you were
the way; for have here mine answer ready.
bishop. My lord, good sooth must say unto you, that although have professed the law,
discontinuance and disuse thereof, and having been occupied long time other mat
juris interpres optimus, and am sure you will not,
these but quiddities and quirks invented delay matters, but our commission proceed
stick much with
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663] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [664
denunciation exhibited the day before by Lati Christ's blessed body upon the cross, calling mer and Hooper, and delivering it unto the arch mathematical, and excluding thereby the true.
bishop, said, that it was of his own hand and very substance thereof—3. Item, that the writing, and for lack of sufficient time written said Jo. Hooper both persevere and continueth so hastily and cursorily that it could scarcely still his said poisoned and wicked venomous be read of any other, and therefore he desired doctrine, points maintaining and defend to read it himself; and so taking it again, read ing the same and every part thereof the it openly, the copy whereof here followeth: ways can, specially against the presence
The Answer of Bishop Bonner made to the De Christ's blessed body the sacrament the . nunciation aforesaid. - Altar; and his said books, especially the said de
“I claration Christ and his Office, doth yet EDMUND bishop of London, concerning allow and maintain good and catholic, where
William Latimer and John Hooper, the pre indeed heretical, wicked and damnable: the tended denunciators of this matter here now contents of which doctrine and book so enti
before you, and for answer unto the unlawful, tled, the said Latiner, especially touching the untrue and uncharitable pretended denuncia heresy against the verity Christ's body and
tion of them, lately, indeed contrary to justice his true presence the sacrament the Altar, and good reason, exhibited here and read before hath heard,taught, read, preached, belicted, hol you, under protestation heretofore made by ine, den, maintained, and kept, and this present and read unto you, remaining in the acts of doth yet believe hold, maintain, and keep, con this court, unto which I refer me, and have trary the faith Christ's catholic church, and the same here again for repeated and rehearsed
to purposes agreeable the law, for my
necessary defence and help alledge and say
followeth. alledge and say, That the
said William Latimer and John Hooper,
either them, were not, nor now are
admitted any wise, virtue this any
other commission, denunciators against me church Christ, well this realm, also their bishop specially, for that they and either throughout Christendom, being excom
the unity the same observed amongst true Christian people, incuring thereby heresy, ex communication, and schism, the loss both of their souls and their believers. Item, that the said Latimer and Hooper, and either them, being these vile and detestable qualities, and consequently the ordinance the catholic
them have well before the time their municate and cast out thereby from the said
pretended denunciation, and also, then and
since been and vile and infamed, notorious
church, are not this pretended denunciation against me their bishop, nor any judicial act, admitted, nor yet accompanied
criminous persons, and also open and manifest
notable heretics, especially concerning the sa withal, answered unto, but are scripture, crament the catholic church, and namely and the order Christ's catholic church here in concerning the blessed sacrament the altar, this realm, utterly and truly excluded, by reason which their heresies they were and avoided, detested, eschewed, and abhorred,
the order the said catholic church,
here this realm England, justly and duly
excommunicated and accursed, and have divided
themselves thereby from the unity and in
tegrity Christ's catholic church, and for such
persons they have been and are named, re untruly deduce that they have made their said puted, and taken openly, notoriously and com pretended denunciation, not moved any malice
only amongst the catholic people this
realm England, and especially this city
London, familiarly haunting and conversant
with sacramentaries, and openly known con seem have great care and solicitude of, demned heretics, and favourers and abettors of where very deithey and such they are by
the same and their detestable and pestilent sundry ways, and specially their corrupt doctrine and heresy. Item, that the said doctrine, and heretical naughty preaching and John Hooper, amongst other his poisoned infecting the king's majesty's people, have
and venomous doctrine, and amongst other disturbed and greatly inquieted the good tran
his erroneous, detestable, and abominable
errors and heresies taught and spread abroad
here within this realm, infecting and poison
ing the king's subjects there with, hath before
the time the said pretended denunciation,
damuably and detestably made divers errone.
ous and heretical books, especially one, enti
tled declaration Christ and his office, first day September last past, after that the printed (as falsely surmiseth) Zurick, said bishop London had made the sermon Augustine friers, where many places here Paul's Cross, assemble maliciously, uncharita tically and damnably denieth the true presence bly, and unlawfully, great rabblement such
Christ's body the blessed sacrament the himself, within my diocese and jurisdic *ltar, and also effect denieth the verity tion, and under the colour reading, did
manner wise, faithful and true christian people, fearing God, and desiring the advancement the truth. Item, that where the said Latimer and Hooper, their said pre tended denunciation, amongst other things, do
evil will, but for the good tranquility and governance this realm, which, they pretend their gay and glorious proheine, they would
quillity and governance dently and notorious
this realm, evi well known; the truth
that this their saying false for notorious
evident and plain and lawfully shall be
proved, that the said Hooper, conspiring with the said Latinier and other heretics of their
factious sect and damnable opinion, did the
of
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665] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing Reformation. [666
openly and manifestly rail and inveigh against
me the said bishop, for my said sermon, not for any such matter, pretence, cause,
my lawful and necessary defence this behalf– Item, that case any such injunctions with
articles, after such form and fashion, had falsely and untruly surmised the said pre been delivered unto me surmised and pre
tended denunciation, but only and chiefly for
that the said bishop, became christian
tended, yet false and untrue that the said bishop either left out, refused declare the same for any such cause causes, falsely
man, especially him that had and hath cure and
charge his flock, faithfully and truly teach and untruly surmised the said pretended de
thein, did, taking occasion the communion nunciation, else perversely and negligently not frequented nor reverenced, but neglected did, likewise the said pretended denun
ciation dednced, which thing may well ap pear the discourse my said sermon, where
and contemned, confess and declare my faith and belief openly before my audience, touching the blessed sacrament of the altar ministered
the same communion, affirming the catholic
substance and effect declared faithfully and truly these points specially following; that teacheth, wit, against .
