POINTS OF
EMBARKING
AND LANDING.
Napoleon - History of Julius Caesar - b
I.
,
p. 518, and the _Biographie Universelle_, article _Charles VIII. _)
_Charles V. _, who professed a great admiration for Cæsar, left a copy of
the _Commentaries_ filled with marginal notes, written with his own
hand. It was at his instigation that the Viceroy of Sicily, Ferdinand
Gonzaga, sent a scientific mission into France to study Cæsar’s
campaigns on the localities. The forty plans which were made by the
members of this commission, and among which that of Alise is found, were
published in 1575, in the edition of James Strada.
_The Sultan Soliman II. _, contemporary of Charles V. , whom he had taken
for his model, sent through all Europe to procure as many copies of
Cæsar’s _Commentaries_ as could be found, which he ordered to be
collated, and caused a translation to be made into the Turkish language
for his own daily reading.
_The King of France, Henri IV. _, translated the two first books of
Cæsar’s _Commentaries_. The manuscript of this translation was deposited
in the Bibliothèque du Roi, and M. des Noyers took it thence to deliver
it to Louis XIII. , who, in his turn, translated the two last books of
the _Commentaries_. These two translations were joined together, and
printed at the Louvre in 1630.
_Louis XIV. _ translated the first book of the _Commentaries_. His
translation was printed at Paris in 1651, in folio, with figures. This
work has not been reprinted; it is now very rare. The reader may consult
on this subject the _Méthode d’étudier l’Histoire_ of the Abbé
Lenglet-Dufresnoy, tom. II. , p. 481; and J. Ch. Brunet, _Manuel du
Libraire et de l’Amateur de Livres_, fourth edition, tom. I. , p. 519.
_The great Condé_, who had studied with care the campaigns of Cæsar,
encouraged the translation of the _Commentaries_ undertaken by Nicolas
Perrot d’Ablancourt; it was the translation most esteemed and the most
in vogue during the last century.
_Christina, Queen of Sweden_, had composed _Reflections on the Life and
Actions of Cæsar_, as we are informed by J. Arckenholz in his work
entitled _Mémoires concernant Christine, Reine de Suède_, Amsterdam,
1751-1760, tom. IV. , No. 6, p. 4.
_Louis Philippe Joseph d’Orléans_, surnamed _Egalité_, was a great
reader of the _Commentaries_. He caused a map of Cæsar’s campaigns in
Gaul to be made.
Lastly, _the Emperor Napoleon I. _, at St. Helena, dictated a _Précis des
Guerres de César_ to Comte Marchand, who published it in Paris in 1836,
in 8vo.
CONTENTS.
BOOK III.
THE WARS IN GAUL, AFTER THE “COMMENTARIES. ”
CHAPTER I.
POLITICAL CAUSES OF THE GALLIC WAR.
PAGE
I. ENTERPRISING CHARACTER OF THE GAULS. 1
II. WARS OF THE ROMANS BEYOND THE ALPS. 3
III. CONTINUAL PRE-OCCUPATION OF THE ROMANS IN REGARD TO THE
GAULS. 7
IV. PLAN FOLLOWED IN THE RELATION OF THE WAR IN GAUL. 13
CHAPTER II.
STATE OF GAUL IN THE TIME OF CÆSAR.
I. GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION. (_See Plate 1. _) 15
II. POLITICAL DIVISIONS. (_See Plate 2. _) 22
III. MANNERS. 32
IV. INSTITUTIONS. 41
CHAPTER III.
CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE HELVETII.
(Year of Rome 696. )
(BOOK I. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
I. PROJECTS OF INVASION BY THE HELVETII. (_See Plate 3. _) 49
II. CÆSAR’S ARRIVAL AT GENEVA. 52
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE RETRENCHMENT OF THE RHONE. (_See
Plate 8. _) 52
IV. THE HELVETII BEGIN THEIR MARCH TOWARDS THE SAÔNE. CÆSAR
UNITES HIS TROOPS. (_See Plates 2 and 4. _) 59
V. DEFEAT OF THE HELVETII ON THE SAÔNE. (_See Plates 2 and 4. _) 64
VI. DEFEAT OF THE HELVETII NEAR BIBRACTE. (_See Plates 4 and 5. _) 72
VII. PURSUIT OF THE HELVETII 76
VIII. OBSERVATIONS 79
CHAPTER IV.
CAMPAIGN AGAINST ARIOVISTUS.
