Chad, governed the
Monastery
of Laestinga after the death of his brother and namesake.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v1
It is in the parish of Bradwell.
See Rev.
Brittany," book xv. , chap, xvii. , p. 369. 35Xhe monasteries of Ythancester and Til-
bury, in all appearance, were destroyed by the Danes, about the ninth century. We find no further mention of them in history.
3* gee Bede's " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 22. pp.
S. Baring-Gould's vol. i. , p. 91, note.
"
Lives of the Saints,"
saint is called Bishop of London in the Eng-
lish Martyrology, by William of Malms- 33 See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of bury and by other writers, as it was the chief
the Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints," vol. i. , January 7.
3''
Cressy maintains, however, that the seat of St. Cedd's bishopric among the East Saxons was not at Tilbury, as Camden
city of the East Saxons. See "Acta Sane-
torum Hibernije," vii. , Januarii, n. 14, p. 21.
^ See Wharton's " Historia Episcoporum London. " and Polydore Virgil Urbinatis
"
the kingdom. See "Church History of p. 71.
imagines,
but at
London,
the
Metropolis
of
Anghcse Historiae,"
lib.
xxvii. ,
lib.
iv. ,
222, 223. — Chap. ii.
' that this Colgan remarks,
January 7. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 91
vant of God desired by prayers and fasting to cleanse this place from crimes, formerly committed there, and thus he prepared to erect a monastic founda- tion. He requested the King, that there he might be permitted to abide in prayer, during the whole of an approaching Lent. This request was granted. According to Ecclesiastical custom, St. Cedd kept fast until the
evening every day, except on Sundays. Then he was content with a small piece of bread, one egg, and a little milk, mingled with water. Such he stated was anciently the custom of those,3 from whom he had learned a rule of regular discipline. '^ They consecrated first to the Lord by prayers and fasting those places, which were given them for the building of monasteries or churches. When only ten days of the Lent remained, a person came inviting St. Cedd to pay a visit to the King. That so religious a work should not be intermitted, even to regulate the King's important affairs, Cedd desired his priest, and his own brother, Cynibil, to continue there those devotions which he had piously begun. Cynibil most willingly consented.
The full time for prayer and fasting having been completed, St. Cedda there built a monastery, which was called Laestinga. s His disciples were furnished with such religious institutes as were observed at Lindisfame, where he had been trained. After this, the holy Prelate returned to his bishopric among the East Saxons. ^ There he diligently carried on God's works, yet so as to keep superintendence over Lestingan Monastery. He placed superiors to govern it, and he visited it from time to time. 7
CHAPTER III.
KING SIGEBERT REJOICES AT THE GOOD BISHOP's WORK—EXCOMMUNICATION OF A NOBLE, AND TRAGIC DEATH OF THE KING—SUIDHELM SUCCEEDS HIM—ST. CHAD ASSISTS AT THE SYNOD OF STREANESHALCH—ON A VISIT TO LESTINGA, HE IS SEIZED WITH HIS LAST ILLNESS—HIS DEATH AND BURIAL—HOLY BROTHERS OF THIS; SAINT—REMARKABLE DEVOTEDNESS OF THE RELIGIOUS OF ESSEX—FEAST OF ST. CHAD—CONCLUSION.
King Sigebert saw with joy the great progress which the Gospel made
amonghispeople,owingtothepreachingofSt. Cedda. Yetbyinstigation of the common enemy to all good deeds, Sigebert was basely murdered by two of his own kinsmen. The murderers could allege no other reason for what they had done than a hatred towards him, because he was too mercifully
inclined, and too easily induced to forgive his enemies. ' Sigebert's death might have entitled the King to some share in the martyr's glory, had there not been a former fault, which drew on him this punishment from Divine
justice.
3 St. Columba's disciples, under whose but to the Bemicians. See " The Church
rule he had received his first education at Lindisfame. Besides the fast days in each
week, there were three particular portions of each year, during which a solemn fast was formerly kept in Ireland. See Rev. P. J. Carew's "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," chap. viii. , p. 309, note.
"t See Bishop Challoner's "Britannia
Sancta," part i. , p. 13.
s This place is sometimes written Lestin-
gau, and Lestinghen. In the Breviary of Sarum it is said to have belonged to the Isle of Lindisfame. According to Cressy, this island did not pertain to the Deiri province,
History of Brittany under the Saxon Hep- tarchy," book xvi. , chap, xii. , p. 393.
*
This people first received the faith in 604, according to the Chronicler, Ethel- werd. See "ChroniconimEthelwerdi," libri iv. , lib. ii. , cap. L, p. 836. Rerum Angli-
carum Scriptores post Bedam Prrecipui. "
'
' See Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 23, pp.
