They are, in fact, two
consecutive
1711).
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
p.
463, ed.
Basnage), 5.
Of ALEXANDRIA (3).
Theodore, a deacon of
appeared a Latin version by Franciscus Turrianus, the church at Alexandria, who at the Council of
of three others (Nos. 27—29, in Gretser) ; and Chalcedon, A. D. 451, presented a Albemos, Li-
very soon after Gretser published, with the Hode- bcllus, against the patriarch of Alexandria, Diosco-
gus of Anastasius Sinaita (4to. Ingolstadt, 1006), rus, charging him with having grievously oppressed
forty-two pieces of Theodore, including all those him (Theodore), on account of the regard in which
which had been given in the Bibliotheca and by he had been held by Cyril, the predecessor of
Canisius. They were given in the Greek (except Dioscorus. The document is given in the various
Nos. 18, 25, and 32) and in a Latin version, partly editions of the Concilia (e. g. vol. iv. col. 395, ed.
by Gretser himself, but chiefly by Turrianus, and Labbe, vol. ii. col. 321, ed. Hardouin), in the Acta
in a very few short pieces by Genebrardus. The Concilii Chulcedonensis, actio iii. (Cave, Hist. Litt.
Latin version was reprinted in the Bibliotheca Pa ad ann. 45), vol. i. p. 443 ; Fabric. Bibl. Gracc.
trum, vol. iv. ed. Paris, 1609-1610, vol. ix. p. ii. vol. x. p. 386. )
Cologne, 1618, and vol. xvi. ed. Lyon, 1677 : the 6. Of ALEXANDRIA (4). A monk who flou.
Greek text and Latin version were both given in rished about the commencement of the sixth cen-
the Aucturium of Ducaeus to the edit. of Paris, tury. Cave improperly places him in the seventh.
1624, in rol. xi. of the edit. Paris, 1654, and in the He belonged to that branch of the Monophysite
collected edition of Gretser's works, vol. xv. fol. body called Theopaschitae, and is known by his
Ratisbon, 1741. The Greek text of No. 18 was controversy with Themistius, another Theopaschite
published by Le Quien in his edition of Damas- monk, who is charged with having broached the
cenus (vol. i. p. 470, fol. Paris, 1712), with the heresy of the Agnoetae, a sect so called from their
version of Turrianus, a little altered: the Greek of affirming that Christ knew not the time of the
No. 25 was published by Cotelerius, in a note to Day of Judgment. Theodore attacked Themistius
the Constitutiones Apostolicae, lib. v. c. 7, in his in a work of which Photius has given an account.
Patres Apostolici, fol. Paris, 1672 (vol. i. p. 310, As in this controversy Theodore was on the same
ed. Leclerc, fol. Amsterdam, 1724): the Greek of side as the orthodox Church, it was probably by
No. 32 has never been printed. (Cave (who has some other writing that he incurred the condemna-
confounded him with Theodore of Caria (No. 20]), tion of the emperor Justinian, as mentioned by Fa-
Hist. Litt. ad ann. 867, vol. ii. p. 54 ; Fabric. Bibl. cundus. (Phot. Bibl. Cod. 108; Facundus Her-
Graec. vol. x. p. 364, &c. ; Gretser (who also iden- mian. Pro Defensione trium Capitulorum, lib. ii.
tifies him with Theodore of Caria), Epistol
. Dedicat. c. 3 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 794, vol. x.
Opusculis Abucarae praefura ; Bayle, Dictionnaire, pp. 372, 710 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 601, vol.
