He was educated
at Mazarin College, and afterwards went to
a
## p.
at Mazarin College, and afterwards went to
a
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Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
He served in the Confederate army in
the Civil War; was editor of the San Antonio
(Texas) Herald, and of Texas Siſtings from
1881. He has published (Three Dozen Good
Stories from Texas Siftings); and with J. Am.
ory Knox, "On a Mexican Mustang through
Texas, etc. (1883).
Swetchine, Anne Sophie (svech-en'). A
Russian society dame and letter-writer; born
at Moscow, 1782; died at Paris, Sept. 10, 1857.
At St. Petersburg her drawing-room was fre.
quented by scholars and men of science; after
1815 she resided in Paris. She was the friend
and correspondent of many of the Catholic
notables of France, Joseph de Maistre, Lacor-
daire, De Falloux, etc. Her Life and Works)
was published in 2 vols. ; and her Letters) in
several volumes.
Swett, Sophia Miriam. An American writer
of stories and juvenile tales ; born in Maine
in 186-, and now living at Arlington, Mass.
She has published: (The Lollipops' Vacation);
(Captain Polly); (Flying Hill Farm); (The
Mate of the Mary Ann'; 'Cap'n Thistletop';
and (The Ponkarty Branch Road.
Swift, Jonathan. A great English prose
satirist; born in Dublin, Nov. 30, 1667; died
there, Oct. 19, 1745. He wrote: (Tale of
a Tub) (1704); (Battle of the Books) (1704);
(Meditation upon a Broomstick) (1704); (Ar-
gument to Prove the Inconvenience of Abol-
ishing Christianity) (1708); Project for the
Advancement of Religion (1708); (Senti-
ments of a Church of England Man) (1708);
(Conduct of the Allies) (1711); (Advice to
the October Club) (1712); Remarks on the
Barrier Treaty) (1712); Public Spirit of the
Whigs ) (1714); (Drapier's Letters) (1724); "Gul-
liver's Travels) (1726); (A Modest Proposal
(1729), for utilizing Irish children as articles
of food; etc.
Swinburne, Algernon Charles. A cele
brated English poet; born in London, April 5,
1837. He has published: (The Queen Mother
and Rosamund (1861); (Atalanta in Calydon)
(1864); "Chastelard (186-); (Poems and Bal-
lads) (1866); (A Song of Italy) (1867); “Ode
on the Proclamation of the French Republic)
(1871); "Songs before Sunrise) (1871); Under
the Microscope) (1872); (Bothwell! (1874);
(Erechtheus) ( 1875 ); Poems and Ballads)
(1878), second series; (Songs of the Spring-
tides); (Songs of Two Nations); (Studies in
Song); (A Century of Roundels); Marino
Faliero'; 'Lochrine); “Tristram of Lyonesse);
( The Sisters'; etc. *
Swinton, John. An American journalist
and writer on social and labor questions; born
in Salton. Haddingtonshire, Scotland, Dec. 12,
1830. In 1857 he came to New York, and sub-
sequently was managing editor of the New York
Sun; and from 1883 to 1887 he published a
weekly journal, John Swinton's Paper, devoted
to labor reform. Among his publications are:
(The New Issue : the Chinese-American Ques-
tion'; A Eulogy on Henry J. Raymond”;
John Swinton's Travels); "Oration on John
Brown); and various pamphlets.
Swinton, William. An American journalist,
educator, and historical writer, brother of John;
born in Salton, Scotland, April 23, 1833; dieci
in 1892. During the Civil War he was war cor-
respondent of the New York Times; and after
1874 he devoted his time to the preparation
of educational works. His writings include:
(Rambles among Words); (Twelve Decisive
Battles of the War'; 'Campaigns of the Army
of the Potomac); Word Analysis); and
"Studies in English Literature. '
Swisshelm, Jane Grey. An American jour.
nalist, reformer, and writer; born near Pitts-
burg, Pa. , Sept. 6, 1815; died in Swissvale, Pa. ,
July 22, 1884. She was among the earliest
advocates of woman's rights; an ardent oppo-
nent of slavery, and while editing the St. Cloud
(Minn. ) Visitor, had her office and press de-
stroyed by a mob for advocating abolitionism.
She was among the first to become a nurse in
the Northern army. Besides voluminous contri.
butions to current periodicals, she published :
(Letters to Country Girls) (1853), and an au-
tobiography, “Half of a Century) (1881).
Sybel, Heinrich von (sē'bel). An eminent
German historian ; born in Düsseldorf, 1817; died
1895. The partisan tone of many of his writ-
ings involved him in controversy. He wrote:
History of the First Crusade) (1841); (The
Development of German Sovereignty) (1844);
History of the Revolutionary Period from 1789
to 1795' (1853-58), which has passed through
many editions and was later brought down to
the year 1800; (The German Nation and the
Empire) (1862); (The Foundation of the Ger.
man Empire through William I. (1889-94),
already in its fifth edition.
Sylva, Carmen (kär'man sil'va), pseudonym
of Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania. A German
poet and story-writer; born at Castle Monrepos
near Neuwied, Dec. 29, 1843. In 1869 she was
married to Charles, then Prince, now King, of
Roumania. Among her works (all in German)
are: (Roumanic Poems) (1881); (Tempests);
(Songs from the Dimbovitza Valley) (1889).
Her tragedy (M Manole' (1892) had a
*
## p. 513 (#529) ############################################
SYMMACHUS – TACITUS
513
brilliant success in the Burgh Teatre, Vienna.
In collaboration with Mite Kremnitz, she has
written some novels: Astra); From Two
Worlds); etc. The gem of the fine tragedy
(Master Manole) is the scene in which are por-
trayed a wife's longings for motherhood. *
Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius (sim'a-kus).
A Roman author and orator; born about 350
A. D. ; died about 405 A. D. Ten books of his
(Letters) are extant, and are of much historical
interest. Fragments of his speeches were dis-
covered by Cardinal Mai, and published in
1815. Symmachus was one of the last cham-
pions of paganism, and seems to have been a
pure and noble character.
Symonds, John Addington. A distinguished
English critic and historian of literature ; born
at Bristol, Oct. 5, 1840; died at Rome, April
19, 1893. He wrote: (Introduction to the Study
of Dante ) (1872); (Studies of the Greek Poets)
(1873); (Sketches in Italy and Greece) (1874);
(The Renaissance in Italy) 17 vols. , 1875-86),
his greatest work; (Sketches and Studies in
Italy (1879); (Shakespeare's Predecessors)
(1884); several volumes of verse both original
and translated ; 'Lives) of Sir Philip Sidney,
Michelangelo, Ben Jonson, Shelley, etc. *
Symons, Arthur. A British literary critic;
born in Wales, 1865; author of Days and
Nights) (1889); “Silhouettes) (1892).
Synesius (si-nē'shus). A Greek bishop,
philosopher, and poet; born in Cyrene, Africa,
about 375; died about 415. He studied phi-
losophy in Alexandria under Hypatia. Among
his works which have survived are several
essays, including one (On Dreams); and a
number of orations, among them that delivered
before the Emperor Arcadius, (On Kingship. '
His hymns have often been translated into
modern languages.
Syrus, Publilius. See Publilius Syrus.
Szalay, Laszlo (säl'i). A Hungarian his.
torian; born at Buda, April 18, 1813; died at
Salzburg, July 17, 1864. He succeeded Kossuth
as editor-in-chief of the Pesti Hirlap, in 1844.
Among his works are History of Hungary)
(6 vols. , 1850–63); (Michael Eszterházy) (2 vols. ,
1862–66); and (The Book of Statesmen,' a col-
lection of political biographies.
Sze-ma or Suma Kwang (sā'ma). One of
the most eminent statesmen and writers of
China, and as a historian second only to Sze-ma
Ts'ien; born in 1009; died 1086. He is re-
nowned as the author of "The Comprehens-
ive Mirror of History,' in 294 books, the labor
of nineteen years. It covers a period from the
beginning of the fourth century B. C. to 960
A. D.
Sze-ma or Sŭ-ma Ts'ien. Author of the first
general history of China; born at Lung-Mun,
in what is now the province of Ho-nan, about
163 B. C. He died in disgrace, about 85 B. C.
In 110 B. C. he succeeded his father, Sze-ma
T'an, as grand recorder and astronomer, and
took up the historical work begun by him. It
was finished in 91 B. C. , and was named (Shih-
ki,' or Historical Records. It covers from 2097
to 104 B. C. He is also noted for reforming the
calendar. The chronology settled on by him
still prevails in China.