225, 226. — Cap. in.
See Heniy of Huntingdon's Historiarum," libri viii. , lib. iii. , p. 333. Rerum Anglicanmi Scriptores post Bedam
Praecipui.
"
92 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 7.
Venerable Bede thus relates the circumstance. One of those Earls, who murdered him, had contracted an unlawful marriage. Not being able to pre- vent or correct this irregularity, St. Chad excommunicated the noble, and for- bade all under his charge to enter the nobleman's house. On returning, the holy bishop met the King, who began to tremble on seeing St. Cedd. Alighting from his horse, Sigebert prostrated himself at the bishop's feet,
and begged a pardon for his offence. St. Cedd in like manner alighting from the horse he rode touched the King, as he lay thus prostrate, with a rod
" I tell
Sigebert was succeeded in the kingdom by Suidhelm, son to Sexbald, in 661. St. Cedda had regenerated him to Christ through the sacrament of
Baptism. 3 Ethilwald,^KingoftheEastAngles,5assponsor,receivedSuid- helm, when arising^ from the sacred font. 7
St. Cedda continued his apostolic labours, during this reign, and until
664. He was present at the famous conference or synod of Streaneshalch,^ where was discussed the canonical observation of Easter. 9 St. Cedd, with
all the rest of the English, conformed to the more general church usage, upon
hearing the arguments of St. Wilfrid. Notwithstanding, he had been brought up in the Irish or Scottish mode of observing that festival, as followed at
^°
that time by the Lindisfarne monks.
Our saint does not seem to have long survived this synod. A great
plague soon succeeded. " Going to visit his beloved solitude of Lestinga,
which he held. With episcopal authority Cedda spoke these words
thee, O King, because thou wouldst not refrain from the house of that wicked excommunicated person, thou shalt die in that very house. " Thus it happened, that the bishop's words were fulfilled. ^
^ *'
See Nicholas Harpsfeld's Historia
Anglicana Ecclesiastica, 'ssec. vii. , cap. xiii. , p. 69.
3 He was baptized at a place called
spreadinlandtotheheartofConnaught. The contemporaneous notices of this second out-
break of the great "yellow plague" are chiefly confined to its ravages in Great Bri- tain. The advent of the disease in Ireland was characterized by peculiar cosmical phe- nomena, of which the most remarkable were a great fall of snow, the turning of water into blood (as it has been termed), and a very notable eclipse, mentioned in no less than five Irish annals, and which has also been described by Bede. It is confirmed by the calculations given in L'Art de Verifier les Dates, as having occurred upon the 1st
Rendlesham, i. e. , It is in Suffolk.
"" The Mansion of Rendil.
* He was brother to King Anna. See "
Cressy's Church History of Brittany," book xvi. , chap, xii. , p. 394. King Anna was killed by Penda, King of the Mercians, A. D. 654.
5 He began to reign A'. D. 655, and he died A. D. 664, according to Florence of Worcester.
* The word " ascendentem" is introduced of May, 664, while its conclusion was
between brackets. marked by a heavy fall of snow. The se-
"
7 See Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gen- cond great emigration from Ireland was
tis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 22, pp. 223, caused . by this pestilence. Sir William
224.
* Held in 663, according to Matthew of
" Flores Historiarum,"
9 There is a very full account of these transactions in Cressy's "Church History of
Brittany," book xvi. , chap, xvi. , xvii. ,xviii. , xix. , pp. 397 to 404.
Wilde has very ably treated on this subject in "The Reports of the Irish C—ensus for 1 V. He thus writes: all
Westminster,
"By
p. 233.
85 1," part
accounts this yellow plague spread both epi- demically and by infection ; and as it raged
with, if not before that island was attacked, '° See Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica we are not surprised to find that it com-
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 25, 26, pp. 233 to 239.
menced in the county of Wexford, a portion of Ireland which then appears to have been in more direct intercourse with England than other parts of Leinster. It seems to
" This seems to have been a form of the
Buidhe Connail, which devastated Ireland
in 664. It swept over Leinster, and again have been particularly fatal to persons of
specially affected that portion of the south now denominated Cork. We have likewise references to its devastations on the sea coast of Ulster, and we read that it even
rank and ecclesiastics ; but, that the mor-
tality must have been very great among all classes may be learned from several entries, but particularly from that in which St, Col-
in Great Britain, at least contemporaneously
:
January 7. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 93
St. Cedd was there seized with the contagion. '^ This put an end to his mortal career, and set his holy soul loose from the prison of the body. In the regions of eternal light and peace, he was then received. At first, his body was buried without the church. In process of time, a church of stone was built, in connexion with the monastery, which was dedicated in honour of the Blessed Virgin, the Mother of our Lord. Thither his body was re- moved, and laid at the right-hand side of the altar.
