274, creased by a visit he paid to the Macedonian
we find Ptolemy actively co-operating with him, court during the minority of Ptolemy Epiphanes.
we find Ptolemy actively co-operating with him, court during the minority of Ptolemy Epiphanes.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
C.
315, when Antigonus
fable. Another story about Pteras was that the was preparing to make head against the formidable
Apterazi in Crete took their name from him. (Pans. coalition organized against him, he placed Ptolemy
2. 5. § 5, 8, 9, 10. )
[P. S. )
at the head of the army which was destined to
PTOLEMAEUS (Itoneuaios), the name of carry on operations in Asia Minor against the
two mythical personages, one a son of Peiraeas, generals of Cassander. This object the young
who accompanied Agamemnon as charioteer to general successfully carried out-relieved Amisus,
Troy (Hom. Il. iv. 228), and the other a son of which wns besieged by Asclepiodorus, and re
Damasichthon, king of Thebes. (Paus. ix. 5. covered the whole satrapy of Cappadocia ; after
§ 8. )
(L. S. )
which he advanced into Bithynia, of which he
PTOLEMAEUS (fitoneuaios), minor historical compelled the king Zipnetes to join his alliance,
persons. (Several persons of this name, which ap- and then occupied lonia, from whence Seleucus
pears to have been one in its origin exclusively withdrew on his approach. (Diod. xix. 57, 60. )
Macedonian, occur among the officers and generals He next threatened Carin, which was however for
of Alexander the Great, whom it is not always easy a time defended by Myrmidon, the Egyptian
to distinguish from one another. )
general ; but the following year Ptolemy was able
1. Son of Lagus. (PTOLEMAEUS I. king of to strike a decisive blow in that quarter against
EGYPT. ]
Eupolemus, the general of Cassander, whom be
2. Son of Philip, an officer who commanded surprised and totally defeated. (Id. ib. 62, 68. )
the leading squadron of Macedonian cavalry at the The next summer (B. C. 313) the arrival of Anti-
passage of the Granicus. (Arr. Anab. i. 14. ) It is gonus himself gave a decided preponderance to
supposed by Gronovius (ad Arr. l. c. ) and by his arms in Asia Minor, and Ptolemy, after ren-
Droysen, that he is the same who was afterwards dering active assistance in the sieges of Caunus
left by Alexander with a force of 3000 foot and and Iasus, was sent with a considerable army to
200 horse to defend the province of Caria, and Greece to carry ou the war there against Cas-
who subsequently, together with Asander the go- sander. His successes were at first rapid: he
vernor of Lydia, defeated the Persian general drove out the garrisons of his adversary from Chalcis
Orontobates, B. C. 332. (Arr. ib. i. 23, ii. 5. ) and Oropus, invaded Attica, where he compelled
3. One of the select officers called Somatophylaces, Demetrius of Phalerus to make overtures of sub-
or guards of the king's person, who was killed at mission, and then carried his arms triumphantly
the siege of Halicarnassus, B. C. 334. (Arr. Anab. through Boeotia, Phocis, and Locris. Wherever
i. 22. ) Freinsheim, in his supplement to Curtius he went he expelled the Macedonian garrisons,
(ii. 10. § 13), has assumed this to be the son of and proclaimed the liberty and independence of
Philip, but it is more probable, as already pointed the several cities. After this he directed his
out, that the latter was the governor of Caria. march to the Peloponnese, where the authority of
4. Son of Seleucus, another of the Somato- Antigonus had been endangered by the recent
phylaces, who combined with that distinguished defection of his general Telesphorus. (Id. ib. 75,
post the command of one of the divisions of the 77, 78, 87. ) Here he appears to have remained
phalanx. He was lately married when he accom- till the peace of 311 suspended hostilities in that
panied Alexander on his expedition to Asia, B. C. quarter. But he considered that his services had
334, on which account he was selected by the not met with their due reward from Antigonus ;
king to command the body of Macedonians, who and when, therefore, in B. C. 310 the kings of
were allowed to return home for the winter at the Macedonia and Egypt were preparing to renew
