's visit in 1645, teristic was her
abduction
of an insane sister Sāhitya Parisat,” a society whose journal is
that of a genuine person.
that of a genuine person.
Athenaeum - London - 1912a
Wells,
on visiting a University town, is only
trayed the well-favoured housewives and purporting to show the railways, it does
not show them all.
conscious of a
maidens of the different regions, and divert-
feeling of ineradicable
contagion. ” If he were to judge of Oxford
ing is the account of their garde-robes.
Miss Canziani could not understand the
THAT there is some danger of Indian wit from the specimens in this volume, we
differences between the uncared-for, even
Frontier problems being neglected on account could heartily sympathize with his depression,
squalid cabins and the spick - and - span in England and the parts of the Empiro wide reading, have collected scarcely a jest
of internal unrest is very probable, specially for, indeed, the authors, in spite of their
feminine attire
Sundays. She
discovered that the garde-robe here, like and the Indian
remoto from that locality, so Gun-Running worth printing, or an anecdote that is not
North - West Frontier, by flat and unprofitable. But these are acci.
that of Marie Antoinette and fashionable Mr. Arnold Keppel (John Murray), may dentals, like the idiosyncrasies of a par-
ladies of to-day, stood for no mere wardrobe, be welcomed as inviting attention to the
ticular don, or the domestic habits of a
but a room ; here, indeed,
a building connexion between maritime supremacy particular era, Monastic colleges succeeded
devoted to clothes.
In a little wooden in the Persian Gulf, whereby the arms and halls, and villas are supplanting the monas-
folded garments on shelves : bodices, shawls, the N. -W. Frontier is controlled, and the
lodge adjoining the cottage she saw neatly ammunition traffic with Afghanistan and teries. But in each age the glamour and
the influence of Oxford have persisted.
aprons, and the rest, the whole making up tribal disturbances which from time to time Strangers look with eyes of admiration, or
a goodly show.
arise in the borderland. There is abundant askance, upon this accidental or upon that.
With the same artless
grace
insects,
evidence that the trade has been brisk, and They think that Oxford is an affair of
flowers, birds, and natural aspects are
has already reached such a point that an
lawns or boat-races, of port, theology, dons,
nursery - maids.
But her charm is a
treated. One day, as the artist was sketching extensive rising on our frontier is now
in a flowery field just ready for the mower's
much more serious business than of old, the fluid thing, and her influence eternal,
scythe, she saw 'lovely blue and crimson tribesmen being armed with modern rifles. because with each generation she renews
winged grasshoppers, the dainty creatures Consequently the need for complete control her youth, ever receiving, in surroundings
of natural and architectural loveliness, the
proving no less sociable than the peasant by the blockading squadron, 'in order to
folk. They would sit on her paint - box, preserve peace on the Indian border, is heirs of the future to dwell in her halls
enjoying cadmium and aureolin, and imperative. Indeed, it may be feared that and be inspired by the lessons of the
loved to suck paints from her fingers. supervision comes rather late; and a further past.
They also appreciated music, and with the complication is supplied by the attitude of
lizards would remain stockstill so long as
Afghanistan and the Amir of Kabul. The Das Oxforder Buch Deutscher Dichtung vom
she whistled to them. Of flower lore and
book_generally is based on articles to 12ten bis zum 20sten Jahrhundert. Herausge-
legend we find a good deal. There is a The Times and on experience gained in a geben von H. G. Fiedler, mit einem Geleit-
certain monotony in the portraits, and the comparatively short space of time ; a cold worte von Gerhart Hauptmann. (Oxford,
colouring must be charged with crudeness, weather” was apparently spent in Peshawar, Clarendon Press. ) — Prof. Fiedler's selection
but the drawing is excellent. The subjects
and it is not clear what time was occu- inspires, perhaps, satisfaction rather than
from models are far superior to the land-
pied in extensive travel about Persian enthusiasm. Capable scholarship, wide read-
Mekran, the Gulf of Oman, and the Persian ing, and sound judgment have clearly gone
scapes.
Gulf. The conclusions arrived at by the to the making of it, but the sure and sensitive
The collection of songs and tunes would author are, so far as we understand them, critical faculty that rejects all but the best,
have gained in interest if dated. On pp. sound; his power of description is con- and perceives excellence which has been
19 and 79 occur mistakes in the time value siderable and his style pleasant. The photo- overlooked by others, is not conspicuously
of notes; in the latter (Chanson de Fileuses') graphic illustrations are well chosen and
in evidence. However, we are sincerely
two slips have escaped notice.
reproduced.
grateful for what is in many respects the
seen
on
a
or
9
## p. 306 (#236) ############################################
306
THE ATHEN ÆUM
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
room.
con-
most satisfactory anthology of German out the range of English literature. Wilde The school song ends * Floreat Etona,
verse that has been published in this country, is represented in three excerpts, and floreat, forebit. " It is the future that is
and we trust that it may succeed in making Pater, who is next to him, in one, which is doubtful. The book, we may add, is adorned
English readers better acquainted with the a disproportionate dispensation. Neither with some interesting reproductions of old
work of various poets who are still too little Stevenson nor Swinburne finds a place, in prints and pictures.
known among us, and who are here at last spite of the fact that the polish of the one
represented with some adequacy; we may and the excess of the other are not always
THE third edition of The Harrow School
mention specially Mörike, Hebbel, Conrad over-emphasized to the detriment of rhythmi: Register, 1800-1911 (Longmans), is edited by
Ferdinand Meyer, and Gottfried Keller. cal and impassioned expression. Perhaps M. J. Dauglish and Mr. P. K. Stephenson.
The range covered by the volume is wide, considerations of copyright have excluded the services of the former, always given
but the earlier periods have only a meagre them. We are glad to see that Donne, freely for his old school, were cut short by
space allotted to them. Four or five pages Hooker, and Jeremy Taylor, less lauded his sad death in February of last year. Mr.
of extracts from the Minnesingers, trans- than Sir Thomas Browne, are given ample Stephenson, too, being appointed to a post
lated by the editor-not always very success-
There is an excellent and succinct in Melbourne, has now given over his duties
fully-into modern German, and sometimes, preface.
to Mr. Lionel Hewitt. In spite of these
as in the case of Walther von der Vogelweide's
difficulties, the Register, now first under-
* Elegie,' consisting merely of a single stanza
taken by the Harrow Association, shows
from a longer poem, together with a few
admirable care in its preparation, and in
samples of Freidank, exhaust the twelfth
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
every case where we have looked for the
and thirteenth centuries; the fourteenth is,
latest details of the careers of old boys, we
not without justification, left a blank; and
Floreat Etona. By Ralph Nevill. . . (Mac-Mr. Dauglish was gathering when he died
have found them satisfactorily recorded.
the fifteenth and sixteenth are also rather
summarily disposed of—we should have millan. ) --Eton inspires in almost all its boys
welcomed, for example, a more liberal
a peculiar devotion which never leaves them matter concerning the century-old history of
throughout their lives, and which often Harrow, and the present volume includes a
selection from the delightfulen Holkslieder draws them together again in after years. good many names and facts of interest from
of the times. From the seventeenth century In this way unhappily the school manages
It is hoped to carry these
onwards, however, we get abundance and
variety; the scope of the book includes to escape some well-directed criticism, for records further back.
only an old Etonian is thought com-
The term as well as the year of entry is
not only the lyric proper, but also light verse,
ballads, and narrative poems, and a
petent to criticize such a unique and printed at the top of each page, and each
The Index,
siderable number of the didactic Sprüche to peculiar institution. Mr. Nevill has evidently section is in alphabetical order.
which the German Muse has always been greatly enjoyed the task of collecting which is full and accurate, would, we think,
memories and anecdotes, and this must be be simplified by adding merely a reference
partial. It is, of course, inevitable that we
should look in vain for certain favourite or
his excuse for adding yet another book to to the page on which a name occurs.
familiar poems—the absence of such på already in existence. Nearly all his stories
the large collection of volumes on Eton
triotic songs as Die Wacht am Rhein and of the past have appeared before. We
'Deutschland, Deutschland
is perhaps worth noting—but most of the look therefore to his account of modern
Eton for something new, and here for
RECORDS AND CLOSE ROLLS.
pieces that one has a right to expect in a
collection of this kind are duly included,
a few pages he is justly severe. He
Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III.
and we find plenty of others Tess known speaks of the heaven of indolence which preserved in the Public Record Office, A. D.
that are well worthy of a place beside them.
permeates the school,” and says that there
1237-42. (Stationery Office. )—This, the
are now
The editor has not followed the example
fourth volume of the Deputy-Keeper's
of Mr. St. John Lucas in the Oxford books an increasing number of sons of millionaire • Close Rolls of Henry III. ,' supplies, like
of French and Italian verse, by giving a parvenus who are allowed extravagant sums by its predecessors, the Latin text of all
parents anxious to forward the social success
preliminary sketch of German poetry and of their offspring by any kind of means.