church affirmeth and that the
blessed sacrament the altar there the very prince get unto them damnation, and those true body our Saviour Christ, the self same that refuse the higher power resist the ordi
substance that hanged upon the cross, and nance God, and that dieth therefore
the very true blood our Saviour Christ, the
self same substance that was shed upon the
cross. Against which affirmation and assertion,
being catholic and true, the said Hooper (al
beit now colourably, and falsely, and foolishly
pretendeth another matter more plausible his ing the rebels Devonshire, Cornwall, Nor opinion and judgment sundry places the folk, and elsewhere within this realm, standing city and suburbs London) hath since that time doubt whether might put them the maliciously inveighed and taught, learning and place those that put trust themselves and teaching his audience heretically, being inany despised other, the place both,
number, and assembling great routs, doing they did, forgetting God, not duly reprove, contemn and despise the said blessed considering the king's majesty their supreme sacrament the Altar, and not have true head next and immediately under God, for and faithful belief hitherto always the getting their wives, their children, their kins catholic church hath ever had, the said Wm. folk, their alliance, acquaintance, and friends, Latimer, and the rabblement his complices, yea themselves, and their native country, and conspiring and agreeing points therein, and most unnaturally rebelling against their sove-, inducing other the same, not making any reign lord and king, whom God's law they such pretence all, they their said pre were bound love, serve, and faithfully obey;
that such rebel their
rebellion the word God utterl damned, and loseth both body and alledging for this purpose the 13th chapter
St. Paul the Romans, and large de claring unto the audience furthermore, speak
ries the king's majesty, otherwise, that the said surmise, such sort and fashion
moved also and induced Cain to kill his bro
falsely surmise and de did the best my power dissuade rebel
tended denunciation
duce, but only and chiefly offended for my said lion, and exhort the audience unto true obe
assertion, and affirmation the verity Christ's
body and blood the sacrament the altar. —
Item, that where the said Wm. Latimer and
John Hooper their said pretended denuncia wall, Devonshire, Norfolk, elsewhere, who
tion further reduce and falsely surmise that take upon them assemble power and force the said bishop London had delivered me against their king and prince, against the laws from the king's majesty, the hands the and statutes the realm, and went about lord protector's grace, and the rest the king's subvert the order the commonwealth, did majesty's council, certain injunctions with ar not only deserve therefore death, rebels and ticles insinuated and preached the traitors, butalso did accumulate unto them king's majesty's subjects certain day limited, selves eternal damnation, even the and after such sort, form, and manner, burning fire hell, with Lucifer the father and the said pretended denunciation surmised un first author pride, disobedience and rebel truly, deduced notorious and evi lion. And here did ask who had induced the dent,
well the tenour and continue said rebels thus which answered that writing which was me the said bishop another question, demanding who moved and London delivered the hands Thomas induced Eve take the apple and break her Smith knight, one the two principal secreta obedience against God's commandment who
ther Abel yea, who moved Judas the apostle betray his master Christ was not the referring me the tenour the said writing, devil? yes truly, and said that his which neither was signed with the king's ma great malice and hatred men and good order hath moved and induced these rebels this
deduced and made, not true this behalf,
jesty's hand, nor sealed with any his majesty's seal signet, nor yet subscribed any the
unnatural rebellion against their prince and sovereign lord. Whereupon asked what pre tences they had, and answering thereto, said
that amongst athur they had masses and holy
said council, delivered after such sort alledged and pretended, more evidently here after shall appear and suiliciently proved for
dience being thus commanded and rebel lion being like manner forbidden under pains eternal damnation, all these rebels Corn
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667] STATE TRIALS, 3 Epw. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [60s water, upon which exclaiming against them, bellion, made evil and unprofitable, putting
said, Good Lord! not this marvellous thing, palliate, colour, excuse, and maintain rebel
example the fact Saul reserving the fat sheep for sacrifice, and Korah, Dathan, and
Abirain, and also Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's
lion, and inobedience, pretend mass holy
water, who saith, that these things had two children, and the Galileans, whose blood
been instituted and ordained defend, main tain, and excuse rebellion, treason, and in
obedience, which told the audience they could not do. And thereupon brought four texts
alledging the 16th chapter
Numbers, the 15th chapter
Kings, the 10th chapter
fourth that myself added also, the 13th St.
Luke, joined with the 5th the Acts, setting
them forth the best could, one not much
exercised preaching, but restrained there
from. And here concluded, that whatsoever
pretences these rebels had masses, holy
water, such other, could not any wise
excuse defend their rebellion and obedi them, else their prayers shall but vain,
must join and with their devotion faithful scripture prove this thing that said, obedience, and then they shall win the gar
the book the first book
land, and otherwise have but zeal, sed non secundum scientiam, deserving thanks
Leviticus, and the
ence, referring myself herein the indifferent hearers the said audience. And here pull ing out writing, sent from the king's majesty's privy council unto me, touching the victory against the said rebels, which for brevity time my memory would not serve declare without book, did rehearse writing word
word. doing whereof well appeared,
that did not favour the opinion the said
rebels, nor maintain their enterprise, but con
trariwise did detest them and their doings,
declaring obedience better than sacrifice;
and that disobedience and rebellion nothing where with the said Latimer and Hooper, with could did please Almighty God. Further,
taking occasion the proud pharisee and the
humble publican ascending into the Temple
pray, and noting the outward and external said pretended denunciation untruly, and un doing them both, with the success thereof, charitably deduce and alledge, that my
declared the audience touching the order said sermon did intreat such things, most of the church and the external rites and cere should move and stir the people disorder
monies the divine service, that for much and dissention, doth hereby evidently and
God requireth humility heart, innocency
living, knowledge him, charity and love
faithfully made the loyal obedience sub his ministers, and the superior powers, we jects the king's majesty, the supreme and
must bring these things our prayers, sovereign lord, and the great peril and danger all our service, and that this the sacrifice rebellion committed subjects against
that Christ requireth, and that these the their king and prince and sovereign lord,
our neighbour, and obedience his word,
things that make other things pleasant Almighty God; further saying, that the externel rites are but exercises religion, and appointed
moving, provoking and stirring people discord and dissension, else that the athr
mation and assertion catholick the verity superior powers, and that the choosing Christ's body and blood the blessed sacra thereof we must obey the magistrates, and that ment the altar, set forth me afore, doth
