171, and obtained Sar-
introduced
some scenic innovations, such as bring-
dinia as his province.
dinia as his province.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
77, iv.
3.
7, iv.
4.
43, said that he must have lived in or before the fourth
Pp. 331, 744, 800), and Nicolaus Myrepsus (De century after Christ. None of his writings are
Compos. Medicam. i. 239, 240, p. 411), and also extant, but numerous fragments are preserved by
by Avicenna (Canon, v. 2. 2, vol. ii. p. 249, ed. Aëtius (see Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. viii. p. 328, ed.
Arab. ), where the name is corrupted into Filo- vet. ). He is quoted also by Alexander Trallianus
desifis, in the old Latin version (vol. ii. p. 319, ed. (viii
. 5, 8, pp. 246, 251), and Rhazes (Cont.
1595), and into Phylocasanes by Sontheimer in ) v. 1).
[W. A. G. )
## p. 335 (#351) ############################################
PHILUS.
335
PHILYLLIUS.
ROMA
PHILUS, the name of a family of the patrician for Greek literature and refinement. He cultivated
Furia gens.
the society of the most learned Greeks, and was
1. P. Furius Sp. P. M. n. Philus, was consul himself a man of no small learning for those times.
B. C. 223 with C. Flaminius, and accompanied his He was particularly celebrated for the purity with
colleague in his campaign against the Gauls in the which he spoke his mother-tongue. He is intro-
north of Italy. [FLAMINIUS, No. 1. ] He was duced by Cicero as one of the speakers in his
elected praetor in the third year of the second dialogue De Republica, and is described by the
Punic war, B. c. 216, when he obtained the juris- latter as a man“ moderatissimus et continentis-
dictio inter cives Romanos et peregrinos ; and after simus. ” (Dion Cass. Fragm. lxxxv. p. 36, ed.
the fatal battle of Cannae in this year, he and his Reimar. ; Val. Max. iii. 7. $5; Cic. de Off. iii.
colleague M. Pomponius Matho summoned the 30, de Rep. iii. 18, Brut. 28, de Or. ii. 37, pro
senate to take measures for the defence of the city. Arch. 7, de Leg. Agr. ii. 24, de Rep. i. 11, ad Att.
Shortly afterwards he received the fleet from M. iv. 16, Lael. 4, 6, 19, 27. ) His praenomen was
Claudius Marcellus, with which he proceeded to Lucius, and not Publius, as it is erroneously given
Africa, but having been severely wounded in an in one passage of Cicero (ad Att. xii. 5. & 3), and
engagement off the coast he returned to Lily baeum. by many modern writers.
In B. c. 214 he was censor with M. Atilius Re- 6. M. Furius Philus, occurs only on coins, a
gulus, but he died at the beginning of the following specimen of which is annexed. The obverse re-
year, before the solemn purification (lustrum) of presents the head of Janus with the legend m.
the people had been performed ; and Regulus FOVRI, L. F. , the reverse Pallas or Rome crowning
accordingly, as was usual in such cases, resigned a trophy, and below Phili.
his office. These censors visited with severity all
persons who had failed in their duty to their
country during the great calamities which Rome had
lately experienced. They reduced to the condition
of aerarians all the young nobles, who had formed
the project of leaving Italy after the battle of
Cannae, among whom was L. Caecilius Metellus,
who was quaestor in the year of their consulship,
R:
B. c. 214. As, however, Metellus was elected
tribune of the plebs for the following year not-
withstanding this degradation, he attempted to
bring the censors to trial before the people, imme-
COIN OF M. FURIUS PHIL US.
diately after entering upon his office, but was pre-
vented by the other tribunes from prosecuting such L. PHILU'SCIUS, was proscribed by Sulla
an unprecedented course. [METELLUS, No. 3. ] and escaped, but was again proscribed by the
Philus was also one of the augurs at the time of triumvirs in B. C. 43, and perished. (Dion Cass.
