No More Learning

163 D, Phaedo 64 6, Rep. 603 c, Sisyphus 387 D), as against
31 non-interrogative (Weber p. 52).
Halm objects to ' understanding ' @Boflpar or translating (with EMiillcr)
lI fear it is only too bitter a thing to say. The sense required (he holds)
is the very opposite : ' I have no fear of its being too bitter a thing to say. '
He considers the construction to be a colloquialism, like those in Plato.
He demurs to the translation of Gorg. 1. c. given by Cnrtius Gram. ? 512,
wennes nu'r nicht unfein is! die Wahrhcit zu sagen, and prefers that of
Kruger (? 54, 8, 13), dass es Llcnn nicht zu grob (derb) ist die W. zu sngen.
His own rendering is, kaum wird es als zu bitter Idingen, u'eun man sagt:
sic werdcn mit einjallen (Comm. in honour>> Mommsent pp. 695 f). >>
237. 'Pukeis; K'rh. : the Phocians, on the death of their
commander Onomarchus (352 B. 0. ), were unable to defend their
land from invasion without the aid of others. Athens averted
that invasion for a while by keeping Philip north of Thermo-
pylae, 4 ? 17.
The relations of Athens to the Phocians and Thebans on the outbreak of
the ' Phocian war' are described in 18 ? 18 0171:>> ste? xe'urfk, (Iva-re @wxe? a; ne? v
BoriMa-Oat ouflfivmi, xmhrcp of! dircaw. nomiivrac opriwrer, Onfiaiors 5' 1311on
iv e'dzna'tlfivar. nafiofizrw, 01'15' ridist m'rrois prtg'cinevor.
239. fi Nos 11;: e. g. the Spartan Archidamus who at a
later date (346) undertook to aid the Phocians, but retired on
Philip's withdrawal. The sentence has generally been treated
as a fresh uestion, to which no answer is returned because
none is nee ed; but this would have required dhh' dMos 11s ;
The latter, however, is supposed by some to have been avoided
on grounds of euphon . (in-av, 'good sir' ; 3 ? 19, 18 ? 312,
[25] ? 78. odxl while-arm. defipo flafilfi'ew.
240. MW dro'rrw're? 'rwv: partitive Gen. ; neuter as in 2 ? 2
{an 1611' aldxpe? iv, Mikhail 5% 1431/ aiaxlarwv, 5 ? 4, etc.
lvorav 6? hurx6vwv : 4 ? 42.
241. iKhGXGt: efiutit, dcblaterat (GHSchaefer), 'prates,'
'divulges,' 'blurts out'; 19 ? 43 rt: 6 e? xhahfirms; Cic. pro
Milo'rw 44 cum ille awn dubitarit aperire quid cogitarct, uos
potestis dubitare quidfecerit? (Sanppe).
242. (d 93]) npe? genz future protasis to the future apodosis
expressed by av :11] (Goodwin MT. ? ? 178, 505).
? 27 l. 242. 'rd. Stddboflo. ) . . fl : 22 ? 55 1'! 606M111 1) e'her'flepov
shim 31a? e? pen
244. m'rroi'ls, 'by yourselves,' in the absence of any enemy
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? I ? ? 27, 28 FIRST OLYNTHIAG 153
(l. 247). ' 'l'Pl-e? -KOVO' fipe? pas: 'libentius Attici dicebant
quam p. 1"7va, ut Galli non dicnut mw semaiaw, deux semaincs,
sed malunt hm't jours, quinzc jours' (Elmsley on Aristoph.
Ach. 858).
245. :g. >> 1'7]: mihcws (added by Minucianus ix 611 Walz).
("'6qu ? 011 hapfidvsw.
246. 'rc'iv ex rfis Xe? pas=re? v e? v 'rfi xtpr ? 15; part. Gen.
after kapfldvew (present of continuous action) ; Xen. Anab. iv
5, 22 1re? ,u. 1rer 1611 ex Tfis Ke? nns.
247. M10, '1 mean' (=Kal Tafira), 8? 24, 9 ? 70, 19 ? 152,
21 ? 83.