those valuable documents up to 1242. No
its development, his introductory note being parents have for the most part no real wish that
reason is given in the few lines with which
almost entirely formal. The explanatory their boys should be educated at all, and send them
the Deputy-Keeper ushers in this volume why
notes at the end of the volume are commend-
to Eton simply to form friendships and to be the Close Rolls should still be reserved for
ably brief and to the point, and we welcome, enjoys the reputation of being a fashionable in full. The Patent Rolls, printed in full
turned into gentlemen ; or perhaps because Eton the exclusive distinction of being printed
as of special interest and value, the mention school. ”
of the best musical settings of the poems.
up to 1232, were thenceforth summarized
Germany is peculiarly rich in such composi- He considers, however, that there is less in a Calendar, and it is hard to understand
tions, and in many cases the music affords idleness now than thirty or forty years ago,
why the Close Rolls should receive prefer-
the best possible commentary on the words. when in many respects
ential treatment. Perhaps this is the last
The little preface by Gerhart Hauptmann
volume of the text, since there are no
strikes us as a trifle perfunctory and dis-
“the school work was idiotically useless and bad, announcements of further instalments of
appointing : it says à few. obvious and to entail a maximum of drudgery with a mini- in the advertisement at the end of this
a great part of it having seemingly been devised
it, or of Calendar in lieu of it,
amiable things in a sufficiently obvious mum of useful information. "
manner, but there is nothing of any real
volume. If, however, the Record Office
consequence in it. Of the admirable form But we may doubt whether there is any thinks fit to continue to publish the Close
of the book we cannot speak too highly.
fundamental change except the exercise of Rolls in full, we hope it will not continue the
more pressure to bring boys up to the neces- mistake made, perhaps in inadvertence, in
sary standard for examinations. Mr. Nevill the later pages of this volume. The text
An Anthology of Imaginative Prose. By is also alive to the besetting sin of British printed between pp. 495 and 533 has already
Prof. R. P. Cowl. (Herbert & Daniel. ), public schools, namely, the disproportionate been printed in full by Francisque Michel
This is a genuine anthology, classified accord-
amount of time and attention bestowed on in the first volume of his Rôles Gascons,'
ing to a method finely selective, and not
games:-
published in 1885. To set forth in print a
arranged in alphabetical order, a negative
roll that has already been published is not
but essential virtue. What it lacks is, we "Admiration for athletics, indeed, was carried perhaps the best way of using public money
think, the goad of adventurousness, driving to an almost absurd extreme. . an entire absorp; badly needed for
the seeker along unaccustomed paths, to
more pressing work.
It is true that a book published in England
gather an even richer store of beauty other interests, cannot be called a healthy feature
is more accessible than one published in
than can be culled along the familiar high-
ways.
The task has been no light one, But this is bound to continue so long as
Paris, and that Michel supplied a bad text,
while that now printed is
and Prof. Cowl must have had many struggles the school work is made hopelessly un-
a good one ;
but M. Bémont, in his supplement to Michel's
in the choice of what to reject and what to attractive. It is a pity Mr. Nevill has not volume, issued in 1896, gave a careful
include.
devoted part of his book to some considera- list of the corrections and additions necessary
Certain limitations and amplifications of tion of the interesting problem how
the work demand criticism. We observe that, the sons of our aristocracy are to be curiousness about what goes on outside the
though Dekker is represented, Nashe and properly trained and decently educated Record Office, those responsible for this
Sir Philip Sidney are excluded. Some of according to the most modern notions, volume give us no word of warning that
Nashe's brilliant jeux d'esprit approach the or how, in the stern competition of an in- part of what they print has been published
borderland of imaginative writing, if they are creasingly democratic State, where birth is no already. We trust that if a fifth volume
not actually within it; and surely *The longer to be accorded special advantages, of the official Close Rolls is issued, it will not
Apologie for Poetrie'contains as resonant and they are to be adequately equipped and not largely consist of Michel's and Bémont's
beautiful language as can be found through. I seriously handicapped in the battle of life. 'work done over again.
Such
## p. 307 (#237) ############################################
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
307
THE ATHENÆUM
8
6
as
Apart from this the present volume leaves Sir Walter Raleigh in the Guiana expedition
nothing to be desired. Unstinted praise " Cousin Herbert as Raleigh called him MR. L. G. CHIOZZA MONEY has reprinted
should be given to the Index, compiled in a letter printed in a previous volume. an interesting, but inconsequent selection
by Mr. A. S. Maskelyne, which is But, unfortunately, none of the supple- of articles in Things that Matter (Methuen),
model of what such a thing should be. mentary material contained in this volume in which he adopts the bedside manner
It is not only accurate and full, seldom has been included in the index. Moreover, towards several of the problems that face
leaving even an obscure reference in the instead of one general index, extending to democracy. But the complexity of the
text unindexed, but is also of remarkably 362 pages, there should have been separate social problem forbids its treatment as an
high quality as regards the identification of indexes of persons, places, and subjects aggregation of petty problems. It demands
place-names. In particular, difficult Gascon respectively. The minutes of the Council broad, generic study. In
Riches and
place-names have been traced to their meetings since 1835 and all equally modern Poverty Mr. Money brought logic and
modern forms with a skill worthy of M. matter might also have been indexed sepa precision to bear in proving his case.
In
Bémont himself. Moreover, a subject-index rately.
the present work he attempts confusedly
has been accomplished with almost complete But despite the defects noticeable in the to prove twenty-eight cases, and analyzes
success on a large scale. Such entries as whole series of six volumes, especially its trivialities. In one article the rise in prices
Ireland, London, Oxford, Wales, and West- sad lack of chronological arrangement, is the consequence of trusts, in another
minster are detailed and valuable. Even more Cardiff is to be heartily congratulated on of the squandering of natural resources.
useful are such heads as 'Castles,' Jews,' the completion of a monumental work, Statistics inevitably accompany Mr. Money
‘Ships,' and 'Taxation. Some difficult Latin executed on a generous scale, and worthy in in his search for truth, not always with happy
words of the text are wisely noted in the every respect of the city's claim to be the results. The table on p. 72, for examplo
Index. Trades and offices are also indexed capital of Wales.
(* Destinations of British Emigrants ),
with profitable results. When so much is
appears to have been compiled from
done for our comfort, it is hardly grateful to
memory, for it frequently diverges from the
complain of an occasional omission such
Statistical
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
corresponding figures in the
treasurers,” and an occasional eccen-
Abstract for the United Kingdom. '
tricity such as that which indexes Edward, Mary Wollstonecraft. By Camilla Jebb. The reasoning is seldom close and con.
son of Odo, under “Odo,' and Artaud de (Herbert & Daniel. )—Mary Wollstonecraft secutive ; Mr. Money sees nothing outrageous
Saint-Romain under "Seinte Romayne. ' was one of those interesting women whose in drawing deductions from a comparison
leading passion is for justice and whose of the exports and wages of Germany
Cardif Records : being Materials for the strongest instinct is for personal independ. and the United States, entirely overlooking
those
History of the County Borough from the traditions, has existed probably in every countries. The extraordinary inequality of
The type, unrecognized by masculine the economic differences between
Earliest Times. -Vol. VI: . Supplementary period, although never in large numbers. the book is its greatest defect.
The diversity
Chapters and Index. (Published by Order Such women are, by the nature of the case, of the subject matter—which includes wages,
of the Corporation, Cardiff, and sold by persons of nobility and of character, a aeroplanes, hobble-skirts, and bottles -leaves
has been added to the series of Cardiff passionate concern for justice being incom: the impression of a quick succession of
Records, partly in order to supply, an of the meaner vices.
patible with selfishness as well as most conjuring tricks.
United, as it was
absolutely necessary index to the preceding in Mary Wollstonecraft, with warm affec-
five volumes, and partly (we suspect) in order tions and remarkable powers of mind,
The History of the Bengali Language and
it
to chronicle certain events of importance made her an outstanding figure :, to her
Literature. By Dinesh Chandra Sen. (Cal.
to Cardiff which have occurred since the issue
of the fifth volume in 1905. The selection of
own period, half-dangerous, half-ridiculous; interesting to compare this stout volume of
cutta, published by the University. "
It is
Cardiff as the place for the National Museum
to ours, one of the pioneers of her century,
the thinker who
of Wales; the grant of a charter, raising the vital ideas
first directed certain
over 1,000 pages with the late R. C. Dutt's
to the
town to the rank of a city; and a royal they still flow, the writer whose thoughts the beginnings up to 1895 as they were known
channels in which little handbook on the literature of Bengal.