we also see that those things ever have effect and work such disorder and dissension
been and shall divers, the time and place for evident those which indifferently and yet hath pleased God, long heard my said sermon, that (grounding my humility heart, innocency living, knowing self upon scripture, and taking occasion the God, charity and love our neighbour, Sunday then occurrent) did speak specially with obedience God’s word, God's ministers, and earnestly these two things, without tax
and superior powers, are concurrent and pre ing any man specially maine, other cir sent there with. --7. Moreover, then said, that cumstance, slander them thereby, and did
any man should use rites, and disobey thereby both set forth the obedience and duty all the superior powers, the devotion his cere subjects, generaliv their king, and specially
mony was made evil his disobedience. In subjects this realm the king's majesty soniuch that that which, standing the law, might that now whose minority people
Pilate did mire with their sacrifices. And
thereupon told the audience that they must herein especially two things: the first, they
praise God; and also they must with and their obedience join devotion, knowing that
God more doth require and consider the heart, then the outward doing. And thereupon ex
horted the audience, that when they came take the communion, hear say the service, appointed the king's majesty, they must bring devotion and inward prayer with
wanting and lacking that thing which God
requireth, that the heart and mind pray him. And herein because marvelled that
the communion was more frequented now a-days, and lamenting the unreverent coming
and using fearing that proceeded
evil opinion and belief touching the sacra ment the altar, ministered and distributed
the same communion, and the intent
make the people have better opinion than they seemed have, did faithfully, truly and
plainly declare my belief the said sacrament,
their complices, were much offended and aggrieved. —8. Item that where the said William Latimer and John Hooper further the
clearly appear, that either the said pretended denunciators do take and esteem declaration
good, was pride, disobedience, and re this realm more thau manifest, and also
be
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669]
STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550-for opposing the Reformation. [670
apparent, or evidently known to the whole the rest the sacraments world beside and also, did then declare and chiefly against the sacrament lay open the imminent danger and great peril were for the same the orders
the church,
the altar; and the church
rebellion subjects against the high powers excommunicated and accursed, and were
and authority, and also specially the rebellion taken the catholics this realm, and es
late committed them Devonshire, Corn pecially Hooper; who, besides other his poi
wall, Norfolk, and elsewhere, against the king's
majesty that now which would not have done, except both had believed that the king's subjects without exception were bound
obey the king's majesty even now was, and shall be, during his life, which our
Lord long preserve our comforts and wealth, and also that the rebellion late committed against his majesty was damn
soned doctrine and heresy amongst the people, had also before the time of the denunciation made divers erroneous and heretical books against the true presence Christ's body
the sacrament the altar, and did also con tinue the same, allowing and maintaining
good and catholic. Which books and doc trine, chiefly against the sacrament the altar, William Latimer had and then likewise did al low, believe, and teach, the loss both
able, and utterly detestable and condemned
God's law; and herein refer me the indiffe their own souls, and also their believers, and rent hearers this my sermon, wishing that therefore were not now morought any time
this Latimer, and Hooper, with
the rest be admitted either this their denunciation faithfully, against him, any other judicial act; and always that the rather also, because that although they
these new preachers, did mean
truly, obediently and catholicy,
have done toward the king's majesty, his pretend their denunciation, that they made honour, authority, royal power, and surety
his person and realm, and did not more move,
incourage, and stir the king's majesty's sub
clared the injunctions and articles aforesaid, their denunciation, but because had and that did appear unto their judg his sermon declared, the catholic church ments; say, that their judgments are cor taught, that the sacrament the altar there rupted and only set slander and picking was the very true body and bleod Christ, quarrels this behalf, being well assured and the same substance that was hanged and
credibly informed that and honest catholic persons
the worshipful shed upon the cross.
-
thing purpose evil will, that might
the satisfaction people both good and bad every condition and point, specially this behalf, collecting and gathering together, with
own hand, neither sealed with his highness's
seal signet, nor yet subscribed any his council, &c.
not the same any malice evil will towards him, but for the good tranquillity and quiet go vernance this realm, yet was notoriously known, that well the same day afternoon
jects sedition, tumult, and inobedience,
their erroneous doctrine and teaching, than
did any time encourage, Inode, stir any Cross Paul's, also sundry other times, them any wise; give occasion any they two, conspiring with other their faction, the same. —9. Item, where the said Wm. did maliciously and unlawfully within his dio Latimer and John Hooper falsely surmise cese assemble together great rabblement
their pretended denunciation, that was such themselves were, and there under the light ground looked for, that the said colour reading did openly rail and inveigh bishop London should more apertly have de against him, not for any the causes pretended
which the said bishop preached the
my said audi Then, after these vain and frivolous allega touching obe tions against the denouncers, cometh and
ence were fully satisfied both
dience the king's majesty
and minority, and also touching the penalty ciation, and saith, that where they the same and great peril punishments for the rebellion
his tender age answereth the substance of their denun
lately committed against the said majesty
the foresaid rebels. And moreover
say, that before my lord protector's grace, and
the rest the king's majesty's most honour
able council then present, made my excuse
and alledged many impediments for my not tion, such sort was deduced, was most preaching the cross, and did not further pro false and untrne, for that the articles delivered mise but the best could, which my unto him Thomas Smith, one the king's
fidelity and conscience did, not omitting any secretaries, were neither signed with the king's
Where mark, beseech you, the subtilty all diligent study, that might make, my disloyal papist, who, because the articles
judgment and opinion, for the better setting were not sealed the king and his council, forth of the same. ” would make them therefore not any
Thus have you Bonner's Answer the De such force, that the breach thereof should nunciation aforesaid wherein first alledg cause him incur the danger contemptuous ed, rather shamelessly and slanderously ca disobedience. But admit they were not signed villed, that those his denouncers were vile, in nor sealed, which thing the way the famed and notorious criminous persons, and denunciation there mention yea nay, also open and manifest heretics, well against yet manifest the second bill articles
falsely surmise that there were delivered unto him from the king's majesty, the hands
the lord protector and the rest his high ness's council, certain injunctions and articles
published and declared unto the people, day limited the same, their informa.