(Year of Rome 696. )
(BOOK I. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
I. SEAT OF THE SUEVI AND OTHER GERMAN TRIBES. (_See Plate 2. _) 80
II. THE GAULS SOLICIT CÆSAR TO COME TO THEIR SUCCOUR. 83
III. MARCH OF CÆSAR UPON BESANÇON. (_See Plate 4. _) 86
IV. PANIC IN THE ROMAN ARMY. 88
V. MARCH TOWARDS THE VALLEY OF THE RHINE. (_See Plate 4. _) 91
VI. INTERVIEW BETWEEN CÆSAR AND ARIOVISTUS. (_See Plate 6. _) 94
VII. MOVEMENTS OF THE TWO ARMIES. (_See Plates 2 and 6. _) 97
VIII. BATTLE AGAINST THE GERMANS. (_See Plate 4. _) 99
IX. OBSERVATIONS. 103
CHAPTER V.
WAR AGAINST THE BELGÆ
(Year of Rome 697. )
(BOOK II. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
I. LEAGUE OF THE BELGÆ. CÆSAR ADVANCES FROM BESANÇON TO
THE AISNE. (_See Plate 4. _) 106
II. CÆSAR’S CAMP AT BERRY-AU-BAC. (_See Plates 2, 7, 8, and 9. _) 109
III. BATTLE ON THE AISNE. 113
IV. RETREAT OF THE BELGÆ. 115
V. CAPTURE OF NOVIODUNUM AND BRATUSPANTIUM. (_See Plate 7. _) 116
VI. MARCH AGAINST THE NERVII. (_See Plates 7 and 10. _) 118
VII. BATTLE ON THE SAMBRE. (_See Plate 10. _) 121
VIII. SIEGE OF THE OPPIDUM OF THE ADUATUCI. (_See Plate 11. _) 128
IX. SUBJUGATION OF THE ARMORICA BY P. CRASSUS. 131
X. EXPEDITION OF GALBA INTO THE VALAIS. 132
CHAPTER VI.
(Year of Rome 698. )
(BOOK III. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
WAR OF THE VENETII--VICTORY OVER THE UNELLI--SUBMISSION OF AQUITAINE--MARCH
AGAINST THE MORINI AND THE MENAPII.
I. INSURRECTION OF THE MARITIME PEOPLES. (_See Plate 12. _) 135
II. WAR AGAINST THE VENETI. (_See Plate 12. _) 137
III. NAVAL COMBAT AGAINST THE VENETI. (_See Plate 12. _) 141
IV. VICTORY OF SABINUS OVER THE UNELLI. (_See Plate 13. _) 144
V. CONQUEST OF AQUITAINE BY P. CRASSUS. 146
VI. MARCH AGAINST THE MORINI AND THE MENAPII. 150
VII. OBSERVATIONS. 151
CHAPTER VII.
(Year of Rome 699. )
(BOOK IV. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
INCURSIONS OF THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI--FIRST PASSAGE OF THE
RHINE--FIRST DESCENT IN BRITAIN--CHASTISEMENT OF THE MORINI AND
THE MENAPII.
I. CÆSAR’S MARCH AGAINST THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI.
(_See Plate 14. _) 153
II. ROUT OF THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI. 158
III. FIRST PASSAGE OF THE RHINE. (_See Plates 14 and 15. _) 160
IV. DESCRIPTION OF BRITAIN IN THE TIME OF CÆSAR. 165
V. FIRST EXPEDITION TO BRITAIN. (_See Plates 16 and 17. _) 172
VI. CHASTISEMENT OF THE MORINI AND MENAPII. 184
VII. ORDER FOR REBUILDING THE FLEET. DEPARTURE FOR ILLYRIA. 185
VIII.
POINTS OF EMBARKING AND LANDING. DATE OF THE ARRIVAL
IN BRITAIN. (_See Plate 16. _) 186
IX. RÉSUMÉ OF THE DATES OF THE CAMPAIGN OF 699. 202
CHAPTER VIII.
(Year of Rome 700. )
(BOOK V. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
MARCH AGAINST THE TREVIRI--SECOND DESCENT IN BRITAIN.