The latter dealt with Bengali letters from
visit in 1907, when its new city hall was
opened, would naturally seem to the Records
and feelings remain true for us, while almost
“
to educated Bengalis who took an intelligent
Committee of the Corporation worthy of Poetical or finely imaginative she was not, interest in the literature of their country:
treatment by an official historiographer. and her "style Yacks distinction, but the Mr. Sen’s book only
takes us as far as 1850,
volume opens with a summary of the chief gifts of clear insight and plain 'statement and omits such modern writers as the
novelist Bankim Chandra Chatturji, the
notices of Cardiff in the Arthurian romances, plainly enough from the extracts in "Miss poet Navin Chandra Sen, and Mr. Dutt him-
Jebb's selection.
as
topography is so accurately described as to
Her life was like her character, and her The size of the book is due to the fact that
suggest that its writer must have been well character matched exactly the face of which it represents many years of laborious investi-
acquainted with the town and district. A
chapter on royal visits to Cardiff includes National Gallery, and the other in the 1898 by the same author's excellent vernacu:
Opie painted two portraits-one now in the gation and research. It was preceded in
several previously unpublished documents National Portrait Gallery :
from the Phillipps MSS. (thrice printed as dignified, and tender, most unmistakably Language and Literature '), which was pub-
calm, strong, lar work ‘Vanga Bhāsā o Sāhitya '(' Bengali
Library, relating to Charles I.
's visit in 1645, teristic was her abduction of an insane sister Sāhitya Parisat,” a society whose journal is
that of a genuine person. Eminently charac. lished under the auspices of the “Vangiya
and the manner in which the royalists of
the county, incensed by Col. Gerard's
from a husband whose conduct was. she probably better known in Berlin and Paris
exactions, insisted on having their grievances intervention was justified by the fact that the philological and historical articles on the
believed, aggravating the disease ; and her than in London, and contains excellent
redressed before they supplied more troops sister, being removed, recovered. That she Bengali language. As to the literature, Mr,
or money. But apart from the interest of regarded the ceremony as a comparatively Sen is a most painstaking, well-informed,
these documents, the chapter has been
written in a perfunctory manner.
unessential part of marriage is also charac. and, withal, delightful guide. Bengali lite-
It makes
teristic :
no reference to the fact that both William I.
to her, forms and conventions rature is essentially Hindu, charged with
in 1081, and Henry II. in 1163, must have feeling everything. To her, Imlay was as much
were always nothing, the inner realities of Sanskrit associations and allusiveness, and
no one but a convinced Hindu could do
passed through Cardiff
, as each of them is her husband as any rite could have made justice to its qualities. Mr. Sen has brought
known to have marched to West Wales him, and his desertion of her came near to to light many authors forgotten by their
along the coast road.
in the district, if not indeed in Cardiff itself, driving her mad. A smaller woman might own countrymen, and deals with these and
in 1405, when he relieved Coity Castle, and
have become embittered, but there was no better · known writers in a spirit of genial
probably also two years previously, when loved her child, and earned her living and criticisms very agreeable reading, even to
room for bitterness in her large heart. She and generous appreciation which makes his
and likewise Cromwell (whose visit in 1648 is settled happiness opened.
returning from Carmarthen to Gloucester ; recovered; and by and by a fresh hope of the European who may hitherto have been
Her married
recorded) must have passed through on his life with Godwin closed too quickly for a
unaware of the imagination and eloquence
hidden between the often dingy covers of
way to Ireland in 1649.
second disillusion.
books printed, in ever-growing numbers,
Imbedded among some notes
on the
Miss Jebb's little volume, with its excel in Bengal. Among the early Bengali poets,
illustrations in previous volumes-notes lent biographical introduction and its well. the most popular is Mukunda Ram, who
which should never have been separated chosen extracts from the letters as well lived in the sixteenth century. Some of his
from the illustrations—are some interesting as the writings of Mary Wollstonecraft, poetry has had the honour of being trans-
references to the association of William gives in a brief compassº a good idea of lated into English verse by Prof. Cowell,
Herbert of St, Fagan's, near Cardiff, with her remarkable personality,
and many of his successors merely polished
## p. 308 (#238) ############################################
308
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
66
and refined upon his themes. Cowell paid Of course, there is another aspect of the timid than himself continue to plod in orderly
Mukunda Ram the compliment of comparing question. Prof. Hobhouse has made terms fashion behind. The main theme running
him to Crabbe, on account of his homely with Darwinism, but he is the spiritual throughout the collection is the vexed
realism. Mr. Sen does full justice to the descendant of T. H. Green. On the other question of poverty, as initiated by St.
influence of English education on Bengali side are the Eugenists, who inherit the Francis, but all too soon either neglected or
methods of thought and expression; and his Spencerian tradition shorn of its crudities. formalized by his followers. On such a sub-
appreciation of Dr. Carey as an innovator Grasping the fact that natural selection is ject we are inclined to listen with greater
in Bengali style and the forerunner of some selection for some end unspecified, they put respect when the essays are signed by
of the most original of Bengali authors is rational selection in its place. To them pro- members of the same order, who, in spite of
both generous and just. It is delightful to gress is racial, not social, and environment glaring materialism, still have the grace to
find that those masterpieces of homely is negligible, compared with breeding. But
But maintain the more ancient and, to many
humour, 'Allāler Gharer Dulāl' and 'Hutum their conclusions go at present beyond their minds, the higher way. The descriptions
Pechār Naksa,' owe their origin to the premises. Analogies from racehorses are of St. Clare and of Angela of Foligno are of
inspiration of a kindly and sympathetic totally insufficient. We do not know if we can genuine value, displaying far more than a
Christian missionary.
produce by selective mating men of strong mere relation of facts, and instinct with a
We must not conclude without saying a
will and other desirable qualities. Our life profound knowledge of the lights and shades,
word as to Mr. Sen's more purely philological is not merely an affair of brawn and sinew, heights and depths, struggles and victories,
inquiries. Here he is practically a pioneer, and our values are not health-values, as which characterized the romance of mysti-
and has, in some respects, a more difficult in 'Erowhon,' where fever was a felony, and cism. One impression at least survives,
task. The relations of Bengali to Sanskrit influenza an indictable offence. In measures namely, the enormous influence of woman
closely resemble those of French to Latin. for preventing the transmission of hereditary over the life of man; and we owe no small
It shares with French the power (not so
taints we can go a little way with the debt of gratitude to those who, with great
freely used in other vernaculars) of borrowing Eugenists; for the rest, the present reviewer delicacy and refinement, have thus reminded
what French grammarians call noms agrees with Prof. Hobhouse in assuming no us of the possibility of friendship in Christ
d'origine savante as well as “noms "d'ori. wholesale connexion between eugenic means on its highest plane. We earnestly recom,
gine populaire. ” On the Sanskrit and and moral ends.
mend this little volume as a most useful
Prakrit origins of Bengali speech Mr. Sen
study, warning our readers, however, against
is a well-established authority. But Bengali MR. ORME CLARKE's book The National | the danger of luxuriating in theory on the
is largely used by people whose ancestors Insurance Act, 1911 (Butterworth & Co. ), subject of sacrifice, which can alone be
spoke, in the South a Dravidian speech, contains a full introductory summary giving understood by its genuine disciples in any
and in the North-East of Bengal some form a general outline of the Health and Un- circumstances, and in any age.
of the Bodo or Koch tongue, and Mr. Sen employment sections, followed by the Act STUDENTS, especially those who are read.
would, no doubt, be the first to admit that itself fully annotated.
ing for University_honours, will welcome
the influence of these on idiom still awaits Regarding the maternity benefit, the author the Constitutional History of England since
adequate investigation. The phonology of points out that the use of the word con- the Accession of George the Third, by Sir
Bengali, too, needs careful examination. The finement” in the section will lead to diffi- Thomas Erskine May, edited and continued
absence of wordstress makes itself seen culty, as this word is not found in medical to 1911 by Francis Holland, 3 vols. (Long.
clearly in loan-words taken from Hindi, and dictionaries, and is really a polite euphemism mans & Co. ). A new edition of this work
affects their orthography. There is still which has passed into current usage. has long been wanted, since, with all its
plenty of work to do, but Mr. Sen may justly The unemployment provisions of the Act faults, its Whiggishness, and complacent
congratulate himself on the fact that in have special interest at this present time of acceptance of current political formulas, it
middle age he has done more for the history labour unrest. Benefits are not to be paid makes an admirable textbook. It may come
of his national language and literature than to striking or locked-out workmen, but this badly out of a comparison with other works
any other writer of his own or, indeed, any provision does not apply to cases in which the on much the same subject, such, for example,
time,
lock-out is occasioned by the inability of the as Sir William Anson's 'Law and Custom
employer to carry on his business owing to of the Constitution’; but, though its
Social Evolution and Political Theory. By strikes in other businesses. The Board of thinking may be shallow, the thoughts are
L. T. Hobhouse. (Columbia University Trade may delegate the management of clearly conveyed. In editing the familiar
Press; London, Frowde. /Forty years ago the unemployment benefits to the various pages Mr. Holland has confined himself to
Darwinism, dominant everywhere, was the trade unions under certain conditions, and correcting some inaccuracies and adding
last word in political science. We are wiser the practical effect of this arrangement in a few foot-notes. Therein he has exercised
now, and we are going to leave last words to the direction of extending or limiting the a wise discretion, since even the substitution
the last man. The apostles of Evolution power of the trade unions will be a factor of adequate authorities for such antiquated
were happy in possessing a standard of of immense importance in future struggles writers as Adolphus, Roebuck, and Massey
universal application and a key to all the between capital and labour.
