, _the solemn taking of an oath, the
swearing
of an oath_:
nom.
nom.
Beowulf
supposes wund hæleð to be a Dane, folces hyrde to be Hnæf, in
opposition to Holtzmann (_Germania_, viii. 494), who supposes the wounded
man to be a Frisian, and folces hyrde to be their king, Finn. --_Beit. _ xii.
28.
l. 45. B. adopts Th. 's reading heresceorp unhrōr = _equipments
useless_. --_Beit. _ xii. 28.
l. 47. "Though wounded, they had retained their strength and activity in
battle. "--B. , _Beit. _ xii. 28.
GLOSSARY
A
ac, conj. denoting contrariety: hence 1) _but_ (like N. H. G. sondern), 109,
135, 339, etc. --2) _but_ (N. H. G. aber), _nevertheless_, 602, 697, etc. --3)
in direct questions: nonne, numquid, 1991.
āglǣca, āhlǣca, ǣglǣca, -cea, w. m. (cf. Goth, aglo, _trouble_, O. N. agi,
_terror_, + lāc, _gift, sport: = misery, vexation, = bringer of trouble_;
hence): 1) _evil spirit, demon, a demon-like being_; of Grendel, 159, 433,
593, etc. ; of the drake, 2535, 2906, etc. --2) _great hero, mighty warrior_;
of Sigemund, 894; of Bēowulf: gen. sg. āglǣcan(? ), 1513; of Bēowulf and the
drake: nom. pl. þā āglǣcean, 2593.
āglǣc-wīf, st. n. , _demon, devil, in the form of a woman_; of Grendel's
mother, 1260.
aldor. See ealdor.
al-wealda. See eal-w.
am-biht (from and-b. , Goth, and-baht-s), st. m. , _servant, man-servant_:
nom. sg. ombeht, of the coast-guard, 287; ombiht, of Wulfgār, 336.
ambiht-þegn (from ambiht n. officium and þegn, which see), _servant,
man-servant_: dat. sg. ombiht-þegne, of Bēowulf's servant, 674.
an, prep, with the dat. , _on, in, with respect to_, 678; _with, among, at,
upon_ (position after the governed word), 1936; with the acc. , 1248.
Elsewhere on, which see.
ancor, st. m. , _anchor_: dat. sg. ancre, 303, 1884.
ancor-bend, m. (? ) f. (? ), _anchor-cable_: dat. pl. oncer-bendum, 1919.
and, conj. (ond is usual form; for example, 601, 1149, 2041), and 33, 39,
40, etc. (See Appendix. )
anda, w. m. , _excitement, vexation, horror_: dat. wrāðum on andan, 709,
2315.
and-git, st. n. , _insight, understanding_: nom. sg. , 1060. See gitan.
and-hātor, st. m. n. , _heat coming against one_: gen. sg. rēðes
and-hāttres, 2524.
and-lang, -long, adj. , _very long. _ hence 1) _at whole length, raised up
high_: acc. andlongne eorl, 2696 (cf. Bugge upon this point, Zachers
Ztschr. , 4, 217). --2) _continual, entire_; andlangne dæg, 2116, _the whole
day_; andlonge niht, 2939.
and-lēan, st. n. , _reward, payment in full_: acc. sg. , 1542, 2095 (hand-,
hond-lean, MS. ).
and-risno, st. f. (see rīsan, surgere, decere), _that which is to be
observed, that which is proper, etiquette_: dat. pl. for andrysnum,
_according to etiquette_, 1797.
and-saca, w. m. , _adversary_: godes andsaca (Grendel), 787, 1683.
and-slyht, st. m. , _blow in return_: acc. sg. , 2930, 2973 (MS. both times
hond-slyht).
and-swaru, st. f. , _act of accosting_: 1) to persons coming up, _an
address_, 2861. --2) in reply to something said, _an answer_, 354, 1494,
1841.
and-weard, adj. , _present, existing_: acc. sg. n. swīn ofer helme and-weard
(_the image of the boar, which stands on his helm_), 1288.
and-wlita, w. m. , _countenance_: acc. sg. -an, 690.
an-sund, adj. , _entirely unharmed_: nom. sg. m. , 1001.
an-sȳn, f. , _the state of being seen_: hence 1) _the exterior, the form_,
251: ansȳn ȳwde, _showed his form_, i. e. appeared, 2835. --2) _aspect,
appearance_, 929; on-sȳn, 2773.