Szigligeti, Eduard (sēg-le-get'ē); true name
Joseph Szatmáry. A Hungarian dramatist;
born at Nagy Varad (Grosswardein), March 18,
1814; died at Pesth, Jan. 19, 1878. He wrote
about 100 plays between 1834 and 1872. Sev-
eral of his comedies and tragedies were crowned
by the Academy. Among his best dramas
are : (The Deserter); (A Brace of Pistols);
(The Jew); (The Foundling. He wrote also:
( The Drama and its Different Forms) (1874),
(Biographies of Hungarian Actors) (1878).
T
Tabarî, Abu Djasar Mohammed ibn Djerîr
(tä-bä're). A celebrated Mohammedan theo-
logian and historian; born at Amul in Taberis-
tan, 839; died at Bagdad, 921. His two prin-
cipal writings are : (Tefsir (exegesis), by far
the most authoritative exposition of the doc-
trine of the Koran; and his Annals,' in which
he gives, on a theological basis, the history of
the world from the creation to the year 914.
Tabb, John Banister. An American edu-
cator and author; born in Maryland, 1845. He
is professor of English literature at St. Charles
College, Ellicott City, Md. He has written:
(Poems); (Lyrics); (An Octave to Mary.
Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (tas'it-us). A
great Latin historian; born about 54 A. D. He
was an intimate friend of Pliny the Younger.
The dialogue (De Oratoribus) is his earliest
work; the (Agricola,' a biography of his father-
in-law, C. Julius Agricola, is interesting to Eng-
lish speaking readers on account of the fact
that Agricola spent so much of his time in Brit-
ain; the (Germania,' or "On the Manners of
the Germans,' is of great value for its descrip-
tion of early Germany. Of his History)
only the first four and a half books are extant,
giving the history of the years 69-96 A. D. ; of
the (Annals, beginning at the death of Au-
gustus and ending at the death of Nero (14-68
A. D. ), only the first four books, part of the
fifth, the sixth, and from the middle of the elev.
enth to the middle of the sixteenth, are extant.
Many editions of his works have been published.
The latest English translation is by Church and
Brodribb (London, 1876-77). *
33
## p. 514 (#530) ############################################
514
TACONNET - TALMA
Taconnet, Toussaint Gaspard (tä-ko-nā').
A French dramatist and actor; born at Paris,
1730; died there, 1774. Among his works are :
(The Labyrinth of Love (1749); (All the
World's Friend' ( 1762); the farce-tragedy (The
Death of the Fatted Ox! (1767); "Stanzas on
the Death of Marie, Queen of France) (1768).
Taillandier, Alphonse Honoré (ti-än-dyā').
A French legist; born at Paris, 1797; died there,
1867. His principal works are: Collection
of Ancient French Laws from the Year 420
to the Revolution of 1789) (23 vols. , 1821-30);
(Reflections on the Penal Laws of France
and England? (1824).
Taillandier, René Gaspard Ernest, usually
styled Saint-René Taillandier. A French his-
torian and biographer; born at Paris, Dec. 16,
1817; died there, Feb. 24, 1879. He was ap-
pointed professor of French poetry in the Sor-
bonne, 1863. Among his works are: (Scotus
Erigena and the Scholastic Philosophy) (1843);
(Studies on the Revolution in Germany' (1853);
(The Countess of Albany) (1862); Maurice
de Saxe) (1865); (Ten Years of the History of
Germany) (1875); (King Leopold and Queen
Victoria) (1878).
Taillepied, Noël (ti-pyā'). A French his-
torical writer ; born in Normandy, 1540; died
at Angers, 1589. His principal works are :
Abridgment of the Philosophy of Aristotle)
(1583); History of the State and Common-
wealth of the Druids) (1585); (Collection of
the Antiquities and Curiosities of the City of
Rouen) (1587); (Treatise on the Apparition of
Ghosts) (1602).
Tailliar, Eugène François Joseph (ti-är').
A French juristic writer; born at Douai, 1803;
died there, July 8, 1878. Among his writings
are : “Essay on the History of the Institutions
of Northern France in the Celtic Era) (1852);
(Usages and Ancient Customs of the County
of Guysnes) (1856); “Essay on the History of
Institutions) (1859).
Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe (tān). A cele-
brated French historian and critic; born at
Vouziers (Ardennes), April 21, 1828; died at
Paris, March 5, 1893. He published : Essay
on La Fontaine's Fables) (1853); Essay on
Livy) (1854); "Journey to the Pyrenees) (1855);
(French Philosophers in the Nineteenth Cen-
tury) (1856); Essays in Criticism and His-
tory) (1857 ); Notes on England) ( 1861 );
(Contemporary English Writers) (1863); (His-
tory of English Literature) (1864); English
Idealism) (1864); (English Positivism) (1864);
(New Essays in Criticism and History) (1865);
(Philosophy of Art) (1865); Philosophy of Art
in Italy) (1866); ( Tour in Italy, Naples, Rome,
Florence, and Venice) (1866); ( Notes on Paris)
(1867); (The Ideal in Art) (1867); Philosophy
of Art in the Low Countries) (1868); Phi.
losophy of Art in Greece) (1870); (On the
Understanding) ( 1870 ); (Universal Suffrage
and the Method of Voting' (1871); 'Beginnings
of Contemporary France,' a series of works
comprising «The Old Régime) (1875), An-
archy) (1878), «The Revolutionary Govern-
ments) (1884), “The Modern Régime) (1890).
The last-named was left not quite complete;
the sixth volume was posthumously published,
after revision by Sorel, in 1894. "Last Essays
in Criticism and History) (1894) is a volume
of miscellany. *
Tait, Archibald Campbell. An English
Churchman and theological writer; born in
Edinburgh, Dec. 22, 1811; died in London,
Dec. 3, 1882. He was educated at Glasgow
and Oxford Universities; was one of the lead-
ing opponents of the Tractarians or Puseyites;
took orders in the Church of England; was
head-master of Rugby School, dean of Car-
lisle, bishop of London, and Archbishop of
Canterbury from 1868 to his death. He was
author of "The Dangers and Safeguards of
Modern Theology) (1861), and "The Word of
God and the Ground of Faith) (1863), besides
addresses and sermons. His life was published
by Davidson and Benham (2 vols. , 1891).
Talbot, Charles Remington. An American
Episcopal clergyman and juvenile-story writer;
born 1851; died 1891. His works include:
Honor Bright); Miltiades Peterkin Paul);
(Royal Louise); (Romulus and Remus); (A
Midshipman at Large); «The Impostor); (A
Romance of the Revolution. '
Talfourd, Sir Thomas Noon. An English
statesman and author; born at Doxey, near
Stafford, Jan. 26, 1795; died at Stafford, March
13, 1854. He published many speeches and
essays, some of which have been collected
under the title (Critical and Miscellaneous Es-
says) (1842). Among his other works are:
(Poems on Various Subjects) (1811); (An
Attempt to Estimate the Poetical Talent of
the Present Age) (1815); (History of Greek
Literature); “History of Greece) and History
of the Roman Republic); Memoirs and Cor.
respondence of Charles Lamb' (1837); (Final
Memorials of Charles Lamb) (1848); four tra-
gedies, the first two of which had a stage suc-
cess, -(Ion (1835), «The Athenian Captive)
(1838), "Glencoe) (1840), and (The Castilian)
(1854); (Recollections of a First Visit to the
Alps) (1842); Vacation Rambles) (1844); and
Supplement to Vacation Rambles) (1846).
Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice de
(täl-ā-ran'-per-e-gôr'), Prince of Benevento. A
celebrated French diplomat; born at Paris,
Feb. 13, 1754; died at Valençay, May 17,
1838. His Memoirs) were first published in
1891-92 (5 vols. ); his (Correspondence with
Louis XVIII. , during the Congress of Vienna,
was published in 1881; his "Diplomatic Corre-
spondence) in 1889-91 (3 vols. ); and Unpub-
lished Letters of Tallyrand to Napoleon, 1800-
1809, in 1889.
Talma, Joseph François (täl-mä'). A great
French actor and writer; born in Paris, Jan.
15, 1763; died Oct. 19, 1826.
He was educated
at Mazarin College, and afterwards went to
a
## p. 515 (#531) ############################################
TALMAGE-TASSO
515
(
London with his father, a dentist; studied in
the hospitals there, and on returning to Paris
was apprenticed to a dentist. He had been on
the stage, however, both in London and Paris,
and made his professional début Nov. 21, 1787,
at the Comédie Française. He founded, with
a few others, the theatre afterwards known as
the Théâtre de la République. He won his
fame as a tragedian, but made many improve-
ments in the naturalness of stage productions.
He wrote: (Mémoires de Le Kain, et Réflex-
ions sur cet Acteur et sur l’Art Théatral)
(1825), which was republished in 1856 under a
slightly different title. His own Mémoires)
were edited by Alexandre Dumas (1856).
