No More Learning

'* See Co5<it)li 5<iet)lieL He 5<iU4ibh,
chap, cvi. , pp. 184. 185.
" On the Site of the Battle
3"3 There is found of
agroup houses,arranged
Paper
Archaeological Association of Ireland," vol. v. , Fourth Series, Part i. , p. 169.
3°° At present, Mr. Colley's Demesne.
5°' It was drawn on the spot, by William
F. Wakeman, December, 1882, and after- wards transferred by him 10 the wood, which was engraved by Mrs. Miilard.
in that shape, and built at the end of the last
remains were there turned up, as a party who built those houses mentioned to Thomas O'Garinan.
5°* It had been opened, by order of a Mr. Blair, on whose lan'ls it slood.
3°5 On a I7ih of April, probably 1744, Walter Harris saw and handled tliese human
April 23. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 441
other moundsj^"* and of the same kind, were within half a mile of the former barrow. 3°7 Ithasbeensupposed,thatthebattleprobablyextended,fromthe Tolka River,3°* and overmuch of that ground, now occupied by the north-east part of Dublin,3°9 as human bones, in great numbers, have laeen there dis- covered. 3"° This seems quite probable, especially towards the close of this contest. According to the Annals of the Four Masters,3" Maelseachlainn, with his Meathians,3'^ took a brave and an active part in the after battle against the foreigners and Leinstermen, by routing and pursuing their forces with heavy blows, from Tulcainn, now the River Tolka,3'3 to Atlicliath, the former name for Dublin. Such was the ardour of the boy Turlough,3'4 that he pur- sued the Danes into tlie sea. After the battle was over, his body was found, near the fishing-weir of Clontarf. Both his hands, being fast bound in the hair of a Dane's head,3'5 indicated the death-struggle, which closed his early and promising career of life. 3'* We read also, that Hrafn the Red was chased out into a certain river ;3'7 in imagination he saw there the pains of hell down below him, and he thought the devils wanted to drag him towards them. Then
Hrafn " Peter hath run twice to Rome, and he said, Thy dog, Apostle !
•would run the third time, if thou gavest him leave. 3'* Then, the devils let liim loose, and Hrafn got safely across that river. 3'9
The numbers slain in this day's battle have been variously estimated.
Hardly a nobly-born man escaped, or sought to escape. According to one account, on the Galls' side,3^° the ten hundred in armour, and three thousand
others of the enemy, with about an equal number of the men of Ireland, lay dead upon the field. 3" The greater part of the Island Danes, with their
remains, supposed by him to have been de- posited there A. i). 1014, after the celebrated Battle of Clontarf. He aI,o was told, that some curious gentlemen measured a skeleton there, and that from the dimensions taken, the person, to whom the Ix)nes once be- lo! ]geJ, couM mt have been much less than nine feet in height !
Dublin. It flows from Mullahidart on through the village of Finglas, and passing
under Ballybough and Annesley bridges, south of Clontarf, it falls into the Irish Sea.
^" He was only fifteen years old, at this time, according to the Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen. See Rev. Dr.
*" If opened, as Harris suggests, they O'Conor's " Rerum Hibemicarum Scripto-
might reveal new discoveries. *^SeeHarris'Ware,vol. ii. , "Antiqui-
ties of Ireland," chap, xviii. , pp. 149, 150. 5^ We are told, in W'illiam M. Hennessy's-
res," tomusii. , p. 67. ^'5AccordingtotheAnnalsofClonmac-
"
" the battle raged from Tulcadh to Ath
Cliath. " Seepp. 252,253.
'°» See I. N. Brewer's "Beauties of Ire-
land," vol. i. , p. 191, note.
''° When excavating for a new street, in "
Doise. 3"
—
" No mark of fame,
Yet graced young Turlogh's virgin shield ;
Helivedasyetan—unknownname. This was his first his fatal field. "
version of the
Chronicum Scotorum," that
1763, accordin<j to Wilson's Dublin Majja- Days of Boru," canto xi. , sect, xiii. ,
zine," for May of that year, where Rev. Dr.
Ledwich has some remarks, on this sub-
ject.
'" See Dr. O'Donovan's edition, vol. ii. ,
pp. 774 to 777, and n. (t) ibid.
3" In William M. Hennessy's <jTin4t<i
p. 734.
3'' Either the Lifley or the Tolka.
