active part in the enterprise, and, after its success, 12) tells us, that his laws were adapted to an aris-
was made Boeotarch together with Pelopidas and tocracy, whereas in Diodorus we constantly find
Mellon.
was made Boeotarch together with Pelopidas and tocracy, whereas in Diodorus we constantly find
Mellon.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
iv.
(W.
A.
G.
] | the rest (and with them Charminus) remained to
CHARI'XENA (Xap. éva), a lyric poetess, watch the Spartan fleet under the high-admiral
mentioned by Eustathius, who calls her pointpia | Astyochus at Miletus. He was detached a very
Kpouuátw. (Ad Iliad. B' 711. ) Aristophanes al- short time afterwards with twenty vessels to the
ludes to her in a passage which the Scholiast and coast of Lycia, to look out for the Spartan fleet
lexicographers explain as a proverbial expression conveying the deputies who were to examine the
implying that she was “ silly and foolish. ” (Eccle- complaints made against Astyochus. On this ser-
siaz. 943; Suidas, s. V. ; Etymol. Mag. and Hesy- vice he fell in with Astyochus, who was himself
chius, s. t. én Xapitevns. ) She is said to have on the look-out to convoy his countrymen. Char-
been also a flute-player, and an erotic poetess. minus was defeated, and lost six ships, but escaped
(Etym. Mug. and Hesych. l. c. ) Nothing is known with the rest to Halicarnassus. We afterwards
of her time or country. The reference to her as find him assisting the oligarchical party at Samos in
an erotic poetess has been understood as indicating the ineffectual attempt at a revolution. (Thuc. viii.
that she belonged to the Aeolic lyric school; and 30, 41, 42, 73; Aristoph. Thesmoph. 804. ) [A. H. C. )
the words of Hesychius (dpxaia ořoa) perhaps CHARMI'NUS, a Lacedaemonian, was sent by
imply that she lived at a very early period. (P. S. ] Thibron, the Spartan harniost in Asia, to the Cyrean
CHARI'XENUS (Xapíševos) or CHARI’X- Greeks, then at Selymbria and in the service of
ENES (Xaptéves), a physician, who probably Seuthes, to induce them to enter the Lacedemonian
lived in the first century after Christ, as he is service against Persia, B. c. 399. (Xen. Anab. vii.
mentioned by Asclepiades Pharmacion. Several of 6. S 1, &c. , Hell. iii. 1. $ 6 ; Diod. xiv. 37. ) On
his medical formulae have been preserved by this occasion he defended Xenophon from the im-
Galen and Aëtius. (Gal. De Compos. Medicam. putation thrown out against him by some of the
sec. Loc. iii. 3, v. 3, vii
. 2, 4, 5, vol. xii. pp. 685, Cyreans, of treacherous collusion with Seuthes to
829, xiii. pp. 48, 49, 50, 82, 102; Aët. De Med. defraud them of their pay, and he also aided them
ii. 4, 52, p. 406. )
[W. A. G. ) in obtaining what was due to them from the
CHA'RMADAS, philosopher. (CHARMIDES. ] Thracian prince. A great portion of this consisted
CHARMIDES (Xapuidns). 1. An Athenian, in cattle and slaves, and the sale of these and the
son of Glaucon, was cousin to Critias and uncle by distribution of the proceeds was undertaken, at
the mother's side to Plato, who introduces him in Xenophon's request, by Charminus and his col-
the dialogue which bears his name as a very young league, Polynicus, who incurred much odium in
man at the commencement of the Peloponnesian the management of the transaction. (Xen. Anab.
war. (Comp. Heind. ad Plat. Charm. p. 154, and / vii. 6. § 39, 7. SS 13–19, 56. ) [E. E. )
the authorities there referred to. ) In the same CHARMIS (Xápuis), a physician of Marseilles,
dialogue he is represented as a very amiable youth who came to Rome in the reign of Nero, A. D. 54
and of surpassing beauty, and he appears again in -68, where he acquired great fame and wealth
the “Protagoras” at the house of Callias, son of by reviving the practice of cold bathing. (Plin.