249. limvm--xp6vov : 20 ? 130 m2; 6 mod 106 prvos, Thuc.
ii 58, 2; 73, 3. The reading we? hqu would refer to the war
concerning Amphipolis which had cost more than 1500 talenls
(3 ? 28). (Stamina-9:: in Middle sense, as in Isocr. 18
? 63 #0116. . . aeaawayweos. el--figa, 'but if war should
(51'1) reach us,' opp. to but roheafio'e-re, 1. 232. Thuc. iii 54
fiEet Awptaxbs re? hqws.
250. mic-u. . . Inputvedm: cp. whelova. {naiwfivat (248).
The Middle Fut. of this verb is always Passive in sense,
though {naiwe? 'fio'oaai is also found. Cp. note on 1. 206.
251. iifipts, 'insolence,' protervitas et petulantia. militaris
(HWolf) ; 18 ? 205 quoted below, Dinarchus 1 ? 19. 76v
wpuypd'mv a. lequ objective Gen. (as in [60] ? 26 rfi Trim
and. min" aflaov alaxiivy), 'shame' either (1) 'for the deeds
done to us,' or (2) 'for the state of affairs,' as in 4 ? 10 Tip!
13176;: 16511 rpayad'rwv ala'xzimyv and 8 ? 51 1"] :31er 16W 7i'yvo/Le? ku
alaxlhm.
252. oiquLu'is e? me : ? 9. Tot; y: we? ? povw=Plato
Laws 926 D 71,3 firr'qOe? v-rt rape. T06 vollOOe? TOU we? 'yos Kal 6116150:
xeladw, #011611 xpmnirwv 110611 Kex'r'rme? vzp foals. fiapwe? pa. Dem.
18 ? 205 (the true patriot) ? ofiepw1e? pas Mos'rm 16. 9 Uppm
gald'rds (triples, 8. : ? 11 oovhevofio'y fly 16M: ? e? pew (il'd'YK'fl, 1'00
av rou.
? 28 l. 256. xaM'as notofiv-res, 'happily,' or rather 'to which
they are very welcome,' ' and I do not grudge them their
wealth. ' Op. 21 ? 212 elerl . . 110250101. Kai Kahe?
is 1l'0l0176t,
where the speaker expresses an ungrudging recognition of the
fact ([42] ? 22 ml). of! ? 00v65).
When a speaker in mentioning a fact desires to denote his own opinion
of it, the most emphatic form of approval is that expressed by a principal
111212588111 Xen. C1112 Vii 5, 48 1) Kaolin iwoi-qo'a; . . ipe? 'a; Toll Ae? you, Plato
Phaedo 600 :11 'y' Enable-a; dvmvfia'as n. 6, Lys. 28 ? 8 Irish}; iflolna'cv
017M "Amnimu 12w Blow.
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? 154 FIRST 0L YNTHIAU I ? 28
When the fact and the opinion have a similar stress laid on both, we
have le priiwipal verbs, 8. 8 in 20 ? 149 I'ENi-pxlp 1rE'v're rdAavT' droSoih/al.
ge? ypagev 0510s . . mi 2am}; e'n-oiei (21 ? 212 quoted above, 25 ? 97, Lys.
2 ? 1 , Aristoph. Ran. 584, Ecol. 804).
Most commonly the opinion is expressed by a participle. This may be
placed a) after the principal verb, as in Plato Rep. 351 c (A) vol. fip xapi-
9mm, )e6 7e at: math, cp. Symp. 174 E MAG>>; ye froth mi, Lac . 102, 13
0,0039 ye m) Myuw, Gorg. 451 n, 511 c, Euthg/d. 273A, Crat. 399 A, Xen. do
re equestri 1, 3, 00? . 16, 2, Antiphon 1 ? 29, Dem. 8 ? 42 of: xaxibs Auyz? 6~
news, 29 ? 18 upwe? e? lievo; (op. 37 ? 23, 58 5 31, Lys. 18 ? 70), Isocr. 5 ? 7
? m4>povo|7vreq, Plato Phil. 19D bpduie 5pdwrs; (Xen. Cyr. iv 4, 6, Isocr.
9 ? 54), Aeschin. 8 ? 232 (pa-ti "Ev E1'ITUXG25' Elval. d); Klll. c'd-re? Kahlil; 1r0|. -
oi'ay-rsf, Lys. 24? 14 oiire {lasts Tori-rip n'1v min-37v e? 'xs're 'yvu'nmv 056' 0510;
VILLV 5U 1rouuv.