s. 7. Abucaras ; Le Quien, Opera Damasceni, and i. p. 573. )
Oriens Christiunus, I. cc. )
7. Of Amasia. Possevino (Apparatus Sacer,
3. Of ALANIA. There is extant in MS. at vol. ii. p. 462, ed. Cologne, 1608) mentions two
Vienna, and perhaps elsewhere, a Sermon on the works, Explicatio ad Ecclesiastein et Canticum Can-
Burial of Christ, In Jesu Sepulturam, by Theodore, ticorum, and Dogmatica Panoplia adversus Judaeos,
bishop of Alania, which Cave conjectures to be a Armenios et Saracenos, as written by Theodore,
city not far from Constantinople. But as the wishop of Amasia in Pontus. Le Quien (Oriens
Vienna MS. contains also a discourse or letter ad-Christianus, vol. i. col. 528) notices both works in
dressed by Theodore to the Patriarch of Constan- speaking of Theodore, who was bishop of Amasia
tinople, in which are recorded his apostolic labours at the time of the fifth General Council, A. D. 553,
among the Alani, and his subsequent consecration where his signature appears among those of the
as bishop of Alania, it is evident that the name subscribing prelates ; but if, as its title indicates,
Alania designates the country of the Alani, between the Panoplia is a defence of orthodox Christianity
the Euxine and Caspian seas, north of the Caucasian against Mohammedanism, the work cannot be of so
range. Kollar has given a brief extract from this early a date. No other Theodore is known among
discourse. The time in which Theodore lived is the bishops of Amasia. (Possevin. ; Le Quien, I. cc. )
not clear ; but the mention of his apostolic labours 8. ANAGNOSTES ('Avayvớotns) or LECTOR,
among the Alani indicates that he first converted the READER, an ecclesiastical historian, generally
them to the belief of Christianity, which may have supposed to have written in the reign of the em-
been in the time of Justinian, when the neighbour- peror Justin I. , or his successor Justinian I. No-
ing tribe of the Abasgi were converted. He must, thing of his personal history is known, except that
as the Apostle of the Alani, have been a different he held the subordinate ecclesiastical post of reader
person from the Theodorus who was bishop of at Constantinople, and, as Suidas states, in the
Alania in the thirteenth century. (Kollar, Supple- great church (Suidas, s. v. ). . Suidas states that
ment. ad Lambecii Commentar. de Biblioth. Caesa- he brought down his history to the time of Justi-
raca, lib. i. col. 254, &c. ; Le Quien, Oriens Chris- nian I. : and though nothing in the extant frag-
tianus, vol. j. col. 1348 ; Allatius, De Symeon. ments of his works leads us to a later time than
Scriptis, p. 82 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 372; the accession of Justin I. , we may not unreason-
Cave, Hist. Litl. vol. ii. Dissert. Prima, p. 19. ) ably admit the correctness of Suidas' statement, 80
4. Of ALEXANDRIA (1,2). There were two pa- far as to place the composition of the history of
triarchs of Alexandria of the name of Theodore: Theodore in the reign of Justinian. Theodore is
one surnamed Scribo (Expl6wv), a Melchite, or of quoted by Joannes Damascenus and by Theo-
the orthodox Greek Church, who, after a patri- phanes, and in the Acta of the second Nicene
archate of two years, perished apparently in the seventh General Council), all in the eighth century.
troubles occasioned by the revolt of Egypt and He was the author of two works on ecclesiastical
Africa against the usurper Phocas, A. D. C03; the history, which were sometimes both comprehended
3 x 4
## p. 1048 (#1064) ##########################################
1048
THEODORUS.
THEODORUS.
:
under the general title of ’Exka NOIAOTIKH 'lotopla, Combéfis, pp. 11, 12, 19, 33, ed. Paris, 1664 ; Ban-
Historia Ecclesiastica, and referred to as consti- durius, vol. i. p. iii. pp. 88, 89, 93, 102, ed. Paris,
tuting one work.