as
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671] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [672
ministered unto him by the commissioners, in
the fourth act of his process, that at such time
as he was before the council, those articles
were by the commandment of the lord protec whereby
tor, openly there read unto him by one of the nouncers either took his catholic assertion of secretaries, and after addition of the article the verity Christ's body and blood the
concerning the king's lawful power and autho
rity during his young years, were also delivered
unto him by the hands of the lord protector,
in the presence of the rest of the council; who
thus receiving them promised there faithfully bellion committed against him, the cause
to accomplish the contents thereof. After disorder and dissension; for that, saith he, which, they were again delivered unto secre these two points chiefly spake, and espe tary Smith, amend such things therein cially obedience the king whose ini the lord protector and the rest the council nority was more than manifestly known,
had there appointed. Which being according well amongst the people this realm, else done, bishop himself the last re where throughout the oworld besides; which ceipt thereof confessed, were finally delivered would not have done, except had believed,
unto him the secretary; -and therefore was that both all his subjects were bounden
this but poor shift. obey him, even Now, after this, maketh supposition,
that case were true, that the injunctions
were delivered him according their informa
tion: yet was untrue that did omit re wished that his two denouncers, with all the fuse declare the same for any such causes rest the new preachers, did mean faith
ced their pretended denunciation, that his
sermon should stir
did intreat such things most unto disseusion and tumult; appeared unto him, that his de
sacrament the altar, else his faithful de
claration made the obedience subjects unto the king's majesty their supreme and so
vereign lord, with the peril and danger re
was and should be during his life, and also that the rebellion
late committed against him was detestable and condemned God's word and therefore
they had alledged against him, and that did
fully, obediently, and catholicly towards the king's honour, royal power, and surety per son, did, and had not more moved the
his sermon, said, the
well appear the discourse
which tendered principally,
disallowing and condemnation
and chiefly the rebels Devonshire, and Cornwall,
this realm England
their allegiance and duty unto their prince, as whereas his aforesaid denouncers surmise, that signed them God's word their supreme was light ground looked for,
head, their natural love and care for their appeared their judgments, that should country, wives, children, and kinsfolk, did both more apertly have declared the contents the deserve death bodily traitors, and also accu injunctions and articles than did, that their mulate unto themselves damnation body judgments were that behalf corrupted and and soul eternally with Satan, the father and set slander and picking quarrels for first mover rebellion and disobedience; was well assured, and credibly informed, that and here withal further exclaiming against the his honest and catholic audience were fully pretences those rebels, who amongst other satisfied, both touching their obedience the things pretended the mass and holy water, king's majesty his tender age, and also con with such like, which were never ordained for cerning the great penalty and peril that the the purpose
said Numbers,
Norfolk, Suffolk, elsewhere with Who forgetting
Then finally concluded and said, that
rebels, people tumults and disobedience their
erroneous doctrine and teaching, than he had any time given any occasion thereunto.
colour and maintain rebellion, late rebels incurred their disobedieuce. And then proved out the 16th besides that, when was before the lord pro Reg. 15, Levit.
10, and Luke tector and the rest the council, after he had
the best manner that made his excuse, and alledged many impedi ing, but restrained therefrom, but having humi did not then further promise but the best
13, and Acts
could, one not exercised greatly preach ments for his not preaching the cross,
lity heart, innocency living, knowledge
God, love our neighbours, with obedience God's word, ministers, and superior powers
concurrent with them, they being external rites and ceremonies the church, were exercises religion, and appointable superior powers;
unprofitable. -
And here he further said because he saw the
people slack coming the communion and
divine service set forth the king's majesty, godly law, but law the bishop Rome, and the intent he would make thern have For, said he, my matter and cause good, better opinion the sacrament than thought what should care who accuse me, yea they had, then faithfully did declare his be though were the devil hell. —No sir, said lief therein. Wherewith his denouncers being the bishop London, the king's law used wfcaded, they uncharitably and untruly dedu the realm. —Well my lord (said the archbi
and yet that, which, standing the law, might
good, was pride and disobedience made evil would have earnestly had the denouncers
could, which hath his fidelity and conscience accomplished, not omitting anything purpose evil will, that might satisfy the
people
any point concerning the premises. was thus reading these answers,
Whilst objecting
against his denouncers such causes and quarrels before alledged, for which
repelled the commissioners, the archbi shop Canterbury replied, That there were any such law, thought not good
it
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673] : STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing Reformation. [674
shop) too full your law; would wish
you had less knowledge that law; and more
knowledge God's law, and your duty. —
Well, answered the bishop again, seeing your
grace falleth wishing, can also wish many Monday the 16th September, 1549, the things your person. archbishop associated with the bishop Ro
Then spake secretary Peter the bishop chester, secretary Smith, and Dr. May dean
touching these denouncers, we are not strait Paul's, sat judicially within his chapel Lam
this matter, but that may proceed beth before whom there and then appeared against you, either their promotion, with the bishop London, according was as
signed the last session: which time exhibited unto the commissioners writing his answers unto the last former articles. —But be
out then our pleasure. —A God's name then, said Bonner, put them by, and then your
F.
you wot not what you would have follow said unto him, that his late answers, made the your mind these quiddities and quirks; and 13th Sept. unto the Denunciation were very
nothing else but delay justice. And you herein thieves, murderers, and trait ors, not have the truth known. —Say you
me, quoth the bishop thank you. Well
obscure, and therewith also contained much matter slander against Latimer and Hooper, and much untruth, and therefore they desired there purge themselves. Whereupon Lati mer, first obtaining leave speak, said, that the bishop London had most falsely, untruly, and uncharitably accused him, laying lis charge many fained and untrue matters his former answers the denunciation, and such
should never able prove. For where his said answer alledged, that Hugh
could say somewhat the place be, but
you also, were pass.
not my you
matter, fear not,
make for have your own hand-writing my discharge, which when shall sce time, shall shew forth. —My hand quoth the secre
not evil
The Form and Tenor of the Articles ministered
shall be, you me right, for ask
right. —Nay, said secretary Smith, you ask fore the same were there read, the archbishop
unto the Bishop London, the King's Commissioners.
tary. Let me see and read openly.
shall, said the bishop, when shall see Latimer and John Hooper, with other heretics
time. Then said Mr. Smith, you use thus conspiring against him, did the first day Sep
cunning lawyer. Indeed, quoth tember after the bishop's sermon assemble the bishop, knew the law, ere you could read themselves together unlawfully against the said
seen
With that, secretary Peter willed the bi bishop, that saying his was most untrue. shop proceed reading his answers; who For neither that day, nor yet before that day,
did, and when had finished, Latimer de nor until certain days after ever knew livered writing paper unto the archbi spake with Hooper. And touching his own shop and the rest the commissioners; who reaching there, openly accused the bishop, then said unto the bishop London, here said never held, taught, preached any certain articles which we intend minister thing concerning the blessed sacrament, other
unto you. The bishop therewith said, you wise than ought do, nor otherwise than
minister them your office, the promo according
tion these men: (pointing Latimer and
Hooper) for perceive they gave them unto
you. Nay, said secretary Peter, we will minister
them unto you, officio mero, and therefore
took oath the bishop fideliter respon
dendo. Who desiring copy the articles,
required also competent time given
unto him make answer thereunto. —To whom his charge. Then Master Hooper, upon like
licence obtained, said this effect:
“This ungodly man, pointing the bishop,
hath most uncharitably and ungodly accused me before your grace and this audience, and hath laid my charge that am heritic. Whereas take God record, never spake, read, taught, preached any heresy, but only the most true and pure word God. And where saith, frequent the company here
used his own council and books, and yet my tics, much marvel his saying: for
secretary Peter replied, saying, my lord here certain the articles touching your own
fact, which you may answer unto forthwith whether you wrote your sermon not before
Whereunto the bishop an wrote not, but drew cer Then those council, said he,
you preached
swered, that
tain notes
and advice used you making your sermon To which also answered, that had therein
chaplains, quoth he, much suspected doings many things, and sometimes
my hath pleased my lord protector's grace, my singu for lar good lord and master, and my lady's grace, have me with them, and have preached be
theirs, when there cause why.