''• By these words he expressed an inten-
tion of going a third time, on a pilgrimage to Rome, if St. Peter helped him out of that strait.
toch^ C6, or Annah of
-Stated, that the menof Mumha and ofMidhe
and of the south of Connaught were led by
Bryan Boromha against the foreigners of
Ath Clinth and against the Lagcni. ins, to
bring them under his obedience, as he had have it "cedidit ex adversa caterva Gallo-
2. 3- '" See Thomas D'Arcy iMcCee's "
J"' This stream fakes from Meath an lar Hi-tory of Ireland," voL i. , Book ii. ,
eastern direction through the county of chap. vi. , p. loj.
Lough
Ce, it is
Vol. 11. previou'sly brought them. See vol. i. , pp. rum. "— i. , pp. 10,
"
^John D'AIton's Dermid ; or Erin in the
3'' See Webbe Dasent's " of George Story
Burnt Njal," vol. ii. , chap, clvi. , pp. 336,
337-
5"" The -diinald toctiA C6, or Annals of
,,
Lough Ce, edited by William M. Hennessy,
Popu-
442 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 23.
leaders, are said to have fallen ; while, a great slaughter of the Leinstermen,
with tlieir ciiiefs took place, and, extending from the field of battle to Dub-
lin, as also to the vessels of the foreigners. s"' The vanquished confederate
forces numbered among their slain leaders, Maelmordha,3'3 the chief insti-
gator of all this bloodshed,3»4 with Brogarbhan,3^5 son to Conchobhar, tanist
of Hy-Failghe,3''' or Ophaly, and Tuathal,3^7 son to Ugaire, the heir apparent to the crown of Leinster. Besides these, we find enumerated Dunlaing,'"*
son to Tuathal, King of LifS, and Domhnall, son to Ferghall, King of Fortu- aith Laigen, as killed. 3=9 Nearly all the chiefs of Leinster, with three thousand of their bravest troops, 33° are estimated to have perished, during the action, or after it while in retreat. According to another account, two thousand of the Lagenianswereslain,withelevenhundredoftheUi-Ceinnselaigh. 33' Besides their principal officers, the Danish loss is said, by some authorities, to have reached the almost incredible number of fourteen thousand men. On the part of the Galls, besides Brodar,332 or Brotor,333 who killed Bryan, the An- nals of Ulster enumerate the following chiefs as having fallen on this day,
«
viz. , Siuchrad,334 l)ubgall,33s Giiiaciarain,3 or Gildas Ciaran,337 Qttir, or
Uithir the Black,338 Suartgar,339 Donchad 0'Erulf,3i° Grisene,3<' Luinne and Amlaibh or Amlaf, son of Lagman or Ladmann,34» together with six thousand menkilled and wounded. 3*3 Besides the foregoing names of chiefs, the Annals of Innisfallen give those of Carolus,344 and Anrudh, two sons to the King of Lochlann,345 as also Dolat and Conmhaol. 3<* In addition to these are enumerated, Luiminin and Siogradh, Goistilin Gall and Amond,347
Simond,348 Sefraid,349 Bernard,35° Eoin the Baron and Rickard,3S' with Oisill and Raghnall, the two sons of Imhar, the grandsons of Imhar. 35» According
3" See the Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen, in Rev. Ur. O'Conor's " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus ii. , p. 65.
3'3 See tbid. , p. 66.
3^4 The Annals of Lough Ce style him,
Murchadh, chief king of Laighen.
3'5 See the Dublin copy of the Annals of
"
jAttAibh, chap, cxvii. , pp, 206, 207.
33* Called Sitrioc mc Luadar Jarla Inns h
Ore, in the Annals of Innisfallen, Dublin copy. In the <Xnn<il4 tocViA Ce, he is called Sighrud, son of Lolhar, Jarl of Insi-li-Orc.
335 Called son of Amhlaibh.
33* Called son of Gluniaiainn. royal heir of Innisfallen, in Rev. Dr. O'Conor's Re- the foreigners, in the <XnnAbd LochA Ce, or
rum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus ii. , p. 66.
3'' See . drinALA tochd C6 or Annals of Lough Ce, by William M. Hennessy, vol. i. , pp. 10, II.
3"' Heiscalled,intheDublincopyofthe Annals of Innisfallen, Tuthal h Gaire Riogh- darahna Laiyhen. See " Rerum Hibernica- rum Scriptores," tomus ii. , p. 66.
3'* He received a wound, from tlie effects of which died.
3"9 See Cogd'oh JaeoheL Re JallAibh, chap, cxvii. , pp. 208. 209.
'>''" See the Dublin oipy of the Annals of Innisfallen. in Rev. Dr. O'Conor's " Rerum HibernicarumScriptores,"tomusii. , p. 66.
33' See Coga'oh jAeoheL tie SAllaibh, chap, cxvii. , pp. 208, 209.
Annals of Lough Ce, edited by William M. Hennessy, vol. i. , pp. 10, ii.