could hardly have been attempted without
problems of thought. But the aim of life The Introduction by the Solicitor-General interfering with the body of the book. In
cannot be extracted from a hypothesis which is disappointing. After remarking that “no the end å rewriting could not have been
co-ordinates life's facts, and, discovering one can express a well-founded opinion of the avoided, and such hybrid productions gen-
this, men turned in disappointment to the Act without devoting a quite inordinate erally fail to satisfy.
other extreme. The influence of Goethe had amount of time and trouble to studying it- Mr. Holland's continuation of Erskine
made Hegel familiar with the idea, and even not less time and trouble, let us say, than a May, embracing the years 1860–1911, is
the name of evolution ; Hegel rejected it in lady would spend in choosing a new dress a good deal more copious than the original
favour of Emanation, or the explanation of or a man in selecting a new motor-car" treatise. Two fairly slim volumes conduct
the lower in terms of the higher; and -Sir John Simon explains why in his the constitution through the trials of strength
T. H. Green followed him.
opinion both parts of the Act should come between George III. and the Whigs, the
No such choice confronts us In into force at the same time, and concludes outwitting of Grey and Grenville by George
Social Evolution and Political Theory' by remarking that amendments of the Act IV. , the Act of Reform, and the gradual
Prof. Hobhouse inquires how the State can are certain. With this remark we are entirely transformation of Whiggism into Liberalism;
realize the end which his social philosophy in accord.
but Mr. Holland's survey of the remaining
demands. Tracing the relation of social to
period occupies a large tome of over 380
biological evolution, he inquires what pro- Franciscan Essays. By Paul Sabatier pages. He is evidently an author who
gress is, and how far it is possible. To sum. and Others. (Aberdeen University Press. ) likes plenty of elbow-room, and here and
marize his answer to these questions would --No one can lay down this charming collec- there the historian gives place to the essayist.
be to say badly what he has said well. Let tion of essays on St. Francis and kindred Still, his chapters afford evidence of ample
it suffice that he takes a fuller development saints without being impelled to inquire knowledge; they cover the whole field of
of faculties to be at least a vital part of the concerning the relation of the ideals after self-government, and their conclusions are
State's end. This is in essence moral, and which they strove to the modern aspect of sagacious and moderate. Seldom has there
apparently unconnected with, if not opposed religion. The world never tires of memoirs been such an impartial historian: even in
to, the biological process. But the struggle which have the instinct of power at the dealing with such a fiercely controverted
for existence and the survival of the fittest, back of them, whether of Napoleon or of measure as the Parliament Bill, he takes
adequate perhaps in biology, are inadequate the son of Bernardoni:
the one accomplished care that the positions of both sides are
to explain social life. Mutual aid," for it by pomp, and the other by poverty. Each fairly set forth. In exposition, notably
instance, makes for the survival of a group essay furnishes an attraction of its own; when he is expounding the meaning of the
by eliminating the struggle for existence and it is worthy of note how M. Sabatier, Commonwealth of Australia Act, he is con-
within that group: On these lines Prof. with characteristic grace, defines the un spicuously successful. We only regret the
Hobhouse argues that progress is social and orthodoxy of his hero as that of a pioneer absence of a bibliography and the paucity
progress is possible,
on the road along which masses more
of references to authorities.
now.
3
## p. 309 (#239) ############################################
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
309
66
Freemasonry is either a social and bene-
Fine Art and Archæology.
FREEMASONRY.
volent society dating, as he tells us, from
1717, when the four London lodges formed Lynam (Charles), The Abbey of St. Mary, Crowden,
Staffs, 25/
Sprague
Your notice of the 'Histoire abrégée de what is now the United Grand Lodge of
at the Apple Tree Tavern, Covent Garden,
An excellent historic and architectural account
la Franc-Maçonnerie,' by R. F. Gould, shows England, or it is, as I believe, the lineal
of the important Cistercian house of Croxden.
The extensive ruins have recently been care-
a want of information on its subject and on descendant of the mysteries, inheriting fully repaired, and much of the plan of both
other things very rare in Athencum reviews.
therefrom its archaic formulæ, its wealth of
church and conventual buildings uncovered.
Gould's History of Freemasonry,' though spiritual significances veiled in allegory
It now almost vies in interest with some of the
a respectable compilation enough, was
celebrated Yorkshire abbeys of the same order.
and illustrated by symbols.
Mr. Lynam has made good use of his powers
not a world-stirring work; and the pro-
THE REVIEWER. both as an antiquary and an architect, and
minence that you have given to the French
the result is a thorough and trustworthy
version of its abridgment is a little hard to
monograph. The large ground plan, coloured
account for at this time of day. Few
according to four different periods, from late
learned members of the craft, for instance,
twelfth century to late fifteenth, is admirably
executed.
would
The book is profusely illustrated
agree that the rhetorical remarks
which your reviewer puts into the mouth of
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
with 75 full-sized plates.
Rees (Rev. T. Mardy), Welsh Painters, Engravers,
Mr. Gould about the Moors shedding the
light of some torch or another upon Spain review. ]
[Notice in these columns does not preclude longer
Sculptors (1527–1911), Arranged Alphabetic-
ally, with Thirty Portraits.
from 712 to about 1250" can have any
Carnarvon, Welsh Publishing Co.
connexion with Freemasonry, which did
ENGLISH.
This catalogue is heralded by a prefatory
flourish, of which we cannot understand the
not exist at that period. Count Goblet
Thcology.
d'Alviella—whom your reviewer calls “D’Al.
meaning. We confess to ignorance of the
marvellous achievements of Welsh artists. "
viella”-puts thë matter in a nutshell Brown (William Adams), The Christian Hope : It is unquestionable that the Welsh faculty
when he says :-
a Study in the Doctrine of Immortality, 2/6 net:
for painting is inferior to the English, Scotch,
Duckworth
and Irish, the national genius running into
"" Il n'est plus possible aujourd'hui de contester A comprehensive view of the history of
other moulds of artistic expression. Mr. Frank
que la Franc-Maçonnerie, telle que nous la voyons man's belief in personal immortality, and the
Brangwyn is the only modern Anglo-Welshman
fonctionner sous nos yeux, ne soit sortie des validity of that belief. In the first half of the
worth a long descriptive notice.
quatre Loges, professionnelles qui s'unirent à
Londres en 1717. . . .
book the author sketches the growth and in-
Poctry and Drama.
fluence of the pagan, Jewish, early Christian,
and modern conceptions, concluding with Brett-Smith (H. F. Brett), Poems of the North,
In his concluding paragraph, again, your what he holds to be the true position, and 2/6 net. Oxford, Blackwell; London, Unwin
reviewer puts forward the statement that an estimate of its religious significance. A We perceive in Mr. Brett-Smith's verse the
the exclusion of women from the Mithraic
selected bibliography adds considerably to the output of a literary taste accustomed to critical
mysteries preceded their downfall. "
value of this useful book. It is one of the rather than creative work. His expression has
Studies in Theology Series.
a curious pseudo-activity, the vigour of a
certainly did, and he might have added that Gray (G. B. ), A Critical and Exegetical Com-
dilettante, perishable before the breath of
it also preceded their rise to popular favour
and their spread over the whole of the Roman
mentary on the Book of Isaiah,. Vol. I. Intro-
actuality. Though not consciously imitative,
duction and Commentary on I. -XXVII. , 12/
he may be said to reflect certain styles more
Empire. Never at any time, from their
than others. His best achievement lies, we
Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark
think, in the Scandinavian songs, which abound
introduction in Pompey's time until Dio- This work on Isaiah, in The International
in pleasant vignettes. It is as a pictorial
cletian and his colleagues proclaimed Mithras
Critical Commentary,' was to have been written artist rather than a thinker that he claims
the protector of their reconstituted state,
by Dr. A. B. Davidson. After his death it attention.
were women admitted to his mysteries.
was divided between Prof. Gray, who is solely Childe (Wilfred Rowland), The Little City, 1/ net.
responsible for the volume before us, and Dr.