Talmage, Thomas De Witt. An American
Presbyterian clergyman, lecturer, and educator;
born at Bound Brook, N. J. , Jan. 7, 1832. He
became pastor of Brooklyn Tabernacle, 1869,
and is now connected with Lincoln Memorial
Church, Washington, D. C. He is the author
of many essays, addresses, and sketches, upon
moral and religious subjects, and several vol-
umes of sermons. He has edited the Christian
at Work (New York, 1873-76); the Advance
(Chicago, 1877-78). Among his books are :
(The Almond-Tree in Blossom (1870); (Old
Wells Dug Out) (1874); "Every-Day Religion
(1875); (The Masque Torn Off) (1879); (The
Marriage Ring” (1886); “Sermons) (1891).
Tangermann, Wilhelm (täng'er-man), known
under the pseudonym (Victor Granella. ” A
German theological writer; born at Essen on
the Ruhr, July 6, 1815. He was a priest of the
Roman Catholic Church, but on the fulmination
of the Vatican decree of infallibility, he seceded
from that communion and became pastor of
a schismatical church in Cologne. He wrote:
(Truth, Beauty, and Love,' a series of philo-
sophico-æsthetic studies (1867); (From Two
Worlds : Truth and Fiction (1871); 'Philosophy
and Christianity) (1876); New Springtime,
New Life) (1889); (Flowers and Stars,' poems
(1896).
Tannahill, Robert. A Scottish poet; born
at Paisley, June 3, 1774; drowned himself near
there, May 17, 1810. He was a weaver, work-
ing at the loom all his life, and writing occas-
ionally for periodicals. In 1807 he published
( The Soldier's Return, with Other Poems and
Songs, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect,' which
rendered him famous. Several of them became
popular favorites, and have remained so. A
statue of the poet was erected in Paisley in
1883.
Tansillo, Luigi (tän-sil'lo). An Italian poet ;
born at Venosa, Italy, in 1510; died at Teano,
Dec. 1, 1568. His early poems are: (The Two
Pilgrims, a pastoral; (The Vintager) (1532),
and some amorous rhymes probably addressed
to Maria of Aragon. To his later years belong
the Balia'; the (Podere ) (1560), an idyl on
the charm of country life; and (St. Peter's
Tears,' a religious work written by way of
atonement for (The Vintager. ?
Tappan, William Bingham. An American
poet; born at Beverly, Mass. , 1794; died in
1849. He became general agent of the Amer-
ican Sunday-School Union in 1826. He was
author of several volumes of religious poetry;
also of New England, and Other Poems)
( 1819 ); Songs of Judah ) ( 1820 ); (Lyrics)
( 1822 ); Poems) (1834); (Memoir of Capt.
James Wilson) (1842); Poetry of the Heart)
(1847); Late and Early Poems) (1849).
Tappert, Wilhelm (täp'pert). A German
writer on music; born at Ober-Thomaswaldau,
in Silesia, Feb. 19, 1830. He wrote: (Music
and Musical Education' (1867); (Musical Stud-
ies) (1868); (The Wagner Lexicon) (1877), a
collection of the words and phrases of con-
tempt, disgust, etc. , employed by the critics of
Richard Wagner; Poems) (1878); Richard
Wagner, his Life and Work) (1883); (Stray
Melodies) (2d ed. 1890).
Tarbé, Prosper (tär-bā'). A French archæ-
ologist; born at Paris, 1809. He has written:
(Rheims, its Streets and Monuments (1844);
(The Church of Notre-Dame at Rheims) (1845);
(History of the Language and the Dialects of
Champagne) (2 vols. , 1852).
Tarbell, Ida M. An American writer; born
18. She is the author of Madame Roland);
(Early Life of Abraham Lincoln); etc. She
is a contributor to McClure's Magazine and
other periodicals.
Tardieu, Jules Romain (tär-dyė'). A French
story-writer; born at Rouen, 1805; died 1868.
Among his stories and sketches are: (The Art
of Being Miserable) (1856); (The Truce of
God: Recollections of a Sunday in Summer)
(1862); (Book for Children who Cannot Read
(1863).
Tarnovski, Stanislav, Count (tär-nov'ske).
A Polish historian of literature; born at Dzikov
in Galicia, Nov. 7, 1837. Among his numerous
monographs on the history of literature are :
(History of the Pre-Christian World); (The
Polish Novel in the Beginning of the 19th
Century); Decline of Polish Literature in
the 18th Century); (Shakespeare in Poland”;
(Studies in the History of Polish Literature)
(1886-92),- his greatest work, and a Polish
classic.
Tasso, Bernardo (täs'so). A Venetian poet;
born in 1493; died at Ostiglia, Sept. 4, 1569.
In 1536 he married Porzia de' Rossi of Pistoja,
and in 1554 retired to Sorrento in order to
give himself entirely to literature. There he
worked on his epic, Amadis of Gaul); besides
this he wrote (Floridante,' a narrative poem
finished by his son Torquato; and also shorter
poems called Amours, Fishing Eclogues,
and (Odes. In prose are the Discourse on
Poetry,' and numerous interesting letters.
Tasso, Torquato. An Italian poet, son of
Bernardo Tasso; born at Sorrento, Italy, March
II, 1544; died at Rome, April 25, 1595. In 1562
he published a romantic epic, Rinaldo,' in 12
.
## p. 516 (#532) ############################################
516
TASSONI — TAYLOR
cantos; and in 1573 he wrote for a court fes-
tivity his (Aminta,' a pastoral drama. In 1575
his (Jerusalem Delivered) was completed. In
1579 he was contined in a lunatic asylum, where
he remained seven years, while his great work
was read all over Europe, making his name
one of the first of the age. On his release, he
roved restlessly from place to place. In 1594
Pope Clement VIII. invited him to come to
Rome to be crowned on the Capitoline Hill;
but he died before the ceremony could take
place. Besides the poems mentioned, he wrote
(Torismondo,' a number of lyrical poems,
dialogues, and essays, and a second part of
Jerusalem Delivered) called (Jerusalem Con-
quered. ? (Complete Works, 33 vols. , Pisa,
1821-32. ) English translations of the Jerusa-
lem Delivered) were made by Edward Fairfax
(London, 1000), and by J. K. James (2 vols. ,
1865). *
Tassoni, Alessandro (täs-sõ'nē). An Ital.
ian poet and critic; born at Modena, Sept. 28,
1565; died there, April 25, 1635. His best.
known work is a fine mock-heroic poem, “The
Rape of the Bucket' (1615-22).
Taubert, Emil (tou'bert). A German poet ;
born at Berlin, Jan. 23, 1844; died there, April
10, 1895. He wrote : "The Paradise of Youth :
Poems for Young and Old) (1869); (The Clash
of Arms (1870); Juventus : New Poems? (1875);
(The Goldsmith of Bagdad); (The Cicadas )
(1880); (The Torso) (1881): also some stories,
as (The Antiquary) (1882); (Sphinx Atropos)
(1883); (The Magic Lantern (1885); “Sam-
son (1886); “Wife and Bride (1889).
Tauler, Johannes (tou'ler). A German mys-
tic and writer; born at Strasburg about 1300;
died there, June 16, 1361. He entered the order
of the Dominicans about 1318; studied theology
at their college in Cologne, and afterward in
Paris. He was banished with them from Stras-
burg, and went to Basel in 1339.
He was
reputed the greatest preacher of his time. His
sermons were collected in 1498.
Taunay, Alfredo D'Escragnolle (tū-nā'). An
author and statesman; born of French parents
in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Feb. 22, 1843. In 1865-
68 he was attached to the engineer corps of
the Brazilian army which invaded Paraguay,
and described the history of the campaigns in
(Scenes of Travel (1868), and (The Retreat
from Laguna) (1871). Besides filling many im-
portant political positions, he has written es-
says, poems, comedies, criticisms, and a series
of novels considered the best ever produced
by a Brazilian novelist ; among which is 'Inno-
cencia,' translated into French and English.
Tautpheus, Baroness von (tout'fe-ös). An
Irish novelist; born (Jemima Montgomery) in
1807; died at Munich, Nov. 12, 1893. She wrote
the popular novels (Quits); (At Odds); “The
Initials.
Tavernier, Jean Baptiste (tä-vern-yā'). A
celebrated French traveler; born at Paris, 1605;
died at Copenhagen, 1689. He traveled in
every country of Europe, in Persia, Mongolia,
India, Sumatra, Batavia, etc. , and amassed an
enormous fortune. He wrote: 'Travels in Tur.
key, Persia, and India' (1679).
Taylor, Bayard. An American poet, novel-
ist, and traveler ; born at Kennett Square, Pa. ,
Jan. 11, 1825; died at Berlin, Germany, Dec. 19,
1878. His works include: (Ximena, and Other
Poems) (1844); "Views Afoot' (1846); Rhymes
of Travel, and Other Poems) (1849); El Do-
rado; or, Adventures in the Path of Empire!