end of the first campaign. In the following spring the war, Ptolemy suddenly abandoned the cause of
he rejoined Alexander at Gordium, with the troops bis uncle and concluded a treaty with Cassander
under his command, accompanied by fresh rein- and the son of Lagus. Probably his object was
forcements. At the battle of Issus (B. C. 332) his to establish himself in the chief command in the
division of the phalanx was one of those opposed Peloponnese : but the reconciliation of Polysperchon
to the Greek mercenaries under Dareius, and upon with Cassander must have frustrated this object :
which the real brunt of the action consequently and on the arrival of the Egyptian king with a
devolved ; and he himself fell in the conflict, after fleet at Cos, Ptolemy repaired from Chalcis to join
displaying the utmost valour. (Arr. Anab. i. 24, him. He was received at first with the utmost
29, i. 8, 10 ; Curt. iii. 9. § 7. )
favour, but soon gave offence to his new patron by
6. An officer who commanded a force of Thracian his intrigues and ambitious demonstrations, and
mercenaries, with which he joined Alexander in was in consequence thrown into prison and com-
Bactria, B. C. 329. (Arr. Anab. iv. 7; Curt. vii. 10. pelled to put an end to his life by poison, B. C.
§ 11. )
309. (Id. xx. 19, 27. ). Schlosser has represented
6. Son of Ptolemy, an officer appointed by this general as an enthusiast in the cause of the
Antipater in B. C. 321, to be one of the Somato- liberty of Greece, but there seems no reason to
phylaces of the titular king, Philip Arrhidaeus. suppose that his professions to that effect were
(Arr. ap. Phot. p. 72, a. ) Nothing more is known more earnest or sincere than those of his contem-
of him, but Droysen conjectures that he was a son poraries.
of No. 4. (Hellenism. vol. i. p. 151. )
8. Son of Lysimachus, king of Thrace. He was
7. Nephew of Antigonus, the general of Alex. the eldest of the three sons of that monarch by his
ander, who afterwards became king of Asia. His last wife Arsinoë, and the only one who escaped fall-
Dame is first mentioned as present with his uncle ing into the hands of Ptolemy Ceraunus. Having in
at the siege of Nora in B. c. 320, when he was vain urged his mother not to trust to the friendly
given up to Eumenes as a hostage for the safety of professions of the usurper, he himself appears to
the latter during a conference with Antigonus. have made his escape and taken refuge with
(Plut. Eum. 10. ) At a later period we find him Monunius, king of the Dardanians, whom he per-
003
## p. 566 (#582) ############################################
866
PTOLEMAEUS.
PTOLEMAEUS.
1
suaded to take up arms in his cause, but we know | consequence put to death by Philip, B. C. 218.
nothing of the events of the war. (Justin. xxiv. (Polyb. v. 25, 26, 29. )
2; Trog. Pomp. Prol. xxiv. ) It is probable, how- 15. Son of Thraseas, a leader of Greek merce-
ever, that the Ptolemy who is mentioned as naries in the service of Ptolemy Philopator, who
establishing, or asserting, a transient claim to the was appointed, together with Andromachus, to
throne of Macedonia, during the period of Anarchy command the phalanx in the war against Antiochus,
which followed the death of Ptolemy Ceraunus B. C. 217. (Polyb. v. 65. )
(B. C. 280—277), is no other than the one in ques- 16. Son of Aëropus, an officer in the service of
tion. (Porphyr. ap. Euscb. Arm. p. 157; Dexippus, Antiochus the Great at the battle of Panium, B. C.
ap. Syncell. p. 267. )
198. (Id. xvi. 18. )
9. Son of Pyrrhus, king of Epeirus, by his wife 17. Son of Eumenes, an officer in the service
Antigone, the step-daughter of Ptolemy Lagi. of Ptolemy Epiphanes king of Egypt, who was
When only fifteen years of age he was left by his charged with the duty of arresting Scopas, and
father in charge of his hereditary dominions, when bringing him to trial. (Scopas. ) (Polyb. xviii. 36. )
Pyrrhus himself set out on his expedition to Italy, 18. Son of Sosibius, the minister of Ptolemy
B. c. 280. (Justin. xviii. 1. ) of his proceedings Philopator. He was naturally of a haughty and
during his father's absence we know nothing: but ambitious character, and these qualities were in-
immediately after the return of Pyrrhus, B. C.