33' These two, called Dubhgal mac Am-
laiomh, and Giolla Cuaran mac Gluiniaruim,
were regarded as two prospective kings of the I lanes. See Rev. Dr. O'C onor's " Rerum
Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus ii. Annales Inisfalenses, pp. 66, 67.
33" So called, in the <XnnAt4 iocha C^.
339 Called Suairtghair, in the Annals of
Lough Ce.
34° He is called Donnchadh O'h Eruilbh,
in the Coja-oh 5deT)heL lie SilUiibh, chap, cxvii. , pp. 206, 207.
343 See Rev. Dr. Charles O'Conor's 33" That is the captain cf the fleet, who " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus
slew Brien, add the <\nnatA I,ochA 0^, or
Annals of Lough Ce, edited by William M.
Hennessy, vol. i. , pp. 10, II.
333 Or Broder, son of Osli, and Earl of
Caer Ebroc, and along with him were killed a thousand plundering Danes, both Saxons and Lochlanns. See CogA'oh 5<xe-ohel fte
iv. Annales Ultomenses, p. 305.
344 Another account has it Carlus and
Ciarlus, the two sons of the King of Loch- Ian n.
345 See Rev. Dr. Charles O'Conor's " Re- rum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus ii. , Annales Inisfalenses, p. 66.
34' Also called Grisin, read Grifin.
perhaps
we should
34' Also called Laghman.
April 23. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 443
to the Annals of Boyle,353 3,000 foreigners were killed, while with more par- ticularity, the Annals of Innisfallen have 3,012. In some of the Northmen's divisions, not a single warrior was left alive, so implacably did the victors follow up their success. Brodir's men—but probably only those are meant
who participated in the Monarch's murder—were slain to a man.
354
On the side
of the Galls, at least six thousand perished, either by killing or by drowning, as we are told. ? 55 The total loss on the enemy's side, according to one writer, was six hundred and three score hundreds, or six thousand six hundred. 'S* Among these, one thousand warriors, who wore coats of mail, were altogether slain, 35' so that not even one escaped from that field of carnage. Again, fifteen men of the Burners fell in Brian's battle,3s8 and there too fell Halldor, sonofGudmund,thepowerfulandbraveErlingofStraumey. 359 Sitrick,son to Amhlaibh, King of Ath Cliath, was not killed, as happened to all the other foreigners of distinction, because he did not go into the battle, but re-
mained on guard, within the walls of his fortress. 3*° In the Nials-Saga, one of the northern princes is introduced as asking,3*' some time after the battle, what had become of his men ? The answer given to him was couched in these words, that they were all killed.
It is not wonderful, that in this most obstinate engagement, which was waged from sunrise to dusk, the victory was dearly won, owing to the number slain, even on the conqueror's side. The Annals of Iniiislallen,^*" after enumerating among the slain the Monarch Bryan 3*3 and a few of his chiefs, with Maelmorda, King of Leinster, states in general, that many others fell on the Irish side ; while there was a great slaughter of the Leinster Reguli, and of the foreigners, belonging to the western world,3*-» on the other side. 3*5 About this period, and long afterwards, an incorrect geographical notion prevailed, that the Britannic and Irish Islands, as also the Scandinavian countries, had a more westward direction, as shown on several ancient maps. The royal family of Munster were left to mourn the loss of three generations cut down
^"Mornij,h advance 1 o'er heaps of slain
Th. it marked his path upon the
plain ;
In vain Conmaol dared his might,
Or challenged him to single fight ; In vain he raised his sword to hea-
ven
With a en- many mystic sign
of Lough Ci, edited by Willijim M. Hennessy, vol. i. , pp. lo, ii.
's' See Cogaoh Saerjliet Re JatlAibh, chap, cxvii. , pp. 208, 209.
'sr Such is the account given, in the Dub—-
lin copy of the " Annals of Innisfallen. " "
graven. "
—John D'Allon's " Dermid
'5» See "
Nials-. Sajia," cap. civiii,, p. 6os.
35' See " George Webbe Dasent's
Days of Boru," canto xi. , sect, xix. , pp. 379,
380.
J" He was the son of Duilhghin, andboh
of these named were two kings of Port
Lairge.
""Son of Turgeis.
3« ^on of Sunan.
31" Son of Suamin.
55' These were two sons of the Ingen
Ruaidh.
3S» See Cogatjh 5«eT)het Re SAbL^iibh
chap, cxvii. . pp. 206, 207.
353 See Rev. Dr. O'Conor's "Rerum
Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus ii. , An-
^' I his dialogue seems an allusion to that division, clotlied in the coats of mail.