Hipponicus. (See p. 567, b. ] We learn from H. N. xxix. 5. ) He is said to have received from
Xenophon, that he was a great favourite with So- one patient two hundred thousand sesterces, or
crates, and was possessed of more than ordinary 15621. 10s. (Plin. H. N. xxix. 8. ) He was also
ability, though his excessive diffidence deprived the inventor of an antidote which was versified by
bis country of the services which he might have Damocrates, and is preserved by Galen. (De Antid.
rendered her as a statesman. In B. C. 404 he was ü. 1, 4, vol. xiv. pp. 114, 126. ). [W. A. G. ]
one of the Ten who were appointed, over and CHAROE'ADES (Xapoiáons), called Chariades
above the thirty tyrants, to the special government by Justin (iv. 3), was joined in command with
of the Peiraeeus, and he was slain fighting against Laches in the earliest expedition sent from Athens
Thrasybulus at the battle of Munychia in the same to Sicily (B. C. 427), and was killed soon after-
year. (Xen. Mem. iii. 6, 7, Hell. ii. 4. & 19; wards. (Thuc. iii. 86, 90; Diod. xii. 54. ) [A. H. C. ]
Schneid. ad loc. )
CHARON (Xápwv), a son of Erebos, the aged
2. Called also Charmadas by Cicero, a disciple and dirty ferryman in the lower world, who con-
of Cleitomachus the Carthaginian, and a friend and veyed in his boat the shades of the dead-though
companion (as he had been the fellow-pupil) of only of those whose bodies were buried — across
Philo of Larissa, in conjunction with whom he is the rivers of the lower world. (Virg. Aen. vi. 295,
said by some to have been the founder of a fourth &c. ; Senec. Herc. fur. 764. ) For this service he
Academy. He flourished, therefore, towards the was paid by each shade with an obolus or danace,
end of the second and at the commencement of the which coin was placed in the mouth of every dead
first century B. C. Cicero, writing in B. C. 45, body previous to its burial. This notion of Charon
speaks of him as recently dead. (Tusc. Disp. i. 24. ) seems to be of late origin, for it does not occur in
On the same authority we learn, that he was re- any of the early poets of Greece. (Paus. x. 28.
markable for his eloquence and for the great com- $ 1; Juven. iii. 267 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1666. )
pass and retentiveness of his memory. His philo- Charon was represented in the Lesche of Delphi
sophical opinions were doubtless coincident with by Polygnotus.
[L, S. )
? Y
## p. 690 (#710) ############################################
690
CHARONDAS.
CHAROPS.
a
CHARON (Xápwv), a distinguished Theban, I have seen, is not included among the Chalcidian
who exposed himself to much danger by conccaling cities, and the date of its foundation is B. C. 443.
Pelopidas and his fellow-conspirators in his house, It is also demonstrated by Bentley (Phalaris, p.
when they returned to Thebes with the view of 367, &c. ), that the laws which Diodorus gives as
delivering it from the Spartans and the oligarchical those drawn up by Charondas for the Thurians
government, B. C. 379. Charon himself took an were in reality not his. For Aristotle (Polit. iv.
active part in the enterprise, and, after its success, 12) tells us, that his laws were adapted to an aris-
was made Boeotarch together with Pelopidas and tocracy, whereas in Diodorus we constantly find
Mellon. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. $ 3; Plut. Pclop. 7–13, him ordering appeals to the oñuos, and the consti-
de Gen. Soc. passim. )
[E. E. ) tution of Thurij is expressly called ToMltevua
CHARON (Xápwv), literary. 1. A historian of Onuok patikov. Again, we learn from a happy cor-
Lampsacus, is mentioned by Tertullian (de Anim. 46) rection made by Bentley in a corrupt passage of
as prior to Herodotus, and is said by Suidas (s. r. ) the Politics (ii. 12), that the only peculiarity in
according to the common reading, to have flourished the laws of Charondas was that he first introduced
(yevóuevos) in the time of Dareius Hystaspis, in the power of prosecuting false witnesses (érioKnys).