his death. (Liv. xxii. 35, 55, 57, xxiii. 21, xxiv. xlvii. 11. )
11, 18, 43, xxv. 2 ; Val. Max. ii. 9. & 8. )
PHI'LYRA (Pilúpa). 1. A daughter of
2. P. Furius Philus, the son of the preceding, Oceanus, and the mother of Cheiron by Cronus.
informed Scipio in B. c. 216, after the battle of (Pind. Nem. iii. 82 ; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1241 ;
Cannae, of the design of L. Caecilius Metellus and comp. CHEIRON. )
others to leave Italy, to which reference has been 2. The wife of Nauplius, according to some tra-
made above. (Liv. xxii. 53. )
ditions, for she is commonly called Clymene (Apol-
3. P. Furius Philus, praetor B. c. 174, ob- lod. ii. 1. $ 4).
[L. S. )
tained Nearer Spain as his province. On his PHILY'LLIUS (HINÚAtos), an Athenian
return to Rome he was accused by the provincials comic poet, contemporary with Diocles and Sannyrion
of repetundae. The elder Cato spoke against him :(Suid. 8. v. Alokañs). He belongs to the latter
on the first hearing the case was adjourned (ampli- part of the Old Comedy, and the beginning of the
atus), but fearing a condemnation, when it came Middle ; for, on the one hand, he seems to have
on again, Philus went into exile to Praeneste, B. c. attained to some distinction before the time when
171. (Liv. xli. 21, xliii. 2 ; Cic. in Caecil. Div. 20; the Ecclesiazusae of Aristophanes was acted, B. C.
Pseudo-Ascon. in loc. p. 124, ed. Orelli ; Meyer, 392 (Schol. ad Aristoph. Plut. 1195), and, on the
Orat. Rom. Fragm. p. 97, 2nd ed. )
other, nearly all the titles of his plays belong evi-
4. L. Furius Philus, probably brother of the dently to the Middle Comedy. He is said to have
preceding, was praetor B. c.
171, and obtained Sar- introduced some scenic innovations, such as bring-
dinia as his province. He was one of the ponti- ing lighted torches on the stage (Schol. Plut. l. c. ;
fices, and died in B. c. 170. (Liv. xlii. 28, 31, Ath. xv. 700, e. ). With regard to his language,
xliii. 13. )
Meineke mentions a few words and phrases, which
5. L. Furius Philus, was consul B. c. 136 are not pure Attic. His name is corrupted by the
with Sex. Atilius Serranus. He received Spain Greek lexicographers and others into XALOS,
as his province, and was commissioned by the plaîos, aos, Palúdeos, and other forms.
senate to deliver up to the Numantines C. Hos. The following titles of his plays are given by
tilius Mancinus, the consul of the preceding year. Suidas and Eudocia, and in the following order :-
[MANCINUs, No. 3. ] On that occasion Philus Αιγεύς, Αύγη, "Αντεια (εταίρας όνομα), Δωδεκάτη,
took with him as legati Q. Pompeius and Q. Μe- Ηρακλής, Πλύντρια η Ναυσικάα, Πόλις (better
tellus, two of his greatest enemies, that they might πόλεις), Φρεωρύχος, Αταλάντη, Ελένη, where the
be compelled to bear witness to his uprightness and last two titles look suspicious, as being out of the
integrity.
alphabetical order. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec.
A contemporary of the younger Scipio and of vol. i. pp. 258–261) ii. pp. 857—866 ; Bergk,
Laelius, Philus participated with them in a love Comment, de Reliq. Com. Att. Ant. p. 428. ) [P. S. ]
## p. 336 (#352) ############################################
836
PIIINEUS.
PHINTIAS.