an-walda, w. m. , _He who rules over all, God_, 1273. See Note.
atelīc, adj. , _terrible, dreadful_: atelīc egesa, 785.
atol, adj. (also eatol, 2075, etc. ), _hostile, frightful, cruel_: of
Grendel, 159, 165, 593, 2075, etc. ; of Grendel's mother's hands (dat. pl.
atolan), 1503; of the undulation of the waves, 849; of battle, 597,
2479. --cf. O. N. atall, fortis, strenuus.
attor, st. n. , _poison_, here of the poison of the dragon's bite: nom. ,
2716.
attor-sceaða, w. m. , _poisonous enemy, of the poisonous dragon_: gen. sg.
-sceaðan, 2840.
āwa, adv. (certainly not the dative, but a reduplicated form of ā, which
see), _ever_: āwa tō aldre, _fōr ever and ever_, 956.
Ā
ā, adv. (Goth, áiv, acc. from aiv-s aevum), _ever, always_, 455, 882, 931,
1479: ā syððan, _ever afterwards, ever, ever after_, 283, 2921. --_ever_,
780. --Comp. nā.
ād st. m. _funeral pile_: acc. sg. ād, 3139; dat. sg. āde, 1111, 1115.
ād-faru, st. f. , _way to the funeral pile_, dat. sg. on ād-fære, 3011.
ādl, st. f. _sickness_, 1737, 1764, 1849.
āð, st. m. , _oath in general_, 2740; _oath of allegiance_, 472 (? ); _oath
of reconciliation of two warring peoples_, 1098, 1108.
āð-sweord, st. n.
, _the solemn taking of an oath, the swearing of an oath_:
nom. pl. , 2065. See sweord.
āðum-swerian, m. pl. , _son-in-law and father-in-law_: dat. pl. , 84.
āgan, verb, pret. and pres. , _to have, to possess_, w. acc. : III. prs. sg.
āh, 1728; inf. āgan, 1089; prt. āhte, 487, 522, 533; with object, geweald,
to be supplied, 31. Form contracted with the negative: prs. sg. I. nāh hwā
sweord wege (_I have no one to wield the sword_), 2253.
āgen, adj. , _own, peculiar_, 2677.
āgend (prs. part. of āgan), _possessor, owner, lord_: gen. sg. āgendes, _of
God_, 3076. --Compounds: blǣd-, bold-, folc-, mægen-āgend.
āgend-frēa, w. m. , _owner, lord_: gen. sg. āgend-frēan, 1884.
āhsian, ge-āhsian, w. v. : 1) _to examine, to find out by inquiring_: pret.
part. ge-āhsod, 433. --2) _to experience, to endure_: pret. āhsode, 1207;
pl. āhsodon, 423.
āht, st. n. (contracted from ā-wiht, which see), _something, anything_: āht
cwices, 2315.
ān, num. The meaning of this word betrays its apparent demonstrative
character: 1) _this, that_, 2411, of the hall in the earth mentioned
before; similarly, 100 (of Grendel; already mentioned), cf. also 2775. --2)
_one_, a particular one among many, a single one, in numerical sense: ymb
āne niht (_the next night_), 135; þurh ānes cræft, 700; þāra ānum, 1038; ān
æfter ānum, _one for the other_ (Hrēðel for Herebeald), 2462: similarly, ān
æfter eallum, 2269; ānes hwæt, _some single thing, a part_, 3011; se ān
lēoda duguðe, _the one of the heroes of the people_, 2238; ānes willan,
_for the sake of a single one_, 3078, etc. --Hence, again, 3) _alone,
distinguished_, 1459, 1886. --4) _a_, in the sense of an indefinite article:
ān . . . fēond, 100; gen. sg. ānre bēne (or to No. 2[? ]), 428; ān . . . draca,
2211--5) gen. pl. ānra, in connection with a pronoun, _single_; ānra
gehwylces, _every single one_, 733; ānra gehwylcum, 785. Similarly, the
dat. pl. in this sense: nemne fēaum ānum, _except a few single ones_,
1082. --6) solus, _alone_: in the strong form, 1378, 2965; in the weak form,
145, 425, 431, 889, etc. ; with the gen. , āna Gēata duguðe, _alone of the
warriors of the Gēatas_, 2658. --7) solitarius, _alone, lonely_, see
ǣn. --Comp. nān.