They are, in fact, two consecutive 1711). If these references are to one and the
works on one subject. 1. 'Eklogh eK TWv daran same writer, and that writer the subject of this
GiaotiKWV iotopiwv, Sclccta ex Historiis Ecclesias- article, as critics generally seem to admit, he must
ticis, a compendium of Church history from the have written on other subjects than ecclesiastical
time of Constantine the Great, in two books, com- history, and bave lived at a considerably later
piled chiefly from Sozomen, with additions froin period than is generally supposed. The extracts
Socrates and Theodoret. It is probable that Theo- chiefly or wholly relate to the statues with which
dore intended that this compendium should com- Constantinople was adorned ; and one of them
prehend the whole period included in the histories (p. 11, Conibéfis, p. 88, Bandurius) contains a cu-
from which he made his extracts : but if so, the rious incident in the personal history of the writer
work was not completed; for it breaks off at the which shows him to have lived in the reign of the
death of Constantius II. From its incomplete emperor Philippicus (A. D. 711–713), nearly two
state it was probably the latter of Theodore's two centuries after the reign of Justin I. , in which
works in the order of composition, and was appa- Theodorus is usually placed. Another extract no-
rently designed as an introduction to the other. tices statues of the daughter and niece of the em-
2. 'ExKANOIAO TIK) iotopla, Historia Ecclesiastica. press Sophia, wife of Justin II. , which also implies
An original work on ecclesiastical history, also in the writer to have lived long after the time of
two books, comprehending the period from the Justin I. Though there seems no decisive reason
reign of Theodosius the younger, where Socrates, for identifying the writer on the statues with the
Sozomen, and Theodoret end to the reign of ecclesiastical historian, yet the name and title
Justin I. , perhaps of Justinian I. From the cir- render their identity not improbable; and it may
cumstance of this work commencing from the be observed that Damascenus, the earliest writer
point where the earlier ecclesiastical histories who has mentioned Theodore, belongs to a period
cease, it is inferred that the compendium just somewhat later than the reign of Philippicus
mentioned was intended to come down to the same [DANASCENUS). (Vales. Pruefutio ad Thcodo
point, and consequently that it was never com- retum, g c. ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 518, vol. i.
pleted. Its incompleteness occasioned a void of p. 503 ; Dupin, Nouvelle Biblioth. des Auteurs
seventy years to be left between the close of one, Eccles. vol. iv. (6me siècle) p. 92, 2d ed. Paris,
and the commencement of the other of Theodore's | 1698; Ceillier, Auteurs Sucrés, vol. xvi. p. 187,
works. The compendium is extant in MS. , in the &c. ; Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. vii. pp. 368, 435,
library of St. Mark at Venice, though the MS. &c. , vol. x. p. 398 ; Schoell, Hist. de la Litterature
is mutilated at the beginning. A copy (whether Grecque Profune, vol. vii. p. 26, 2d ed. Paris,
transcribed from the Venetian MS. is not known) 1825. )
was in the possession of Allatius, who intended to 9. Of ANCYRA. Fabricius in two places (Bill.
publish it, but who never fulfilled his intention ; Graec. vol. viii. p. 696, x. p. 359) mentions a Theo-
nor has it ever been published. Allatius sent a dore of Ancyra, as being cited in the Catenae of the
transcript of some portions to Valesius, who em- Fathers on the Acts of the Apostles and the Catholic
ployed it in correcting the text of his edition of Epistles: but the similarity of the names leads us
the original authors. Theodore's own history is to suspect that the author cited is Theodotus, who
lost, except some extracts από φωνής Νικηφόρου | was bishop of Ancyra in the first half of the fifth
Kalliotou Toù savdoroútov, ex ore Nicephori century. The names Theodotus and Theodorus
Callisti Xanthopuli. As Nicephorus never in his are in MSS. frequently confounded (comp. Fabric.
own Ecclesiastical History quotes Theodore, except Bill. Graec. vol. x. p. 512). Dr. J. . A. Cramer, in the
for statements contained in these extracts, it is Cutena in Acta SS. Apostolorum, edited under his
fairly inferred by Valesius that the original was not care (8vo. Oxford, 1838), has substituted (pp. 33,
in his hands; and that the extracts were made by 227, 427, 438) the name of Theodotus where the
some one before his time, and were all the remains MSS. bave that of “ Theodore of Ancyra," or
of Theodore's work then extant, at least all that “ Theodore the Monk,” or “ Theodore the Monk
he had access to. These extracts ('Ekhoyat, Er- and Presbyter. ”
cerpta) were first published by Robert Stephens, 10. Of ANTIDA or AndIda or more correctly
with Eusebius and the other Greek ecclesiastical of SANDIDA, a bishopric of the province of Pam-
historians, fol. Paris, 1544 ; and again, with the phylia Secunda, of which Perga was the ecclesi-
Latin version of Christopherson, fol. Geneva, astical metropolis (comp. Le Quien, Oriens Christian.