274, creased by a visit he paid to the Macedonian
we find Ptolemy actively co-operating with him, court during the minority of Ptolemy Epiphanes.
reducing Corcyra with a small force: and after the Hence, on his return to Egypt, he made common
defeat of Antigonus Gonatas, repulsing him in an cause with his brother Sosibius, and took a pro-
attempt to recover his lost kingdom, and inflicting minent part against Tlepolemus who held the chief
on him a second defeat. He afterwards accom- direction of affairs. Their intrigues were however
panied Pyrrhus on his expedition to the Pelopon- defeated, and the party of Tlepolemus prevailed.
nese, B. C. 272, and took a prominent part in the (Polyb. xvi. 22. )
attack on Sparta, but in the march from thence 19. Surnamed Macron, an Egyptian officer,
towards Argos, Areus having occupied the moun- who was appointed to the government of Cyprus
tain passes, a severe combat ensued, in which during the minority of Ptolemy Philometor; an
Ptolemy, who commanded the advanced guard of office which he discharged with zeal and ability.
his father's army, was slain. Young as he was, By prudent economy in the administration of the
he had given the most striking proofs of daring island, he amassed a large sum of money which he
courage and personal prowess, and, had his life sent to Philometor, on his attaining his majority,
been spared, would probably have rivalled the and thus secured the favour of the young king
renown of his father. (Justin. xxv. 3, 4; Plut. (Polyb. xxvii. 12, and Vales. ad loc. ). What led
Pyrrh. 28, 30. )
to the change in his policy we know not, but we
10. Son of Alexander II. king of Epeirus. subsequently find him betraying his trust, and
[PTOLEMAEUS, king of EPEIRUS. ]
giving over the island of Cyprus to Antiochus
11. An illegitimate son of Ptolemy Philadel. Epiphanes. (2 Macc. x. 12. )
phus, king of Egypt, who was appointed by his 20. A rhetorician of Alexandria, who was em-
father to command at Ephesus, when that im- ployed as ambassador by Ptolemy Euergetes II. to
portant city fell into his hands during the war Antiochus Epiphanes when the latter was besieging
with Antiochus II. Ptolemy was subsequently Alexandria, B. c. 170 (Polyb. xxviii. 16). He is
induced to revolt from his father, in conjunction perhaps the same person with the brother of Comanus,
with Timarchus, tyrant of Miletus, and attempted whom we find accompanying that minister on his
to establish his own power at Ephesus, but was embassy to Rome in B. c. 162. (Id. xxxi. 27. )
compelled by a mutiny of his Thracian mer- 21. An Egyptian, surnamed SYMPETESIS, who
cenaries to take refuge in the temple of Diana, was appointed by Ptolemy Euergetes II. to govern
where he was slain together with his mistress Cyrene during his absence, when he went to
Eirene. (Trog. Pomp. Prol
. xxvi. ; Athen. xiii. Rome in B. c. 162, to prefer his complaints in
p. 593, a. ; Niebuhr, Kl. Schrift. p. 268—271. ) person against his brother Philometor. " He sub-
12. Son of Chrysermus, an officer high in the sequently joined in the revolt of the Cyrenaeans
confidence of Ptolemy Philopator. He had been against Euergetes, and appears to have commanded
for some time on friendly terms with Cleomenes, the army with which they defeated him near the
whom he visited during his confinement ; but acci- Catabathmus. (Polyb. xxxi. 26. )
dentally betrayed to the latter the true intentions of 22. Surnamed Caesarion, a son of C. Julius
the king of Egypt in regard to him, and thus gave Caesar and Cleopatra. [CAESARION. )
rise to his attempted insurrection. On the first 23. Surnamed PHILADELPHUS, a son of M. An-
breaking out of the tumult Ptolemy, having issued tong, the Triumvir, by Cleopatra. He was the
forth from the palace, was instantly attacked and youngest of their three children, and could there-
put to death by three of the friends of Cleomenes, fore hardly have been born before B. C. 39. (Dion
B. C. 220. (Plut. Cleom. 36, 37. )
Cass. xlix. 32. ) In B. C. 34, he was proclaimed by
13. Another person of the same name was go- his father king of Syria, including Cilicia, and all the
vernor of the city of Alexandria at the time of the provinces st of the Euphrates (Dion Cass. xlix.