The participle may also be placed (1;) before the principal verb. This is
apparently the last stage in the development of this coustmctiun. '21 ? 2
Kala}; xal. ra'. Sixaw. #01. qu 6 Sine; Jipyio'e-r], 57 ? 6 KaMZ); rainfall-res
foils fiSinme? vovs (inavfas o'eo'u'ma-rs, Ep. 1 ? 8 oi. 0:07. u'n'nmv-res' fill! 1re? Mv
chroSedu'mavw f)va Bouhnhrmflm, 18 ? 231 117'; 85 ? u\n. v0pw1rim; (Of Philip)
i'lpeig K. 1r. ('happily') 1m); Kapn'oin; xexe? purQe, cp. 20 ? 110, 23 ? 143, E1).
2 ? 19 and 3 ? 26, Prooem. 86 ? 1 (Rehdantz Index s. v. Partieipium).
The Partieiple and the Principal Verb are both found in [10] ? 88 i; 'l'llX'I',
MIMI); rotor-Iva. iroMii werroinxe 18L xowci . . m'nisqu oiafie? v {npioune'vov 16w
'nis oilm'ae ixe? v-nuv . . oi ydp (inopol. miv-res EpXovral. picfle'fovrcs 1oil1'ou, Kai.
xaMus reunion.
258. 'roirs iv fiktqu, ' those of military age,' serviceable and
able-bodied men between 18 and 60. Op. 3 ? ? 4, 34; 4 ? 7,
Thuc. vi 24, 2, Xen. Hell. vi 5, 12 and Cyr. vi 2, 37 (ol 6>> 'r'g
UTPGTCUO'l/Mp or o'rpa'nwnky fihudq), 21 ? 95 e? o'Tpa'reupe? l/os 1rdo'as'
rds e? ? ' fihmlas cr'rpa'rcias.
260. (bofiepol. dn'ihakes Kr)>>, 'redoubtable defenders of the
security (or 'integrity') of their country,' champions to keep
their country unviolated by foreign invasion. The oath of the
Ephebi contained a clause--Thu warpioa ae 017:: Adams "meow,
whale: 5e Kal zipelw, 50'1711 a>> rapafie? fw/iai (Stobaeus 43, 48).
In Plato's Laws 760 n f the duty of xe? pav (pi/M116"! is assigned
to citizens between 25 and 30 years of age. 6. xepafov:
proleptic, 4 ? 8. [44] ? 23 (Till! 1ra'rpqiav nooiav) dke? paiov (1:1)th-
roxrres. dxe? paws, purus, sincerus, integer, a prose word used by
Eur. (1)=dmiparos, 'unmixed,' 'uneorrupt,' 'guileless,' 'pure';
(2) 'entire,' 'unharmed,' 'unraoaged,' Herod. iii 146, Thuc. ii
18, 5 Tfis 7? ]: {n szpalou 000-17: (opp. to Tit-17060"). Synonymous
with d1r6p0rrros (oracle in Herod. vii 141 ; applied to Attica in
Eur. Mod. 826). The phrase ? 0Bepot ? 13Mu<es l s olxetas
dxepafou rises above the ordinary level of prose, an happens
to be metrically equivalent to the end of an anapaestic system.
261. 'roirs Myov'ras, robs Mropas, TOl'Ii' rohzreuo/Le? vovs, 3 ? ? 21,
24 ; 6 ? 44, 9 ? 38. Yv' ui--eiime. p48"; ye? vuv'rai, 'that
they may pass a good account of their statesmanship ' (K. )
("Will- is here metaphorical; the reference is to a moral and not
a pecuniary responsibility like that attaching to public officials.
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? I ? 28 FIRST OLYNTHIAC' 155
261 f. wiv wewohvrevpivuv and (264) 16w wewpaype? vwv : both
followed by airro'is. With the Perf. (or Pluperf. ) Passive the
place of inre? with Gen. is often taken by the simple Dat. of the
Agent.
In Demosthenes this construction is limited to comparatively few verbs,
especially updr-rw (found 80 times). It occurs 60 times with the Perf.
Participle of that verb, and always in the neuter Plural (similarly in
Aeschines, Lysias, Isocrates, Isaeus). The Dat. usually follows the Parti-
ciple, unless special emphasis is intended (as in 5 ?