On the consequences of the innovation that he
Oxford, Blackwell ; London, Simpkin
Peake, who is dealing with the remaining
thus wrongly imagines, your reviewer founds
A second impression of some pleasing, if not
chapters in another.
on visiting a University town, is only
trayed the well-favoured housewives and purporting to show the railways, it does
not show them all.
conscious of a
maidens of the different regions, and divert-
feeling of ineradicable
contagion. ” If he were to judge of Oxford
ing is the account of their garde-robes.
Miss Canziani could not understand the
THAT there is some danger of Indian wit from the specimens in this volume, we
differences between the uncared-for, even
Frontier problems being neglected on account could heartily sympathize with his depression,
squalid cabins and the spick - and - span in England and the parts of the Empiro wide reading, have collected scarcely a jest
of internal unrest is very probable, specially for, indeed, the authors, in spite of their
feminine attire
Sundays. She
discovered that the garde-robe here, like and the Indian
remoto from that locality, so Gun-Running worth printing, or an anecdote that is not
North - West Frontier, by flat and unprofitable. But these are acci.
that of Marie Antoinette and fashionable Mr. Arnold Keppel (John Murray), may dentals, like the idiosyncrasies of a par-
ladies of to-day, stood for no mere wardrobe, be welcomed as inviting attention to the
ticular don, or the domestic habits of a
but a room ; here, indeed,
a building connexion between maritime supremacy particular era, Monastic colleges succeeded
devoted to clothes.
In a little wooden in the Persian Gulf, whereby the arms and halls, and villas are supplanting the monas-
folded garments on shelves : bodices, shawls, the N. -W. Frontier is controlled, and the
lodge adjoining the cottage she saw neatly ammunition traffic with Afghanistan and teries. But in each age the glamour and
the influence of Oxford have persisted.
aprons, and the rest, the whole making up tribal disturbances which from time to time Strangers look with eyes of admiration, or
a goodly show.
arise in the borderland. There is abundant askance, upon this accidental or upon that.
With the same artless
grace
insects,
evidence that the trade has been brisk, and They think that Oxford is an affair of
flowers, birds, and natural aspects are
has already reached such a point that an
lawns or boat-races, of port, theology, dons,
nursery - maids.
But her charm is a
treated. One day, as the artist was sketching extensive rising on our frontier is now
in a flowery field just ready for the mower's
much more serious business than of old, the fluid thing, and her influence eternal,
scythe, she saw 'lovely blue and crimson tribesmen being armed with modern rifles. because with each generation she renews
winged grasshoppers, the dainty creatures Consequently the need for complete control her youth, ever receiving, in surroundings
of natural and architectural loveliness, the
proving no less sociable than the peasant by the blockading squadron, 'in order to
folk. They would sit on her paint - box, preserve peace on the Indian border, is heirs of the future to dwell in her halls
enjoying cadmium and aureolin, and imperative. Indeed, it may be feared that and be inspired by the lessons of the
loved to suck paints from her fingers. supervision comes rather late; and a further past.
They also appreciated music, and with the complication is supplied by the attitude of
lizards would remain stockstill so long as
Afghanistan and the Amir of Kabul. The Das Oxforder Buch Deutscher Dichtung vom
she whistled to them. Of flower lore and
book_generally is based on articles to 12ten bis zum 20sten Jahrhundert. Herausge-
legend we find a good deal. There is a The Times and on experience gained in a geben von H. G. Fiedler, mit einem Geleit-
certain monotony in the portraits, and the comparatively short space of time ; a cold worte von Gerhart Hauptmann. (Oxford,
colouring must be charged with crudeness, weather” was apparently spent in Peshawar, Clarendon Press. ) — Prof. Fiedler's selection
but the drawing is excellent. The subjects
and it is not clear what time was occu- inspires, perhaps, satisfaction rather than
from models are far superior to the land-
pied in extensive travel about Persian enthusiasm. Capable scholarship, wide read-
Mekran, the Gulf of Oman, and the Persian ing, and sound judgment have clearly gone
scapes.
Gulf. The conclusions arrived at by the to the making of it, but the sure and sensitive
The collection of songs and tunes would author are, so far as we understand them, critical faculty that rejects all but the best,
have gained in interest if dated. On pp. sound; his power of description is con- and perceives excellence which has been
19 and 79 occur mistakes in the time value siderable and his style pleasant. The photo- overlooked by others, is not conspicuously
of notes; in the latter (Chanson de Fileuses') graphic illustrations are well chosen and
in evidence. However, we are sincerely
two slips have escaped notice.
reproduced.
grateful for what is in many respects the
seen
on
a
or
9
## p. 306 (#236) ############################################
306
THE ATHEN ÆUM
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
room.
con-
most satisfactory anthology of German out the range of English literature. Wilde The school song ends * Floreat Etona,
verse that has been published in this country, is represented in three excerpts, and floreat, forebit. " It is the future that is
and we trust that it may succeed in making Pater, who is next to him, in one, which is doubtful. The book, we may add, is adorned
English readers better acquainted with the a disproportionate dispensation. Neither with some interesting reproductions of old
work of various poets who are still too little Stevenson nor Swinburne finds a place, in prints and pictures.
known among us, and who are here at last spite of the fact that the polish of the one
represented with some adequacy; we may and the excess of the other are not always
THE third edition of The Harrow School
mention specially Mörike, Hebbel, Conrad over-emphasized to the detriment of rhythmi: Register, 1800-1911 (Longmans), is edited by
Ferdinand Meyer, and Gottfried Keller. cal and impassioned expression. Perhaps M. J. Dauglish and Mr. P. K. Stephenson.
The range covered by the volume is wide, considerations of copyright have excluded the services of the former, always given
but the earlier periods have only a meagre them. We are glad to see that Donne, freely for his old school, were cut short by
space allotted to them. Four or five pages Hooker, and Jeremy Taylor, less lauded his sad death in February of last year. Mr.
of extracts from the Minnesingers, trans- than Sir Thomas Browne, are given ample Stephenson, too, being appointed to a post
lated by the editor-not always very success-
There is an excellent and succinct in Melbourne, has now given over his duties
fully-into modern German, and sometimes, preface.
to Mr. Lionel Hewitt. In spite of these
as in the case of Walther von der Vogelweide's
difficulties, the Register, now first under-
* Elegie,' consisting merely of a single stanza
taken by the Harrow Association, shows
from a longer poem, together with a few
admirable care in its preparation, and in
samples of Freidank, exhaust the twelfth
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
every case where we have looked for the
and thirteenth centuries; the fourteenth is,
latest details of the careers of old boys, we
not without justification, left a blank; and
Floreat Etona. By Ralph Nevill. . . (Mac-Mr. Dauglish was gathering when he died
have found them satisfactorily recorded.
the fifteenth and sixteenth are also rather
summarily disposed of—we should have millan. ) --Eton inspires in almost all its boys
welcomed, for example, a more liberal
a peculiar devotion which never leaves them matter concerning the century-old history of
throughout their lives, and which often Harrow, and the present volume includes a
selection from the delightfulen Holkslieder draws them together again in after years. good many names and facts of interest from
of the times. From the seventeenth century In this way unhappily the school manages
It is hoped to carry these
onwards, however, we get abundance and
variety; the scope of the book includes to escape some well-directed criticism, for records further back.
only an old Etonian is thought com-
The term as well as the year of entry is
not only the lyric proper, but also light verse,
ballads, and narrative poems, and a
petent to criticize such a unique and printed at the top of each page, and each
The Index,
siderable number of the didactic Sprüche to peculiar institution. Mr. Nevill has evidently section is in alphabetical order.
which the German Muse has always been greatly enjoyed the task of collecting which is full and accurate, would, we think,
memories and anecdotes, and this must be be simplified by adding merely a reference
partial. It is, of course, inevitable that we
should look in vain for certain favourite or
his excuse for adding yet another book to to the page on which a name occurs.
familiar poems—the absence of such på already in existence. Nearly all his stories
the large collection of volumes on Eton
triotic songs as Die Wacht am Rhein and of the past have appeared before. We
'Deutschland, Deutschland
is perhaps worth noting—but most of the look therefore to his account of modern
Eton for something new, and here for
RECORDS AND CLOSE ROLLS.
pieces that one has a right to expect in a
collection of this kind are duly included,
a few pages he is justly severe. He
Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III.
and we find plenty of others Tess known speaks of the heaven of indolence which preserved in the Public Record Office, A. D.
that are well worthy of a place beside them.
permeates the school,” and says that there
1237-42. (Stationery Office. )—This, the
are now
The editor has not followed the example
fourth volume of the Deputy-Keeper's
of Mr. St. John Lucas in the Oxford books an increasing number of sons of millionaire • Close Rolls of Henry III. ,' supplies, like
of French and Italian verse, by giving a parvenus who are allowed extravagant sums by its predecessors, the Latin text of all
parents anxious to forward the social success
preliminary sketch of German poetry and of their offspring by any kind of means.