PHINEUS (Diveús). 1. A son of Belus ard | But the larpre, as well as her pursner, was worn
Anchinoe, and brother of Aegyptus, Danaus, and out with fatigue, and fell down. Both Harpres
Cepheus. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 4 ; comp. PERSBUR) were allowed to live on condition that they would
2. One of the sons of Lycaon. (Apollod. ii. no longer molest Phineus (comp. Schol ad Apollon.
8. § 1. )
Rhod. ii. 286, 297 ; Tzetz. Chil, i. 217). Phineus
3. A son of Agenor, and king of Salmydessus in now explained to the Argonauts the further course
Thrace (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 178, 237 ; Schol. ad they had to take, and especially cautioned thein
eund. ii. 177). Some traditions called him a son against the Symplegades (Apollod. i. 3. $ 21, &c. ).
of Phoenix and Cassiepeia, and a grandson of According to another story the Argonauts, on their
Agenor (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 178), while arrival at the place of Phineus, found the sons of
others again call him a son of Poseidon (Apollod. Phineus half buried, and demanded their liberation,
i. 9. & 21). Some accounts, moreover, make him a which Phineus refused. The Argonauts used force,
king in Paphlagonia or in Arcadia. (Schol. od and a battle ensued, in which Phineus was slain by
Apollon. Rhod. 1. c. ; Serv. ad den. iii. 209. ) He Heracles. The latter also delivered Cleopatra from
was first married to Cleopatra, the daughter of her confinement, and restored the kingdom to the
Boreas and Oreithyia, by whom he had two sons of Phineus, and on their advice he also sent
children, Oryithus (Oarthus) and Crambis (some the second wife of Phineus back to her father, who
call them Parthenius and Crambis, Schol. ad Apollox. ordered her to be put to death (Diod. iv. 43 ; Schol.
Rhod. ii. 140; Plexippus and Pandion, Apollod. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 207 ; Apollod. iii. 15. $ 3).
iii. 15. & 3; Gerymbas and A spondus, Schol. ad Some traditions, lastly, state that Phineus was
Soph. Antig. 977 ; or Polydectus and Polydorus, killed by Boreas, or that he was carried off by the
Ov. Ib. 273). Afterwards he was married to Harpyes into the country of the Bistones or Mile
Idaea (some call her Dia, Eurytia, or Eidothea, chessians, (Orph. Argon. 675, &c. ; Strab. vii.
Schol, ad Apollon. Rhod. l. c. ; Schol. ad Hom. Od. p. 302. ) Those accounts in which Phineus is
xii. 70 ; Schol. ad Soph. Antig. 980), by whom he stated to have blinded his sons, add that they had
again had two sons, Thynus and Mariandynus. their sight restored to them by the sons of Boreas,
(Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 140, 178; Apollod. or by Asclepius. (Orph. Argon. 674 ; Schol. ad
ii. 15. § 3. )
Pind. Pyth. xii. 96. )
[LS]
Phineus was a blind soothsayer, who had re- PHI'NTIAS (pirtlas). 1. A Pythagorean, the
ceived his prophetic powers from Apollo (Apollon. friend of Damon, who was condemned to die by
Rhod. ii. 180). The cause of his blindness is not Dionysius the elder. The well-known anecdote of
the same in all accounts ; according to some he their friendship, and the effect produced by it on
was blinded by the gods for having imprudently the tyrant, has been already related under DAMON.
communicated to mortals the divine counsels of Valerius Maximus writes the name Pythias ; but
Zeus about the future (Apollod. i. 9. & 21); accord- Cicero follows the Greek authors in adopting the
ing to others Aeetes, on hearing that the sons of form Phintias,
Phrixus had been saved by Phineus, cursed him, 2. Tyrant of Agrigentum, who appears to have
and Helios hearing the curse, carried it into effect established his power orer that city during the
by blinding him (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 207, period of confusion which followed the death of
comp. 181); others again relate, that Boreas or Agathocles (B. C. 289), about the same time that
the Argonauts blinded him for his conduct towards Hicetas obtained the chief command at Syracuse.
his sons (Serv. ad Aen. iii. 209). He is most War soon broke out between these two despots,
celebrated in ancient story on account of his being in which Phintias was defeated near Hy bla. But
exposed to the annoyances of the Harpyes, who this success having induced Hicetas to engage
were sent to him by the gods for his cruelty towards with a more formidable enemy, the Carthaginians,
his sons by the first marriage. His second wife he was defeated in his turn, and Phintias, who
charged them with having behaved improperly to was probably in alliance with that power, was now
her, and Phineus punished them by putting their able to extend his authority over a considerable
eyes out (Soph. Antig. 973), or, according to others, part of Sicily. Among the cities subject to his
by exposing them to be devoured by wild beasts rule we find mention of Agyrium, which is a suffi-
(Orph. Argon. 671), or by ordering them to be cient proof of the extent of his dominions. He at
half buried in the earth, and then to be scourged the same time made a display of bis wealth and
(Diod. iv. 44 ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod.