the 79th Olympiad (B. c. 464); but, as Dareius But it is quite certain that this was in force at
died in B. c. 485, it has been proposed to read go' Athens long before the existence of Thurii, and
for oỐ in Suidas, thus placing the date of Charon | therefore that Charondas, as its author, also lived
in Ol. 69 or B. c. 504. He lived, however, as late before the foundation of that city. Lastly, we are
as B. C. 464, for he is referred to by Plutarch told by Diogenes Laërtius, that Protagoras was the
(Them. 27) as mentioning the flight of Themistocles lawgiver of Thurii. (See Wesseling's note on Dio-
to Asia in B. C. 465. We find the following list of dorus, l. c. , where Bentley's arguments are summed
his works in Suidas : 1. ALOlotiká. 2. Nepriká. | up with great clearness. ) Diodorus ends the ac-
3. Ελληνικά, 4. Nepl Aauvákov. 5. Aibuká. count of his pseudo-Charondas by the story, that
6. "Opoi Nauyaknywv, a work quoted by Athenaeus he one day forgot to lay aside his sword before he
(xi. p. 475, c. ), where Schweighaeuser proposes to appeared in the assembly, thereby violating one of
substitute por (comp. Diod. i. 26), thus making its his own laws. On being reminded of this by a
subject to be the annals of Lampsacus. 7. Ipv citizen, he exclaimed, ua Aſ anná kúplov Toow,
Táveis o "ApXortes oi râv Aake almovíwv, a chro and immediately stabbed himself. This anecdote
nological work. 8. Ktoets Tónewv. 9. Kptiká. is also told of Diocles of Syracuse, and of Zaleucus,
10. Περίπλους και εκτός των Ηρακλείων στηλών. though Valerius Maximus (vi. S 5) agrees with
The fragments of Charon, together with those of Diodorus in attributing it to Charondas. The story
Hecataeus and Xanthus, have been published by that Charondas was a Pythagorean, is probably an
Creuzer, Heidelberg, 1806, and by Car. and Th. instance of the practice which arose in later times
Müller, Fragm. Histor. Graec. Paris, 1841. Be of calling every distinguished lawgiver a disciple
sides the references above given, comp. Plut. de of Pythagoras, which title was even conferred on
Mul. Virt. s. v. nauvárn; Strab. xiii. p. 583; Numa Pompilius. (Comp. Iamblich. l'it. Pythag.
Paus. x. 38; Athen. xii. p. 520, d. ; Ael. V. H. i. 15; c. 7. ) Among several pretended laws of Charondas
Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 2, 479; Voss. de Hist. preserved by Stobaeus, there is one probably au-
Graec. b. i. c. 1; Clint. Fast. sub annis 504, 464. thentic, since it is found in a fragment of Theo-
2. Of Carthage, wrote an account of all the ty- phrastus. (Stob. Serm. 48. ) This enacts, that all
rants of Europe and Asia, and also the lives of buying and selling is to be transacted with ready
illustrious men and women. (Suid. s. v. ; Voss. de money, and that the government is to provide nj
Hist. Graec. p. 415, ed. Westermann. )
remedy for those who lose their money by giving
3. Of Naucratis, was the author of a history of credit. The same ordinance will be found in Pla-
the Alexandrian and Egyptian priests, and of the to’s Laws. The laws of Charondas were probably
events which occurred under each ; likewise of a in verse. (Athen. xiv. p. 619. ) The fragments of
treatise on Naucratis, and other works. (Suid. s. v. ) the laws of Charondas are given in Heyne's Opus-
The Charon who was a friend of Apollonius Rho- cula, vol. ii. p. 74, &c.
[G. E. L. C. ]
dius, and wrote a historical commentary on his CHAROPS (Xápo:), bright-eyed or joyful-
Argonaulica, has been identified by some with the looking, a surname of Heracles, under which he
historian of Naucratis, by others with the Cartha- had a statue near mount Laphystion on the spot
ginian. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. b. iii. c. 21; Voss. where he was believed to have brought forth
de Hist. Graec. pp. 20, 138, 144, 415, ed. Wester- Cerberus from the lower world. (Paus. ix. 34.
mann; Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 1054. ) [E. E. ] | $ 4. ) There are also two mythical beings of this
CHARONDAS (Xapuvdas), a lawgiver of Ca- name. (Hom. Od. xi. 427 ; Hom. Hymn. in Merc.
tana, who legislated for his own and the other | 194; Hygin. Fab. 181. )
(L. S. ]
cities of Chalcidian origin in Sicily and Italy. CHAROPS (Xápou). 1. A chief among the
(Aristot. Polit. ii. 10. ) Now, these were Zancle, Epeirots, who sided with the Romans in their war
Naxos, Leontini, Euboea, Mylae, Himera, Callipo- with Philip V. , and, by sending a shepherd to
lis, and Rhegium. He must have lived before the guide a portion of the Roman army over the
time of Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhegium, i. e. before heights above the position of the Macedonians,
B. C. 494, for the Rhegians used the laws Cha- enabled Flamininus to dislodge Philip from the
rondas till they were abolished by Anaxilaus, who, defile which he had occupied in Epeirus, B. c. 198.
after a reign of eighteen years, died B.