those valuable documents up to 1242. No
its development, his introductory note being parents have for the most part no real wish that
reason is given in the few lines with which
almost entirely formal. The explanatory their boys should be educated at all, and send them
the Deputy-Keeper ushers in this volume why
notes at the end of the volume are commend-
to Eton simply to form friendships and to be the Close Rolls should still be reserved for
ably brief and to the point, and we welcome, enjoys the reputation of being a fashionable in full. The Patent Rolls, printed in full
turned into gentlemen ; or perhaps because Eton the exclusive distinction of being printed
as of special interest and value, the mention school. ”
of the best musical settings of the poems.
up to 1232, were thenceforth summarized
Germany is peculiarly rich in such composi- He considers, however, that there is less in a Calendar, and it is hard to understand
tions, and in many cases the music affords idleness now than thirty or forty years ago,
why the Close Rolls should receive prefer-
the best possible commentary on the words. when in many respects
ential treatment. Perhaps this is the last
The little preface by Gerhart Hauptmann
volume of the text, since there are no
strikes us as a trifle perfunctory and dis-
“the school work was idiotically useless and bad, announcements of further instalments of
appointing : it says à few. obvious and to entail a maximum of drudgery with a mini- in the advertisement at the end of this
a great part of it having seemingly been devised
it, or of Calendar in lieu of it,
amiable things in a sufficiently obvious mum of useful information. "
manner, but there is nothing of any real
volume. If, however, the Record Office
consequence in it. Of the admirable form But we may doubt whether there is any thinks fit to continue to publish the Close
of the book we cannot speak too highly.
fundamental change except the exercise of Rolls in full, we hope it will not continue the
more pressure to bring boys up to the neces- mistake made, perhaps in inadvertence, in
sary standard for examinations. Mr. Nevill the later pages of this volume. The text
An Anthology of Imaginative Prose. By is also alive to the besetting sin of British printed between pp. 495 and 533 has already
Prof. R. P. Cowl. (Herbert & Daniel. ), public schools, namely, the disproportionate been printed in full by Francisque Michel
This is a genuine anthology, classified accord-
amount of time and attention bestowed on in the first volume of his Rôles Gascons,'
ing to a method finely selective, and not
games:-
published in 1885. To set forth in print a
arranged in alphabetical order, a negative
roll that has already been published is not
but essential virtue. What it lacks is, we "Admiration for athletics, indeed, was carried perhaps the best way of using public money
think, the goad of adventurousness, driving to an almost absurd extreme. . an entire absorp; badly needed for
the seeker along unaccustomed paths, to
more pressing work.
It is true that a book published in England
gather an even richer store of beauty other interests, cannot be called a healthy feature
is more accessible than one published in
than can be culled along the familiar high-
ways.
The task has been no light one, But this is bound to continue so long as
Paris, and that Michel supplied a bad text,
while that now printed is
and Prof. Cowl must have had many struggles the school work is made hopelessly un-
a good one ;
but M. Bémont, in his supplement to Michel's
in the choice of what to reject and what to attractive. It is a pity Mr. Nevill has not volume, issued in 1896, gave a careful
include.
devoted part of his book to some considera- list of the corrections and additions necessary
Certain limitations and amplifications of tion of the interesting problem how
the work demand criticism. We observe that, the sons of our aristocracy are to be curiousness about what goes on outside the
though Dekker is represented, Nashe and properly trained and decently educated Record Office, those responsible for this
Sir Philip Sidney are excluded. Some of according to the most modern notions, volume give us no word of warning that
Nashe's brilliant jeux d'esprit approach the or how, in the stern competition of an in- part of what they print has been published
borderland of imaginative writing, if they are creasingly democratic State, where birth is no already. We trust that if a fifth volume
not actually within it; and surely *The longer to be accorded special advantages, of the official Close Rolls is issued, it will not
Apologie for Poetrie'contains as resonant and they are to be adequately equipped and not largely consist of Michel's and Bémont's
beautiful language as can be found through. I seriously handicapped in the battle of life. 'work done over again.
Such
## p. 307 (#237) ############################################
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
307
THE ATHENÆUM
8
6
as
Apart from this the present volume leaves Sir Walter Raleigh in the Guiana expedition
nothing to be desired. Unstinted praise " Cousin Herbert as Raleigh called him MR. L. G. CHIOZZA MONEY has reprinted
should be given to the Index, compiled in a letter printed in a previous volume. an interesting, but inconsequent selection
by Mr. A. S. Maskelyne, which is But, unfortunately, none of the supple- of articles in Things that Matter (Methuen),
model of what such a thing should be. mentary material contained in this volume in which he adopts the bedside manner
It is not only accurate and full, seldom has been included in the index. Moreover, towards several of the problems that face
leaving even an obscure reference in the instead of one general index, extending to democracy. But the complexity of the
text unindexed, but is also of remarkably 362 pages, there should have been separate social problem forbids its treatment as an
high quality as regards the identification of indexes of persons, places, and subjects aggregation of petty problems. It demands
place-names. In particular, difficult Gascon respectively. The minutes of the Council broad, generic study. In
Riches and
place-names have been traced to their meetings since 1835 and all equally modern Poverty Mr. Money brought logic and
modern forms with a skill worthy of M. matter might also have been indexed sepa precision to bear in proving his case.
In
Bémont himself. Moreover, a subject-index rately.
the present work he attempts confusedly
has been accomplished with almost complete But despite the defects noticeable in the to prove twenty-eight cases, and analyzes
success on a large scale. Such entries as whole series of six volumes, especially its trivialities. In one article the rise in prices
Ireland, London, Oxford, Wales, and West- sad lack of chronological arrangement, is the consequence of trusts, in another
minster are detailed and valuable. Even more Cardiff is to be heartily congratulated on of the squandering of natural resources.
useful are such heads as 'Castles,' Jews,' the completion of a monumental work, Statistics inevitably accompany Mr. Money
‘Ships,' and 'Taxation. Some difficult Latin executed on a generous scale, and worthy in in his search for truth, not always with happy
words of the text are wisely noted in the every respect of the city's claim to be the results. The table on p. 72, for examplo
Index. Trades and offices are also indexed capital of Wales.
(* Destinations of British Emigrants ),
with profitable results. When so much is
appears to have been compiled from
done for our comfort, it is hardly grateful to
memory, for it frequently diverges from the
complain of an occasional omission such
Statistical
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
corresponding figures in the
treasurers,” and an occasional eccen-
Abstract for the United Kingdom. '
tricity such as that which indexes Edward, Mary Wollstonecraft. By Camilla Jebb. The reasoning is seldom close and con.
son of Odo, under “Odo,' and Artaud de (Herbert & Daniel. )—Mary Wollstonecraft secutive ; Mr. Money sees nothing outrageous
Saint-Romain under "Seinte Romayne. ' was one of those interesting women whose in drawing deductions from a comparison
leading passion is for justice and whose of the exports and wages of Germany
Cardif Records : being Materials for the strongest instinct is for personal independ. and the United States, entirely overlooking
those
History of the County Borough from the traditions, has existed probably in every countries. The extraordinary inequality of
The type, unrecognized by masculine the economic differences between
Earliest Times. -Vol. VI: . Supplementary period, although never in large numbers. the book is its greatest defect.
The diversity
Chapters and Index. (Published by Order Such women are, by the nature of the case, of the subject matter—which includes wages,
of the Corporation, Cardiff, and sold by persons of nobility and of character, a aeroplanes, hobble-skirts, and bottles -leaves
has been added to the series of Cardiff passionate concern for justice being incom: the impression of a quick succession of
Records, partly in order to supply, an of the meaner vices.
patible with selfishness as well as most conjuring tricks.
United, as it was
absolutely necessary index to the preceding in Mary Wollstonecraft, with warm affec-
five volumes, and partly (we suspect) in order tions and remarkable powers of mind,
The History of the Bengali Language and
it
to chronicle certain events of importance made her an outstanding figure :, to her
Literature. By Dinesh Chandra Sen. (Cal.
to Cardiff which have occurred since the issue
of the fifth volume in 1905. The selection of
own period, half-dangerous, half-ridiculous; interesting to compare this stout volume of
cutta, published by the University. "
It is
Cardiff as the place for the National Museum
to ours, one of the pioneers of her century,
the thinker who
of Wales; the grant of a charter, raising the vital ideas
first directed certain
over 1,000 pages with the late R. C. Dutt's
to the
town to the rank of a city; and a royal they still flow, the writer whose thoughts the beginnings up to 1895 as they were known
channels in which little handbook on the literature of Bengal.