'" The Bodleian copy.
3«3
i,, the <inn4l<v bochaC^, or Annals of Lough Ce, edited l. y William . \1. Hennessy, he is called ihe supreme king of theGaedhel of Erinn, and of the foreigners of Britain, and the Augustus of the « hole north-west of Europe. See vol. i. , pp. 10. 11.
' * Accordint; to the Coga-oh 54eT)hel Re Sitl-aibh, chap, cxvii. , pp. 206, 207, there were killed in that battle, the greater part of the men of valour of the Gaill and of the Gaedhil, belonging to all the west of Europe.
"5 See Rev. Dr. O'Conor's "Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus ii. , p. 54.
nales Huellani, p. 17. " 35* See Genrge Webbe Da. sent's
Story of
Burnt Njal," vol. ii. , chap, clvi. , p. 338.
335 See <\nn<»U(i lx>chA C6, or the Annals
;
or in Erin the
ggg
Ue
5<\ll<iibh,
.
Rev. iJr. O'Conor's
Rerum Hibernicaram
Scriptores," tnmusii. , p. 65.
Story of Burnt Njal," vol. ii. , chap, clvi. , p. 338.
^fc
Co5AT>h JaeDheL chap, cxvii. . pp. 206 to 209.
444 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 23.
in the one day, and upon the same field of battle. s** Besides the aged mon- arch 3*7 himself, Murchad 3** or Morough,3*9 with two of his brothers and his son Tordelbac 370 or Turlogh, fell in this most sanguinary encounter. His nephew ConaingS'' or Conang,37= the son of Donncuann, was slain, likewise, in this battle. Domhnall,373 son to Diarmaid, lord of Corca Bhaiscinn,37< Geibheannach, son to Dubhagan,375 chief of Feara-Maighe,37* Mac Beatha,377 son to Muireadhach,378 Claen the chief of Ciarraighe-Luachra,379 and Sgann- lan3*° or Scannlan, son to Cathal, lord of Eoghanacht-Locha Lein, were killed. Among others are mentioned, Eocha, son to Dunadhach, chief of the Clann-Scannlaine, Niall Ua Cuinn,3^' and Cuduiligh, son to Ceinneidigh,3^2 who were the three aids-de-camp, or companions in arms, 3*3 to the monarch Brian himself. 3^-t These three defenders were slain, with many other nobles. 3'5 Dubhdabhorrenn, son of Domhnall, Loingsech, son of Dunlaing,35* and Mothla,3*7 son to Domhnall, son to Faelan,lordin South Mumhan orMunster,38' Deisi were slain. The powerful Connaught prince, Tadhg Ua Ceallaigh or 0'Kelly,3*9 chief over Hy-Maine,39° as likewise Maelruanaidh na Paidre Ua
Alexander M. Sullivan's "
3^7 Bianus, King of Ireland, with his son Ascuthin, namely King Dulyn, was killed, A. D. 1013, according to the Cambrian Annals. See "Annales Cambriae," edited by the Rev. John Williams ab Ithel, M. A. , p. 22.
3'^ See the Annals of Innisfallen, Bodleian
and Dublin copies, in Rev. Dr. O'Conor's
" Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus
ii. , pp. 54, 63.
3°« This is the more modern spelling of his
name, by Irish historians.
37° See the Annals of Innisfallen, Bod-
leian and Dublin copies.
37' He is called, the royal heir of Mumha,
in OinnAl,* tochA Ce, or Annals of Lough
Ce, edited by William M. Hennessy, vol. i. ,
pp. 12, 13.
37^ The Bodleian copy of the Innisfallen
Annals calls him Chonchang, son of Duind- chuan.
373 He was progenitor of the O'Domhnaiil
or O'Donnell family belonging to East Corca Bhaiscinn. He w. is ancestor of the O'Cearb- haill or O'CarroU family, who were lords or chieftains of Eoghanacht-Locha-Lein, now Killarney. Afterwards, the O'Donohocs, a branch of the Ui-Eathach-Mumhan, dis- possessed them.
374 See the Annals of Innisfallen, Bodleian and Dublin copies.
375 Xhe Druid Meogh Roth is said to have been his ancestor, and he is thought to have descended from Cuanna Mac Cailchine, commonly called Laech Liathmluiine.