CHARI'XENA (Xap. éva), a lyric poetess, watch the Spartan fleet under the high-admiral
mentioned by Eustathius, who calls her pointpia | Astyochus at Miletus. He was detached a very
Kpouuátw. (Ad Iliad. B' 711. ) Aristophanes al- short time afterwards with twenty vessels to the
ludes to her in a passage which the Scholiast and coast of Lycia, to look out for the Spartan fleet
lexicographers explain as a proverbial expression conveying the deputies who were to examine the
implying that she was “ silly and foolish. ” (Eccle- complaints made against Astyochus. On this ser-
siaz. 943; Suidas, s. V. ; Etymol. Mag. and Hesy- vice he fell in with Astyochus, who was himself
chius, s. t. én Xapitevns. ) She is said to have on the look-out to convoy his countrymen. Char-
been also a flute-player, and an erotic poetess. minus was defeated, and lost six ships, but escaped
(Etym. Mug. and Hesych. l. c. ) Nothing is known with the rest to Halicarnassus. We afterwards
of her time or country. The reference to her as find him assisting the oligarchical party at Samos in
an erotic poetess has been understood as indicating the ineffectual attempt at a revolution. (Thuc. viii.
that she belonged to the Aeolic lyric school; and 30, 41, 42, 73; Aristoph. Thesmoph. 804. ) [A. H. C. )
the words of Hesychius (dpxaia ořoa) perhaps CHARMI'NUS, a Lacedaemonian, was sent by
imply that she lived at a very early period. (P. S. ] Thibron, the Spartan harniost in Asia, to the Cyrean
CHARI'XENUS (Xapíševos) or CHARI’X- Greeks, then at Selymbria and in the service of
ENES (Xaptéves), a physician, who probably Seuthes, to induce them to enter the Lacedemonian
lived in the first century after Christ, as he is service against Persia, B. c. 399. (Xen. Anab. vii.
mentioned by Asclepiades Pharmacion. Several of 6. S 1, &c. , Hell. iii. 1. $ 6 ; Diod. xiv. 37. ) On
his medical formulae have been preserved by this occasion he defended Xenophon from the im-
Galen and Aëtius. (Gal. De Compos. Medicam. putation thrown out against him by some of the
sec. Loc. iii. 3, v. 3, vii
. 2, 4, 5, vol. xii. pp. 685, Cyreans, of treacherous collusion with Seuthes to
829, xiii. pp. 48, 49, 50, 82, 102; Aët. De Med. defraud them of their pay, and he also aided them
ii. 4, 52, p. 406. )
[W. A. G. ) in obtaining what was due to them from the
CHA'RMADAS, philosopher. (CHARMIDES. ] Thracian prince. A great portion of this consisted
CHARMIDES (Xapuidns). 1. An Athenian, in cattle and slaves, and the sale of these and the
son of Glaucon, was cousin to Critias and uncle by distribution of the proceeds was undertaken, at
the mother's side to Plato, who introduces him in Xenophon's request, by Charminus and his col-
the dialogue which bears his name as a very young league, Polynicus, who incurred much odium in
man at the commencement of the Peloponnesian the management of the transaction. (Xen. Anab.
war. (Comp. Heind. ad Plat. Charm. p. 154, and / vii. 6. § 39, 7. SS 13–19, 56. ) [E. E. )
the authorities there referred to. ) In the same CHARMIS (Xápuis), a physician of Marseilles,
dialogue he is represented as a very amiable youth who came to Rome in the reign of Nero, A. D. 54
and of surpassing beauty, and he appears again in -68, where he acquired great fame and wealth
the “Protagoras” at the house of Callias, son of by reviving the practice of cold bathing. (Plin.