(1850); “The American Legend,' poem (1850);
(Handbook of Literature) (edited with George
Ripley : 1851); "Book of Romances, Lyrics, and
Songs) (1852); Poems and Ballads' (1854);
(A Journey to Central Africa) (1854); (A Visit
to India, China, and Japan (1855);( The Lands
of the Saracen (1855); Poems of the Orient
(1855); Poems of Home and Travel (1855);
(Northern Travel : Sweden, Norway, and Lap-
land? (1858); “Travels in Greece and Russia)
(1859); (At Home and Abroad) (1859); (At
Home and Abroad' (2d series : 1862); (The Po.
et's Journal» (1863); (Hannah Thurston, novel
(1863); John Godfrey's Fortunes,' novel (1864);
Poems (1865); “The Story of Kennett,' novel
(1866); "The Picture of St. John (1866); (Col.
orado) (1867); (Frithiof's Saga' (edited : 1867);
By-Ways of Europe) (1869); Joseph and his
Friend, novel (1870); Ballad of Abraham
Lincoln (1870); translation of Goethe's Faust)
(1870–71); (The Masque of the Gods) (1872);
(Beauty and the Beast) (1872); (Illustrated
Library of Travel, etc. (edited : 1872-74);
(Lars,' poem (1873); (School History of Ger-
many) (1874); (Egypt and Iceland) (1874);
( The Prophet: A Tragedy' (1874); "Home Pas-
torals, Ballads, and Lyrics) (1875); (The Echo
Club, and Other Literary Diversions) (1876);
Boys of Other Countries) (1876); National
Ode) (July 4, 1876); Fitz-Greene Halleck Me.
morial Address (1877); Prince Deukalion
(1878). Posthumously: Picturesque Europe
(edited : 1878-80); (Studies in German Liter-
aturel (1879); Critical Essays and Literary
Notes) (1880); Dramatic Works) (1880). *
Taylor, Benjamin Franklin. An American
poet, author, and war correspondent; born at
Lowville, N. Y. , 1819; died at Cleveland, O. ,
1887. He wrote: Pictures of Life in Camp
and Field) (1871); (The World on Wheels)
(1874); "Song of Yesterday) (1877); (Between
the Gates) (1878); "Summer Savory) (1879);
(Dulce Domum! (1884); (Theophilus Trent'
(1887).
Taylor, Sir Henry. An English poet of
celebrity ; born at Bishop-Middleham, Durham,
Oct. 18, 1800; died March 28, 1886. In 1824
he became editor of the London Magazine,
and obtained a position in the Colonial Office,
which he retained until 1872. His dramatic
works are : (Isaac Comnenus) (1827); “Philip
van Artevelde) (1834), his best ; (Edwin the
Fair) (1842); (The Virgin Widow) (1850); and
(St. Clement's Eve! (18 He published
several volumes of essays, -" The Statesman'
>
## p. 517 (#533) ############################################
TAYLOR:
517
(1836), Notes from Life) (1847), «Notes from
Books) (1849); also (The Eve of the Con-
quest, and Other Poems) (1847); and his (Au-
tobiography) (1885). In 1888 his Letters)
appeared, edited by Dowden. *
Taylor, Isaac (known as Taylor of Ongar).
An English minister and author; born in Lon-
don, in 1759; died at Ongar, Dec. II, 1829.
He was originally an engraver. Besides ser-
mons, he published many volumes, chiefly for
the young; among which are: (Advice to the
Teens); (Beginnings of British Biography);
(Beginnings of European Biography); (Bi-
ography of a Brown Loaf); (Book of Martyrs
for the Young); Bunyan Explained to a
Child); (Child's Life of Christ); (Mirabilia;
or, The Wonders of Nature and Art); (Scenes
in America, in Asia, in Europe, in Foreign
Lands. )
Taylor, Isaac. An English author, son of
Isaac Taylor of Ongar; born at Lavenham,
Suffolk, Aug. 17, 1787; died at Ongar, June 28,
1865. Besides contributing to the Eclectic
Review, he published many books, including:
Elements of Thought! (1823); History of
the Transmission of Ancient Books to Mod-
ern Times) (1827); “The Process of Historical
Proof Exemplified and Explained' (1828);
Natural History of Enthusiasm (1829);
Physical Theory of Another Life) (1836);
(Loyola and Jesuitism in its Rudiments) (1849).
In 1862 a pension of £,100 was bestowed upon
him from the civil-service fund «in public ac-
knowledgment of his eminent services to litera-
ture, especially in the departments of history
and philosophy, during more than forty years. ”
Taylor, Isaac. An English clergyman and
writer, grandson of Isaac Taylor of Ongar;
born at Stanford Rivers, May 2, 1829; a canon
of York. He has written: 'Words and Places,
an explanation of the local names in Great
Britain (1864, 3 eds. since); “The Family Pen:
Memorials Biographical and Literary of the
Taylor Family of Ongar) (1867); “The Alpha-
bet: An Account of the Origin and Develop-
ment of Letters) (1883); (The Manx Runcs)
(1886); (The Origin of the Aryans) (1890),
summing up the evidence, especially that of
philology and craniology, against the Central-
Asian theory.
Taylor, Isidore Justin Séverin, Baron
(ti'ler or tā'ler). A French dramatist and
writer of books of travel; born at Brussels,
1789; died at Paris, Sept. 8, 1879. Among his
dramatic compositions are: (The Informer);
( Ismail and Marie. ) He wrote also: Pict-
uresque Tour in Spain, Portugal, and the Coast
of Africa) (3 vols. , 1826–32); (Syria, Egypt,
Palestine, and Judea) (3 vols. , 1835-39); Pil-
grimage to Jerusalem (1841); (The Pyrenees)
(1843); and 24 vols. of Picturesque and Ro-
mantic Travels in Ancient France) (1820-63).
Taylor, Jeremy. A celebrated English theo-
logical writer; born August 1613, at Cam-
bridge; died at Lisburn, Ireland, Aug. 13, 1667.
During the civil wars he was chaplain to
Charles I. , who had the degree of D. D. con-
ferred on him for his treatise (Episcopacy As-
serted against the Acephali and Arians New
and Old. In 1658 he became bishop of Down
and Connor in Ireland, and labored earnestly
for the establishment of the Protestant Church
there. Besides his sermons, his principal works
are: (Discourse on the Liberty of Prophesy-
ing) (1647); “The Great Exemplar of Sanctity
and Holy Life (1649); (The Rule and Exer-
cise of Holy Living (1650); (The Rule and
Exercise of Holy Dying) (1651); Ductor Du-
bitantium,' a work on casuistry: *
Taylor, John. An English poet; born in
Gloucestershire, August 1580; died in London,
1654. He followed the occupation of water-
man during a part of his life, and hence was
termed the water-poet. ” His productions, of
which about 140 are known to collectors, are
interesting, as they show the manners and cus-
toms of the times. They are remarkable for the
eccentricity of their titles, as, (Taylor's Re-
venge; or, The Rimer, William Fennor, Firkt,
Ferrited, and Finely Fetched over the Coals)
(1615); (The Pennyles Pilgrimage; or, The
Moneylesse Perambulation of John Taylor,
alias the King's Majestie's Water-Poet, from
London to Edinborough on Foot) (1618).
Taylor, Philip Meadows. An English soldier
and author; born in Liverpool, Sept. 25, 1808;
died in Mentone, France, May 13, 1876. He
spent a great part of his life in India, in the
army and other government service, and mar-
ried an Indian princess. He was the author
of: (Confessions of a Thug) (1839, new ed.
1858); (Tippoo Sultaun: A Tale of the Mysore
War) (1840); Notices of Cromlechs, Cairns,
and Other Ancient Scytho-Druidical Remains
in the Principality of Sorapur) (1853); “Tara:
A Mahratta Tale) (1863); (The Student's Man.
ual of the History of India, from the Earliest
Period to the Present) (1870); and other works.
Taylor, Thomas. An English author styled
(the Platonist”; born in London, May 15,
1758; died there, Nov. I, 1835. His works com-
prise 63 vols. , of which 23 are large quartos.
Among them are treatises on arithmetic and
geometry; on the Eleusinian and Bacchic mys-
teries; an essay on the Rights of Brutes, in
ridicule of Thomas Paine's (Rights of Man);
a (History of the Restoration of the Platonic
Theology); and a volume of (Miscellanies in
Prose and Verse. ) His main labor was the
translating of great classical Greek and Latin
works. His translation of Plato was in 5 vols. ,
and was printed at the expense of the Duke
of Norfolk. Of his translation of Aristotle only
fifty complete copies were struck off; the ex-
pense being defrayed by W.
the Civil War; was editor of the San Antonio
(Texas) Herald, and of Texas Siſtings from
1881. He has published (Three Dozen Good
Stories from Texas Siftings); and with J. Am.
ory Knox, "On a Mexican Mustang through
Texas, etc. (1883).