1612: but the best edition is that of Henri Valois, vol. i. col. 1013, 1030). Allatius in several of his
or Valesius ; who published them with the ecclesias- works has cited some passages from an Erpositio
tical histories of Theodoret, Evagrius, and Philostor- Missue by “ Theodorus Antidorum (s. Andidorum)
gius, fol. Paris, 1673, reprinted under the care of Episcopus: ” but gives us no clue to the age of the
Reading, fol. Cambridge, 1720, and again at Turin, writer except in one place, and there (J. H. Hot
1748. Valesius published not only the Excerpta tingerus fraudis, &c. convictus, p. 12, 8vo. Rom.
of Nicephorus, but some other fragments of Theo- 1661) we only learn that Theodore was later than
dore. Combéns, in his Originum Rcrumque C'Po- Photius, who lived in the ninth century. The
litanarum Manipulus, and Bandurius in his Im- citations of Allatius are enumerated by Fabricius
perium Orientale, have given an anonymous work i (Bill. Gracc, vol. x. p. 372).
Παραστάσεις σύντομο χρονικαί, Breves Demon- 11. Of ANTIOCH (1-6). There were several pa-
strationes s. Enarrationes Chronographicae, in which triarchs of Antioch of the name of Theodore. An
are some citations from a Oebowpos, Theodorus, or Arian patriarch in the reign of the emperor Valens
Beodwpos ’Avayváotns, Theodorus Lector, or is called Dorotheus by Sozomen (H. E. vi. 37),
Θεόδωρος Χρονογράφος αναρρωσθείς αναγνώσμασιν, but Theodorus by Philostorgius (Η. Ε. ix. 14), who
Theodorus Chronographus Lectionibus clarus (comp. I identifies him with Theodore of Heracleia (No. 42).
## p. 1049 (#1065) ##########################################
THEODORUS.
1049
THEODORUS.
The orthodox Greeks do not recognise him ; their | in the church ; Pope Vigilius resisted the con-
lists contuin Theodorus I. from a. D. 750 or 751 to demnation for a time, and issued an act of deposition
773 or 774, or later; Theodorus 11. under the reign and excommunication against Theodore, which was
of the emperor Johu Tzimisces ; Theodorus III. in of no effect. The emperor persisted ; bribery and
the first half of the eleventh century ; Theodorus persecution were freely employed to obtain eccle-
IV. a learned jurist (Balsamo, THEODORUS) in siastical support for the imperial edict; and so great
the twelfth century; and Theodore V. of a more was the confusion that even Theodore himself is
recent date. (Le Quien, Oriens Christian. vol. ii. ) said to have publicly acknowledged that both he
Theodoretus, successor of Theodorus I. , is sometimes and his great opponent the deacon Pelagius, the
erroneously called Theodorus. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. pope's legate, deserved to be burnt alive for the
vol. x. p. 396, vol. xii. p. 733. ) An extract from scandals their struggle had occasioned. The dis-
a Eurodikóv, Synodica Epistola, of Thcodore of turbance was only ended by the assembling of the
Antioch, evidently Theodore I. , is cited by Theo fifth general (or second Constantinopolitan) council
dore Studita in his Antirrhcticus II. (Sirmond, A. D. 553. That council condemned Origen and
Opera Vuriu, vol. v. p. 121. ) Two works entitled his supporters on the one hand; and Theodore of
Ilomiliu de Suncto Theoloro Orientuli, and In Mopsuestia, Theodoret, and I bas on the other. Theo-
duodecim Prophetus, the first in Arabic, the second dore Ascidas subscribed to these several anathemas.
in Greek, both by a Theodore of Antioch, are extant He died A. D. 558 at Constantinople ; if, as is most
in MS. (Le Quien, Oriens Christiun, vol. ii. col. 746; likely, he is the bishop of Caesareia, whose death
Fabric. Bill. Gruec. vol. X. p. 396), but whether is noticed by Joannes Malalas, Chronographia, p.
they are by the same person, and with which of 234, ed. Oxford, p. 81, ed. Venice, p. 489, ed. Bonn.