ān-feald, adj. , _simple, plain, without reserve_: acc. sg. ānfealdne
geþōht, _simple opinion_, 256.
ān-genga, -gengea, w. m. , _he who goes alone_, of Grendel, 165, 449.
ān-haga, w. m. , _he who stands alone_, solitarius, 2369.
ān-hȳdig, adj. (like the O. N. ein-rād-r, _of one resolve_, i. e. of firm
resolve), _of one opinion_, i. e. firm, brave, decided, 2668.
ānga, adj. (only in the weak form), _single, only_: acc. sg. āngan dōhtor,
375, 2998; āngan eaferan, 1548; dat. sg. āngan brēðer, 1263.
ān-pæð, st. m. , _lonely way, path_: acc. pl. ānpaðas, 1411.
ān-rǣd, adj. (cf. under ān-hȳdig), _of firm resolution, resolved_, 1530,
1576.
ān-tīd, st. f. , _one time_, i. e. the same time, ymb ān-tīd ōðres dōgores,
_about the same time the second day_ (they sailed twenty-four hours),
219. --ān stands as in ān-mod, O. H. G. ein-muoti, _harmonious, of the same
disposition_.
ānunga, adv. , _throughout, entirely, wholly_, 635.
ār, st. m. , _ambassador, messenger_, 336, 2784.
ār, st. f. , 1) _honor, dignity_: ārum healdan, _to hold in honor_, 296;
similarly, 1100, 1183. --2) _favor, grace, support_: acc. sg. āre, 1273,
2607; dat. sg. āre, 2379; gen. pl. hwæt . . . ārna, 1188. --Comp. worold-ār;
also written ǣr.
ār-fæst, adj. , _honorable, upright_, 1169; of Hunferð (with reference to
588). See fæst.
ārian, w. v. , (_to be gracious_), _to spare_: III. sg. prs. w. dat. nǣnegum
ārað; of Grendel, 599.
ār-stæf, st. m. ,(elementum honoris), _grace, favor_: dat. pl. mid ārstafum,
317. --_Help, support_: dat. pl. for ār-stafum, _to the assistance_, 382,
458. See stæf.
āter-tēar, m. , _poisonous drop_: dat. pl. īren āter-tēarum fāh (steel which
is dipped in poison or in poisonous sap of plants), 1460.
Æ
æðele, adj. , _noble_: nom. sg. , of Bēowulf, 198, 1313; of Bēowulf's father,
263, where it can be understood as well in a moral as in a genealogical
sense; the latter prevails decidedly in the gen. sg. æðelan cynnes, 2235.
æðeling, st. m. , _nobleman, man of noble descent_, especially the
appellation of a man of royal birth; so of the kings of the Danes, 3; of
Scyld, 33; of Hrōðgār, 130; of Sigemund, 889; of Bēowulf, 1226, 1245, 1597,
1816, 2189, 2343, 2375, 2425, 2716, 3136; perhaps also of Dæghrefn,
2507;--then, in a broader sense, also denoting other noble-born men:
Æschere, 1295; Hrōðgār's courtiers, 118, 983; Heremōd's courtiers, 907;
Hengest's warriors, 1113; Bēowulf's retinue, 1805, 1921, 3172; noble-born
in general, 2889. --Comp. sib-æðeling.
æðelu, st. n. , only in the pl. , _noble descent, nobility_, in the sense of
noble lineage: acc. pl. æðelu, 392; dat. pl. cyning æðelum gōd, _the king,
of noble birth_, 1871; æðelum dīore, _worthy on account of noble lineage_,
1950; æðelum (hǣleþum, MS. ), 332. --Comp. fæder-æðelu.
æfnan, w. v. w. acc. , _to perform, to carry out, to accomplish_: inf.
ellen-weorc æfnan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1465; pret. unriht æfnde,
_perpetrated wrong_, 1255.
ge-æfnan, 1) _to carry out, to do, to accomplish_: pret. pl. þæt geæfndon
swā, _so carried that out_, 538; pret. part. āð wæs geæfned, _the oath was
sworn_, 1108. --2) _get ready, prepare_: pret. part. geæfned, 3107. See
efnan.