Hipponicus. (See p. 567, b. ] We learn from H. N. xxix. 5. ) He is said to have received from
Xenophon, that he was a great favourite with So- one patient two hundred thousand sesterces, or
crates, and was possessed of more than ordinary 15621. 10s. (Plin. H. N. xxix. 8. ) He was also
ability, though his excessive diffidence deprived the inventor of an antidote which was versified by
bis country of the services which he might have Damocrates, and is preserved by Galen. (De Antid.
rendered her as a statesman. In B. C. 404 he was ü. 1, 4, vol. xiv. pp. 114, 126. ). [W. A. G. ]
one of the Ten who were appointed, over and CHAROE'ADES (Xapoiáons), called Chariades
above the thirty tyrants, to the special government by Justin (iv. 3), was joined in command with
of the Peiraeeus, and he was slain fighting against Laches in the earliest expedition sent from Athens
Thrasybulus at the battle of Munychia in the same to Sicily (B. C. 427), and was killed soon after-
year. (Xen. Mem. iii. 6, 7, Hell. ii. 4. & 19; wards. (Thuc. iii. 86, 90; Diod. xii. 54. ) [A. H. C. ]
Schneid. ad loc. )
CHARON (Xápwv), a son of Erebos, the aged
2. Called also Charmadas by Cicero, a disciple and dirty ferryman in the lower world, who con-
of Cleitomachus the Carthaginian, and a friend and veyed in his boat the shades of the dead-though
companion (as he had been the fellow-pupil) of only of those whose bodies were buried — across
Philo of Larissa, in conjunction with whom he is the rivers of the lower world. (Virg. Aen. vi. 295,
said by some to have been the founder of a fourth &c. ; Senec. Herc. fur. 764. ) For this service he
Academy. He flourished, therefore, towards the was paid by each shade with an obolus or danace,
end of the second and at the commencement of the which coin was placed in the mouth of every dead
first century B. C. Cicero, writing in B. C. 45, body previous to its burial. This notion of Charon
speaks of him as recently dead. (Tusc. Disp. i. 24. ) seems to be of late origin, for it does not occur in
On the same authority we learn, that he was re- any of the early poets of Greece. (Paus. x. 28.
markable for his eloquence and for the great com- $ 1; Juven. iii. 267 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1666. )
pass and retentiveness of his memory. His philo- Charon was represented in the Lesche of Delphi
sophical opinions were doubtless coincident with by Polygnotus.
[L, S. )
? Y
## p. 690 (#710) ############################################
690
CHARONDAS.
CHAROPS.
a
CHARON (Xápwv), a distinguished Theban, I have seen, is not included among the Chalcidian
who exposed himself to much danger by conccaling cities, and the date of its foundation is B. C. 443.
Pelopidas and his fellow-conspirators in his house, It is also demonstrated by Bentley (Phalaris, p.
when they returned to Thebes with the view of 367, &c. ), that the laws which Diodorus gives as
delivering it from the Spartans and the oligarchical those drawn up by Charondas for the Thurians
government, B. C. 379. Charon himself took an were in reality not his. For Aristotle (Polit. iv.
active part in the enterprise, and, after its success, 12) tells us, that his laws were adapted to an aris-
was made Boeotarch together with Pelopidas and tocracy, whereas in Diodorus we constantly find
Mellon. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. $ 3; Plut. Pclop. 7–13, him ordering appeals to the oñuos, and the consti-
de Gen. Soc. passim. )
[E. E. ) tution of Thurij is expressly called ToMltevua
CHARON (Xápwv), literary. 1. A historian of Onuok patikov. Again, we learn from a happy cor-
Lampsacus, is mentioned by Tertullian (de Anim. 46) rection made by Bentley in a corrupt passage of
as prior to Herodotus, and is said by Suidas (s. r. ) the Politics (ii. 12), that the only peculiarity in
according to the common reading, to have flourished the laws of Charondas was that he first introduced
(yevóuevos) in the time of Dareius Hystaspis, in the power of prosecuting false witnesses (érioKnys).