the Theodores he is to be identified, is not known. (Cyril. Scythopolit. Sabae Vita, c. Ixxxiii
. &c. apud
12. Ascidas ('Aokiðas), a Cappadocian, first a Coteler. Alonumenta Eccles. Gracc. vol.
appeared a Latin version by Franciscus Turrianus, the church at Alexandria, who at the Council of
of three others (Nos. 27—29, in Gretser) ; and Chalcedon, A. D. 451, presented a Albemos, Li-
very soon after Gretser published, with the Hode- bcllus, against the patriarch of Alexandria, Diosco-
gus of Anastasius Sinaita (4to. Ingolstadt, 1006), rus, charging him with having grievously oppressed
forty-two pieces of Theodore, including all those him (Theodore), on account of the regard in which
which had been given in the Bibliotheca and by he had been held by Cyril, the predecessor of
Canisius. They were given in the Greek (except Dioscorus. The document is given in the various
Nos. 18, 25, and 32) and in a Latin version, partly editions of the Concilia (e. g. vol. iv. col. 395, ed.
by Gretser himself, but chiefly by Turrianus, and Labbe, vol. ii. col. 321, ed. Hardouin), in the Acta
in a very few short pieces by Genebrardus. The Concilii Chulcedonensis, actio iii. (Cave, Hist. Litt.
Latin version was reprinted in the Bibliotheca Pa ad ann. 45), vol. i. p. 443 ; Fabric. Bibl. Gracc.
trum, vol. iv. ed. Paris, 1609-1610, vol. ix. p. ii. vol. x. p. 386. )
Cologne, 1618, and vol. xvi. ed. Lyon, 1677 : the 6. Of ALEXANDRIA (4). A monk who flou.
Greek text and Latin version were both given in rished about the commencement of the sixth cen-
the Aucturium of Ducaeus to the edit. of Paris, tury. Cave improperly places him in the seventh.
1624, in rol. xi. of the edit. Paris, 1654, and in the He belonged to that branch of the Monophysite
collected edition of Gretser's works, vol. xv. fol. body called Theopaschitae, and is known by his
Ratisbon, 1741. The Greek text of No. 18 was controversy with Themistius, another Theopaschite
published by Le Quien in his edition of Damas- monk, who is charged with having broached the
cenus (vol. i. p. 470, fol. Paris, 1712), with the heresy of the Agnoetae, a sect so called from their
version of Turrianus, a little altered: the Greek of affirming that Christ knew not the time of the
No. 25 was published by Cotelerius, in a note to Day of Judgment. Theodore attacked Themistius
the Constitutiones Apostolicae, lib. v. c. 7, in his in a work of which Photius has given an account.
Patres Apostolici, fol. Paris, 1672 (vol. i. p. 310, As in this controversy Theodore was on the same
ed. Leclerc, fol. Amsterdam, 1724): the Greek of side as the orthodox Church, it was probably by
No. 32 has never been printed. (Cave (who has some other writing that he incurred the condemna-
confounded him with Theodore of Caria (No. 20]), tion of the emperor Justinian, as mentioned by Fa-
Hist. Litt. ad ann. 867, vol. ii. p. 54 ; Fabric. Bibl. cundus. (Phot. Bibl. Cod. 108; Facundus Her-
Graec. vol. x. p. 364, &c. ; Gretser (who also iden- mian. Pro Defensione trium Capitulorum, lib. ii.
tifies him with Theodore of Caria), Epistol
. Dedicat. c. 3 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 794, vol. x.
Opusculis Abucarae praefura ; Bayle, Dictionnaire, pp. 372, 710 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 601, vol.