The latter dealt with Bengali letters from
visit in 1907, when its new city hall was
opened, would naturally seem to the Records
and feelings remain true for us, while almost
“
to educated Bengalis who took an intelligent
Committee of the Corporation worthy of Poetical or finely imaginative she was not, interest in the literature of their country:
treatment by an official historiographer. and her "style Yacks distinction, but the Mr. Sen’s book only
takes us as far as 1850,
volume opens with a summary of the chief gifts of clear insight and plain 'statement and omits such modern writers as the
novelist Bankim Chandra Chatturji, the
notices of Cardiff in the Arthurian romances, plainly enough from the extracts in "Miss poet Navin Chandra Sen, and Mr. Dutt him-
Jebb's selection.
as
topography is so accurately described as to
Her life was like her character, and her The size of the book is due to the fact that
suggest that its writer must have been well character matched exactly the face of which it represents many years of laborious investi-
acquainted with the town and district. A
chapter on royal visits to Cardiff includes National Gallery, and the other in the 1898 by the same author's excellent vernacu:
Opie painted two portraits-one now in the gation and research. It was preceded in
several previously unpublished documents National Portrait Gallery :
from the Phillipps MSS. (thrice printed as dignified, and tender, most unmistakably Language and Literature '), which was pub-
calm, strong, lar work ‘Vanga Bhāsā o Sāhitya '(' Bengali
Library, relating to Charles I.
's visit in 1645, teristic was her abduction of an insane sister Sāhitya Parisat,” a society whose journal is
that of a genuine person. Eminently charac. lished under the auspices of the “Vangiya
and the manner in which the royalists of
the county, incensed by Col. Gerard's
from a husband whose conduct was. she probably better known in Berlin and Paris
exactions, insisted on having their grievances intervention was justified by the fact that the philological and historical articles on the
believed, aggravating the disease ; and her than in London, and contains excellent
redressed before they supplied more troops sister, being removed, recovered. That she Bengali language. As to the literature, Mr,
or money. But apart from the interest of regarded the ceremony as a comparatively Sen is a most painstaking, well-informed,
these documents, the chapter has been
written in a perfunctory manner.
unessential part of marriage is also charac. and, withal, delightful guide. Bengali lite-
It makes
teristic :
no reference to the fact that both William I.
to her, forms and conventions rature is essentially Hindu, charged with
in 1081, and Henry II. in 1163, must have feeling everything. To her, Imlay was as much
were always nothing, the inner realities of Sanskrit associations and allusiveness, and
no one but a convinced Hindu could do
passed through Cardiff
, as each of them is her husband as any rite could have made justice to its qualities. Mr. Sen has brought
known to have marched to West Wales him, and his desertion of her came near to to light many authors forgotten by their
along the coast road.
in the district, if not indeed in Cardiff itself, driving her mad. A smaller woman might own countrymen, and deals with these and
in 1405, when he relieved Coity Castle, and
have become embittered, but there was no better · known writers in a spirit of genial
probably also two years previously, when loved her child, and earned her living and criticisms very agreeable reading, even to
room for bitterness in her large heart. She and generous appreciation which makes his
and likewise Cromwell (whose visit in 1648 is settled happiness opened.
returning from Carmarthen to Gloucester ; recovered; and by and by a fresh hope of the European who may hitherto have been
Her married
recorded) must have passed through on his life with Godwin closed too quickly for a
unaware of the imagination and eloquence
hidden between the often dingy covers of
way to Ireland in 1649.
second disillusion.
books printed, in ever-growing numbers,
Imbedded among some notes
on the
Miss Jebb's little volume, with its excel in Bengal. Among the early Bengali poets,
illustrations in previous volumes-notes lent biographical introduction and its well. the most popular is Mukunda Ram, who
which should never have been separated chosen extracts from the letters as well lived in the sixteenth century. Some of his
from the illustrations—are some interesting as the writings of Mary Wollstonecraft, poetry has had the honour of being trans-
references to the association of William gives in a brief compassº a good idea of lated into English verse by Prof. Cowell,
Herbert of St, Fagan's, near Cardiff, with her remarkable personality,
and many of his successors merely polished
## p. 308 (#238) ############################################
308
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
66
and refined upon his themes. Cowell paid Of course, there is another aspect of the timid than himself continue to plod in orderly
Mukunda Ram the compliment of comparing question. Prof. Hobhouse has made terms fashion behind. The main theme running
him to Crabbe, on account of his homely with Darwinism, but he is the spiritual throughout the collection is the vexed
realism. Mr. Sen does full justice to the descendant of T. H. Green. On the other question of poverty, as initiated by St.
influence of English education on Bengali side are the Eugenists, who inherit the Francis, but all too soon either neglected or
methods of thought and expression; and his Spencerian tradition shorn of its crudities. formalized by his followers. On such a sub-
appreciation of Dr. Carey as an innovator Grasping the fact that natural selection is ject we are inclined to listen with greater
in Bengali style and the forerunner of some selection for some end unspecified, they put respect when the essays are signed by
of the most original of Bengali authors is rational selection in its place. To them pro- members of the same order, who, in spite of
both generous and just. It is delightful to gress is racial, not social, and environment glaring materialism, still have the grace to
find that those masterpieces of homely is negligible, compared with breeding. But
But maintain the more ancient and, to many
humour, 'Allāler Gharer Dulāl' and 'Hutum their conclusions go at present beyond their minds, the higher way. The descriptions
Pechār Naksa,' owe their origin to the premises. Analogies from racehorses are of St. Clare and of Angela of Foligno are of
inspiration of a kindly and sympathetic totally insufficient. We do not know if we can genuine value, displaying far more than a
Christian missionary.
produce by selective mating men of strong mere relation of facts, and instinct with a
We must not conclude without saying a
will and other desirable qualities. Our life profound knowledge of the lights and shades,
word as to Mr. Sen's more purely philological is not merely an affair of brawn and sinew, heights and depths, struggles and victories,
inquiries. Here he is practically a pioneer, and our values are not health-values, as which characterized the romance of mysti-
and has, in some respects, a more difficult in 'Erowhon,' where fever was a felony, and cism. One impression at least survives,
task. The relations of Bengali to Sanskrit influenza an indictable offence. In measures namely, the enormous influence of woman
closely resemble those of French to Latin. for preventing the transmission of hereditary over the life of man; and we owe no small
It shares with French the power (not so
taints we can go a little way with the debt of gratitude to those who, with great
freely used in other vernaculars) of borrowing Eugenists; for the rest, the present reviewer delicacy and refinement, have thus reminded
what French grammarians call noms agrees with Prof. Hobhouse in assuming no us of the possibility of friendship in Christ
d'origine savante as well as “noms "d'ori. wholesale connexion between eugenic means on its highest plane. We earnestly recom,
gine populaire. ” On the Sanskrit and and moral ends.
mend this little volume as a most useful
Prakrit origins of Bengali speech Mr. Sen
study, warning our readers, however, against
is a well-established authority. But Bengali MR. ORME CLARKE's book The National | the danger of luxuriating in theory on the
is largely used by people whose ancestors Insurance Act, 1911 (Butterworth & Co. ), subject of sacrifice, which can alone be
spoke, in the South a Dravidian speech, contains a full introductory summary giving understood by its genuine disciples in any
and in the North-East of Bengal some form a general outline of the Health and Un- circumstances, and in any age.
of the Bodo or Koch tongue, and Mr. Sen employment sections, followed by the Act STUDENTS, especially those who are read.
would, no doubt, be the first to admit that itself fully annotated.
ing for University_honours, will welcome
the influence of these on idiom still awaits Regarding the maternity benefit, the author the Constitutional History of England since
adequate investigation. The phonology of points out that the use of the word con- the Accession of George the Third, by Sir
Bengali, too, needs careful examination. The finement” in the section will lead to diffi- Thomas Erskine May, edited and continued
absence of wordstress makes itself seen culty, as this word is not found in medical to 1911 by Francis Holland, 3 vols. (Long.
clearly in loan-words taken from Hindi, and dictionaries, and is really a polite euphemism mans & Co. ). A new edition of this work
affects their orthography. There is still which has passed into current usage. has long been wanted, since, with all its
plenty of work to do, but Mr. Sen may justly The unemployment provisions of the Act faults, its Whiggishness, and complacent
congratulate himself on the fact that in have special interest at this present time of acceptance of current political formulas, it
middle age he has done more for the history labour unrest. Benefits are not to be paid makes an admirable textbook. It may come
of his national language and literature than to striking or locked-out workmen, but this badly out of a comparison with other works
any other writer of his own or, indeed, any provision does not apply to cases in which the on much the same subject, such, for example,
time,
lock-out is occasioned by the inability of the as Sir William Anson's 'Law and Custom
employer to carry on his business owing to of the Constitution’; but, though its
Social Evolution and Political Theory. By strikes in other businesses. The Board of thinking may be shallow, the thoughts are
L. T. Hobhouse. (Columbia University Trade may delegate the management of clearly conveyed. In editing the familiar
Press; London, Frowde. /Forty years ago the unemployment benefits to the various pages Mr. Holland has confined himself to
Darwinism, dominant everywhere, was the trade unions under certain conditions, and correcting some inaccuracies and adding
last word in political science. We are wiser the practical effect of this arrangement in a few foot-notes. Therein he has exercised
now, and we are going to leave last words to the direction of extending or limiting the a wise discretion, since even the substitution
the last man. The apostles of Evolution power of the trade unions will be a factor of adequate authorities for such antiquated
were happy in possessing a standard of of immense importance in future struggles writers as Adolphus, Roebuck, and Massey
universal application and a key to all the between capital and labour.