outbreak of Cleomenes, and having fallen in with 41 ; Plut. Ant. 54). After the death of Antony,
the little band of Spartans, was dragged from his and the subjugation of Egypt, B. c. 30, his life was
chariot and put to death. (Polyb. v. 39; Plut. spared by Augustus, at the intercession of Juba and
Cleom. 37. )
Cleopatra, and he was brought up by Octavia with
14. A Macedonian officer of high rank in the
army of Philip V. during the Social War, who
* This passage is referred by Schweighäuser to
joined with Leontius and Megaleas in promoting Ptolemy son of Agesarchus, to whom it is certainly
the treasonable designs of Apelles, and was in not applicable.
## p. 567 (#583) ############################################
PTOLEMAEUS.
567
PTOLEMAEUS.
her own children, but we hear nothing more of him. 7. A sophist and Peripatetic philosopher, of the
(Dion Cass. li. 15; Plut. Ant. 87. ) [E. H. B. ] beginning of the third century of our era, whom
PTOLEMAEUS (Iltonepaios), literary. The Longinus mentions that he had seen in his youth.
celebrated astronomer and geographer of this name We also learn from Longinus that Ptolemy left no
is spoken of below under PTOLEM ABUS, CLAUDIUS. writings except poems and declamations. (Praef.
I. HISTORIANS. 1. Of Megalopolis, the son of ad Lib. Tepl Témous, ap. Porphyr. Vit. Plotin. p.
Agesarchus, wrote a history of king Ptolemy IV. | 127 ; comp. Harless, ad Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii.
Philopator, which is quoted by Athenaeus (vi. p. p. 504, n. tr. )
246, C. , X. p. 425, e. , xiii. p. 577, f. ), Clemens 8. A Platonic philosopher, of whom nothing is
Alexandrinus (Protrep. p. 13), and Arnobius (vi. known, except that he lived before Proclus, who
4). From these passages it is clear that the his quotes him in his work on the Timaeus of Plato
torian lived at the court of Ptolemy, who reigned (i. p. 7, b).
from B. c. 222 to B. C. 204. (Vossius, de Hist. III. GRAMMARIANS. 9. Of Alexandria, sur-
Graec. p. 157, ed. Westermann; Fabric. Bibl. named Pindarion, was the son of Oroandrus, and
Graec rol. v. p. 295). Schweighäuser supposes the disciple of Aristarchus (Suid. s. v. ). Suidas
that the Ptolemy, who was governor of Cyprus mentions the following as his works :- "Ομηρικών
during the regency of Ptolemy Philometor, is the | υποδειγμάτων βιβλία γ, περί του Ομηρικού χαρακ-
Bame as Ptolemy of Megalopolis (Polyb. xxvii. 12); τήρος, προς Νεοθαλίδην περί λέξεως, περί του παρ
but the governor of Cyprus was a different person. | Ομήρω Ούτιδος, περί Αστεροπαίου του παρ’ Ομήρω
[See above, No. 19. )