Swetchine, Anne Sophie (svech-en'). A
Russian society dame and letter-writer; born
at Moscow, 1782; died at Paris, Sept. 10, 1857.
At St. Petersburg her drawing-room was fre.
quented by scholars and men of science; after
1815 she resided in Paris. She was the friend
and correspondent of many of the Catholic
notables of France, Joseph de Maistre, Lacor-
daire, De Falloux, etc. Her Life and Works)
was published in 2 vols. ; and her Letters) in
several volumes.
Swett, Sophia Miriam. An American writer
of stories and juvenile tales ; born in Maine
in 186-, and now living at Arlington, Mass.
She has published: (The Lollipops' Vacation);
(Captain Polly); (Flying Hill Farm); (The
Mate of the Mary Ann'; 'Cap'n Thistletop';
and (The Ponkarty Branch Road.
Swift, Jonathan. A great English prose
satirist; born in Dublin, Nov. 30, 1667; died
there, Oct. 19, 1745. He wrote: (Tale of
a Tub) (1704); (Battle of the Books) (1704);
(Meditation upon a Broomstick) (1704); (Ar-
gument to Prove the Inconvenience of Abol-
ishing Christianity) (1708); Project for the
Advancement of Religion (1708); (Senti-
ments of a Church of England Man) (1708);
(Conduct of the Allies) (1711); (Advice to
the October Club) (1712); Remarks on the
Barrier Treaty) (1712); Public Spirit of the
Whigs ) (1714); (Drapier's Letters) (1724); "Gul-
liver's Travels) (1726); (A Modest Proposal
(1729), for utilizing Irish children as articles
of food; etc.
Swinburne, Algernon Charles. A cele
brated English poet; born in London, April 5,
1837. He has published: (The Queen Mother
and Rosamund (1861); (Atalanta in Calydon)
(1864); "Chastelard (186-); (Poems and Bal-
lads) (1866); (A Song of Italy) (1867); “Ode
on the Proclamation of the French Republic)
(1871); "Songs before Sunrise) (1871); Under
the Microscope) (1872); (Bothwell! (1874);
(Erechtheus) ( 1875 ); Poems and Ballads)
(1878), second series; (Songs of the Spring-
tides); (Songs of Two Nations); (Studies in
Song); (A Century of Roundels); Marino
Faliero'; 'Lochrine); “Tristram of Lyonesse);
( The Sisters'; etc. *
Swinton, John. An American journalist
and writer on social and labor questions; born
in Salton. Haddingtonshire, Scotland, Dec. 12,
1830. In 1857 he came to New York, and sub-
sequently was managing editor of the New York
Sun; and from 1883 to 1887 he published a
weekly journal, John Swinton's Paper, devoted
to labor reform. Among his publications are:
(The New Issue : the Chinese-American Ques-
tion'; A Eulogy on Henry J. Raymond”;
John Swinton's Travels); "Oration on John
Brown); and various pamphlets.
Swinton, William. An American journalist,
educator, and historical writer, brother of John;
born in Salton, Scotland, April 23, 1833; dieci
in 1892. During the Civil War he was war cor-
respondent of the New York Times; and after
1874 he devoted his time to the preparation
of educational works. His writings include:
(Rambles among Words); (Twelve Decisive
Battles of the War'; 'Campaigns of the Army
of the Potomac); Word Analysis); and
"Studies in English Literature. '
Swisshelm, Jane Grey. An American jour.
nalist, reformer, and writer; born near Pitts-
burg, Pa. , Sept. 6, 1815; died in Swissvale, Pa. ,
July 22, 1884. She was among the earliest
advocates of woman's rights; an ardent oppo-
nent of slavery, and while editing the St. Cloud
(Minn. ) Visitor, had her office and press de-
stroyed by a mob for advocating abolitionism.
She was among the first to become a nurse in
the Northern army. Besides voluminous contri.
butions to current periodicals, she published :
(Letters to Country Girls) (1853), and an au-
tobiography, “Half of a Century) (1881).
Sybel, Heinrich von (sē'bel). An eminent
German historian ; born in Düsseldorf, 1817; died
1895. The partisan tone of many of his writ-
ings involved him in controversy. He wrote:
History of the First Crusade) (1841); (The
Development of German Sovereignty) (1844);
History of the Revolutionary Period from 1789
to 1795' (1853-58), which has passed through
many editions and was later brought down to
the year 1800; (The German Nation and the
Empire) (1862); (The Foundation of the Ger.
man Empire through William I. (1889-94),
already in its fifth edition.
Sylva, Carmen (kär'man sil'va), pseudonym
of Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania. A German
poet and story-writer; born at Castle Monrepos
near Neuwied, Dec. 29, 1843. In 1869 she was
married to Charles, then Prince, now King, of
Roumania. Among her works (all in German)
are: (Roumanic Poems) (1881); (Tempests);
(Songs from the Dimbovitza Valley) (1889).
Her tragedy (M Manole' (1892) had a
*
## p. 513 (#529) ############################################
SYMMACHUS – TACITUS
513
brilliant success in the Burgh Teatre, Vienna.
In collaboration with Mite Kremnitz, she has
written some novels: Astra); From Two
Worlds); etc. The gem of the fine tragedy
(Master Manole) is the scene in which are por-
trayed a wife's longings for motherhood. *
Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius (sim'a-kus).
A Roman author and orator; born about 350
A. D. ; died about 405 A. D. Ten books of his
(Letters) are extant, and are of much historical
interest. Fragments of his speeches were dis-
covered by Cardinal Mai, and published in
1815. Symmachus was one of the last cham-
pions of paganism, and seems to have been a
pure and noble character.
Symonds, John Addington. A distinguished
English critic and historian of literature ; born
at Bristol, Oct. 5, 1840; died at Rome, April
19, 1893. He wrote: (Introduction to the Study
of Dante ) (1872); (Studies of the Greek Poets)
(1873); (Sketches in Italy and Greece) (1874);
(The Renaissance in Italy) 17 vols. , 1875-86),
his greatest work; (Sketches and Studies in
Italy (1879); (Shakespeare's Predecessors)
(1884); several volumes of verse both original
and translated ; 'Lives) of Sir Philip Sidney,
Michelangelo, Ben Jonson, Shelley, etc. *
Symons, Arthur. A British literary critic;
born in Wales, 1865; author of Days and
Nights) (1889); “Silhouettes) (1892).
Synesius (si-nē'shus). A Greek bishop,
philosopher, and poet; born in Cyrene, Africa,
about 375; died about 415. He studied phi-
losophy in Alexandria under Hypatia. Among
his works which have survived are several
essays, including one (On Dreams); and a
number of orations, among them that delivered
before the Emperor Arcadius, (On Kingship. '
His hymns have often been translated into
modern languages.
Syrus, Publilius. See Publilius Syrus.
Szalay, Laszlo (säl'i). A Hungarian his.
torian; born at Buda, April 18, 1813; died at
Salzburg, July 17, 1864. He succeeded Kossuth
as editor-in-chief of the Pesti Hirlap, in 1844.
Among his works are History of Hungary)
(6 vols. , 1850–63); (Michael Eszterházy) (2 vols. ,
1862–66); and (The Book of Statesmen,' a col-
lection of political biographies.
Sze-ma or Suma Kwang (sā'ma). One of
the most eminent statesmen and writers of
China, and as a historian second only to Sze-ma
Ts'ien; born in 1009; died 1086. He is re-
nowned as the author of "The Comprehens-
ive Mirror of History,' in 294 books, the labor
of nineteen years. It covers a period from the
beginning of the fourth century B. C. to 960
A. D.
Sze-ma or Sŭ-ma Ts'ien. Author of the first
general history of China; born at Lung-Mun,
in what is now the province of Ho-nan, about
163 B. C. He died in disgrace, about 85 B. C.
In 110 B. C. he succeeded his father, Sze-ma
T'an, as grand recorder and astronomer, and
took up the historical work begun by him. It
was finished in 91 B. C. , and was named (Shih-
ki,' or Historical Records. It covers from 2097
to 104 B. C. He is also noted for reforming the
calendar. The chronology settled on by him
still prevails in China.