These words ended, the commissioners as fore them, and much used their company, with
signed him Monday the 16th September then divers other worshipful persons, and therefore
next following, appear before them, and suppose this man meaneth them. And fur make his full answers unto all the Articles mi ther, whercas he saith that have made here
nistered unto him them this day, the con tical books against the blessed sacrament the tents whereof are followeth; body aud blood Christ, calling mathcala
WQL.
the scriptures, and true catholic Christ's church; and therefore offered tried the archbishop, other such learned men should please the king's
faith himself
majesty, and further quartered,
the said commissioners appoint; suffer, hanged, drawn, and
the bishop could justly prove true the things that had there shamefully laid
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675] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [676
tical, I perceive that this man knoweth not what this word mathematical there meaneth,
and therefore understandeth not my book: which, I take God to be my judge, I have made truly and sincerely, and according to his holy
one clean void humanity, turned himself about unto the people, saying, Well, now hear what the bishop London saith for his part. But the commissioners, seeing his inordinate con tumacy, denied him speak any Inore, saying, that used himself very disobediently, with
word : and by the same his holy word and scrip
tures I am always and shall be ready to submit more like words. -Notwithstanding, still myself to your grace's judgment and the supe persisting his unreverent manner dealing rior powers to be tried; with many such more with the commissioners, pulled out his sleeve words of like importance. ” Which ended, the another book, and then said unto the arch archbishop, to shorten this matter, asked the bishop; My lord Canterbury, have here bishop how he could prove that Hooper and note out your books that you made touching Latimer assembled together against him the the blessed sacrament, wherein you affirm first of September, as he had alledged, seeing the verity the body and blood Christ
they now denied and therefore willed him answer forthwith thereunto.
The bishop then answered, that would duly
rove that might admitted according law, and with that pulled out
the sacrament, and have another book also yours the contrary opinion; which
marvellous matter. —To the which the arch
bishop answered, that made books con
trary one another, and that would defend his sleeve certain books, saying, have this his books, howbeit thought the bishop un
varlet's books which made against the blessed Sacrament which you shall hear. Then
was turning certain leaves thereof Hooper began again speak: but the bishop, turn ing himself towards him, tauntingly said, put
derstood them not: for promise you, quoth he, will find boy ten years old, that shall
more apt understand that matter than you my lord London be.
This after much multiplying like words, the your pipes, you have spoken for your part, commissioners, thinking not good spend any will meddie more with you, and there more waste time with him, willed him shew with read certain sentence upon the book. forth his Answers unto the Articles objected
Which done, said, Lo here you may see his the last day against him. Whereupon, opinion, and what At which words the having them ready, did read the same openly
people standing behind, and socing his unre
verent and unseemly demeanour and railing, fell suddenly into great laughing. Whereat the bishop being moved, and perceiving not the cause wherefore they did laugh, turned him
towards them cocks, woodcocks.
them. Wherein after many words
his former Protestation recited, with nar vellous lamentation see that one of his
vocation, the malicious denunciation vile
heretics, should used after such strange great rage, saying, Ah wood sort, having nevertheless done the best he could declare his obedience unto the king's ma jesty for the repressing and discouraging re
the commissioners, why say Marry, quoth he, may well call them woodcocks, that thus will laugh, and
Then said one you my lord
bellion and rebels, and also for the advancement the verity Christ's true body and his pre sence the sacrament the altar, for which
know not whereat, not yet heard what said
read. Well my lord London, said the arch only the malicious denouncers with their com bishop, then perceive you would persuade plices had studied molest and trouble him,
this audience, that you were called hither for preaching your belief the sacrament the
altar, and therefore you lay these men's charge, meaning Hooper and Latimer, that
they have accused you that. Howbeit, there was such thing laid your charge, and
then coneth answering the Articles, and
saith, that the first, second, and fourth,
hath already former Answers the De nunciation sufficiently answered, and therefore was not bound law answer any further.
As the third, and fifth, said, began write his sermon, but being soon weary,
therefore this audience shall hear openly read
the denunciation that put against you, did only make certain notes thereof, without the intent they may the better perceive your help any other, saving that shewed them
dealing herein. And therewithal said unto his chaplains, requiring them put him the people, My lord London would make remembrance thereof. Amongst the which, for you believe, that called hither for declar the better setting forth the king's majesty's ing and preaching his opinion touching the sa power and authority his minority, had crament the altar: but the intent you may collected well out histories, also out perceive how goeth about deceive you, the Scriptures, the names divers young kings, you shall hear the denunciation that laid who, notwithstanding their minority, were faith against him read unto you, and thereupon fully and obediently honoured, and reputed for delivered the denunciation unto sir John Ma very true and lawful kings; Henry being son knight, who there read openly. Which but nine years old, Edward being but done, the archbishop said again unto the audi years, Richard being but eleven years, Henry ence, Lo, here you hear how the bishop Lou 6th being not fully one year, Edward 5th being
don called for no such matter persuade you.
With this the bishop being
he would raging heat
but years, Henry 8th being but years age. And out the Old Testament, Osias and Achas who were but years old, Solomon
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677] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. -for opposing Reformation. [678
and Manasses being but years, Josias, Jon causes, especially the good and tranquillity chim, and Josas, being but years age when this realm, which our Lord God knoweth they they entered their reigns. All which notes care nothing for, but contrarywise let and with many other had purposed declare, impeach the same, corrupting and infecting
they had come into his memory, indeed with their poisoned and false doctrine, and they did not, because the same was disturbed, teaching the king's subjects this realm, partly for lack use preaching, and partly the great peril and danger thereof many ways; by reason bill that was delivered him answer unto certain pretended Articles and
from the king's council, declare the victory Interrogations ministered you indeed unto then had against the rebels Norfolk and me the said bishop the 13th Sept. 1349, Devonshire, which, being some good length, followeth.