urmuovevouévov, and others. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
2. An Egyptian priest, of Mendes, who wrote on vol. i. p. 520, vol. vi.
fable. Another story about Pteras was that the was preparing to make head against the formidable
Apterazi in Crete took their name from him. (Pans. coalition organized against him, he placed Ptolemy
2. 5. § 5, 8, 9, 10. )
[P. S. )
at the head of the army which was destined to
PTOLEMAEUS (Itoneuaios), the name of carry on operations in Asia Minor against the
two mythical personages, one a son of Peiraeas, generals of Cassander. This object the young
who accompanied Agamemnon as charioteer to general successfully carried out-relieved Amisus,
Troy (Hom. Il. iv. 228), and the other a son of which wns besieged by Asclepiodorus, and re
Damasichthon, king of Thebes. (Paus. ix. 5. covered the whole satrapy of Cappadocia ; after
§ 8. )
(L. S. )
which he advanced into Bithynia, of which he
PTOLEMAEUS (fitoneuaios), minor historical compelled the king Zipnetes to join his alliance,
persons. (Several persons of this name, which ap- and then occupied lonia, from whence Seleucus
pears to have been one in its origin exclusively withdrew on his approach. (Diod. xix. 57, 60. )
Macedonian, occur among the officers and generals He next threatened Carin, which was however for
of Alexander the Great, whom it is not always easy a time defended by Myrmidon, the Egyptian
to distinguish from one another. )
general ; but the following year Ptolemy was able
1. Son of Lagus. (PTOLEMAEUS I. king of to strike a decisive blow in that quarter against
EGYPT. ]
Eupolemus, the general of Cassander, whom be
2. Son of Philip, an officer who commanded surprised and totally defeated. (Id. ib. 62, 68. )
the leading squadron of Macedonian cavalry at the The next summer (B. C. 313) the arrival of Anti-
passage of the Granicus. (Arr. Anab. i. 14. ) It is gonus himself gave a decided preponderance to
supposed by Gronovius (ad Arr. l. c. ) and by his arms in Asia Minor, and Ptolemy, after ren-
Droysen, that he is the same who was afterwards dering active assistance in the sieges of Caunus
left by Alexander with a force of 3000 foot and and Iasus, was sent with a considerable army to
200 horse to defend the province of Caria, and Greece to carry ou the war there against Cas-
who subsequently, together with Asander the go- sander. His successes were at first rapid: he
vernor of Lydia, defeated the Persian general drove out the garrisons of his adversary from Chalcis
Orontobates, B. C. 332. (Arr. ib. i. 23, ii. 5. ) and Oropus, invaded Attica, where he compelled
3. One of the select officers called Somatophylaces, Demetrius of Phalerus to make overtures of sub-
or guards of the king's person, who was killed at mission, and then carried his arms triumphantly
the siege of Halicarnassus, B. C. 334. (Arr. Anab. through Boeotia, Phocis, and Locris. Wherever
i. 22. ) Freinsheim, in his supplement to Curtius he went he expelled the Macedonian garrisons,
(ii. 10. § 13), has assumed this to be the son of and proclaimed the liberty and independence of
Philip, but it is more probable, as already pointed the several cities. After this he directed his
out, that the latter was the governor of Caria. march to the Peloponnese, where the authority of
4. Son of Seleucus, another of the Somato- Antigonus had been endangered by the recent
phylaces, who combined with that distinguished defection of his general Telesphorus. (Id. ib. 75,
post the command of one of the divisions of the 77, 78, 87. ) Here he appears to have remained
phalanx. He was lately married when he accom- till the peace of 311 suspended hostilities in that
panied Alexander on his expedition to Asia, B. C. quarter. But he considered that his services had
334, on which account he was selected by the not met with their due reward from Antigonus ;
king to command the body of Macedonians, who and when, therefore, in B. C. 310 the kings of
were allowed to return home for the winter at the Macedonia and Egypt were preparing to renew
end of the first campaign. In the following spring the war, Ptolemy suddenly abandoned the cause of