Szigligeti, Eduard (sēg-le-get'ē); true name
Joseph Szatmáry. A Hungarian dramatist;
born at Nagy Varad (Grosswardein), March 18,
1814; died at Pesth, Jan. 19, 1878. He wrote
about 100 plays between 1834 and 1872. Sev-
eral of his comedies and tragedies were crowned
by the Academy. Among his best dramas
are : (The Deserter); (A Brace of Pistols);
(The Jew); (The Foundling. He wrote also:
( The Drama and its Different Forms) (1874),
(Biographies of Hungarian Actors) (1878).
T
Tabarî, Abu Djasar Mohammed ibn Djerîr
(tä-bä're). A celebrated Mohammedan theo-
logian and historian; born at Amul in Taberis-
tan, 839; died at Bagdad, 921. His two prin-
cipal writings are : (Tefsir (exegesis), by far
the most authoritative exposition of the doc-
trine of the Koran; and his Annals,' in which
he gives, on a theological basis, the history of
the world from the creation to the year 914.
Tabb, John Banister. An American edu-
cator and author; born in Maryland, 1845. He
is professor of English literature at St. Charles
College, Ellicott City, Md. He has written:
(Poems); (Lyrics); (An Octave to Mary.
Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (tas'it-us). A
great Latin historian; born about 54 A. D. He
was an intimate friend of Pliny the Younger.
The dialogue (De Oratoribus) is his earliest
work; the (Agricola,' a biography of his father-
in-law, C. Julius Agricola, is interesting to Eng-
lish speaking readers on account of the fact
that Agricola spent so much of his time in Brit-
ain; the (Germania,' or "On the Manners of
the Germans,' is of great value for its descrip-
tion of early Germany. Of his History)
only the first four and a half books are extant,
giving the history of the years 69-96 A. D. ; of
the (Annals, beginning at the death of Au-
gustus and ending at the death of Nero (14-68
A. D. ), only the first four books, part of the
fifth, the sixth, and from the middle of the elev.
enth to the middle of the sixteenth, are extant.
Many editions of his works have been published.
The latest English translation is by Church and
Brodribb (London, 1876-77). *
33
## p. 514 (#530) ############################################
514
TACONNET - TALMA
Taconnet, Toussaint Gaspard (tä-ko-nā').
A French dramatist and actor; born at Paris,
1730; died there, 1774. Among his works are :
(The Labyrinth of Love (1749); (All the
World's Friend' ( 1762); the farce-tragedy (The
Death of the Fatted Ox! (1767); "Stanzas on
the Death of Marie, Queen of France) (1768).
Taillandier, Alphonse Honoré (ti-än-dyā').
A French legist; born at Paris, 1797; died there,
1867. His principal works are: Collection
of Ancient French Laws from the Year 420
to the Revolution of 1789) (23 vols. , 1821-30);
(Reflections on the Penal Laws of France
and England? (1824).
Taillandier, René Gaspard Ernest, usually
styled Saint-René Taillandier. A French his-
torian and biographer; born at Paris, Dec. 16,
1817; died there, Feb. 24, 1879. He was ap-
pointed professor of French poetry in the Sor-
bonne, 1863. Among his works are: (Scotus
Erigena and the Scholastic Philosophy) (1843);
(Studies on the Revolution in Germany' (1853);
(The Countess of Albany) (1862); Maurice
de Saxe) (1865); (Ten Years of the History of
Germany) (1875); (King Leopold and Queen
Victoria) (1878).
Taillepied, Noël (ti-pyā'). A French his-
torical writer ; born in Normandy, 1540; died
at Angers, 1589. His principal works are :
Abridgment of the Philosophy of Aristotle)
(1583); History of the State and Common-
wealth of the Druids) (1585); (Collection of
the Antiquities and Curiosities of the City of
Rouen) (1587); (Treatise on the Apparition of
Ghosts) (1602).
Tailliar, Eugène François Joseph (ti-är').
A French juristic writer; born at Douai, 1803;
died there, July 8, 1878. Among his writings
are : “Essay on the History of the Institutions
of Northern France in the Celtic Era) (1852);
(Usages and Ancient Customs of the County
of Guysnes) (1856); “Essay on the History of
Institutions) (1859).
Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe (tān). A cele-
brated French historian and critic; born at
Vouziers (Ardennes), April 21, 1828; died at
Paris, March 5, 1893. He published : Essay
on La Fontaine's Fables) (1853); Essay on
Livy) (1854); "Journey to the Pyrenees) (1855);
(French Philosophers in the Nineteenth Cen-
tury) (1856); Essays in Criticism and His-
tory) (1857 ); Notes on England) ( 1861 );
(Contemporary English Writers) (1863); (His-
tory of English Literature) (1864); English
Idealism) (1864); (English Positivism) (1864);
(New Essays in Criticism and History) (1865);
(Philosophy of Art) (1865); Philosophy of Art
in Italy) (1866); ( Tour in Italy, Naples, Rome,
Florence, and Venice) (1866); ( Notes on Paris)
(1867); (The Ideal in Art) (1867); Philosophy
of Art in the Low Countries) (1868); Phi.
losophy of Art in Greece) (1870); (On the
Understanding) ( 1870 ); (Universal Suffrage
and the Method of Voting' (1871); 'Beginnings
of Contemporary France,' a series of works
comprising «The Old Régime) (1875), An-
archy) (1878), «The Revolutionary Govern-
ments) (1884), “The Modern Régime) (1890).
The last-named was left not quite complete;
the sixth volume was posthumously published,
after revision by Sorel, in 1894. "Last Essays
in Criticism and History) (1894) is a volume
of miscellany. *
Tait, Archibald Campbell. An English
Churchman and theological writer; born in
Edinburgh, Dec. 22, 1811; died in London,
Dec. 3, 1882. He was educated at Glasgow
and Oxford Universities; was one of the lead-
ing opponents of the Tractarians or Puseyites;
took orders in the Church of England; was
head-master of Rugby School, dean of Car-
lisle, bishop of London, and Archbishop of
Canterbury from 1868 to his death. He was
author of "The Dangers and Safeguards of
Modern Theology) (1861), and "The Word of
God and the Ground of Faith) (1863), besides
addresses and sermons. His life was published
by Davidson and Benham (2 vols. , 1891).
Talbot, Charles Remington. An American
Episcopal clergyman and juvenile-story writer;
born 1851; died 1891. His works include:
Honor Bright); Miltiades Peterkin Paul);
(Royal Louise); (Romulus and Remus); (A
Midshipman at Large); «The Impostor); (A
Romance of the Revolution. '
Talfourd, Sir Thomas Noon. An English
statesman and author; born at Doxey, near
Stafford, Jan. 26, 1795; died at Stafford, March
13, 1854. He published many speeches and
essays, some of which have been collected
under the title (Critical and Miscellaneous Es-
says) (1842). Among his other works are:
(Poems on Various Subjects) (1811); (An
Attempt to Estimate the Poetical Talent of
the Present Age) (1815); (History of Greek
Literature); “History of Greece) and History
of the Roman Republic); Memoirs and Cor.
respondence of Charles Lamb' (1837); (Final
Memorials of Charles Lamb) (1848); four tra-
gedies, the first two of which had a stage suc-
cess, -(Ion (1835), «The Athenian Captive)
(1838), "Glencoe) (1840), and (The Castilian)
(1854); (Recollections of a First Visit to the
Alps) (1842); Vacation Rambles) (1844); and
Supplement to Vacation Rambles) (1846).
Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice de
(täl-ā-ran'-per-e-gôr'), Prince of Benevento. A
celebrated French diplomat; born at Paris,
Feb. 13, 1754; died at Valençay, May 17,
1838. His Memoirs) were first published in
1891-92 (5 vols. ); his (Correspondence with
Louis XVIII. , during the Congress of Vienna,
was published in 1881; his "Diplomatic Corre-
spondence) in 1889-91 (3 vols. ); and Unpub-
lished Letters of Tallyrand to Napoleon, 1800-
1809, in 1889.
Talma, Joseph François (täl-mä'). A great
French actor and writer; born in Paris, Jan.
15, 1763; died Oct. 19, 1826.
He was educated
at Mazarin College, and afterwards went to
a
## p. 515 (#531) ############################################
TALMAGE-TASSO
515
(
London with his father, a dentist; studied in
the hospitals there, and on returning to Paris
was apprenticed to a dentist. He had been on
the stage, however, both in London and Paris,
and made his professional début Nov. 21, 1787,
at the Comédie Française. He founded, with
a few others, the theatre afterwards known as
the Théâtre de la République. He won his
fame as a tragedian, but made many improve-
ments in the naturalness of stage productions.
He wrote: (Mémoires de Le Kain, et Réflex-
ions sur cet Acteur et sur l’Art Théatral)
(1825), which was republished in 1856 under a
slightly different title. His own Mémoires)
were edited by Alexandre Dumas (1856).