This saint had three brothers, eminent for sanctity, and all of these were ordained priests. They were named, Celin, Cynebil and Chad. ^3 This other, St.
Chad, governed the Monastery of Laestinga after the death of his brother and namesake. Afterwards, the holy man was created bishop. On the 2nd of March, the Church venerates his memory.
The religious, whom St. Cedda had left behind him in the province of
Essex, soon heard that their holy father was dead. About thirty of them,
leaving their native country, repaired to the Monastery of Lgestinga. These felt desirous to live and die where he had died, and to be buried with him.
Wilhngly were they received by their brethren at Laestinga. These monks did not long survive their holy father. They were all carried off by the same frightful pestilence, which at that time caused great havoc in all places. It was constantly beheved, that one little boy had been preserved from death, owing to the prayers of St. Cedd ; for, it was afterwards found, that boy had not been baptized. This made his preservation seem the more re- markable, because he had been delivered from an eternal as well as from a temporal death. He lived to be a holy priest. Through his labours and preachingafterwards,hebroughtmanysoulstoGod. ^^ TheMonasteryof Laestinga, founded by St. Cedda, flourished in venerable repute for some time. Subsequently, it was destroyed by the Pagan Danes,^5 when they ravaged these parts. At present the place where it stood is not well known. St. Cedda, it is stated, died on the 26th of October. ^^ But his festival is marked in the English Martyrology, at the 7th of January. ^?
Those apostolic husbandmen, who go forth as sowers of that seed, which
is the word of God, find consolation, when it falls on good soil, and pro-
duces fruit abundant, according to the pious dispositions of various souls. Sometimes the seed falls on the wayside, to be picked up by birds, and sometimes on the rock, where it takes no root. Sometimes the thorns choke
its ^^ Thus the growth.
the cares and of passions
the
human life impede those men of good-will. But when multitudes hear the word of God, and understand it. Divine grace often moves the hearts and
man Ua '
states that this
left only every third person in Ire-
"
'^ This is the date
by the Bollandists.
Januarii. " tomus i. , vii. Januarii. Acta S. Ceddae, pp. 373 to 376. The English Mar- tyrology, Florence of Worcester, Ralph of
plague land alive. '
Cluasaigh
for his festival See "Acta Sanctorum,
Seep. 50.
" In his translation of Venerable Bede's
account, Cressy speaks of St. Cedd, as hav- ing administered for many years the bishopric
difidculties,
obstinacy,
great
assigned
Chester, Harpsfeld "Historia Anglicana Ec- of London, in the province of the East clesiastica," sjec. vii. , cap. xiii. , William of
Saxons. See "Church History of Brit-
tany," book xvi. , chap, xxii. , p. 406. The whole of this passage we do not find in the
original.
^3 See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of
the Saints," vol. i. , p. 94. "
Malmsbury, "De Gestis RegumAnglorum," cap. vi. , p. 35, "De Gestis Pontificum Anglo- rum," lib. ii. , p. 235. See " Rerum Anglica- rum Scriptores. " JohnCapgrave, "Legendae SanctorumBritanniae," as also Arnold Wi©n, "Lignum Vitse," treat about this saint and his
''• See Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica death.
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 23, pp. 226,227.
'5 See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. i. , January vii.
^^ Florence of Worcester has his death
"Septimo Calend. Novemb. " Annales ad
A. D. 664.
'^
St. Matt. xiii.
94 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 7.
minds of unbelievers to sincere conversion. They bring forth fruit with patience, and thus crown the work of their spiritual labourers.
Article II. —St. Kentigerna or Centigerna, Widow and Recluse
IN Scotland. [Probably in the Eighth Century. ^ This holy woman is called
variedly Quentigema,^ Kentigerna,^ Centigerna,3 She was daughter to Kel- lenus. 4 He was a man of noble birth, who derived his origin from the
Leinster regal family. s The Scottish writer, Camerarius, incorrectly calls her father Tyreus. ^ St. Kentigerna was sister to St. Comgan of Turrefif. ? In her youth, she married a chieftain, named Feredach,^ by whom she had a numerous offspring. 9 To the religious training of her children she devoted herself, with untiring assiduity, until she had the happiness of seeing them grow up in God's service, thus fully rewarding her maternal care and protec- tion. '" Among her children and the saints of his country, Foilan" was par- ticularly distinguished. "
Art. ii. —'
to her by Terrains and Dempster.