he rejoined Alexander at Gordium, with the troops bis uncle and concluded a treaty with Cassander
under his command, accompanied by fresh rein- and the son of Lagus. Probably his object was
forcements. At the battle of Issus (B. C. 332) his to establish himself in the chief command in the
division of the phalanx was one of those opposed Peloponnese : but the reconciliation of Polysperchon
to the Greek mercenaries under Dareius, and upon with Cassander must have frustrated this object :
which the real brunt of the action consequently and on the arrival of the Egyptian king with a
devolved ; and he himself fell in the conflict, after fleet at Cos, Ptolemy repaired from Chalcis to join
displaying the utmost valour. (Arr. Anab. i. 24, him. He was received at first with the utmost
29, i. 8, 10 ; Curt. iii. 9. § 7. )
favour, but soon gave offence to his new patron by
6. An officer who commanded a force of Thracian his intrigues and ambitious demonstrations, and
mercenaries, with which he joined Alexander in was in consequence thrown into prison and com-
Bactria, B. C. 329. (Arr. Anab. iv. 7; Curt. vii. 10. pelled to put an end to his life by poison, B. C.
§ 11. )
309. (Id. xx. 19, 27. ). Schlosser has represented
6. Son of Ptolemy, an officer appointed by this general as an enthusiast in the cause of the
Antipater in B. C. 321, to be one of the Somato- liberty of Greece, but there seems no reason to
phylaces of the titular king, Philip Arrhidaeus. suppose that his professions to that effect were
(Arr. ap. Phot. p. 72, a. ) Nothing more is known more earnest or sincere than those of his contem-
of him, but Droysen conjectures that he was a son poraries.
of No. 4. (Hellenism. vol. i. p. 151. )
8. Son of Lysimachus, king of Thrace. He was
7. Nephew of Antigonus, the general of Alex. the eldest of the three sons of that monarch by his
ander, who afterwards became king of Asia. His last wife Arsinoë, and the only one who escaped fall-
Dame is first mentioned as present with his uncle ing into the hands of Ptolemy Ceraunus. Having in
at the siege of Nora in B. c. 320, when he was vain urged his mother not to trust to the friendly
given up to Eumenes as a hostage for the safety of professions of the usurper, he himself appears to
the latter during a conference with Antigonus. have made his escape and taken refuge with
(Plut. Eum. 10. ) At a later period we find him Monunius, king of the Dardanians, whom he per-
003
## p. 566 (#582) ############################################
866
PTOLEMAEUS.
PTOLEMAEUS.
1
suaded to take up arms in his cause, but we know | consequence put to death by Philip, B. C. 218.
nothing of the events of the war. (Justin. xxiv. (Polyb. v. 25, 26, 29. )
2; Trog. Pomp. Prol. xxiv. ) It is probable, how- 15. Son of Thraseas, a leader of Greek merce-
ever, that the Ptolemy who is mentioned as naries in the service of Ptolemy Philopator, who
establishing, or asserting, a transient claim to the was appointed, together with Andromachus, to
throne of Macedonia, during the period of Anarchy command the phalanx in the war against Antiochus,
which followed the death of Ptolemy Ceraunus B. C. 217. (Polyb. v. 65. )
(B. C. 280—277), is no other than the one in ques- 16. Son of Aëropus, an officer in the service of
tion. (Porphyr. ap. Euscb. Arm. p. 157; Dexippus, Antiochus the Great at the battle of Panium, B. C.
ap. Syncell. p. 267. )
198. (Id. xvi. 18. )
9. Son of Pyrrhus, king of Epeirus, by his wife 17. Son of Eumenes, an officer in the service
Antigone, the step-daughter of Ptolemy Lagi. of Ptolemy Epiphanes king of Egypt, who was
When only fifteen years of age he was left by his charged with the duty of arresting Scopas, and
father in charge of his hereditary dominions, when bringing him to trial. (Scopas. ) (Polyb. xviii. 36. )
Pyrrhus himself set out on his expedition to Italy, 18. Son of Sosibius, the minister of Ptolemy
B. c. 280. (Justin. xviii. 1. ) of his proceedings Philopator. He was naturally of a haughty and
during his father's absence we know nothing: but ambitious character, and these qualities were in-
immediately after the return of Pyrrhus, B. C.