I. INSPECTION OF THE FLEET. MARCH AGAINST THE TREVIRI. 204
II. DEPARTURE FOR THE ISLE OF BRITAIN. (_See Plate 16. _) 206
III. MARCH INTO THE INTERIOR OF THE COUNTRY. (_See Plate 16. _) 208
IV. DESTRUCTION OF A PART OF THE FLEET. 210
V. CÆSAR RESUMES THE OFFENSIVE. 211
VI. MARCH TOWARDS THE THAMES. (_See Plate 16. _) 214
VII. SUBMISSION OF A PART OF BRITAIN. (_See Plate 16. _) 216
VIII. RE-EMBARKATION OF THE ARMY. 217
IX. OBSERVATIONS. (_See Plate 16. _) 219
X. PRESUMED DATES OF THE SECOND CAMPAIGN IN BRITAIN. 223
XI. DISTRIBUTION OF THE LEGIONS IN THEIR WINTER QUARTERS.
(_See Plates 14 and 18. _) 225
XII. DEFEAT OF SABINUS AT ADUATUCA. 228
XIII. ATTACK ON CICERO’S CAMP. 234
XIV. CÆSAR MARCHES TO THE SUCCOUR OF CICERO. (_See Plates 14
and 27, Fig. 8. _) 236
XV. CÆSAR PLACES HIS TROOPS IN WINTER QUARTERS. LABIENUS
DEFEATS INDUTIOMARUS. 246
XVI. OBSERVATIONS. 250
CHAPTER IX.
(Year of Rome 701. )
(BOOK VI. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE NERVII AND THE TREVIRI--SECOND PASSAGE OF
THE RHINE--WAR AGAINST AMBIORIX AND THE EBURONES.
I. CÆSAR AUGMENTS HIS ARMY. 253
II. WAR AGAINST THE NERVII. GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GAUL. 254
III. SUBMISSION OF THE MENAPII. 256
IV. SUCCESS OF LABIENUS AGAINST THE TREVIRI. 257
V. SECOND PASSAGE OF THE RHINE. 260
VI. WAR AGAINST AMBIORIX. (_See Plates 2 and 14. _) 262
VII. THE SICAMBRI ATTACK ADUATUCA. (_See Plate 18. _) 265
CHAPTER X.
(Year of Rome 702. )
(BOOK VII. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
REVOLT OF GAUL--CAPTURE OF VELLAUNODUNUM, GENABUM, AND NOVIODUNUM--SIEGES
OF AVARICUM AND GERGOVIA--CAMPAIGN OF LABIENUS
AGAINST THE PARISII--SIEGE OF ALESIA.
I. REVOLT OF GAUL. 272
II. CÆSAR BEGINS THE CAMPAIGN. (_See Plate 19. _) 275
III. TAKING OF VELLAUNODUNUM, GENABUM, AND NOVIODUNUM. (_See
Plate 19. _) 278
IV. SIEGE OF AVARICUM. (_See Plate 20. _) 287
V. ARRIVAL OF CÆSAR AT DECETIA, AND MARCH TOWARDS AUVERGNE.
(_See Plates 19 and 21. _) 299
VI. BLOCKADE OF GERGOVIA. (_See Plates 21 and 22. _) 303
VII. OBSERVATIONS. 319
VIII. CÆSAR LEAVES GERGOVIA IN ORDER TO JOIN LABIENUS. 320
IX. EXPEDITION OF LABIENUS AGAINST THE PARISII. (_See Plate 23. _) 323
X. THE GAULS ASSUME THE OFFENSIVE. 329
XI. JUNCTION OF CÆSAR AND LABIENUS. BATTLE OF THE VINGEANNE.
(_See Plates 19 and 24. _) 331
XII. BLOCKADE OF ALESIA. (_See Plates 25, 26, 27, and 28. _) 338
XIII. DETAILS OF THE EXCAVATIONS AT MONT AUXOIS. (_See Plates
25, 27, and 28. _) 358
CHAPTER XI.
(Year of Rome 703. )
(BOOK VIII. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
I. EXPEDITION AGAINST THE BITURIGES AND CARNUTES. 367
II. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE BELLOVACI. (_See Plates 29 and 30. _) 369
III. BATTLE ON THE AISNE. 377
IV. DEVASTATION OF THE COUNTRY OF THE EBURONES. 379
V. EXPEDITION AGAINST DUMNACUS. 381
VI. CAPTURE OF UXELLODUNUM. (_See Plates 31 and 32. _) 383
VII. EXCAVATIONS MADE AT PUY D’ISSOLU. (_See Plates 31 and 32. _) 390
VIII. COMPLETE SUBMISSION OF GAUL. 395
BOOK IV.