the 79th Olympiad (B. c. 464); but, as Dareius But it is quite certain that this was in force at
died in B. c. 485, it has been proposed to read go' Athens long before the existence of Thurii, and
for oỐ in Suidas, thus placing the date of Charon | therefore that Charondas, as its author, also lived
in Ol. 69 or B. c. 504. He lived, however, as late before the foundation of that city. Lastly, we are
as B. C. 464, for he is referred to by Plutarch told by Diogenes Laërtius, that Protagoras was the
(Them. 27) as mentioning the flight of Themistocles lawgiver of Thurii. (See Wesseling's note on Dio-
to Asia in B. C. 465. We find the following list of dorus, l. c. , where Bentley's arguments are summed
his works in Suidas : 1. ALOlotiká. 2. Nepriká. | up with great clearness. ) Diodorus ends the ac-
3. Ελληνικά, 4. Nepl Aauvákov. 5. Aibuká. count of his pseudo-Charondas by the story, that
6. "Opoi Nauyaknywv, a work quoted by Athenaeus he one day forgot to lay aside his sword before he
(xi. p. 475, c. ), where Schweighaeuser proposes to appeared in the assembly, thereby violating one of
substitute por (comp. Diod. i. 26), thus making its his own laws. On being reminded of this by a
subject to be the annals of Lampsacus. 7. Ipv citizen, he exclaimed, ua Aſ anná kúplov Toow,
Táveis o "ApXortes oi râv Aake almovíwv, a chro and immediately stabbed himself. This anecdote
nological work. 8. Ktoets Tónewv. 9. Kptiká. is also told of Diocles of Syracuse, and of Zaleucus,
10. Περίπλους και εκτός των Ηρακλείων στηλών. though Valerius Maximus (vi. S 5) agrees with
The fragments of Charon, together with those of Diodorus in attributing it to Charondas. The story
Hecataeus and Xanthus, have been published by that Charondas was a Pythagorean, is probably an
Creuzer, Heidelberg, 1806, and by Car. and Th. instance of the practice which arose in later times
Müller, Fragm. Histor. Graec. Paris, 1841. Be of calling every distinguished lawgiver a disciple
sides the references above given, comp. Plut. de of Pythagoras, which title was even conferred on
Mul. Virt. s. v. nauvárn; Strab. xiii. p. 583; Numa Pompilius. (Comp. Iamblich. l'it. Pythag.
Paus. x. 38; Athen. xii. p. 520, d. ; Ael. V. H. i. 15; c. 7. ) Among several pretended laws of Charondas
Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 2, 479; Voss. de Hist. preserved by Stobaeus, there is one probably au-
Graec. b. i. c. 1; Clint. Fast. sub annis 504, 464. thentic, since it is found in a fragment of Theo-
2. Of Carthage, wrote an account of all the ty- phrastus. (Stob. Serm. 48. ) This enacts, that all
rants of Europe and Asia, and also the lives of buying and selling is to be transacted with ready
illustrious men and women. (Suid. s. v. ; Voss. de money, and that the government is to provide nj
Hist. Graec. p. 415, ed. Westermann. )
remedy for those who lose their money by giving
3. Of Naucratis, was the author of a history of credit. The same ordinance will be found in Pla-
the Alexandrian and Egyptian priests, and of the to’s Laws. The laws of Charondas were probably
events which occurred under each ; likewise of a in verse. (Athen. xiv. p. 619. ) The fragments of
treatise on Naucratis, and other works. (Suid. s. v. ) the laws of Charondas are given in Heyne's Opus-
The Charon who was a friend of Apollonius Rho- cula, vol. ii. p. 74, &c.
[G. E. L. C. ]
dius, and wrote a historical commentary on his CHAROPS (Xápo:), bright-eyed or joyful-
Argonaulica, has been identified by some with the looking, a surname of Heracles, under which he
historian of Naucratis, by others with the Cartha- had a statue near mount Laphystion on the spot
ginian. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. b. iii. c. 21; Voss. where he was believed to have brought forth
de Hist. Graec. pp. 20, 138, 144, 415, ed. Wester- Cerberus from the lower world. (Paus. ix. 34.
mann; Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 1054. ) [E. E. ] | $ 4. ) There are also two mythical beings of this
CHARONDAS (Xapuvdas), a lawgiver of Ca- name. (Hom. Od. xi. 427 ; Hom. Hymn. in Merc.
tana, who legislated for his own and the other | 194; Hygin. Fab. 181. )
(L. S. ]
cities of Chalcidian origin in Sicily and Italy. CHAROPS (Xápou). 1. A chief among the
(Aristot. Polit. ii. 10. ) Now, these were Zancle, Epeirots, who sided with the Romans in their war
Naxos, Leontini, Euboea, Mylae, Himera, Callipo- with Philip V. , and, by sending a shepherd to
lis, and Rhegium. He must have lived before the guide a portion of the Roman army over the
time of Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhegium, i. e. before heights above the position of the Macedonians,
B. C. 494, for the Rhegians used the laws Cha- enabled Flamininus to dislodge Philip from the
rondas till they were abolished by Anaxilaus, who, defile which he had occupied in Epeirus, B. c. 198.
after a reign of eighteen years, died B.