^
Quentigerna
given
Girtheus,
Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Mas- ters," vol; i. , pp. 312, 313 and 340, 341.
7 According to the Breviary of Aberdeen. The same authority makes her " Laynensium reguli filia. " Laynensium, denoting the Leinster people, is a corruption Lagenien- sium. Muirenn, another of his daughters, died a. d. 748. Cellach Cualann, father of the present saint and King of Leinster, is said to have died A. D; 715. See Dr. Reeves' "Adamnan's Life of St. Columba. " Additional Notes [O] n. (h), p. 384,
^
Kentigerna she is called by Camerarius, and more correctly; for, according to the
the true form.
3 The Irish vary the diphthong at one time
to Caentigema and again to Coentigerna. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibemise," vii. Januarii. Vita S. Kentigemse, n. i. , p. 22.
* Dempster, Camerarius, a Scotch priest, and some other modem Scoto-British writers, not content with the honour accruing to their coimtry, by possessing the remains and tomb of this holy woman, have sought to deprive the Irish of a claim to her nativity in their island. They try to conceal the place of her birth. But Camerarius betrays this claim of the Irish in these " S.
The Chronicle of Paisley, Camerarius, and other writers, in the Life of St. Foilan, son to St. thus name him.
words, Fuit, Kentigerna Tyrei Lageniensium Reguli filia,"(! ! cc. His Dumferline authorities must have stated this before him. See "De Statu Hominis, Veteris simul ac Novae Ec- clesiae et Infidelium Conversione et Sancti
Kentigerna,
Camerarius, however, wrongly calls him
Regni Scotias," lib. i. , pars ii. , cap. iii. , sec. 2, p. 120.
5 Until the Scotch can transfer to their
coimtry or appropriate Lagenia, a large Irish
province, they must be satisfied to allow our
country the honour of St. Kentigema's birth.
Feriath. The Irish always have the name written Feradach, as may be seen in the Acts of St. Foillan, at the 9th of January. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctonim Hibemise," vii. Januarii, n. 3, p. 22.
9 St. iEngus, in his Martyrology, at the
23rd of March, names the Natalis of Fere-
dach's daughters, so like'wise state the Mar-
tyrology of Marianus Gorman and the Scho-
liast of yEngus. The "Martyrology of Tal-
lagh" has a commemoration of them in the
month of The " Me- January. Genealogical
nology of Irish Saints," at cap. 29, com- memorates a St. Mundus, a son of Feradach.
^
There is no monarch, bearing this name,
to be found in the
Kings. The name was rather Kelleus or
of Leinster Kellach, whose death is recorded in the
"
"
catalogue
Annals of the Four Masters," at A. D. 713,
See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibemiae," vii. Januarii, n. iv. , p. 22.
Ceallach Cualann, son of Gerrtide,
thus,
KingofLeinsterdied. " Colgana—lsosays,
" Camerarius " De Statu Hominis Veteris simul ac Novse Ecclesias et Infidelium Con- versioneetSanctiRegniScotise,"lib,i. , pars, ii. , cap. ii. , sec. 2, p. 120.
that in the "Annals of Donegall"
a title bywhic—hhedesignatesthoseoftheFour Masters we read of our saint's death thus recorded, "Anno 728 Coentigerna, filia
is the name
that instead of
her grandfather, Camerarius seems to have read Tyreus, when he calls her the daughter of Tyreus. See "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- Irish idiom, Kentigerna or Coentigerna is niae," vii. Januarii, nn. 2, 7, p. 22. Also
" See the Life of St. Foilan or Fillan, at Kellei Cualann, obiit. " Now, in Mr. the 9th of January.
O'Donovan's edition of the "Annals of the
Four Masters," there is no such entry at
A. D. 728 ; but at the year 738, we there "
" Speaking of St, Kentigem, at the 7th of January, she is compared by a French writer in her green widowhood to a laurel, "un arbre dans le habit de penitence, une
read,
Coincheann, daughter of Ceallach. "
Colgan remarks,
January 7. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 95
As St. Kentigema cultivated a most tender devotion towards the Mother
of God, and towards her Angel Guardian, she also taught her children the
great importance of cherishing such religious sentiments. '3 At length, being deprived of her husband, this pious matron resolved on renouncing other ties of the world, in order more securely to practise devout prayer and contem- plation. For this purpose, she left her native island,''^ and went over to Scotland. Here she found a resting-place, in the Island of Inchelroiche, situated on the waters of the romantic Loch Lomond. 's From the Breviary of Aberdeen, we learn, that St. Kentigerna lived here, towards the close of her life. '^ Adam King likewise commemorates her in his Kalendar.