could hardly have been attempted without
problems of thought. But the aim of life The Introduction by the Solicitor-General interfering with the body of the book. In
cannot be extracted from a hypothesis which is disappointing. After remarking that “no the end å rewriting could not have been
co-ordinates life's facts, and, discovering one can express a well-founded opinion of the avoided, and such hybrid productions gen-
this, men turned in disappointment to the Act without devoting a quite inordinate erally fail to satisfy.
other extreme. The influence of Goethe had amount of time and trouble to studying it- Mr. Holland's continuation of Erskine
made Hegel familiar with the idea, and even not less time and trouble, let us say, than a May, embracing the years 1860–1911, is
the name of evolution ; Hegel rejected it in lady would spend in choosing a new dress a good deal more copious than the original
favour of Emanation, or the explanation of or a man in selecting a new motor-car" treatise. Two fairly slim volumes conduct
the lower in terms of the higher; and -Sir John Simon explains why in his the constitution through the trials of strength
T. H. Green followed him.
opinion both parts of the Act should come between George III. and the Whigs, the
No such choice confronts us In into force at the same time, and concludes outwitting of Grey and Grenville by George
Social Evolution and Political Theory' by remarking that amendments of the Act IV. , the Act of Reform, and the gradual
Prof. Hobhouse inquires how the State can are certain. With this remark we are entirely transformation of Whiggism into Liberalism;
realize the end which his social philosophy in accord.
but Mr. Holland's survey of the remaining
demands. Tracing the relation of social to
period occupies a large tome of over 380
biological evolution, he inquires what pro- Franciscan Essays. By Paul Sabatier pages. He is evidently an author who
gress is, and how far it is possible. To sum. and Others. (Aberdeen University Press. ) likes plenty of elbow-room, and here and
marize his answer to these questions would --No one can lay down this charming collec- there the historian gives place to the essayist.
be to say badly what he has said well. Let tion of essays on St. Francis and kindred Still, his chapters afford evidence of ample
it suffice that he takes a fuller development saints without being impelled to inquire knowledge; they cover the whole field of
of faculties to be at least a vital part of the concerning the relation of the ideals after self-government, and their conclusions are
State's end. This is in essence moral, and which they strove to the modern aspect of sagacious and moderate. Seldom has there
apparently unconnected with, if not opposed religion. The world never tires of memoirs been such an impartial historian: even in
to, the biological process. But the struggle which have the instinct of power at the dealing with such a fiercely controverted
for existence and the survival of the fittest, back of them, whether of Napoleon or of measure as the Parliament Bill, he takes
adequate perhaps in biology, are inadequate the son of Bernardoni:
the one accomplished care that the positions of both sides are
to explain social life. Mutual aid," for it by pomp, and the other by poverty. Each fairly set forth. In exposition, notably
instance, makes for the survival of a group essay furnishes an attraction of its own; when he is expounding the meaning of the
by eliminating the struggle for existence and it is worthy of note how M. Sabatier, Commonwealth of Australia Act, he is con-
within that group: On these lines Prof. with characteristic grace, defines the un spicuously successful. We only regret the
Hobhouse argues that progress is social and orthodoxy of his hero as that of a pioneer absence of a bibliography and the paucity
progress is possible,
on the road along which masses more
of references to authorities.
now.
3
## p. 309 (#239) ############################################
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
309
66
Freemasonry is either a social and bene-
Fine Art and Archæology.
FREEMASONRY.
volent society dating, as he tells us, from
1717, when the four London lodges formed Lynam (Charles), The Abbey of St. Mary, Crowden,
Staffs, 25/
Sprague
Your notice of the 'Histoire abrégée de what is now the United Grand Lodge of
at the Apple Tree Tavern, Covent Garden,
An excellent historic and architectural account
la Franc-Maçonnerie,' by R. F. Gould, shows England, or it is, as I believe, the lineal
of the important Cistercian house of Croxden.
The extensive ruins have recently been care-
a want of information on its subject and on descendant of the mysteries, inheriting fully repaired, and much of the plan of both
other things very rare in Athencum reviews.
therefrom its archaic formulæ, its wealth of
church and conventual buildings uncovered.
Gould's History of Freemasonry,' though spiritual significances veiled in allegory
It now almost vies in interest with some of the
a respectable compilation enough, was
celebrated Yorkshire abbeys of the same order.
and illustrated by symbols.
Mr. Lynam has made good use of his powers
not a world-stirring work; and the pro-
THE REVIEWER. both as an antiquary and an architect, and
minence that you have given to the French
the result is a thorough and trustworthy
version of its abridgment is a little hard to
monograph. The large ground plan, coloured
account for at this time of day. Few
according to four different periods, from late
learned members of the craft, for instance,
twelfth century to late fifteenth, is admirably
executed.
would
The book is profusely illustrated
agree that the rhetorical remarks
which your reviewer puts into the mouth of
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
with 75 full-sized plates.
Rees (Rev. T. Mardy), Welsh Painters, Engravers,
Mr. Gould about the Moors shedding the
light of some torch or another upon Spain review. ]
[Notice in these columns does not preclude longer
Sculptors (1527–1911), Arranged Alphabetic-
ally, with Thirty Portraits.
from 712 to about 1250" can have any
Carnarvon, Welsh Publishing Co.
connexion with Freemasonry, which did
ENGLISH.
This catalogue is heralded by a prefatory
flourish, of which we cannot understand the
not exist at that period. Count Goblet
Thcology.
d'Alviella—whom your reviewer calls “D’Al.
meaning. We confess to ignorance of the
marvellous achievements of Welsh artists. "
viella”-puts thë matter in a nutshell Brown (William Adams), The Christian Hope : It is unquestionable that the Welsh faculty
when he says :-
a Study in the Doctrine of Immortality, 2/6 net:
for painting is inferior to the English, Scotch,
Duckworth
and Irish, the national genius running into
"" Il n'est plus possible aujourd'hui de contester A comprehensive view of the history of
other moulds of artistic expression. Mr. Frank
que la Franc-Maçonnerie, telle que nous la voyons man's belief in personal immortality, and the
Brangwyn is the only modern Anglo-Welshman
fonctionner sous nos yeux, ne soit sortie des validity of that belief. In the first half of the
worth a long descriptive notice.
quatre Loges, professionnelles qui s'unirent à
Londres en 1717. . . .
book the author sketches the growth and in-
Poctry and Drama.
fluence of the pagan, Jewish, early Christian,
and modern conceptions, concluding with Brett-Smith (H. F. Brett), Poems of the North,
In his concluding paragraph, again, your what he holds to be the true position, and 2/6 net. Oxford, Blackwell; London, Unwin
reviewer puts forward the statement that an estimate of its religious significance. A We perceive in Mr. Brett-Smith's verse the
the exclusion of women from the Mithraic
selected bibliography adds considerably to the output of a literary taste accustomed to critical
mysteries preceded their downfall. "
value of this useful book. It is one of the rather than creative work. His expression has
Studies in Theology Series.
a curious pseudo-activity, the vigour of a
certainly did, and he might have added that Gray (G. B. ), A Critical and Exegetical Com-
dilettante, perishable before the breath of
it also preceded their rise to popular favour
and their spread over the whole of the Roman
mentary on the Book of Isaiah,. Vol. I. Intro-
actuality. Though not consciously imitative,
duction and Commentary on I. -XXVII. , 12/
he may be said to reflect certain styles more
Empire. Never at any time, from their
than others. His best achievement lies, we
Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark
think, in the Scandinavian songs, which abound
introduction in Pompey's time until Dio- This work on Isaiah, in The International
in pleasant vignettes. It is as a pictorial
cletian and his colleagues proclaimed Mithras
Critical Commentary,' was to have been written artist rather than a thinker that he claims
the protector of their reconstituted state,
by Dr. A. B. Davidson. After his death it attention.
were women admitted to his mysteries.
was divided between Prof. Gray, who is solely Childe (Wilfred Rowland), The Little City, 1/ net.
responsible for the volume before us, and Dr.
On the consequences of the innovation that he
Oxford, Blackwell ; London, Simpkin
Peake, who is dealing with the remaining
thus wrongly imagines, your reviewer founds
A second impression of some pleasing, if not
chapters in another.