37* He is called, Geilihendach Ua Dubha-
gain, King of Fera-Maighe, in the <3itin<sLa tociiA Ce, or Annals of Lough Ce, ediied by William M. Hennessy, vol. i. , pp. 12,
377 He is called Baedan, in the Co54T)h
jAenhel 1le 5«llAibh. According to Dr. O'Donovan, he was the ancestor of O'Conor
Kerry, "though in the pedigrees the only
Mac Beatha to be found is made Mac
son of Conchobhar, but it should clearly be Mac Beatha, son of Muiriadhach Claen, son of Conchobh. ir, the progenitor from whom the O'Connors Kerry derive their hereditary surname. "—" Annals of the Four Mailers," vol. ii. , n. (p), pp. 774, 775. The editor afterwards instances several distinguished descendants of this family.
37* The Bodleian copy of the Annals of Innisfallen calls him Bethad, son of Murcher- tach, only ; while the Dublin copy names liim McBeotaicc mc Muiredh Righ Ciaruidhe Luachra. See Rev. Dr. O'Conor's " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus ii. , pp. 54, 63.
379 He is styled Mac Bethaidh, son of Muiredhach Claen, King of Ciarraighe- Luachra, in Anndl<\ lochA C^, vol. i. , pp. 12, 13.
3^ Thus written, in the -dnnAta locliA C^, ibid.
3"
See
of Ireland," chap, xiii. , p. lOO.
Story
Beatha,
3*'
This chief was ancestor to theO'Quinns
of Muintir-Iffernain, who originally were
seated at Inchiquin and Corofin, in the County of Clare.
3*^ In the translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, by Magheoghegan, they are
3*3 Thus they are called, in the Dublin
copy of the Annals of Innisfallen. See Rev. "
" chamber. "
called
three noblemen of the king's bed-
Dr. O'Conor's Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus ii.
3*-' See <XnnAlA tochA C^, vol. i. , 13-
pp.
12,
3«3 See Rev. Dr. O'Conor's "Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores,'' tomus iv. "An- nales Ultonienses,'' p. 305.
3'= See CogATDh jAeoheL Ke jAtLAibh, chap, cxviii. , pp. 208, 209.
3*' He was the first, who was called O'Faelain, l. atinize. l, Nepos Foilani.
3** See OmriAlA tochA Ce, or Annals of
Lough Ce, by William M. Hennessy, vol. i. , pp. 12, 13-
April 23. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 445
h Eidhin,35' or O'Heyne, lord of Aidline, with many other distinguished leaders, lay dead on tlie field. Among tiiose slain, on tlie Irisii side, the loss
of Dunlang Ua Hartegan was especially lamented. ^s^ According to the pre- vailing tradition, a dreadful slaughter of the Connaughtmen took place in this battle,--93 and especially very few of the O'Kellys or O'Heynes survived it. Muredach MormhaorjSS'* the great Steward of Leamhne, or Lennox, and Domh- nall,595 son of Einihin, son of Cainneach,39* the great Steward of Mair, or Mar, with other brave Albanian Scots, who were descendants from Core, King of Munster, died in the same cause. 397 Together with the foregoing, the almost incredible number of sixteen hundred of the Irish nobles is said to have fallen at Clontarf;39' but, certainly the proportion of chiefs to their clansmenwasovertheaveragecountedonmostotherbattle-fields. 399 Eleven thousand of the Irish were slain, according to Hannier;*'=° but, this doubt- less is a gross e. xaggeraiion, and probably, about half that number fell.
That this was a real and great victory for the Irish forces is attested, not alone by all our Irish annalists,*"' but even in the Northern chronicles and sagas. In both Irish and Danish versions, the Northmen are represented as flying for refuge, and in all directions, from the field of combat. Thus, not only the general unanimity of Irish chroniclers, but even the Scandinavian accounts'*^ of this sanguinary battle—long after famous throughout Europe—
^ The Bod'eaincopy of the Annals of Innis- fallen calU him, ThaJ^ hua Cellakh ui hiia Maine. The <)innal,<i toch^C^, name him, Tadhg, son of Murchadh Ua Ceallaigh, King of Ui Maine. See vol. i. , pp. 12, 13.
"" A curious tr. idition of the Hy-Many O'Kellys stales that after the fall of Teige Mor, in the battle of Cloniarf, a certain animal like a dog issued from the sea, to pro- tect his body from the Danes. This animal remained on guard, until the Hy-Many car- ried away the corpse of their chief. Ever since, the strange animal has been painted on the crest of the O'Kellys of Hy-Many. See the "Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many," edited by John O'Donovan. Additional Notes, A, p. 99.
"' This IS interpreted, Mulroney O'Heyne of the Prayer. The progenitor of this family, Eidhin, brother to Maelfabhill, gave name to the O'Heynes, now rendered into Hynes.
» A soldier of Morhe, called Douling of Hertakane, is said to have fought best, on the field of Clontarf, according to the Book of Howth. It adds: "After Mag Morliowe he was the first that stale in Ireland.