confounded his memory; and partly also for “To the first Article objected against me,
that his book his sermon time fell away say and for answer refer me unto my former from him, wherein were divers his notes Answers heretofore, that wit, the 13th of which had collected for that purpose: Sept. made and exhibited me before you that could not remember what would, unto the said pretended denunciation, touching but
generality persuaded the people this matter; alledging withal, that report obedience the king's inajesty, whose mi things doth not absolutely prove, nor necessa
nority was manifestly known them" and rily infer things very deed true after all other. such sort, fashion, manner, and form,
Then the sixth, said knew not the sometimes they reported and rehearsed. — rebels opinion, and therefore could not answer To the second, answer and say, that this thereunto. And for answer the seventh, Article doth depend on the first Article next eighth, ninth, and eleventh Articles which touch before, which after such sort, fashion, manner, ed his pastoral office, said, that notwith and form deduced, was justly me, standing his manifold and great troubles,
well his own business and his family's sick
ness, also uncharitable informations made
against him, yet hath not failed give order
unto his officers straightly look unto such piece
The ANswers jected him
my answer made unto the same, denied, and therefore now not bounden the law eftsoons make other answer thereunto. —To the third,
answer and say, that began write
my sermon, and being soon weary did leave off, and did make only cer
my said sermon, and put the same writing mine own hand, without
Bonner unto the ART1cles
the King's Commissioners, both before and also since my said sermon,
matters, and such
were very few none,
according the laws.
with other written with his own hand, here under follow.
hath known, which caused punished
thereof,
tain notes
notes
help counsel any other, and the same notes did shew unto my chaplains, Master Gilbert Bourne and Master John Harpsfield,
All which Answers,
only desiring them put me remembrance my said notes, and process made there London, under pro upon, and also search out for me the names kings were their minority when
repeated before you, which ny sayings they began reign. —To the fourth, an
the first time.
“I
EDMUND, bishop testation heretofore
me made, exhibited and such
and doings intend have for repeated and swer and say, that this Article doth depeed
rehearsed again lawful effects and pur upon the first and second Articles here before
poses for my honest and necessary defence. denied, deduced such sort, manner, and
with protestation also the nullity and ini form, expressed the same, and moreover
quity your process had made this behalf, say, that already answer made hereunto
and likewise the generality, incertainty, ob me, my former answers made the said
scurity, contrariety, repugnancy, variety, in pretended denunciation. —To the fifth,
sufficiency, and invalidity the things alledged answer and say, that this Article also doth de
and deduced before you against me, well pend upon the first and second Articles, and the commission and denunciation divers that answer made thereunto me already
parts, also touching the articles and interro gatories ministered unto me; lamenting not little, that one my vocation, the malici
my former answers made unto the said pre tended denunciation. And noreover say, that for the better advancement and setting
ous denunciation of vile heretical and detestable forth the king's majesty's royal power and persons, should used after this strange sort, authority even his minority, and for the due
having done the best could declare mine obedience his majesty's subjects unto his obedience unto the king's most excellent ma highness, even during the said minority, had
jesty, for the repressing and discouraging re collected together well out histories,
bellion and rebellious persons, and for the ad vancement the verity Christ's true body and his presence the most blessed Sacra ment the altar. For which only the malici ous denunciators with their complices have studied molest and trouble me; although colourably they would seen pretend other
also out the Scripture the Old Testament, the names divers kings being minority, who, notwithstanding their said minority, were faithfully, duly, and reverently obeyed, ho noured, served, taken and reputed for very true and lawful kings, Henry the 3d, being but nine years old when entered reign and
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679] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [680
govern as king. Edward the 3d, being but 13 years of age. Richard the 2d, being but 11 years of age. Henry the 6th, being not fully one year of age. Edward the 5th, being but 11 years old. Henry the 8th, being about 18 years old ; and so these kings being their minority the king's majesty that now and yet having authority and power legal, ap pertaineth; and the Old Testament, Osias and Achas were very true kings their mino rity, being but years age; Solomon and
Manasses being but years age Josias
and Joachim being but years age, and
Joas being but years old which things
say had collected notes, communicating the
same with my said two chaplains, and praying minous and culpable persons me, my them put me remembrance, number officers, there hath been process already made ing them, setting forth my other notes
the time my sermon, did fail, have default memory anywise. And these things would have specially set forth my said sermon they had come my memory,
indeed they did not, partly for disturbance my memory not accustomed preach
that place, partly also reason certain writing that was sent me from the king's ma jesty's privy council, being good length, declare unto the people touching the victory against the rebels, specially Norfolk, Devon shire, and Cornwall, contounding my memory
before my said officers, appeareth my
the Latin tongue, after the old rite and manner, except the house my lady Mary's grace, the houses the ambassadors,
yet there nor any them, but flying and not assured report, and without knowing the names and persons that have heard, been
celebrate the same, and this behalf how far can and ought proceed and after what sort, refer me unto the statute late made
that behalf—To the eighth, answer and
say, that this Article doth depend the next ar ticle going before, and consequently answer
already thereunto made. —To the ninth,
answer and say, that touching such either have been denounced detected for such cri
register, and the acts my court: and more over, have given express commandment
my said officers, enquire and search for more such offenders, and certify me thereof, that
may proceed against them accordingly. —To the tenth, answer and say, That touch ing the time mentioned the Article, and the declaration made doctor Cox,
not well remember either the same time, yet the special points and substance the said doctor Cox's declaration truth was sermon made Paul's cross the said doctor
things which before had set good order, Cox, wherein inveighed against my lord
and partly also for the falling away my book Winchester, and far can now call my the time my said sermon, which were remembrance, was touching disobedience,
contained divers my said notes touching the where with my lord Winchester the said king's inajesty's minority, aforesaid, hav doctor Cox seemed charged, and for
ing yet nevertheless otherwise, generality sermon also that my lord Winchester was and speciality, persuaded the people obedi seeming have made before the king's majesty ence, unto the king's said majesty, whose mino the court of Westminster. —To the eleventh rity them and other notoriously and Article being itself delivered unto me the manifestly known, and his majesty, saving 14th this present Sept. 1549, the night
these late rebels, faithfully, truly, and reve my house London beginning thus, Item, that
rently obeyed
To the sixth,
knowing certainly
meaneth, yet what their opinion indeed, make diligent search and enquiry herein, and ought not driven make answer here certify accordingly, the intent may pro unto, yet can make good and perfect answer ceed therein appertaineth, and would before therein though would. —To the seventh, this time myself have also inquired and pro answer and say, that albeit have the ceeded, had not been sides oppressed
space these five weeks last past and more, and pestered with multitude other necessary
the rest his subjects. — the rites, &c. and ending thus, The misuses answer and say, that not thereof; answer and say, that have al
which Rebels the article ready given coinmandment my officers
manner continually business and well providing for my said ser
business, have been, my great disquiet ness and trouble. ”
been
trouble,
mon,
family, much vexed with sickness, my great swers, the commissioners said unto him that disquietness and charge, and also reason
otherwise, specially reason my When had ended the reading these An
that have been so much troubled and cum
bered informations and complaints unjustly and uncharitably made against me, over and
besides the having divers and sundry per sons, which daily resort and come unto me for their suits and business, both matters jus tice rnd otherwise, yet have not omitted
my archdeacons and other my enquire and search diligently this certify me accordingly, and yet
had the same very obscurely answered unto the fifth article ministered the 13th Sept.
send forth officers, behalf, and
Whereunto already made
writing,
again answered, That
full and sufficient was bound make
had answer law. —
The Judges then replied, that the answers al cannot hear certainly any that have heard, ready made that part were obscure and in heen at, celebrated masses even song sufficient, that appeared not certainly
wherefore they willed him there expressly answer mouth, whether had, according
the injunctions delivered unto him, declared the Article beginning thus, You shall also set forth your sermon that our authority, &c.