æfter (comparative of af, Ags. of, which see; hence it expresses the idea
of _forth, away, from, back_), a) adv. , _thereupon, afterwards_, 12, 341,
1390, 2155. --ic him æfter sceal, _I shall go after them_, 2817; in word
æfter cwæð, 315, the sense seems to be, _spoke back, having turned_; b)
prep.
opposition to Holtzmann (_Germania_, viii. 494), who supposes the wounded
man to be a Frisian, and folces hyrde to be their king, Finn. --_Beit. _ xii.
28.
l. 45. B. adopts Th. 's reading heresceorp unhrōr = _equipments
useless_. --_Beit. _ xii. 28.
l. 47. "Though wounded, they had retained their strength and activity in
battle. "--B. , _Beit. _ xii. 28.
GLOSSARY
A
ac, conj. denoting contrariety: hence 1) _but_ (like N. H. G. sondern), 109,
135, 339, etc. --2) _but_ (N. H. G. aber), _nevertheless_, 602, 697, etc. --3)
in direct questions: nonne, numquid, 1991.
āglǣca, āhlǣca, ǣglǣca, -cea, w. m. (cf. Goth, aglo, _trouble_, O. N. agi,
_terror_, + lāc, _gift, sport: = misery, vexation, = bringer of trouble_;
hence): 1) _evil spirit, demon, a demon-like being_; of Grendel, 159, 433,
593, etc. ; of the drake, 2535, 2906, etc. --2) _great hero, mighty warrior_;
of Sigemund, 894; of Bēowulf: gen. sg. āglǣcan(? ), 1513; of Bēowulf and the
drake: nom. pl. þā āglǣcean, 2593.
āglǣc-wīf, st. n. , _demon, devil, in the form of a woman_; of Grendel's
mother, 1260.
aldor. See ealdor.
al-wealda. See eal-w.
am-biht (from and-b. , Goth, and-baht-s), st. m. , _servant, man-servant_:
nom. sg. ombeht, of the coast-guard, 287; ombiht, of Wulfgār, 336.
ambiht-þegn (from ambiht n. officium and þegn, which see), _servant,
man-servant_: dat. sg. ombiht-þegne, of Bēowulf's servant, 674.
an, prep, with the dat. , _on, in, with respect to_, 678; _with, among, at,
upon_ (position after the governed word), 1936; with the acc. , 1248.
Elsewhere on, which see.
ancor, st. m. , _anchor_: dat. sg. ancre, 303, 1884.
ancor-bend, m. (? ) f. (? ), _anchor-cable_: dat. pl. oncer-bendum, 1919.
and, conj. (ond is usual form; for example, 601, 1149, 2041), and 33, 39,
40, etc. (See Appendix. )
anda, w. m. , _excitement, vexation, horror_: dat. wrāðum on andan, 709,
2315.
and-git, st. n. , _insight, understanding_: nom. sg. , 1060. See gitan.
and-hātor, st. m. n. , _heat coming against one_: gen. sg. rēðes
and-hāttres, 2524.
and-lang, -long, adj. , _very long. _ hence 1) _at whole length, raised up
high_: acc. andlongne eorl, 2696 (cf. Bugge upon this point, Zachers
Ztschr. , 4, 217). --2) _continual, entire_; andlangne dæg, 2116, _the whole
day_; andlonge niht, 2939.
and-lēan, st. n. , _reward, payment in full_: acc. sg. , 1542, 2095 (hand-,
hond-lean, MS. ).
and-risno, st. f. (see rīsan, surgere, decere), _that which is to be
observed, that which is proper, etiquette_: dat. pl. for andrysnum,
_according to etiquette_, 1797.
and-saca, w. m. , _adversary_: godes andsaca (Grendel), 787, 1683.
and-slyht, st. m. , _blow in return_: acc. sg. , 2930, 2973 (MS. both times
hond-slyht).
and-swaru, st. f. , _act of accosting_: 1) to persons coming up, _an
address_, 2861. --2) in reply to something said, _an answer_, 354, 1494,
1841.
and-weard, adj. , _present, existing_: acc. sg. n. swīn ofer helme and-weard
(_the image of the boar, which stands on his helm_), 1288.
and-wlita, w. m. , _countenance_: acc. sg. -an, 690.
an-sund, adj. , _entirely unharmed_: nom. sg. m. , 1001.
an-sȳn, f. , _the state of being seen_: hence 1) _the exterior, the form_,
251: ansȳn ȳwde, _showed his form_, i. e. appeared, 2835. --2) _aspect,
appearance_, 929; on-sȳn, 2773.
an-walda, w. m. , _He who rules over all, God_, 1273. See Note.
atelīc, adj. , _terrible, dreadful_: atelīc egesa, 785.
atol, adj. (also eatol, 2075, etc. ), _hostile, frightful, cruel_: of
Grendel, 159, 165, 593, 2075, etc. ; of Grendel's mother's hands (dat. pl.
atolan), 1503; of the undulation of the waves, 849; of battle, 597,
2479. --cf. O. N. atall, fortis, strenuus.
attor, st. n. , _poison_, here of the poison of the dragon's bite: nom. ,
2716.
attor-sceaða, w. m. , _poisonous enemy, of the poisonous dragon_: gen. sg.