s. 7. Abucaras ; Le Quien, Opera Damasceni, and i. p. 573. )
Oriens Christiunus, I. cc. )
7. Of Amasia. Possevino (Apparatus Sacer,
3. Of ALANIA. There is extant in MS. at vol. ii. p. 462, ed. Cologne, 1608) mentions two
Vienna, and perhaps elsewhere, a Sermon on the works, Explicatio ad Ecclesiastein et Canticum Can-
Burial of Christ, In Jesu Sepulturam, by Theodore, ticorum, and Dogmatica Panoplia adversus Judaeos,
bishop of Alania, which Cave conjectures to be a Armenios et Saracenos, as written by Theodore,
city not far from Constantinople. But as the wishop of Amasia in Pontus. Le Quien (Oriens
Vienna MS. contains also a discourse or letter ad-Christianus, vol. i. col. 528) notices both works in
dressed by Theodore to the Patriarch of Constan- speaking of Theodore, who was bishop of Amasia
tinople, in which are recorded his apostolic labours at the time of the fifth General Council, A. D. 553,
among the Alani, and his subsequent consecration where his signature appears among those of the
as bishop of Alania, it is evident that the name subscribing prelates ; but if, as its title indicates,
Alania designates the country of the Alani, between the Panoplia is a defence of orthodox Christianity
the Euxine and Caspian seas, north of the Caucasian against Mohammedanism, the work cannot be of so
range. Kollar has given a brief extract from this early a date. No other Theodore is known among
discourse. The time in which Theodore lived is the bishops of Amasia. (Possevin. ; Le Quien, I. cc. )
not clear ; but the mention of his apostolic labours 8. ANAGNOSTES ('Avayvớotns) or LECTOR,
among the Alani indicates that he first converted the READER, an ecclesiastical historian, generally
them to the belief of Christianity, which may have supposed to have written in the reign of the em-
been in the time of Justinian, when the neighbour- peror Justin I. , or his successor Justinian I. No-
ing tribe of the Abasgi were converted. He must, thing of his personal history is known, except that
as the Apostle of the Alani, have been a different he held the subordinate ecclesiastical post of reader
person from the Theodorus who was bishop of at Constantinople, and, as Suidas states, in the
Alania in the thirteenth century. (Kollar, Supple- great church (Suidas, s. v. ). . Suidas states that
ment. ad Lambecii Commentar. de Biblioth. Caesa- he brought down his history to the time of Justi-
raca, lib. i. col. 254, &c. ; Le Quien, Oriens Chris- nian I. : and though nothing in the extant frag-
tianus, vol. j. col. 1348 ; Allatius, De Symeon. ments of his works leads us to a later time than
Scriptis, p. 82 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 372; the accession of Justin I. , we may not unreason-
Cave, Hist. Litl. vol. ii. Dissert. Prima, p. 19. ) ably admit the correctness of Suidas' statement, 80
4. Of ALEXANDRIA (1,2). There were two pa- far as to place the composition of the history of
triarchs of Alexandria of the name of Theodore: Theodore in the reign of Justinian. Theodore is
one surnamed Scribo (Expl6wv), a Melchite, or of quoted by Joannes Damascenus and by Theo-
the orthodox Greek Church, who, after a patri- phanes, and in the Acta of the second Nicene
archate of two years, perished apparently in the seventh General Council), all in the eighth century.
troubles occasioned by the revolt of Egypt and He was the author of two works on ecclesiastical
Africa against the usurper Phocas, A. D. C03; the history, which were sometimes both comprehended
3 x 4
## p. 1048 (#1064) ##########################################
1048
THEODORUS.
THEODORUS.
:
under the general title of ’Exka NOIAOTIKH 'lotopla, Combéfis, pp. 11, 12, 19, 33, ed. Paris, 1664 ; Ban-
Historia Ecclesiastica, and referred to as consti- durius, vol. i. p. iii. pp. 88, 89, 93, 102, ed. Paris,
tuting one work.
