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purple at Cologne, about the end of July A. 1). 355, SILVA'NUS, POMPEIUS, consul suffectus
almost at the very moment when his innocence under Claudius, A. D. 45 (Fasti), is perhaps the same
had been triumphantly established before the im- as the Pompeius or Poppaeus Silvanus, a man of
perial tribune at Milan. Ursicinus having been consular rank, who governed Dalmatia at the death
despatched with a few followers to crush this rebel- of Nero, and is described by Tacitus as rich and
lion as best he might, effected by treachery the aged. He espoused the side of Vespasian, but
destruction of Silvanus, who was murdered twenty- prosecuted the war with little vigour. He entered
eight days after he had been proclaimed Augustus. Rome along with the other generals of Vespasian,
He is represented by a contemporary historian as and was appointed by the senate to superintend the
an officer of great experience and skill, not less loan of money which the state was to obtain from
remarkable for his gentle temper and amiable private persons. (Hist. ii. 86, ii. 50, iv. 47. )
manners, than for his warlike prowess. It is not SILVA'NUS, POMPO'NIUS, was proconsul
improbable that he may be the Silvanus named in of Africa, and was accused by the provincials in
the Codex Theodosianus (Chron. A. D. 349) as a the reign of Nero, A. D. 58, but he was acquitted in
commander of infantry and cavalry under Constans. consequence of his being an old man possessing


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SILUS.
827
SIMMIAS.
ecc. . .
COIN OP M. SERGIUS SILUS.
great wealth and no children (Tac. Ann. xiii. 52).
This Pomponius Silvanus is perhaps the same as
the Pompeius or Poppaeus Silvanus mentioned
above, as the names are frequently confounded, and
the latter is described by Tacitus (Hist. ii. 86) as
rich and aged.
PAASERO
SILVANUS, POPPAEUS. [SILVANUS,
POMPEIUS. )
SILVIUS, the son of Ascanius, is said to have
been so called because he was born in a wood. All
the succeeding kings of Alba bore the cognomen 2. M. Sergius Silus, son of the preceding,
Silvius. The series of these mythical kings is and grandfather of Catiline, was legatus of Aeni-
given somewhat differently by Livy, Ovid, and lius Paulus in the war with Perseus in B. c. 168.
Dionysius, as the following list will show (Liv. i. (Liv. xliv. 40. )
3 ; Ov. Met. xiv. 609, &c. ; Dionys. i. 70, 71). 3. SERGIUS SILUS, son of No. 2, and father of
Catiline. He does not appear to have held any of
Livy.
Ovid. Dionysius. the public offices, and we do not even know his
1. Aeneas.
Aenens. Aeneas.
praenomen. He left his son no property. (Q. Cic.
2. Ascanius.
Ascanius. Ascanius. de Pet. Cons. 2 ; Sall. Cat. 5. )
3. Silvius.
Silvius. Silvjus.
4. CN. SERGIUS SILUs, was condemned on the
4. Aeneas Silvius.
Aeneas Silvius. accusation of Metellus Celer, because he had pro-
5. Latinus Silvius. Latinus. Latinus Silvius. mised money to a materfamilias for the enjoyment
6. Alba.
Alba. Alba.
of her person. (Val. Max. vi. 2. § 8. )
7. Atya.
Epytus. Capetus.
SIMARISTUS (Equádlotos), a grammatical, or
8. Capys.
Capys.
Capys Silvius. lexicographical writer, mentioned several times by
9. Capetus. Capetus. Calpetus.
Athenaeus. Whether he was the author of more
10. Tiberinus. Tiberinus. Tiberinus. than one work, does not appear ; but Athenaeus
ll. Agrippa.
Remulus. Agrippa.
quotes frequently from one entitled 'Ouvuua (iii.
12. Romulus Silvius. Acrota. Alladius. p. 99, d. , ix. p. 395, f. , xi. p. 478, c. ). [C. P. M. ]
13. Aventinus. Aventinus. Aventinus. SIMENUS, a statuary in bronze, mentioned by
14. Proca.
Palatinus. Procas.