Talmage, Thomas De Witt. An American
Presbyterian clergyman, lecturer, and educator;
born at Bound Brook, N. J. , Jan. 7, 1832. He
became pastor of Brooklyn Tabernacle, 1869,
and is now connected with Lincoln Memorial
Church, Washington, D. C. He is the author
of many essays, addresses, and sketches, upon
moral and religious subjects, and several vol-
umes of sermons. He has edited the Christian
at Work (New York, 1873-76); the Advance
(Chicago, 1877-78). Among his books are :
(The Almond-Tree in Blossom (1870); (Old
Wells Dug Out) (1874); "Every-Day Religion
(1875); (The Masque Torn Off) (1879); (The
Marriage Ring” (1886); “Sermons) (1891).
Tangermann, Wilhelm (täng'er-man), known
under the pseudonym (Victor Granella. ” A
German theological writer; born at Essen on
the Ruhr, July 6, 1815. He was a priest of the
Roman Catholic Church, but on the fulmination
of the Vatican decree of infallibility, he seceded
from that communion and became pastor of
a schismatical church in Cologne. He wrote:
(Truth, Beauty, and Love,' a series of philo-
sophico-æsthetic studies (1867); (From Two
Worlds : Truth and Fiction (1871); 'Philosophy
and Christianity) (1876); New Springtime,
New Life) (1889); (Flowers and Stars,' poems
(1896).
Tannahill, Robert. A Scottish poet; born
at Paisley, June 3, 1774; drowned himself near
there, May 17, 1810. He was a weaver, work-
ing at the loom all his life, and writing occas-
ionally for periodicals. In 1807 he published
( The Soldier's Return, with Other Poems and
Songs, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect,' which
rendered him famous. Several of them became
popular favorites, and have remained so. A
statue of the poet was erected in Paisley in
1883.
Tansillo, Luigi (tän-sil'lo). An Italian poet ;
born at Venosa, Italy, in 1510; died at Teano,
Dec. 1, 1568. His early poems are: (The Two
Pilgrims, a pastoral; (The Vintager) (1532),
and some amorous rhymes probably addressed
to Maria of Aragon. To his later years belong
the Balia'; the (Podere ) (1560), an idyl on
the charm of country life; and (St. Peter's
Tears,' a religious work written by way of
atonement for (The Vintager. ?
Tappan, William Bingham. An American
poet; born at Beverly, Mass. , 1794; died in
1849. He became general agent of the Amer-
ican Sunday-School Union in 1826. He was
author of several volumes of religious poetry;
also of New England, and Other Poems)
( 1819 ); Songs of Judah ) ( 1820 ); (Lyrics)
( 1822 ); Poems) (1834); (Memoir of Capt.
James Wilson) (1842); Poetry of the Heart)
(1847); Late and Early Poems) (1849).
Tappert, Wilhelm (täp'pert). A German
writer on music; born at Ober-Thomaswaldau,
in Silesia, Feb. 19, 1830. He wrote: (Music
and Musical Education' (1867); (Musical Stud-
ies) (1868); (The Wagner Lexicon) (1877), a
collection of the words and phrases of con-
tempt, disgust, etc. , employed by the critics of
Richard Wagner; Poems) (1878); Richard
Wagner, his Life and Work) (1883); (Stray
Melodies) (2d ed. 1890).
Tarbé, Prosper (tär-bā'). A French archæ-
ologist; born at Paris, 1809. He has written:
(Rheims, its Streets and Monuments (1844);
(The Church of Notre-Dame at Rheims) (1845);
(History of the Language and the Dialects of
Champagne) (2 vols. , 1852).
Tarbell, Ida M. An American writer; born
18. She is the author of Madame Roland);
(Early Life of Abraham Lincoln); etc. She
is a contributor to McClure's Magazine and
other periodicals.
Tardieu, Jules Romain (tär-dyė'). A French
story-writer; born at Rouen, 1805; died 1868.
Among his stories and sketches are: (The Art
of Being Miserable) (1856); (The Truce of
God: Recollections of a Sunday in Summer)
(1862); (Book for Children who Cannot Read
(1863).
Tarnovski, Stanislav, Count (tär-nov'ske).
A Polish historian of literature; born at Dzikov
in Galicia, Nov. 7, 1837. Among his numerous
monographs on the history of literature are :
(History of the Pre-Christian World); (The
Polish Novel in the Beginning of the 19th
Century); Decline of Polish Literature in
the 18th Century); (Shakespeare in Poland”;
(Studies in the History of Polish Literature)
(1886-92),- his greatest work, and a Polish
classic.
Tasso, Bernardo (täs'so). A Venetian poet;
born in 1493; died at Ostiglia, Sept. 4, 1569.
In 1536 he married Porzia de' Rossi of Pistoja,
and in 1554 retired to Sorrento in order to
give himself entirely to literature. There he
worked on his epic, Amadis of Gaul); besides
this he wrote (Floridante,' a narrative poem
finished by his son Torquato; and also shorter
poems called Amours, Fishing Eclogues,
and (Odes. In prose are the Discourse on
Poetry,' and numerous interesting letters.
Tasso, Torquato. An Italian poet, son of
Bernardo Tasso; born at Sorrento, Italy, March
II, 1544; died at Rome, April 25, 1595. In 1562
he published a romantic epic, Rinaldo,' in 12
.
## p. 516 (#532) ############################################
516
TASSONI — TAYLOR
cantos; and in 1573 he wrote for a court fes-
tivity his (Aminta,' a pastoral drama. In 1575
his (Jerusalem Delivered) was completed. In
1579 he was contined in a lunatic asylum, where
he remained seven years, while his great work
was read all over Europe, making his name
one of the first of the age. On his release, he
roved restlessly from place to place. In 1594
Pope Clement VIII. invited him to come to
Rome to be crowned on the Capitoline Hill;
but he died before the ceremony could take
place. Besides the poems mentioned, he wrote
(Torismondo,' a number of lyrical poems,
dialogues, and essays, and a second part of
Jerusalem Delivered) called (Jerusalem Con-
quered. ? (Complete Works, 33 vols. , Pisa,
1821-32. ) English translations of the Jerusa-
lem Delivered) were made by Edward Fairfax
(London, 1000), and by J. K. James (2 vols. ,
1865). *
Tassoni, Alessandro (täs-sõ'nē). An Ital.
ian poet and critic; born at Modena, Sept. 28,
1565; died there, April 25, 1635. His best.
known work is a fine mock-heroic poem, “The
Rape of the Bucket' (1615-22).
Taubert, Emil (tou'bert). A German poet ;
born at Berlin, Jan. 23, 1844; died there, April
10, 1895. He wrote : "The Paradise of Youth :
Poems for Young and Old) (1869); (The Clash
of Arms (1870); Juventus : New Poems? (1875);
(The Goldsmith of Bagdad); (The Cicadas )
(1880); (The Torso) (1881): also some stories,
as (The Antiquary) (1882); (Sphinx Atropos)
(1883); (The Magic Lantern (1885); “Sam-
son (1886); “Wife and Bride (1889).
Tauler, Johannes (tou'ler). A German mys-
tic and writer; born at Strasburg about 1300;
died there, June 16, 1361. He entered the order
of the Dominicans about 1318; studied theology
at their college in Cologne, and afterward in
Paris. He was banished with them from Stras-
burg, and went to Basel in 1339.
He was
reputed the greatest preacher of his time. His
sermons were collected in 1498.
Taunay, Alfredo D'Escragnolle (tū-nā'). An
author and statesman; born of French parents
in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Feb. 22, 1843. In 1865-
68 he was attached to the engineer corps of
the Brazilian army which invaded Paraguay,
and described the history of the campaigns in
(Scenes of Travel (1868), and (The Retreat
from Laguna) (1871). Besides filling many im-
portant political positions, he has written es-
says, poems, comedies, criticisms, and a series
of novels considered the best ever produced
by a Brazilian novelist ; among which is 'Inno-
cencia,' translated into French and English.
Tautpheus, Baroness von (tout'fe-ös). An
Irish novelist; born (Jemima Montgomery) in
1807; died at Munich, Nov. 12, 1893. She wrote
the popular novels (Quits); (At Odds); “The
Initials.
Tavernier, Jean Baptiste (tä-vern-yā'). A
celebrated French traveler; born at Paris, 1605;
died at Copenhagen, 1689. He traveled in
every country of Europe, in Persia, Mongolia,
India, Sumatra, Batavia, etc. , and amassed an
enormous fortune. He wrote: 'Travels in Tur.
key, Persia, and India' (1679).
Taylor, Bayard. An American poet, novel-
ist, and traveler ; born at Kennett Square, Pa. ,
Jan. 11, 1825; died at Berlin, Germany, Dec. 19,
1878. His works include: (Ximena, and Other
Poems) (1844); "Views Afoot' (1846); Rhymes
of Travel, and Other Poems) (1849); El Do-
rado; or, Adventures in the Path of Empire!