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6s1) STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing Roformation. [682
whether had preached indeed according protestations heretofore made before you, the same injunction not; and therefore they minister these interrogatories insuing, against eftsoons willed him, before, directly an and singular the pretended witnesses already
accordingly preached received and sworn, hereafter received no, the bishop still yet answering before. - and sworn against me the said bishop this The Judges again demanded him, whether matter, requiring and desiring under the said
swer whether had
he would otherwise answer or no. To the which said, no, unless the law did compel him. Then they asked him whether thought the law did compel him answer more fully
protestation, that and singular the said pre
tended witnesses may examined virtue their oath upon the said interrogatories, and every part and parcel them. That
no? He answered, no; adding further that and singular the said witnesses virtue he was not bound answer such positions. their oath examined generally and specially The commissioners, then seeing his froward and singular interrogatories, commonly
contumacy, told him plainly, that persist used and accustomed be made such mat ed thus kis frowardness, and would not other ters, especially touching their age, their condi wise answer, they would according law take tion, their dwelling place, now and heretofore,
him pro confesso, and abundanti receive wit the space these twelve years last past, ness against him, and there withal did recite with whom this time they have also dwelled, again him six the first and principal Arti and been familiar conversant, with the cles, demanding his final answer thereunto. names and the places and persons and other
Who said, before, that had already fully circumstances expedient this behalf, and answered them writing; but where they whom they have been found and maintained, quested have his notes, which said had and for what purpose. interrogentur con made his sermon, they should have them junctim, divisim, quolibet. Item, Touch
they would send for them. And whereas his ing the pretended articles made this behalf, answer the sixth article he doubted what and injunctions mentioned the same, that
the opinion the rebels was, the Judges de they and every them, virtue the said clarcd unto him that their opinion was, ‘That oath, may examined whether they know the king's majesty, before his grace came the their said articles and injunctions true age years, had not full authority make parts, how they know them true, laws and statutes, when he came further whom, when, and what place deposing the years; and that his subjects were not bound formal words the said pretended articles and
obey the laws and statutes made his young injunctions especial they are deduced. age. ’ Whereunto the bishop answered, that The first article. And therein let them depose he was not the opinion the rebels men how they know the said articles and in tioned that article, did well appear junctions received from the king's ma his answers well unto the denunciation, jesty, how also they knew that the said also unto the fifth article objected against him. bishop received the said injunctions the
Which ended, they, perceiving his scornful hands the Lord Protector's grace. How also carelessness, presently did admit for witness, they were sitting the council chamber; upon the articles objected against him, master Moreover which were the rest of the council John Cheke, Henry Markham, John Joseph, then sitting, specifying their names and sir John Dowglas, and Richard Chambers, whom names, titles. Also whether the 10th of also they onerated with corporal oath upon August this present year, the last year, the holy evangelists, truly answer and de moreover whether the articles injunctions pose upon the same articles the presence were joined together, apart, whether the the bishop, who under his former protestation, tenour thereof and the form and manner of like wily lawyer, protested the nullity the doing and following, touching me the said the receiving, admitting, and swearing those bishop and also touching the preaching there witnesses, with protestation also object unto, was deduced the first article, de against the persons and sayings the witnesses claring moreover, when, where, and how, the
time and place convenient competent and lawful time
demanding also said bishop accepted the said injunctions, minister inter promised observe and follow the same, and
rogatories against them,
acts that day. Wherewith the delegates
‘. . .
Item, whether the said witnesses
eruse, may hereunder read the same oweth
Certain Interrogatories erhibited Bonner
upon the Articles above inentioned the 18th September.
“I
EDMUND
bishop
London,
under
my
came thither
departed thence, interrog.
with
copy
the
what
were well pleased, and assigned him minis them were present my last sermon made ter his interrogatories against master Cheke on Paul's Cross, where they then stood, whom,
that present day, and against the rest the next when they came and what part
said sermon, how long they tarried thereat,
the
day before moon.
All which Interrogatories who listeth
what part thereof they were offended, fol what were the formal words, the least wise substance, that said the bishop then uttered wherewith they were offended, and what ministered against the foresaid Witnesses, occasion, and who with him them did hear and what place their contests did stand, how long they tarried, and what part they
words, interrog. supra
any
of
a
as
or
be inof be
in or in de
all
of in
to|
3. by
of of
asby
if re
be
:
to
ain to oror a of
to
it, orin
all
by of all
all
at or or at 3 at
or or
to in2.
to inin1. in be
toof to as all
to
of tohe
to
to
or at Iinit,
or to be of
as the
to as is
or
toor
all & in or
as in Etin in
of of
he
if
ut
byofI at
I betoof be
by or
ut at atof or
in
of
he
in 21 toof to to
in
he
he he
of as
of
as
of
he
byso intoas
a to ;
in to
to
he he
of
be
to heof& all
as so
er
so as or
byin
by
ofall of
do
to in
by
of
to
to
of
683] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [684
supra—4. Item, whether the said witness or they or any of them do depose that I have any of them were desired or required by any transgressed and offended touching the fifth ar person or persons, to be witness in this matter, ticle, let them and every them examined, and by whom, when, where and how the same virtue their oath, whether the injunctions was done, and in whose presence, & interrog. pretended this behalf were signed with the ut supra. -5. Item, whether they or any of king's usual signet, rather all, whether them had consulted with other to come unto was sealed with any seal, whether
my sermon, for what purpose, by whom they
were induced and moved, and how they agreed,
and what they did after my said sermon for the
ut supra-6. Item, whether they or any of the king's majesty's privy council there then
them have been or be conversant or familiar sitting, whether the said days contained with any that hath been known, noted, or re the fifth article, whom was written, when,
puted for a sacramentary, in denying the verity and where, interrog. supra. -14. Item,
impugnation or depraving thereof, & interrog. tor, whether was delivered me, the rest
of Christ's true and corporal presence in the they any
sacrament of the altar, and whether he and
they detest and abhor and abstain from the company of such persons known,
noted, suspected for sacramentaries that behalf, and what opinion and they have with their contests touching the said presence, in terrog. supra-7. Item, whether they
any them have wished me the said bishop deprived put prison, and whether they
any them have reported and said that
shall deprived imprisoned, rejoicing there tended injunctions, certain persons within my
of, and for what cause they have reported, any their contests,
supra. —8. Item, whether they
wished interrog.