RECAPITULATION OF THE WAR IN GAUL, AND RELATION
OF EVENTS AT ROME FROM 696 TO 705.
CHAPTER I.
EVENTS OF THE YEAR 696.
I. DIFFICULTIES OF CÆSAR’S TASK. 399
II. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE HELVETII. 402
III. CAMPAIGN AGAINST ARIOVISTUS. 405
IV. SEQUEL OF THE CONSULSHIP OF L. CALPURNIUS PISO AND AULUS
GALBINIUS. 408
V. INTRIGUES OF CLODIUS. 409
VI. POMPEY CONSULTS CÆSAR ON THE RETURN OF CICERO. 410
VII. POMPEY BELIEVES HIMSELF THREATENED BY A SLAVE OF CLODIUS. 411
CHAPTER II.
EVENTS OF THE YEAR 697.
I. WAR AGAINST THE BELGÆ. 413
II. RETURN OF CICERO. 416
III. POMPEY IS CHARGED WITH THE SUPPLYING OF FOOD. 419
IV. FESTIVALS TO COMMEMORATE CÆSAR’S VICTORIES. 420
V. RIOTS AT ROME. 421
CHAPTER III.
EVENTS IN ROME DURING THE YEAR 698.
I. PRESENCE IN ROME OF PTOLEMY AULETES. 424
II. CLODIUS NAMED ÆDILE. TRIAL OF MILO. 426
III. RETURN OF CATO. 429
IV. STATE OF ANARCHY IN ROME. 430
V. THE INTERVIEW AT LUCCA. 433
VI. CONSEQUENCES OF THE INTERVIEW AT LUCCA. CONDUCT OF
CICERO. 438
VII. INTRIGUES OF POMPEY AND CRASSUS TO OBTAIN THE CONSULSHIP. 443
VIII. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE PEOPLES ON THE SHORES OF THE OCEAN. 445
CHAPTER IV.
EVENTS OF THE YEAR 699.
I. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI. 449
II. FIRST DESCENT IN ENGLAND. 451
III. CÆSAR’S HABITS WHEN IN CAMPAIGN. 452
IV. CONSULSHIP OF POMPEY AND CRASSUS. 453
V. MOTION OF TREBONIUS ON THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCES.
p. 518, and the _Biographie Universelle_, article _Charles VIII. _)
_Charles V. _, who professed a great admiration for Cæsar, left a copy of
the _Commentaries_ filled with marginal notes, written with his own
hand. It was at his instigation that the Viceroy of Sicily, Ferdinand
Gonzaga, sent a scientific mission into France to study Cæsar’s
campaigns on the localities. The forty plans which were made by the
members of this commission, and among which that of Alise is found, were
published in 1575, in the edition of James Strada.
_The Sultan Soliman II. _, contemporary of Charles V. , whom he had taken
for his model, sent through all Europe to procure as many copies of
Cæsar’s _Commentaries_ as could be found, which he ordered to be
collated, and caused a translation to be made into the Turkish language
for his own daily reading.
_The King of France, Henri IV. _, translated the two first books of
Cæsar’s _Commentaries_. The manuscript of this translation was deposited
in the Bibliothèque du Roi, and M. des Noyers took it thence to deliver
it to Louis XIII. , who, in his turn, translated the two last books of
the _Commentaries_. These two translations were joined together, and
printed at the Louvre in 1630.
_Louis XIV. _ translated the first book of the _Commentaries_. His
translation was printed at Paris in 1651, in folio, with figures. This
work has not been reprinted; it is now very rare. The reader may consult
on this subject the _Méthode d’étudier l’Histoire_ of the Abbé
Lenglet-Dufresnoy, tom. II. , p. 481; and J. Ch. Brunet, _Manuel du
Libraire et de l’Amateur de Livres_, fourth edition, tom. I. , p. 519.
_The great Condé_, who had studied with care the campaigns of Cæsar,
encouraged the translation of the _Commentaries_ undertaken by Nicolas
Perrot d’Ablancourt; it was the translation most esteemed and the most
in vogue during the last century.
_Christina, Queen of Sweden_, had composed _Reflections on the Life and
Actions of Cæsar_, as we are informed by J. Arckenholz in his work
entitled _Mémoires concernant Christine, Reine de Suède_, Amsterdam,
1751-1760, tom. IV. , No. 6, p. 4.