-sceaðan, 2840.
āwa, adv. (certainly not the dative, but a reduplicated form of ā, which
see), _ever_: āwa tō aldre, _fōr ever and ever_, 956.
Ā
ā, adv. (Goth, áiv, acc. from aiv-s aevum), _ever, always_, 455, 882, 931,
1479: ā syððan, _ever afterwards, ever, ever after_, 283, 2921. --_ever_,
780. --Comp. nā.
ād st. m. _funeral pile_: acc. sg. ād, 3139; dat. sg. āde, 1111, 1115.
ād-faru, st. f. , _way to the funeral pile_, dat. sg. on ād-fære, 3011.
ādl, st. f. _sickness_, 1737, 1764, 1849.
āð, st. m. , _oath in general_, 2740; _oath of allegiance_, 472 (? ); _oath
of reconciliation of two warring peoples_, 1098, 1108.
āð-sweord, st. n.
, _the solemn taking of an oath, the swearing of an oath_:
nom. pl. , 2065. See sweord.
āðum-swerian, m. pl. , _son-in-law and father-in-law_: dat. pl. , 84.
āgan, verb, pret. and pres. , _to have, to possess_, w. acc. : III. prs. sg.
āh, 1728; inf. āgan, 1089; prt. āhte, 487, 522, 533; with object, geweald,
to be supplied, 31. Form contracted with the negative: prs. sg. I. nāh hwā
sweord wege (_I have no one to wield the sword_), 2253.
āgen, adj. , _own, peculiar_, 2677.
āgend (prs. part. of āgan), _possessor, owner, lord_: gen. sg. āgendes, _of
God_, 3076. --Compounds: blǣd-, bold-, folc-, mægen-āgend.
āgend-frēa, w. m. , _owner, lord_: gen. sg. āgend-frēan, 1884.
āhsian, ge-āhsian, w. v. : 1) _to examine, to find out by inquiring_: pret.
part. ge-āhsod, 433. --2) _to experience, to endure_: pret. āhsode, 1207;
pl. āhsodon, 423.
āht, st. n. (contracted from ā-wiht, which see), _something, anything_: āht
cwices, 2315.
ān, num. The meaning of this word betrays its apparent demonstrative
character: 1) _this, that_, 2411, of the hall in the earth mentioned
before; similarly, 100 (of Grendel; already mentioned), cf. also 2775. --2)
_one_, a particular one among many, a single one, in numerical sense: ymb
āne niht (_the next night_), 135; þurh ānes cræft, 700; þāra ānum, 1038; ān
æfter ānum, _one for the other_ (Hrēðel for Herebeald), 2462: similarly, ān
æfter eallum, 2269; ānes hwæt, _some single thing, a part_, 3011; se ān
lēoda duguðe, _the one of the heroes of the people_, 2238; ānes willan,
_for the sake of a single one_, 3078, etc. --Hence, again, 3) _alone,
distinguished_, 1459, 1886. --4) _a_, in the sense of an indefinite article:
ān . . . fēond, 100; gen. sg. ānre bēne (or to No. 2[? ]), 428; ān . . . draca,
2211--5) gen. pl. ānra, in connection with a pronoun, _single_; ānra
gehwylces, _every single one_, 733; ānra gehwylcum, 785. Similarly, the
dat. pl. in this sense: nemne fēaum ānum, _except a few single ones_,
1082. --6) solus, _alone_: in the strong form, 1378, 2965; in the weak form,
145, 425, 431, 889, etc. ; with the gen. , āna Gēata duguðe, _alone of the
warriors of the Gēatas_, 2658. --7) solitarius, _alone, lonely_, see
ǣn. --Comp. nān.
ān-feald, adj. , _simple, plain, without reserve_: acc. sg. ānfealdne
geþōht, _simple opinion_, 256.