Pliny among those who made athletas et armatos el
15. Amulius.
Amulius. Amulius. venatores sacrificantesque (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. §
34). There is no other mention of this artist ;
SILUS, a Roman cognomen, properly signified and even the form of the name occurs nowhere
a person whose nose turned up (Festus, 8. v. ; Cic. else.
(P. S. )
de Nat. Deor. i. 29). The names Silo, Silius, and SIMEON. [SYMEON. ]
Silanus appear to be all connected with this name. SI MILIS, was a centurion under Trajan, and
SILUS, C. ALBUCIUS, a Roman rhetorician, praefectus praetorio under Hadrian, who erected a
a native of Novaria, in the north of Italy, was statue to his honour. Dion Cassius says that Similis
aedile in his native town. He quitted Novaria in received the praefecture against his will, and that
consequence of being dragged down from his he with difficulty prevailed upon Hadrian to let him
tribunal on one occasion while administering jus- resign it ; but Spartianus on the contrary states,
tice, and repaired to Rome in the time of Augus- that Hadrian removed Similis from his office,
tus, where he obtained great renown by his oratory although he was partly indebted to him for the
in the school of Plancus. He afterwards pleaded empire, and appointed Septicius Clarus his succes-
in the courts with considerable success, but having sor. (Dion Cass. lxix. 18, 19; Spart. Hadr. 9. )
failed in one of his causes he left Rome and settled SI'MMIAS (ruulas), historical. l. A Mace.
at Mediolanum, where he continued to exercise his donian, father of Polysperchon, the general of
profession as an advocate. He at length retired to Alexander. (Arr. Anab. ii. 12. )
his native town, and there put an end to his own 2. A Macedonian, son of Andromenes, and
life. (Suet. de Clar. Rhetor. 6 ; Senec. Controv. iii.
brother of Attalus and Amyntas, the officers of
proem. ; Westermann, Geschichte der Römischen Alexander. He probably served in the division of
Beredtsamkeit, $ 86. )
the phalanx, commanded by his brother Amyntas,
SILUS, DOMI'TIUS, the former husband of as we find him taking the command of it at the
Arria Galla, whom he quietly surrendered to Piso. battle of Arbela during his brother's absence. On
(Tac. Ann. xv. 59. )
this occasion his division was one of those which
SILUS, SE'RGÍUS. 1. M. SERGIUS Silus, the bore the chief brunt of the battle. (Arr. Anab. iii.
great-grandfather of Catiline, distinguished himself 11, 14. ) In 3. C. 330 he was accused, together
by his extraordinary bravery in the second Punic with his brothers, of having been concerned in the
war. Although he had lost his right hand, and re- conspiracy of Philotas ; but the vigorous defence of
ceived twenty-three wounds in two campaigns, he Amyntas before the Macedonian army procured
continued in the army, and fought four times against their joint acquittal. (Arr. iii. 27 ; Curt. vii. 1.
the Carthaginians with his left hand alone. He $ 10, 2. $ 1-10. )
was praetor urbanus in B. c. 197, in which year six 3. An officer in the service of Ptolemy III.
praetors were elected for the first time (Plin. H. N. (Euergetes), king of Egypt, who was sent by him
vii
. 28. 8. 29; Liv. xxxii. 27, 28, 31, xxxiii
. 21). to explore the shores of the Red Sea and the coasts
The annexed coin of the Sergia gens was probably of Ethiopia. Much of the information recorded by
struck in honour of this Sergius Silus by his son. Agatharchides was derived from his authority.
The reverse represents a horseman in full gallop, (Diod. iii. 18. )
(E. H. B. )
holding in his left hand the head of a ſoe. (Eckhel, SI'MMIAS (Eljuías, or, in the MSS. of Ding.
vol. v. p. 306. )
Laërt. , Exuías) literary. 1. Of Thebes, first the


## p. 828 (#844) ############################################

828
SIMMIAS.