_Louis Philippe Joseph d’Orléans_, surnamed _Egalité_, was a great
reader of the _Commentaries_. He caused a map of Cæsar’s campaigns in
Gaul to be made.
Lastly, _the Emperor Napoleon I. _, at St. Helena, dictated a _Précis des
Guerres de César_ to Comte Marchand, who published it in Paris in 1836,
in 8vo.
CONTENTS.
BOOK III.
THE WARS IN GAUL, AFTER THE “COMMENTARIES. ”
CHAPTER I.
POLITICAL CAUSES OF THE GALLIC WAR.
PAGE
I. ENTERPRISING CHARACTER OF THE GAULS. 1
II. WARS OF THE ROMANS BEYOND THE ALPS. 3
III. CONTINUAL PRE-OCCUPATION OF THE ROMANS IN REGARD TO THE
GAULS. 7
IV. PLAN FOLLOWED IN THE RELATION OF THE WAR IN GAUL. 13
CHAPTER II.
STATE OF GAUL IN THE TIME OF CÆSAR.
I. GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION. (_See Plate 1. _) 15
II. POLITICAL DIVISIONS. (_See Plate 2. _) 22
III. MANNERS. 32
IV. INSTITUTIONS. 41
CHAPTER III.
CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE HELVETII.
(Year of Rome 696. )
(BOOK I. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
I. PROJECTS OF INVASION BY THE HELVETII. (_See Plate 3. _) 49
II. CÆSAR’S ARRIVAL AT GENEVA. 52
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE RETRENCHMENT OF THE RHONE. (_See
Plate 8. _) 52
IV. THE HELVETII BEGIN THEIR MARCH TOWARDS THE SAÔNE. CÆSAR
UNITES HIS TROOPS. (_See Plates 2 and 4. _) 59
V. DEFEAT OF THE HELVETII ON THE SAÔNE. (_See Plates 2 and 4. _) 64
VI. DEFEAT OF THE HELVETII NEAR BIBRACTE. (_See Plates 4 and 5. _) 72
VII. PURSUIT OF THE HELVETII 76
VIII. OBSERVATIONS 79
CHAPTER IV.
CAMPAIGN AGAINST ARIOVISTUS.
(Year of Rome 696. )
(BOOK I. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
I. SEAT OF THE SUEVI AND OTHER GERMAN TRIBES. (_See Plate 2. _) 80
II. THE GAULS SOLICIT CÆSAR TO COME TO THEIR SUCCOUR. 83
III. MARCH OF CÆSAR UPON BESANÇON. (_See Plate 4. _) 86
IV. PANIC IN THE ROMAN ARMY. 88
V. MARCH TOWARDS THE VALLEY OF THE RHINE. (_See Plate 4. _) 91
VI. INTERVIEW BETWEEN CÆSAR AND ARIOVISTUS. (_See Plate 6. _) 94
VII. MOVEMENTS OF THE TWO ARMIES. (_See Plates 2 and 6. _) 97
VIII. BATTLE AGAINST THE GERMANS. (_See Plate 4. _) 99
IX. OBSERVATIONS. 103
CHAPTER V.
WAR AGAINST THE BELGÆ
(Year of Rome 697. )
(BOOK II. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
I. LEAGUE OF THE BELGÆ. CÆSAR ADVANCES FROM BESANÇON TO
THE AISNE. (_See Plate 4. _) 106
II. CÆSAR’S CAMP AT BERRY-AU-BAC. (_See Plates 2, 7, 8, and 9. _) 109
III. BATTLE ON THE AISNE. 113
IV. RETREAT OF THE BELGÆ. 115
V. CAPTURE OF NOVIODUNUM AND BRATUSPANTIUM. (_See Plate 7. _) 116
VI. MARCH AGAINST THE NERVII. (_See Plates 7 and 10. _) 118
VII. BATTLE ON THE SAMBRE. (_See Plate 10. _) 121
VIII. SIEGE OF THE OPPIDUM OF THE ADUATUCI. (_See Plate 11. _) 128
IX. SUBJUGATION OF THE ARMORICA BY P. CRASSUS. 131
X. EXPEDITION OF GALBA INTO THE VALAIS. 132
CHAPTER VI.
(Year of Rome 698. )
(BOOK III. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
WAR OF THE VENETII--VICTORY OVER THE UNELLI--SUBMISSION OF AQUITAINE--MARCH
AGAINST THE MORINI AND THE MENAPII.