274, creased by a visit he paid to the Macedonian
we find Ptolemy actively co-operating with him, court during the minority of Ptolemy Epiphanes.
reducing Corcyra with a small force: and after the Hence, on his return to Egypt, he made common
defeat of Antigonus Gonatas, repulsing him in an cause with his brother Sosibius, and took a pro-
attempt to recover his lost kingdom, and inflicting minent part against Tlepolemus who held the chief
on him a second defeat. He afterwards accom- direction of affairs. Their intrigues were however
panied Pyrrhus on his expedition to the Pelopon- defeated, and the party of Tlepolemus prevailed.
nese, B. C. 272, and took a prominent part in the (Polyb. xvi. 22. )
attack on Sparta, but in the march from thence 19. Surnamed Macron, an Egyptian officer,
towards Argos, Areus having occupied the moun- who was appointed to the government of Cyprus
tain passes, a severe combat ensued, in which during the minority of Ptolemy Philometor; an
Ptolemy, who commanded the advanced guard of office which he discharged with zeal and ability.
his father's army, was slain. Young as he was, By prudent economy in the administration of the
he had given the most striking proofs of daring island, he amassed a large sum of money which he
courage and personal prowess, and, had his life sent to Philometor, on his attaining his majority,
been spared, would probably have rivalled the and thus secured the favour of the young king
renown of his father. (Justin. xxv. 3, 4; Plut. (Polyb. xxvii. 12, and Vales. ad loc. ). What led
Pyrrh. 28, 30. )
to the change in his policy we know not, but we
10. Son of Alexander II. king of Epeirus. subsequently find him betraying his trust, and
[PTOLEMAEUS, king of EPEIRUS. ]
giving over the island of Cyprus to Antiochus
11. An illegitimate son of Ptolemy Philadel. Epiphanes. (2 Macc. x. 12. )
phus, king of Egypt, who was appointed by his 20. A rhetorician of Alexandria, who was em-
father to command at Ephesus, when that im- ployed as ambassador by Ptolemy Euergetes II. to
portant city fell into his hands during the war Antiochus Epiphanes when the latter was besieging
with Antiochus II. Ptolemy was subsequently Alexandria, B. c. 170 (Polyb. xxviii. 16). He is
induced to revolt from his father, in conjunction perhaps the same person with the brother of Comanus,
with Timarchus, tyrant of Miletus, and attempted whom we find accompanying that minister on his
to establish his own power at Ephesus, but was embassy to Rome in B. c. 162. (Id. xxxi. 27. )
compelled by a mutiny of his Thracian mer- 21. An Egyptian, surnamed SYMPETESIS, who
cenaries to take refuge in the temple of Diana, was appointed by Ptolemy Euergetes II. to govern
where he was slain together with his mistress Cyrene during his absence, when he went to
Eirene. (Trog. Pomp. Prol
. xxvi. ; Athen. xiii. Rome in B. c. 162, to prefer his complaints in
p. 593, a. ; Niebuhr, Kl. Schrift. p. 268—271. ) person against his brother Philometor. " He sub-
12. Son of Chrysermus, an officer high in the sequently joined in the revolt of the Cyrenaeans
confidence of Ptolemy Philopator. He had been against Euergetes, and appears to have commanded
for some time on friendly terms with Cleomenes, the army with which they defeated him near the
whom he visited during his confinement ; but acci- Catabathmus. (Polyb. xxxi. 26. )
dentally betrayed to the latter the true intentions of 22. Surnamed Caesarion, a son of C. Julius
the king of Egypt in regard to him, and thus gave Caesar and Cleopatra. [CAESARION. )
rise to his attempted insurrection. On the first 23. Surnamed PHILADELPHUS, a son of M. An-
breaking out of the tumult Ptolemy, having issued tong, the Triumvir, by Cleopatra. He was the
forth from the palace, was instantly attacked and youngest of their three children, and could there-
put to death by three of the friends of Cleomenes, fore hardly have been born before B. C. 39. (Dion
B. C. 220. (Plut. Cleom. 36, 37. )
Cass. xlix. 32. ) In B. C. 34, he was proclaimed by
13. Another person of the same name was go- his father king of Syria, including Cilicia, and all the
vernor of the city of Alexandria at the time of the provinces st of the Euphrates (Dion Cass. xlix.