St.
Brittany," book xv. , chap, xvii. , p. 369. 35Xhe monasteries of Ythancester and Til-
bury, in all appearance, were destroyed by the Danes, about the ninth century. We find no further mention of them in history.
3* gee Bede's " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 22. pp.
S. Baring-Gould's vol. i. , p. 91, note.
"
Lives of the Saints,"
saint is called Bishop of London in the Eng-
lish Martyrology, by William of Malms- 33 See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of bury and by other writers, as it was the chief
the Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints," vol. i. , January 7.
3''
Cressy maintains, however, that the seat of St. Cedd's bishopric among the East Saxons was not at Tilbury, as Camden
city of the East Saxons. See "Acta Sane-
torum Hibernije," vii. , Januarii, n. 14, p. 21.
^ See Wharton's " Historia Episcoporum London. " and Polydore Virgil Urbinatis
"
the kingdom. See "Church History of p. 71.
imagines,
but at
London,
the
Metropolis
of
Anghcse Historiae,"
lib.
xxvii. ,
lib.
iv. ,
222, 223. — Chap. ii.
' that this Colgan remarks,
January 7. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 91
vant of God desired by prayers and fasting to cleanse this place from crimes, formerly committed there, and thus he prepared to erect a monastic founda- tion. He requested the King, that there he might be permitted to abide in prayer, during the whole of an approaching Lent. This request was granted. According to Ecclesiastical custom, St. Cedd kept fast until the
evening every day, except on Sundays. Then he was content with a small piece of bread, one egg, and a little milk, mingled with water. Such he stated was anciently the custom of those,3 from whom he had learned a rule of regular discipline. '^ They consecrated first to the Lord by prayers and fasting those places, which were given them for the building of monasteries or churches. When only ten days of the Lent remained, a person came inviting St. Cedd to pay a visit to the King. That so religious a work should not be intermitted, even to regulate the King's important affairs, Cedd desired his priest, and his own brother, Cynibil, to continue there those devotions which he had piously begun. Cynibil most willingly consented.
The full time for prayer and fasting having been completed, St. Cedda there built a monastery, which was called Laestinga. s His disciples were furnished with such religious institutes as were observed at Lindisfame, where he had been trained. After this, the holy Prelate returned to his bishopric among the East Saxons. ^ There he diligently carried on God's works, yet so as to keep superintendence over Lestingan Monastery. He placed superiors to govern it, and he visited it from time to time. 7
CHAPTER III.
KING SIGEBERT REJOICES AT THE GOOD BISHOP's WORK—EXCOMMUNICATION OF A NOBLE, AND TRAGIC DEATH OF THE KING—SUIDHELM SUCCEEDS HIM—ST. CHAD ASSISTS AT THE SYNOD OF STREANESHALCH—ON A VISIT TO LESTINGA, HE IS SEIZED WITH HIS LAST ILLNESS—HIS DEATH AND BURIAL—HOLY BROTHERS OF THIS; SAINT—REMARKABLE DEVOTEDNESS OF THE RELIGIOUS OF ESSEX—FEAST OF ST. CHAD—CONCLUSION.
King Sigebert saw with joy the great progress which the Gospel made
amonghispeople,owingtothepreachingofSt. Cedda. Yetbyinstigation of the common enemy to all good deeds, Sigebert was basely murdered by two of his own kinsmen. The murderers could allege no other reason for what they had done than a hatred towards him, because he was too mercifully
inclined, and too easily induced to forgive his enemies. ' Sigebert's death might have entitled the King to some share in the martyr's glory, had there not been a former fault, which drew on him this punishment from Divine
justice.
3 St. Columba's disciples, under whose but to the Bemicians. See " The Church
rule he had received his first education at Lindisfame. Besides the fast days in each
week, there were three particular portions of each year, during which a solemn fast was formerly kept in Ireland. See Rev. P. J. Carew's "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," chap. viii. , p. 309, note.
"t See Bishop Challoner's "Britannia
Sancta," part i. , p. 13.
s This place is sometimes written Lestin-
gau, and Lestinghen. In the Breviary of Sarum it is said to have belonged to the Isle of Lindisfame. According to Cressy, this island did not pertain to the Deiri province,
History of Brittany under the Saxon Hep- tarchy," book xvi. , chap, xii. , p. 393.
*
This people first received the faith in 604, according to the Chronicler, Ethel- werd. See "ChroniconimEthelwerdi," libri iv. , lib. ii. , cap. L, p. 836. Rerum Angli-
carum Scriptores post Bedam Prrecipui. "
'
' See Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 23, pp.