I. INSURRECTION OF THE MARITIME PEOPLES. (_See Plate 12. _) 135
II. WAR AGAINST THE VENETI. (_See Plate 12. _) 137
III. NAVAL COMBAT AGAINST THE VENETI. (_See Plate 12. _) 141
IV. VICTORY OF SABINUS OVER THE UNELLI. (_See Plate 13. _) 144
V. CONQUEST OF AQUITAINE BY P. CRASSUS. 146
VI. MARCH AGAINST THE MORINI AND THE MENAPII. 150
VII. OBSERVATIONS. 151
CHAPTER VII.
(Year of Rome 699. )
(BOOK IV. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
INCURSIONS OF THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI--FIRST PASSAGE OF THE
RHINE--FIRST DESCENT IN BRITAIN--CHASTISEMENT OF THE MORINI AND
THE MENAPII.
I. CÆSAR’S MARCH AGAINST THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI.
(_See Plate 14. _) 153
II. ROUT OF THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI. 158
III. FIRST PASSAGE OF THE RHINE. (_See Plates 14 and 15. _) 160
IV. DESCRIPTION OF BRITAIN IN THE TIME OF CÆSAR. 165
V. FIRST EXPEDITION TO BRITAIN. (_See Plates 16 and 17. _) 172
VI. CHASTISEMENT OF THE MORINI AND MENAPII. 184
VII. ORDER FOR REBUILDING THE FLEET. DEPARTURE FOR ILLYRIA. 185
VIII.
POINTS OF EMBARKING AND LANDING. DATE OF THE ARRIVAL
IN BRITAIN. (_See Plate 16. _) 186
IX. RÉSUMÉ OF THE DATES OF THE CAMPAIGN OF 699. 202
CHAPTER VIII.
(Year of Rome 700. )
(BOOK V. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
MARCH AGAINST THE TREVIRI--SECOND DESCENT IN BRITAIN.
I. INSPECTION OF THE FLEET. MARCH AGAINST THE TREVIRI. 204
II. DEPARTURE FOR THE ISLE OF BRITAIN. (_See Plate 16. _) 206
III. MARCH INTO THE INTERIOR OF THE COUNTRY. (_See Plate 16. _) 208
IV. DESTRUCTION OF A PART OF THE FLEET. 210
V. CÆSAR RESUMES THE OFFENSIVE. 211
VI. MARCH TOWARDS THE THAMES. (_See Plate 16. _) 214
VII. SUBMISSION OF A PART OF BRITAIN. (_See Plate 16. _) 216
VIII. RE-EMBARKATION OF THE ARMY. 217
IX. OBSERVATIONS. (_See Plate 16. _) 219
X. PRESUMED DATES OF THE SECOND CAMPAIGN IN BRITAIN. 223
XI. DISTRIBUTION OF THE LEGIONS IN THEIR WINTER QUARTERS.
(_See Plates 14 and 18. _) 225
XII. DEFEAT OF SABINUS AT ADUATUCA. 228
XIII. ATTACK ON CICERO’S CAMP. 234
XIV. CÆSAR MARCHES TO THE SUCCOUR OF CICERO. (_See Plates 14
and 27, Fig. 8. _) 236
XV. CÆSAR PLACES HIS TROOPS IN WINTER QUARTERS. LABIENUS
DEFEATS INDUTIOMARUS. 246
XVI. OBSERVATIONS. 250
CHAPTER IX.
(Year of Rome 701. )
(BOOK VI. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE NERVII AND THE TREVIRI--SECOND PASSAGE OF
THE RHINE--WAR AGAINST AMBIORIX AND THE EBURONES.
I. CÆSAR AUGMENTS HIS ARMY. 253
II. WAR AGAINST THE NERVII. GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GAUL. 254
III. SUBMISSION OF THE MENAPII. 256
IV. SUCCESS OF LABIENUS AGAINST THE TREVIRI. 257
V. SECOND PASSAGE OF THE RHINE. 260
VI. WAR AGAINST AMBIORIX. (_See Plates 2 and 14. _) 262
VII. THE SICAMBRI ATTACK ADUATUCA. (_See Plate 18. _) 265
CHAPTER X.
(Year of Rome 702. )
(BOOK VII. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
REVOLT OF GAUL--CAPTURE OF VELLAUNODUNUM, GENABUM, AND NOVIODUNUM--SIEGES
OF AVARICUM AND GERGOVIA--CAMPAIGN OF LABIENUS
AGAINST THE PARISII--SIEGE OF ALESIA.