They are, in fact, two consecutive 1711). If these references are to one and the
works on one subject. 1. 'Eklogh eK TWv daran same writer, and that writer the subject of this
GiaotiKWV iotopiwv, Sclccta ex Historiis Ecclesias- article, as critics generally seem to admit, he must
ticis, a compendium of Church history from the have written on other subjects than ecclesiastical
time of Constantine the Great, in two books, com- history, and bave lived at a considerably later
piled chiefly from Sozomen, with additions froin period than is generally supposed. The extracts
Socrates and Theodoret. It is probable that Theo- chiefly or wholly relate to the statues with which
dore intended that this compendium should com- Constantinople was adorned ; and one of them
prehend the whole period included in the histories (p. 11, Conibéfis, p. 88, Bandurius) contains a cu-
from which he made his extracts : but if so, the rious incident in the personal history of the writer
work was not completed; for it breaks off at the which shows him to have lived in the reign of the
death of Constantius II. From its incomplete emperor Philippicus (A. D. 711–713), nearly two
state it was probably the latter of Theodore's two centuries after the reign of Justin I. , in which
works in the order of composition, and was appa- Theodorus is usually placed. Another extract no-
rently designed as an introduction to the other. tices statues of the daughter and niece of the em-
2. 'ExKANOIAO TIK) iotopla, Historia Ecclesiastica. press Sophia, wife of Justin II. , which also implies
An original work on ecclesiastical history, also in the writer to have lived long after the time of
two books, comprehending the period from the Justin I. Though there seems no decisive reason
reign of Theodosius the younger, where Socrates, for identifying the writer on the statues with the
Sozomen, and Theodoret end to the reign of ecclesiastical historian, yet the name and title
Justin I. , perhaps of Justinian I. From the cir- render their identity not improbable; and it may
cumstance of this work commencing from the be observed that Damascenus, the earliest writer
point where the earlier ecclesiastical histories who has mentioned Theodore, belongs to a period
cease, it is inferred that the compendium just somewhat later than the reign of Philippicus
mentioned was intended to come down to the same [DANASCENUS). (Vales. Pruefutio ad Thcodo
point, and consequently that it was never com- retum, g c. ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 518, vol. i.
pleted. Its incompleteness occasioned a void of p. 503 ; Dupin, Nouvelle Biblioth. des Auteurs
seventy years to be left between the close of one, Eccles. vol. iv. (6me siècle) p. 92, 2d ed. Paris,
and the commencement of the other of Theodore's | 1698; Ceillier, Auteurs Sucrés, vol. xvi. p. 187,
works. The compendium is extant in MS. , in the &c. ; Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. vii. pp. 368, 435,
library of St. Mark at Venice, though the MS. &c. , vol. x. p. 398 ; Schoell, Hist. de la Litterature
is mutilated at the beginning. A copy (whether Grecque Profune, vol. vii. p. 26, 2d ed. Paris,
transcribed from the Venetian MS. is not known) 1825. )
was in the possession of Allatius, who intended to 9. Of ANCYRA. Fabricius in two places (Bill.
publish it, but who never fulfilled his intention ; Graec. vol. viii. p. 696, x. p. 359) mentions a Theo-
nor has it ever been published. Allatius sent a dore of Ancyra, as being cited in the Catenae of the
transcript of some portions to Valesius, who em- Fathers on the Acts of the Apostles and the Catholic
ployed it in correcting the text of his edition of Epistles: but the similarity of the names leads us
the original authors. Theodore's own history is to suspect that the author cited is Theodotus, who
lost, except some extracts από φωνής Νικηφόρου | was bishop of Ancyra in the first half of the fifth
Kalliotou Toù savdoroútov, ex ore Nicephori century. The names Theodotus and Theodorus
Callisti Xanthopuli. As Nicephorus never in his are in MSS. frequently confounded (comp. Fabric.
own Ecclesiastical History quotes Theodore, except Bill. Graec. vol. x. p. 512). Dr. J. . A. Cramer, in the
for statements contained in these extracts, it is Cutena in Acta SS. Apostolorum, edited under his
fairly inferred by Valesius that the original was not care (8vo. Oxford, 1838), has substituted (pp. 33,
in his hands; and that the extracts were made by 227, 427, 438) the name of Theodotus where the
some one before his time, and were all the remains MSS. bave that of “ Theodore of Ancyra," or
of Theodore's work then extant, at least all that “ Theodore the Monk,” or “ Theodore the Monk
he had access to. These extracts ('Ekhoyat, Er- and Presbyter. ”
cerpta) were first published by Robert Stephens, 10. Of ANTIDA or AndIda or more correctly
with Eusebius and the other Greek ecclesiastical of SANDIDA, a bishopric of the province of Pam-
historians, fol. Paris, 1544 ; and again, with the phylia Secunda, of which Perga was the ecclesi-
Latin version of Christopherson, fol. Geneva, astical metropolis (comp. Le Quien, Oriens Christian.