225, 226. — Cap. in.
See Heniy of Huntingdon's Historiarum," libri viii. , lib. iii. , p. 333. Rerum Anglicanmi Scriptores post Bedam
Praecipui.
"
92 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 7.
Venerable Bede thus relates the circumstance. One of those Earls, who murdered him, had contracted an unlawful marriage. Not being able to pre- vent or correct this irregularity, St. Chad excommunicated the noble, and for- bade all under his charge to enter the nobleman's house. On returning, the holy bishop met the King, who began to tremble on seeing St. Cedd. Alighting from his horse, Sigebert prostrated himself at the bishop's feet,
and begged a pardon for his offence. St. Cedd in like manner alighting from the horse he rode touched the King, as he lay thus prostrate, with a rod
" I tell
Sigebert was succeeded in the kingdom by Suidhelm, son to Sexbald, in 661. St. Cedda had regenerated him to Christ through the sacrament of
Baptism. 3 Ethilwald,^KingoftheEastAngles,5assponsor,receivedSuid- helm, when arising^ from the sacred font. 7
St. Cedda continued his apostolic labours, during this reign, and until
664. He was present at the famous conference or synod of Streaneshalch,^ where was discussed the canonical observation of Easter. 9 St. Cedd, with
all the rest of the English, conformed to the more general church usage, upon
hearing the arguments of St. Wilfrid. Notwithstanding, he had been brought up in the Irish or Scottish mode of observing that festival, as followed at
^°
that time by the Lindisfarne monks.
Our saint does not seem to have long survived this synod. A great
plague soon succeeded. " Going to visit his beloved solitude of Lestinga,
which he held. With episcopal authority Cedda spoke these words
thee, O King, because thou wouldst not refrain from the house of that wicked excommunicated person, thou shalt die in that very house. " Thus it happened, that the bishop's words were fulfilled. ^
^ *'
See Nicholas Harpsfeld's Historia
Anglicana Ecclesiastica, 'ssec. vii. , cap. xiii. , p. 69.
3 He was baptized at a place called
spreadinlandtotheheartofConnaught. The contemporaneous notices of this second out-
break of the great "yellow plague" are chiefly confined to its ravages in Great Bri- tain. The advent of the disease in Ireland was characterized by peculiar cosmical phe- nomena, of which the most remarkable were a great fall of snow, the turning of water into blood (as it has been termed), and a very notable eclipse, mentioned in no less than five Irish annals, and which has also been described by Bede. It is confirmed by the calculations given in L'Art de Verifier les Dates, as having occurred upon the 1st
Rendlesham, i. e. , It is in Suffolk.
"" The Mansion of Rendil.
* He was brother to King Anna. See "
Cressy's Church History of Brittany," book xvi. , chap, xii. , p. 394. King Anna was killed by Penda, King of the Mercians, A. D. 654.
5 He began to reign A'. D. 655, and he died A. D. 664, according to Florence of Worcester.
* The word " ascendentem" is introduced of May, 664, while its conclusion was
between brackets. marked by a heavy fall of snow. The se-
"
7 See Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gen- cond great emigration from Ireland was
tis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 22, pp. 223, caused . by this pestilence. Sir William
224.
* Held in 663, according to Matthew of
" Flores Historiarum,"
9 There is a very full account of these transactions in Cressy's "Church History of
Brittany," book xvi. , chap, xvi. , xvii. ,xviii. , xix. , pp. 397 to 404.
Wilde has very ably treated on this subject in "The Reports of the Irish C—ensus for 1 V. He thus writes: all
Westminster,
"By
p. 233.
85 1," part
accounts this yellow plague spread both epi- demically and by infection ; and as it raged
with, if not before that island was attacked, '° See Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica we are not surprised to find that it com-
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 25, 26, pp. 233 to 239.
menced in the county of Wexford, a portion of Ireland which then appears to have been in more direct intercourse with England than other parts of Leinster. It seems to
" This seems to have been a form of the
Buidhe Connail, which devastated Ireland
in 664. It swept over Leinster, and again have been particularly fatal to persons of
specially affected that portion of the south now denominated Cork. We have likewise references to its devastations on the sea coast of Ulster, and we read that it even
rank and ecclesiastics ; but, that the mor-
tality must have been very great among all classes may be learned from several entries, but particularly from that in which St, Col-
in Great Britain, at least contemporaneously
:
January 7. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 93
St. Cedd was there seized with the contagion. '^ This put an end to his mortal career, and set his holy soul loose from the prison of the body. In the regions of eternal light and peace, he was then received. At first, his body was buried without the church. In process of time, a church of stone was built, in connexion with the monastery, which was dedicated in honour of the Blessed Virgin, the Mother of our Lord. Thither his body was re- moved, and laid at the right-hand side of the altar.