ān-genga, -gengea, w. m. , _he who goes alone_, of Grendel, 165, 449.
ān-haga, w. m. , _he who stands alone_, solitarius, 2369.
ān-hȳdig, adj. (like the O. N. ein-rād-r, _of one resolve_, i. e. of firm
resolve), _of one opinion_, i. e. firm, brave, decided, 2668.
ānga, adj. (only in the weak form), _single, only_: acc. sg. āngan dōhtor,
375, 2998; āngan eaferan, 1548; dat. sg. āngan brēðer, 1263.
ān-pæð, st. m. , _lonely way, path_: acc. pl. ānpaðas, 1411.
ān-rǣd, adj. (cf. under ān-hȳdig), _of firm resolution, resolved_, 1530,
1576.
ān-tīd, st. f. , _one time_, i. e. the same time, ymb ān-tīd ōðres dōgores,
_about the same time the second day_ (they sailed twenty-four hours),
219. --ān stands as in ān-mod, O. H. G. ein-muoti, _harmonious, of the same
disposition_.
ānunga, adv. , _throughout, entirely, wholly_, 635.
ār, st. m. , _ambassador, messenger_, 336, 2784.
ār, st. f. , 1) _honor, dignity_: ārum healdan, _to hold in honor_, 296;
similarly, 1100, 1183. --2) _favor, grace, support_: acc. sg. āre, 1273,
2607; dat. sg. āre, 2379; gen. pl. hwæt . . . ārna, 1188. --Comp. worold-ār;
also written ǣr.
ār-fæst, adj. , _honorable, upright_, 1169; of Hunferð (with reference to
588). See fæst.
ārian, w. v. , (_to be gracious_), _to spare_: III. sg. prs. w. dat. nǣnegum
ārað; of Grendel, 599.
ār-stæf, st. m. ,(elementum honoris), _grace, favor_: dat. pl. mid ārstafum,
317. --_Help, support_: dat. pl. for ār-stafum, _to the assistance_, 382,
458. See stæf.
āter-tēar, m. , _poisonous drop_: dat. pl. īren āter-tēarum fāh (steel which
is dipped in poison or in poisonous sap of plants), 1460.
Æ
æðele, adj. , _noble_: nom. sg. , of Bēowulf, 198, 1313; of Bēowulf's father,
263, where it can be understood as well in a moral as in a genealogical
sense; the latter prevails decidedly in the gen. sg. æðelan cynnes, 2235.
æðeling, st. m. , _nobleman, man of noble descent_, especially the
appellation of a man of royal birth; so of the kings of the Danes, 3; of
Scyld, 33; of Hrōðgār, 130; of Sigemund, 889; of Bēowulf, 1226, 1245, 1597,
1816, 2189, 2343, 2375, 2425, 2716, 3136; perhaps also of Dæghrefn,
2507;--then, in a broader sense, also denoting other noble-born men:
Æschere, 1295; Hrōðgār's courtiers, 118, 983; Heremōd's courtiers, 907;
Hengest's warriors, 1113; Bēowulf's retinue, 1805, 1921, 3172; noble-born
in general, 2889. --Comp. sib-æðeling.
æðelu, st. n. , only in the pl. , _noble descent, nobility_, in the sense of
noble lineage: acc. pl. æðelu, 392; dat. pl. cyning æðelum gōd, _the king,
of noble birth_, 1871; æðelum dīore, _worthy on account of noble lineage_,
1950; æðelum (hǣleþum, MS. ), 332. --Comp. fæder-æðelu.
æfnan, w. v. w. acc. , _to perform, to carry out, to accomplish_: inf.
ellen-weorc æfnan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1465; pret. unriht æfnde,
_perpetrated wrong_, 1255.
ge-æfnan, 1) _to carry out, to do, to accomplish_: pret. pl. þæt geæfndon
swā, _so carried that out_, 538; pret. part. āð wæs geæfned, _the oath was
sworn_, 1108. --2) _get ready, prepare_: pret. part. geæfned, 3107. See
efnan.
æfter (comparative of af, Ags. of, which see; hence it expresses the idea
of _forth, away, from, back_), a) adv. , _thereupon, afterwards_, 12, 341,
1390, 2155. --ic him æfter sceal, _I shall go after them_, 2817; in word
æfter cwæð, 315, the sense seems to be, _spoke back, having turned_; b)
prep.