1612: but the best edition is that of Henri Valois, vol. i. col. 1013, 1030). Allatius in several of his
or Valesius ; who published them with the ecclesias- works has cited some passages from an Erpositio
tical histories of Theodoret, Evagrius, and Philostor- Missue by “ Theodorus Antidorum (s. Andidorum)
gius, fol. Paris, 1673, reprinted under the care of Episcopus: ” but gives us no clue to the age of the
Reading, fol. Cambridge, 1720, and again at Turin, writer except in one place, and there (J. H. Hot
1748. Valesius published not only the Excerpta tingerus fraudis, &c. convictus, p. 12, 8vo. Rom.
of Nicephorus, but some other fragments of Theo- 1661) we only learn that Theodore was later than
dore. Combéns, in his Originum Rcrumque C'Po- Photius, who lived in the ninth century. The
litanarum Manipulus, and Bandurius in his Im- citations of Allatius are enumerated by Fabricius
perium Orientale, have given an anonymous work i (Bill. Gracc, vol. x. p. 372).
Παραστάσεις σύντομο χρονικαί, Breves Demon- 11. Of ANTIOCH (1-6). There were several pa-
strationes s. Enarrationes Chronographicae, in which triarchs of Antioch of the name of Theodore. An
are some citations from a Oebowpos, Theodorus, or Arian patriarch in the reign of the emperor Valens
Beodwpos ’Avayváotns, Theodorus Lector, or is called Dorotheus by Sozomen (H. E. vi. 37),
Θεόδωρος Χρονογράφος αναρρωσθείς αναγνώσμασιν, but Theodorus by Philostorgius (Η. Ε. ix. 14), who
Theodorus Chronographus Lectionibus clarus (comp. I identifies him with Theodore of Heracleia (No. 42).
## p. 1049 (#1065) ##########################################
THEODORUS.
1049
THEODORUS.
The orthodox Greeks do not recognise him ; their | in the church ; Pope Vigilius resisted the con-
lists contuin Theodorus I. from a. D. 750 or 751 to demnation for a time, and issued an act of deposition
773 or 774, or later; Theodorus 11. under the reign and excommunication against Theodore, which was
of the emperor Johu Tzimisces ; Theodorus III. in of no effect. The emperor persisted ; bribery and
the first half of the eleventh century ; Theodorus persecution were freely employed to obtain eccle-
IV. a learned jurist (Balsamo, THEODORUS) in siastical support for the imperial edict; and so great
the twelfth century; and Theodore V. of a more was the confusion that even Theodore himself is
recent date. (Le Quien, Oriens Christian. vol. ii. ) said to have publicly acknowledged that both he
Theodoretus, successor of Theodorus I. , is sometimes and his great opponent the deacon Pelagius, the
erroneously called Theodorus. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. pope's legate, deserved to be burnt alive for the
vol. x. p. 396, vol. xii. p. 733. ) An extract from scandals their struggle had occasioned. The dis-
a Eurodikóv, Synodica Epistola, of Thcodore of turbance was only ended by the assembling of the
Antioch, evidently Theodore I. , is cited by Theo fifth general (or second Constantinopolitan) council
dore Studita in his Antirrhcticus II. (Sirmond, A. D. 553. That council condemned Origen and
Opera Vuriu, vol. v. p. 121. ) Two works entitled his supporters on the one hand; and Theodore of
Ilomiliu de Suncto Theoloro Orientuli, and In Mopsuestia, Theodoret, and I bas on the other. Theo-
duodecim Prophetus, the first in Arabic, the second dore Ascidas subscribed to these several anathemas.
in Greek, both by a Theodore of Antioch, are extant He died A. D. 558 at Constantinople ; if, as is most
in MS. (Le Quien, Oriens Christiun, vol. ii. col. 746; likely, he is the bishop of Caesareia, whose death
Fabric. Bill. Gruec. vol. X. p. 396), but whether is noticed by Joannes Malalas, Chronographia, p.
they are by the same person, and with which of 234, ed. Oxford, p. 81, ed. Venice, p. 489, ed. Bonn.
the Theodores he is to be identified, is not known. (Cyril. Scythopolit. Sabae Vita, c. Ixxxiii
. &c. apud
12. Ascidas ('Aokiðas), a Cappadocian, first a Coteler. Alonumenta Eccles. Gracc. vol.