SIMON.
disciple of the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaüs, poem resemble the form of some object ; those of
and afterwards the friend and disciple of Socrates, Siminias are entitled, from their forms, the Wings
at whose death he was present, having come from (TTépuyes), the Egg (wóv), and the Hatchet ( *é-
Thebes, with his brother Cebes, bringing with him nekus). There are several other poems of the same
a large sum of money, to assist in Criton's plan species in the Anthology, such as the Pan-pipes
for the liberation of Socrates (Plat Crit. p. 45, b. , (oúpıyt) of Theocritus, the Altar of Dosiadas, and
Phacd. pp. 59, C. , 92, a. , et passim ; comp. Ael. the Egg and Hutchet of Besantinus. (Brunck,
V. H. i. 16). At this time he and Cebes were Anal. vol. i. pp. 205–210 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec.
both young men (Plued. p. 89, a. ). The two vol. i. pp. 139–143, vol. xiii. pp. 951, 952 ; Anth.
brothers are the principal speakers, besides So- Pal. xv. 2)—27, vol. ii. pp. 603-609, ed. Jacobs ;
crates himself, in the Phacdon; and the skill with Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. iii. p. 808, vol. iv. pp.
which they argue, and the respect and affection 494, 495. )
[P. S. ]
with which Socrates treats them, prove the high SI'MMIAS, artist. (Simon. )
place they held among his disciples, not only in SIMOʻIS (Elbers), the god of the river
ihe judgment of Plato, but in the general opinion. Simois, which flows from mount Idn, and in the
In the Phaedrus (p. 242, a. , b. ) also, Socrates is plain of Troy joins the Xanthus or Scamander
made to refer to Simmias as one of the most (Hon. I. v. 774, xii. 22 ; Virg. Aen. v. 261).
powerful reasoners of his day.
He is described as a son of Oceanus and Tethys
According to Plutarch, who introduces Simmias | (Hes. Theog. 342), and as the father of Astyoche
as a speaker in his dialogue de Genio Socratis (p. and Hieromneme. (Apollod. iii. 12. $ 2. ) [L. S. )
670, a, &c. ), he studied much in Egypt, and be- SIMON (Elywv), a Thracian prince, was con-
came conversiint with the mystical religious philo- nected by marriage with Amadocus, who appears
sophy of that country.
to have been a son of Cotys [No. 2), and brother
There is a very brief account of him in Diogenes to Cergobleptes and Berishdes. On the death of
Laërtius (ii. 124), who states that there was a the latter, when Cersobleptes wished, with the
collection of twenty-three dialogues by him, in aid of Charidemus, to seize all the dominions of
one volume. The titles of these dialogues are Cotys, and to exclude Amadocus and the children
also given, with a slight variation, by Suidas (s. v. ) ; of Berisades from their inheritance, Simon was
they embrace a large range of philosophical sub-prepared to assist Amadocus against the intended
jects, but are chiefly ethical.
usurpation; and, according to Demosthenes, the
Two epitaphs on Sophocles, in the Greek An- remarkable decree of Aristocrates in favour of
thology, are ascribed to Simmias of Thebes in the Charidemus (B. C. 352) was framed with the view
Palatine Codex (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 168 ; Jacobs, of disarming this opposition, especially as Simon
Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 100, Anth. Pal. vii. 21, 22, vol. had been honoured with the Athenian franchise.
i. p. 312). There is also an epitaph on Aristocles, (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 624, 625, 680, 683. ) (CER-
among the epigrams of Simmias of Rhodes, which SOBLEPTES ; CHARIDEMUS. )
(E. E. )
Brunck would refer to Simmias of Thebes ; proba- SIMON (Eiuwv), literary and ecclesiastical. 1.
bilis conjectura, says Jacobs. (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. APOLLONIDES. By a misunderstanding of a pas-
p. 204, No. 2 ; Jacobs, Animadv. vol. i. pt. ii. p. 4. ) sage in Diogenes Laërtius (ix. 109), founded on
2. Of Syracuse, is mentioned by Diogenes Laër- an erroneous reading of the text, that author has
tius (ii. 113, 114) as a hearer, first of Aristotle the been supposed to cite a Simon Apollonides of Ni-
Cyrenaean, and afterwards of Stilpon, the Megaric caea when his citation is from Apollonides of Ni-
philosopher, but nothing further is known of him. caea [APOLLONIDES, No. 5). The name Simon
3. Of Rhodes, a poet and grammarian of the is in other and more correct MSS. Timon (Tíuwv),
Alexandrian school, which flourished under the and is not a part of the text, but the title of
early Ptolemies.