This saint had three brothers, eminent for sanctity, and all of these were ordained priests. They were named, Celin, Cynebil and Chad. ^3 This other, St.
Chad, governed the Monastery of Laestinga after the death of his brother and namesake. Afterwards, the holy man was created bishop. On the 2nd of March, the Church venerates his memory.
The religious, whom St. Cedda had left behind him in the province of
Essex, soon heard that their holy father was dead. About thirty of them,
leaving their native country, repaired to the Monastery of Lgestinga. These felt desirous to live and die where he had died, and to be buried with him.
Wilhngly were they received by their brethren at Laestinga. These monks did not long survive their holy father. They were all carried off by the same frightful pestilence, which at that time caused great havoc in all places. It was constantly beheved, that one little boy had been preserved from death, owing to the prayers of St. Cedd ; for, it was afterwards found, that boy had not been baptized. This made his preservation seem the more re- markable, because he had been delivered from an eternal as well as from a temporal death. He lived to be a holy priest. Through his labours and preachingafterwards,hebroughtmanysoulstoGod. ^^ TheMonasteryof Laestinga, founded by St. Cedda, flourished in venerable repute for some time. Subsequently, it was destroyed by the Pagan Danes,^5 when they ravaged these parts. At present the place where it stood is not well known. St. Cedda, it is stated, died on the 26th of October. ^^ But his festival is marked in the English Martyrology, at the 7th of January. ^?
Those apostolic husbandmen, who go forth as sowers of that seed, which
is the word of God, find consolation, when it falls on good soil, and pro-
duces fruit abundant, according to the pious dispositions of various souls. Sometimes the seed falls on the wayside, to be picked up by birds, and sometimes on the rock, where it takes no root. Sometimes the thorns choke
its ^^ Thus the growth.
the cares and of passions
the
human life impede those men of good-will. But when multitudes hear the word of God, and understand it. Divine grace often moves the hearts and
man Ua '
states that this
left only every third person in Ire-
"
'^ This is the date
by the Bollandists.
Januarii. " tomus i. , vii. Januarii. Acta S. Ceddae, pp. 373 to 376. The English Mar- tyrology, Florence of Worcester, Ralph of
plague land alive. '
Cluasaigh
for his festival See "Acta Sanctorum,
Seep. 50.
" In his translation of Venerable Bede's
account, Cressy speaks of St. Cedd, as hav- ing administered for many years the bishopric
difidculties,
obstinacy,
great
assigned
Chester, Harpsfeld "Historia Anglicana Ec- of London, in the province of the East clesiastica," sjec. vii. , cap. xiii. , William of
Saxons. See "Church History of Brit-
tany," book xvi. , chap, xxii. , p. 406. The whole of this passage we do not find in the
original.
^3 See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of
the Saints," vol. i. , p. 94. "
Malmsbury, "De Gestis RegumAnglorum," cap. vi. , p. 35, "De Gestis Pontificum Anglo- rum," lib. ii. , p. 235. See " Rerum Anglica- rum Scriptores. " JohnCapgrave, "Legendae SanctorumBritanniae," as also Arnold Wi©n, "Lignum Vitse," treat about this saint and his
''• See Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica death.
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 23, pp. 226,227.
'5 See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. i. , January vii.
^^ Florence of Worcester has his death
"Septimo Calend. Novemb. " Annales ad
A. D. 664.
'^
St. Matt. xiii.
94 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 7.
minds of unbelievers to sincere conversion. They bring forth fruit with patience, and thus crown the work of their spiritual labourers.
Article II. —St. Kentigerna or Centigerna, Widow and Recluse
IN Scotland. [Probably in the Eighth Century. ^ This holy woman is called
variedly Quentigema,^ Kentigerna,^ Centigerna,3 She was daughter to Kel- lenus. 4 He was a man of noble birth, who derived his origin from the
Leinster regal family. s The Scottish writer, Camerarius, incorrectly calls her father Tyreus. ^ St. Kentigerna was sister to St. Comgan of Turrefif. ? In her youth, she married a chieftain, named Feredach,^ by whom she had a numerous offspring. 9 To the religious training of her children she devoted herself, with untiring assiduity, until she had the happiness of seeing them grow up in God's service, thus fully rewarding her maternal care and protec- tion. '" Among her children and the saints of his country, Foilan" was par- ticularly distinguished. "
Art. ii. —'
to her by Terrains and Dempster.