any
diocese have heard, been at, celebrate mass even-song the Latin tongue, and after the old rite and manner, other than according the
them have been times past frier, preacher, king's majesty's book, them and every Minorite, Augustine, Carmelite, monk, ca them examined, virtue his said oath, how
non-observant, religious person, professing they know that know have heard say, and
poverty, chastity, and obedience,
the laws, customs, ordi
solemnly according nances
the name names the party parties, the time and place when, and where
any them, being professed have been be since that time married any erson having, likewise otherwise, been pro
essed loose, been widow, and how oft they have been married, and whether any
this realm, made unto me no, interrog.
yet alive, interrog. supra. 10. Item, whether they any them have read the commission this matter, and whether
say, that know have heard say such no table adulterers and offences mentioned in the
9th article, let them and every them exa mined, virtue his and their oath, what they
know that know, have heard say, and who the persons, where they dwell, who
their wives
they any them know think, that the bath denounced detected them, and how
commission, injunctions, articles, and denuncia tion agree together no, and wherein they think know discrepances, diversities
could and ought have cited them and punish them this behalf, interrog. supra
17. Itein, whether they any them say
between them this behalf, interrog. su that know certainly now, what Dr. Cox de
pra. -11. Item, they, any them de pose, that have not sincerely and wholly de
clared his sermon Paul's cross, de duced the 10th article, let them enquired
and every them, virtue their oath, how they can prove whom, and after what sort, interrog. supra-18. Item, they any
them say, That know hear cer tainly the diversity the rites the common service the church, now set forth, and the ministers and parsons transgressing therein, let them and every them virtue their oath,
clared contained him and every them their oath, how they
the second article, let examined, virtue
know and what means, declaring whom they think have
knowledge therein with them, interrog. supra. -12. Item, they any them de pose that have transgressed and offended
the fourth article beginning thus, Item, that
have not declared, &c. Let them and every
them examined, virtue their oath, whe
ther they know that these words following,
mattins, masses, now said after that sort this been culpable and negligent herein, interrog. realin, were and put the injunction pre supra. —19. Item, whether they any tended be ministered unto me the said bi then have been spoken unto solicited berein shop no, interrog. supra. -13. Item, testify, and after what sort, whom, when,
scribed the lord protector's grace, the privy council, whether was
was sub any
full coun sitting delivered unto me the lord protec
them depose that defend the rebels, them examined,
them, what rebels they be, what their opinion, and how the law this realm doth determine therein, deelaring what words and facts the said bishop did speak and do, and what time and place, and whose pre done, any
the opinion and every
sence such words acts were spoken interrog. supra-15. Item, they
them depose that know say credibly that, since the time
heard
and
was, and whether any denunciation detection
this realm, then used and observed,
interrog. supra-9. Item, whether they were, according the statutes and ordinances
supra. —16. Item, they any
them do
examined whether there hath been any de tection denunciation made me thereupon, and how they know can prove that have
have
the said pre
&
bein if
of be
or
ut to
or all oforin
ut in
in
dobe or
or doin
or& or
a so
if
I toor utof of or of&
byor
or&
indo or of
oflet I ut or
as to by at
of
it of
of or& ut orbe
orbe ordooror beof
to as orofofutor
I isI of or
of ifin
or in or
or
of &oror a
he
as ofyein ut
to ut be of&
be of ed do
of or
of& it, of of
as or be
to byin
ut ; or
indodoutto &in to
of inI
orof in inI
ofbe
to
of
of
or or
ofof& or or
oforif in by
of be
of if of or
I is
or do or
be
be
I as
ut
in it
if in of of it
do of ut
do
I orI in ut ofof it
it,
toor doof or to so or by in
byin
or
or orof letititof
oforisdo be I
to or
in be
I of &
by
inof
of
orofIat&if do
& so
is
at or
cil
in
685] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. -for opposing the Reformation. [686 and where, and what was their conference and that upon the said commission divers doubts
communication therein, & interrog. ut supra
20. Item, that they and every of them declare * and shew the true and sufficient cause of their
testimony, in and singular the premises. ” After this the Judges delegate assigned the
and ambiguities have and may arise. —As whether you the tenor the said commis sion may proceed not only the denunciation,
but also mere office. And also whether
may well determine hear the said cause. Bishop appear again before them upon Wed For further declaration whereof we do now in
nesday then next ensuing, between the hours seven and eight the clock before noon,
the hall the archbishop's manor Lambeth,
there shew the cause why should not declared, pro confsso, upon the articles whereunto had not then fully answered, and
see further process done the matter; and
(he still protesting the nullity and invali dity their proceedings) they did for that
terpret and declare, that our full mind and pleasure, the advice aforesaid, was our commission, and now that you should pro
present depart. —In this meanwhile the com
missioners certified the king's majesty and his
council, the bishop's demeanour towards
them, and what objections had made against the matter. And this our declaration we send their proceedings, making doubts and ambigui unto you our sure knowledge and mere mo ties whether, the tenor his majesty's com tion, the advice aforesaid, supplying de mission, the commissioners might proceed not fault, ceremony, and point Inw, which
only the denunciation, but also their mere
office; and also whether they might well de
termine hear the cause. Whereupon his ma
jesty advice aforesaid, for the better under
standing thereof, did the 17th September And therefore we will and command you
send unto the commissioners full and perfect Declaration and Interpretation his will and pleasure the foresaid commission, giving them hereby full authority proceed
own discretions, appeareth more the tenor thereof ensuing:
proceed the said matters accordingly,
well our foresaid commission this our de
claration, and fail not. witness whereof we have made these our letters pa
tents. At Hampton Court the 17th day September. ”
their large
the way any
other ways means your discretions,
the truth and merits the cause may most speedily and best known, and that
might and may well finally determine hear the said matters; your orders and doings, cutting away vain and superfluous delays, and having respect the only truth
ceed well mere office, also denunciation, and either them,
hath, shall, may arise your doings
reason any default words our said for mer commission any part thereof, any law, statute, act the contrary notwithstanding.