outbreak of Cleomenes, and having fallen in with 41 ; Plut. Ant. 54). After the death of Antony,
the little band of Spartans, was dragged from his and the subjugation of Egypt, B. c. 30, his life was
chariot and put to death. (Polyb. v. 39; Plut. spared by Augustus, at the intercession of Juba and
Cleom. 37. )
Cleopatra, and he was brought up by Octavia with
14. A Macedonian officer of high rank in the
army of Philip V. during the Social War, who
* This passage is referred by Schweighäuser to
joined with Leontius and Megaleas in promoting Ptolemy son of Agesarchus, to whom it is certainly
the treasonable designs of Apelles, and was in not applicable.
## p. 567 (#583) ############################################
PTOLEMAEUS.
567
PTOLEMAEUS.
her own children, but we hear nothing more of him. 7. A sophist and Peripatetic philosopher, of the
(Dion Cass. li. 15; Plut. Ant. 87. ) [E. H. B. ] beginning of the third century of our era, whom
PTOLEMAEUS (Iltonepaios), literary. The Longinus mentions that he had seen in his youth.
celebrated astronomer and geographer of this name We also learn from Longinus that Ptolemy left no
is spoken of below under PTOLEM ABUS, CLAUDIUS. writings except poems and declamations. (Praef.
I. HISTORIANS. 1. Of Megalopolis, the son of ad Lib. Tepl Témous, ap. Porphyr. Vit. Plotin. p.
Agesarchus, wrote a history of king Ptolemy IV. | 127 ; comp. Harless, ad Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii.
Philopator, which is quoted by Athenaeus (vi. p. p. 504, n. tr. )
246, C. , X. p. 425, e. , xiii. p. 577, f. ), Clemens 8. A Platonic philosopher, of whom nothing is
Alexandrinus (Protrep. p. 13), and Arnobius (vi. known, except that he lived before Proclus, who
4). From these passages it is clear that the his quotes him in his work on the Timaeus of Plato
torian lived at the court of Ptolemy, who reigned (i. p. 7, b).
from B. c. 222 to B. C. 204. (Vossius, de Hist. III. GRAMMARIANS. 9. Of Alexandria, sur-
Graec. p. 157, ed. Westermann; Fabric. Bibl. named Pindarion, was the son of Oroandrus, and
Graec rol. v. p. 295). Schweighäuser supposes the disciple of Aristarchus (Suid. s. v. ). Suidas
that the Ptolemy, who was governor of Cyprus mentions the following as his works :- "Ομηρικών
during the regency of Ptolemy Philometor, is the | υποδειγμάτων βιβλία γ, περί του Ομηρικού χαρακ-
Bame as Ptolemy of Megalopolis (Polyb. xxvii. 12); τήρος, προς Νεοθαλίδην περί λέξεως, περί του παρ
but the governor of Cyprus was a different person. | Ομήρω Ούτιδος, περί Αστεροπαίου του παρ’ Ομήρω
[See above, No. 19. )
urmuovevouévov, and others. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
2. An Egyptian priest, of Mendes, who wrote on vol. i. p. 520, vol. vi.