^
Quentigerna
given
Girtheus,
Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Mas- ters," vol; i. , pp. 312, 313 and 340, 341.
7 According to the Breviary of Aberdeen. The same authority makes her " Laynensium reguli filia. " Laynensium, denoting the Leinster people, is a corruption Lagenien- sium. Muirenn, another of his daughters, died a. d. 748. Cellach Cualann, father of the present saint and King of Leinster, is said to have died A. D; 715. See Dr. Reeves' "Adamnan's Life of St. Columba. " Additional Notes [O] n. (h), p. 384,
^
Kentigerna she is called by Camerarius, and more correctly; for, according to the
the true form.
3 The Irish vary the diphthong at one time
to Caentigema and again to Coentigerna. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibemise," vii. Januarii. Vita S. Kentigemse, n. i. , p. 22.
* Dempster, Camerarius, a Scotch priest, and some other modem Scoto-British writers, not content with the honour accruing to their coimtry, by possessing the remains and tomb of this holy woman, have sought to deprive the Irish of a claim to her nativity in their island. They try to conceal the place of her birth. But Camerarius betrays this claim of the Irish in these " S.
The Chronicle of Paisley, Camerarius, and other writers, in the Life of St. Foilan, son to St. thus name him.
words, Fuit, Kentigerna Tyrei Lageniensium Reguli filia,"(! ! cc. His Dumferline authorities must have stated this before him. See "De Statu Hominis, Veteris simul ac Novae Ec- clesiae et Infidelium Conversione et Sancti
Kentigerna,
Camerarius, however, wrongly calls him
Regni Scotias," lib. i. , pars ii. , cap. iii. , sec. 2, p. 120.
5 Until the Scotch can transfer to their
coimtry or appropriate Lagenia, a large Irish
province, they must be satisfied to allow our
country the honour of St. Kentigema's birth.
Feriath. The Irish always have the name written Feradach, as may be seen in the Acts of St. Foillan, at the 9th of January. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctonim Hibemise," vii. Januarii, n. 3, p. 22.
9 St. iEngus, in his Martyrology, at the
23rd of March, names the Natalis of Fere-
dach's daughters, so like'wise state the Mar-
tyrology of Marianus Gorman and the Scho-
liast of yEngus. The "Martyrology of Tal-
lagh" has a commemoration of them in the
month of The " Me- January. Genealogical
nology of Irish Saints," at cap. 29, com- memorates a St. Mundus, a son of Feradach.
^
There is no monarch, bearing this name,
to be found in the
Kings. The name was rather Kelleus or
of Leinster Kellach, whose death is recorded in the
"
"
catalogue
Annals of the Four Masters," at A. D. 713,
See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibemiae," vii. Januarii, n. iv. , p. 22.
Ceallach Cualann, son of Gerrtide,
thus,
KingofLeinsterdied. " Colgana—lsosays,
" Camerarius " De Statu Hominis Veteris simul ac Novse Ecclesias et Infidelium Con- versioneetSanctiRegniScotise,"lib,i. , pars, ii. , cap. ii. , sec. 2, p. 120.
that in the "Annals of Donegall"
a title bywhic—hhedesignatesthoseoftheFour Masters we read of our saint's death thus recorded, "Anno 728 Coentigerna, filia
is the name
that instead of
her grandfather, Camerarius seems to have read Tyreus, when he calls her the daughter of Tyreus. See "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- Irish idiom, Kentigerna or Coentigerna is niae," vii. Januarii, nn. 2, 7, p. 22. Also
" See the Life of St. Foilan or Fillan, at Kellei Cualann, obiit. " Now, in Mr. the 9th of January.
O'Donovan's edition of the "Annals of the
Four Masters," there is no such entry at
A. D. 728 ; but at the year 738, we there "
" Speaking of St, Kentigem, at the 7th of January, she is compared by a French writer in her green widowhood to a laurel, "un arbre dans le habit de penitence, une
read,
Coincheann, daughter of Ceallach. "
Colgan remarks,
January 7. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 95
As St. Kentigema cultivated a most tender devotion towards the Mother
of God, and towards her Angel Guardian, she also taught her children the
great importance of cherishing such religious sentiments. '3 At length, being deprived of her husband, this pious matron resolved on renouncing other ties of the world, in order more securely to practise devout prayer and contem- plation. For this purpose, she left her native island,''^ and went over to Scotland. Here she found a resting-place, in the Island of Inchelroiche, situated on the waters of the romantic Loch Lomond. 's From the Breviary of Aberdeen, we learn, that St. Kentigerna lived here, towards the close of her life. '^ Adam King likewise commemorates her in his Kalendar.
St.