(1850); “The American Legend,' poem (1850);
(Handbook of Literature) (edited with George
Ripley : 1851); "Book of Romances, Lyrics, and
Songs) (1852); Poems and Ballads' (1854);
(A Journey to Central Africa) (1854); (A Visit
to India, China, and Japan (1855);( The Lands
of the Saracen (1855); Poems of the Orient
(1855); Poems of Home and Travel (1855);
(Northern Travel : Sweden, Norway, and Lap-
land? (1858); “Travels in Greece and Russia)
(1859); (At Home and Abroad) (1859); (At
Home and Abroad' (2d series : 1862); (The Po.
et's Journal» (1863); (Hannah Thurston, novel
(1863); John Godfrey's Fortunes,' novel (1864);
Poems (1865); “The Story of Kennett,' novel
(1866); "The Picture of St. John (1866); (Col.
orado) (1867); (Frithiof's Saga' (edited : 1867);
By-Ways of Europe) (1869); Joseph and his
Friend, novel (1870); Ballad of Abraham
Lincoln (1870); translation of Goethe's Faust)
(1870–71); (The Masque of the Gods) (1872);
(Beauty and the Beast) (1872); (Illustrated
Library of Travel, etc. (edited : 1872-74);
(Lars,' poem (1873); (School History of Ger-
many) (1874); (Egypt and Iceland) (1874);
( The Prophet: A Tragedy' (1874); "Home Pas-
torals, Ballads, and Lyrics) (1875); (The Echo
Club, and Other Literary Diversions) (1876);
Boys of Other Countries) (1876); National
Ode) (July 4, 1876); Fitz-Greene Halleck Me.
morial Address (1877); Prince Deukalion
(1878). Posthumously: Picturesque Europe
(edited : 1878-80); (Studies in German Liter-
aturel (1879); Critical Essays and Literary
Notes) (1880); Dramatic Works) (1880). *
Taylor, Benjamin Franklin. An American
poet, author, and war correspondent; born at
Lowville, N. Y. , 1819; died at Cleveland, O. ,
1887. He wrote: Pictures of Life in Camp
and Field) (1871); (The World on Wheels)
(1874); "Song of Yesterday) (1877); (Between
the Gates) (1878); "Summer Savory) (1879);
(Dulce Domum! (1884); (Theophilus Trent'
(1887).
Taylor, Sir Henry. An English poet of
celebrity ; born at Bishop-Middleham, Durham,
Oct. 18, 1800; died March 28, 1886. In 1824
he became editor of the London Magazine,
and obtained a position in the Colonial Office,
which he retained until 1872. His dramatic
works are : (Isaac Comnenus) (1827); “Philip
van Artevelde) (1834), his best ; (Edwin the
Fair) (1842); (The Virgin Widow) (1850); and
(St. Clement's Eve! (18 He published
several volumes of essays, -" The Statesman'
>
## p. 517 (#533) ############################################
TAYLOR:
517
(1836), Notes from Life) (1847), «Notes from
Books) (1849); also (The Eve of the Con-
quest, and Other Poems) (1847); and his (Au-
tobiography) (1885). In 1888 his Letters)
appeared, edited by Dowden. *
Taylor, Isaac (known as Taylor of Ongar).
An English minister and author; born in Lon-
don, in 1759; died at Ongar, Dec. II, 1829.
He was originally an engraver. Besides ser-
mons, he published many volumes, chiefly for
the young; among which are: (Advice to the
Teens); (Beginnings of British Biography);
(Beginnings of European Biography); (Bi-
ography of a Brown Loaf); (Book of Martyrs
for the Young); Bunyan Explained to a
Child); (Child's Life of Christ); (Mirabilia;
or, The Wonders of Nature and Art); (Scenes
in America, in Asia, in Europe, in Foreign
Lands. )
Taylor, Isaac. An English author, son of
Isaac Taylor of Ongar; born at Lavenham,
Suffolk, Aug. 17, 1787; died at Ongar, June 28,
1865. Besides contributing to the Eclectic
Review, he published many books, including:
Elements of Thought! (1823); History of
the Transmission of Ancient Books to Mod-
ern Times) (1827); “The Process of Historical
Proof Exemplified and Explained' (1828);
Natural History of Enthusiasm (1829);
Physical Theory of Another Life) (1836);
(Loyola and Jesuitism in its Rudiments) (1849).
In 1862 a pension of £,100 was bestowed upon
him from the civil-service fund «in public ac-
knowledgment of his eminent services to litera-
ture, especially in the departments of history
and philosophy, during more than forty years. ”
Taylor, Isaac. An English clergyman and
writer, grandson of Isaac Taylor of Ongar;
born at Stanford Rivers, May 2, 1829; a canon
of York. He has written: 'Words and Places,
an explanation of the local names in Great
Britain (1864, 3 eds. since); “The Family Pen:
Memorials Biographical and Literary of the
Taylor Family of Ongar) (1867); “The Alpha-
bet: An Account of the Origin and Develop-
ment of Letters) (1883); (The Manx Runcs)
(1886); (The Origin of the Aryans) (1890),
summing up the evidence, especially that of
philology and craniology, against the Central-
Asian theory.
Taylor, Isidore Justin Séverin, Baron
(ti'ler or tā'ler). A French dramatist and
writer of books of travel; born at Brussels,
1789; died at Paris, Sept. 8, 1879. Among his
dramatic compositions are: (The Informer);
( Ismail and Marie. ) He wrote also: Pict-
uresque Tour in Spain, Portugal, and the Coast
of Africa) (3 vols. , 1826–32); (Syria, Egypt,
Palestine, and Judea) (3 vols. , 1835-39); Pil-
grimage to Jerusalem (1841); (The Pyrenees)
(1843); and 24 vols. of Picturesque and Ro-
mantic Travels in Ancient France) (1820-63).
Taylor, Jeremy. A celebrated English theo-
logical writer; born August 1613, at Cam-
bridge; died at Lisburn, Ireland, Aug. 13, 1667.
During the civil wars he was chaplain to
Charles I. , who had the degree of D. D. con-
ferred on him for his treatise (Episcopacy As-
serted against the Acephali and Arians New
and Old. In 1658 he became bishop of Down
and Connor in Ireland, and labored earnestly
for the establishment of the Protestant Church
there. Besides his sermons, his principal works
are: (Discourse on the Liberty of Prophesy-
ing) (1647); “The Great Exemplar of Sanctity
and Holy Life (1649); (The Rule and Exer-
cise of Holy Living (1650); (The Rule and
Exercise of Holy Dying) (1651); Ductor Du-
bitantium,' a work on casuistry: *
Taylor, John. An English poet; born in
Gloucestershire, August 1580; died in London,
1654. He followed the occupation of water-
man during a part of his life, and hence was
termed the water-poet. ” His productions, of
which about 140 are known to collectors, are
interesting, as they show the manners and cus-
toms of the times. They are remarkable for the
eccentricity of their titles, as, (Taylor's Re-
venge; or, The Rimer, William Fennor, Firkt,
Ferrited, and Finely Fetched over the Coals)
(1615); (The Pennyles Pilgrimage; or, The
Moneylesse Perambulation of John Taylor,
alias the King's Majestie's Water-Poet, from
London to Edinborough on Foot) (1618).
Taylor, Philip Meadows. An English soldier
and author; born in Liverpool, Sept. 25, 1808;
died in Mentone, France, May 13, 1876. He
spent a great part of his life in India, in the
army and other government service, and mar-
ried an Indian princess. He was the author
of: (Confessions of a Thug) (1839, new ed.
1858); (Tippoo Sultaun: A Tale of the Mysore
War) (1840); Notices of Cromlechs, Cairns,
and Other Ancient Scytho-Druidical Remains
in the Principality of Sorapur) (1853); “Tara:
A Mahratta Tale) (1863); (The Student's Man.
ual of the History of India, from the Earliest
Period to the Present) (1870); and other works.
Taylor, Thomas. An English author styled
(the Platonist”; born in London, May 15,
1758; died there, Nov. I, 1835. His works com-
prise 63 vols. , of which 23 are large quartos.
Among them are treatises on arithmetic and
geometry; on the Eleusinian and Bacchic mys-
teries; an essay on the Rights of Brutes, in
ridicule of Thomas Paine's (Rights of Man);
a (History of the Restoration of the Platonic
Theology); and a volume of (Miscellanies in
Prose and Verse. ) His main labor was the
translating of great classical Greek and Latin
works. His translation of Plato was in 5 vols. ,
and was printed at the expense of the Duke
of Norfolk. Of his translation of Aristotle only
fifty complete copies were struck off; the ex-
pense being defrayed by W.