I. REVOLT OF GAUL. 272
II. CÆSAR BEGINS THE CAMPAIGN. (_See Plate 19. _) 275
III. TAKING OF VELLAUNODUNUM, GENABUM, AND NOVIODUNUM. (_See
Plate 19. _) 278
IV. SIEGE OF AVARICUM. (_See Plate 20. _) 287
V. ARRIVAL OF CÆSAR AT DECETIA, AND MARCH TOWARDS AUVERGNE.
(_See Plates 19 and 21. _) 299
VI. BLOCKADE OF GERGOVIA. (_See Plates 21 and 22. _) 303
VII. OBSERVATIONS. 319
VIII. CÆSAR LEAVES GERGOVIA IN ORDER TO JOIN LABIENUS. 320
IX. EXPEDITION OF LABIENUS AGAINST THE PARISII. (_See Plate 23. _) 323
X. THE GAULS ASSUME THE OFFENSIVE. 329
XI. JUNCTION OF CÆSAR AND LABIENUS. BATTLE OF THE VINGEANNE.
(_See Plates 19 and 24. _) 331
XII. BLOCKADE OF ALESIA. (_See Plates 25, 26, 27, and 28. _) 338
XIII. DETAILS OF THE EXCAVATIONS AT MONT AUXOIS. (_See Plates
25, 27, and 28. _) 358
CHAPTER XI.
(Year of Rome 703. )
(BOOK VIII. OF THE “COMMENTARIES. ”)
I. EXPEDITION AGAINST THE BITURIGES AND CARNUTES. 367
II. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE BELLOVACI. (_See Plates 29 and 30. _) 369
III. BATTLE ON THE AISNE. 377
IV. DEVASTATION OF THE COUNTRY OF THE EBURONES. 379
V. EXPEDITION AGAINST DUMNACUS. 381
VI. CAPTURE OF UXELLODUNUM. (_See Plates 31 and 32. _) 383
VII. EXCAVATIONS MADE AT PUY D’ISSOLU. (_See Plates 31 and 32. _) 390
VIII. COMPLETE SUBMISSION OF GAUL. 395
BOOK IV.
RECAPITULATION OF THE WAR IN GAUL, AND RELATION
OF EVENTS AT ROME FROM 696 TO 705.
CHAPTER I.
EVENTS OF THE YEAR 696.
I. DIFFICULTIES OF CÆSAR’S TASK. 399
II. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE HELVETII. 402
III. CAMPAIGN AGAINST ARIOVISTUS. 405
IV. SEQUEL OF THE CONSULSHIP OF L. CALPURNIUS PISO AND AULUS
GALBINIUS. 408
V. INTRIGUES OF CLODIUS. 409
VI. POMPEY CONSULTS CÆSAR ON THE RETURN OF CICERO. 410
VII. POMPEY BELIEVES HIMSELF THREATENED BY A SLAVE OF CLODIUS. 411
CHAPTER II.
EVENTS OF THE YEAR 697.
I. WAR AGAINST THE BELGÆ. 413
II. RETURN OF CICERO. 416
III. POMPEY IS CHARGED WITH THE SUPPLYING OF FOOD. 419
IV. FESTIVALS TO COMMEMORATE CÆSAR’S VICTORIES. 420
V. RIOTS AT ROME. 421
CHAPTER III.
EVENTS IN ROME DURING THE YEAR 698.
I. PRESENCE IN ROME OF PTOLEMY AULETES. 424
II. CLODIUS NAMED ÆDILE. TRIAL OF MILO. 426
III. RETURN OF CATO. 429
IV. STATE OF ANARCHY IN ROME. 430
V. THE INTERVIEW AT LUCCA. 433
VI. CONSEQUENCES OF THE INTERVIEW AT LUCCA. CONDUCT OF
CICERO. 438
VII. INTRIGUES OF POMPEY AND CRASSUS TO OBTAIN THE CONSULSHIP. 443
VIII. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE PEOPLES ON THE SHORES OF THE OCEAN. 445
CHAPTER IV.
EVENTS OF THE YEAR 699.
I. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI. 449
II. FIRST DESCENT IN ENGLAND. 451
III. CÆSAR’S HABITS WHEN IN CAMPAIGN. 452
IV. CONSULSHIP OF POMPEY AND CRASSUS. 453
V. MOTION OF TREBONIUS ON THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCES.