Pp. 331, 744, 800), and Nicolaus Myrepsus (De century after Christ. None of his writings are
Compos. Medicam. i. 239, 240, p. 411), and also extant, but numerous fragments are preserved by
by Avicenna (Canon, v. 2. 2, vol. ii. p. 249, ed. Aëtius (see Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. viii. p. 328, ed.
Arab. ), where the name is corrupted into Filo- vet. ). He is quoted also by Alexander Trallianus
desifis, in the old Latin version (vol. ii. p. 319, ed. (viii
. 5, 8, pp. 246, 251), and Rhazes (Cont.
1595), and into Phylocasanes by Sontheimer in ) v. 1).
[W. A. G. )
## p. 335 (#351) ############################################
PHILUS.
335
PHILYLLIUS.
ROMA
PHILUS, the name of a family of the patrician for Greek literature and refinement. He cultivated
Furia gens.
the society of the most learned Greeks, and was
1. P. Furius Sp. P. M. n. Philus, was consul himself a man of no small learning for those times.
B. C. 223 with C. Flaminius, and accompanied his He was particularly celebrated for the purity with
colleague in his campaign against the Gauls in the which he spoke his mother-tongue. He is intro-
north of Italy. [FLAMINIUS, No. 1. ] He was duced by Cicero as one of the speakers in his
elected praetor in the third year of the second dialogue De Republica, and is described by the
Punic war, B. c. 216, when he obtained the juris- latter as a man“ moderatissimus et continentis-
dictio inter cives Romanos et peregrinos ; and after simus. ” (Dion Cass. Fragm. lxxxv. p. 36, ed.
the fatal battle of Cannae in this year, he and his Reimar. ; Val. Max. iii. 7. $5; Cic. de Off. iii.
colleague M. Pomponius Matho summoned the 30, de Rep. iii. 18, Brut. 28, de Or. ii. 37, pro
senate to take measures for the defence of the city. Arch. 7, de Leg. Agr. ii. 24, de Rep. i. 11, ad Att.
Shortly afterwards he received the fleet from M. iv. 16, Lael. 4, 6, 19, 27. ) His praenomen was
Claudius Marcellus, with which he proceeded to Lucius, and not Publius, as it is erroneously given
Africa, but having been severely wounded in an in one passage of Cicero (ad Att. xii. 5. & 3), and
engagement off the coast he returned to Lily baeum. by many modern writers.
In B. c. 214 he was censor with M. Atilius Re- 6. M. Furius Philus, occurs only on coins, a
gulus, but he died at the beginning of the following specimen of which is annexed. The obverse re-
year, before the solemn purification (lustrum) of presents the head of Janus with the legend m.
the people had been performed ; and Regulus FOVRI, L. F. , the reverse Pallas or Rome crowning
accordingly, as was usual in such cases, resigned a trophy, and below Phili.
his office. These censors visited with severity all
persons who had failed in their duty to their
country during the great calamities which Rome had
lately experienced. They reduced to the condition
of aerarians all the young nobles, who had formed
the project of leaving Italy after the battle of
Cannae, among whom was L. Caecilius Metellus,
who was quaestor in the year of their consulship,
R:
B. c. 214. As, however, Metellus was elected
tribune of the plebs for the following year not-
withstanding this degradation, he attempted to
bring the censors to trial before the people, imme-
COIN OF M. FURIUS PHIL US.
diately after entering upon his office, but was pre-
vented by the other tribunes from prosecuting such L. PHILU'SCIUS, was proscribed by Sulla
an unprecedented course. [METELLUS, No. 3. ] and escaped, but was again proscribed by the
Philus was also one of the augurs at the time of triumvirs in B. C. 43, and perished. (Dion Cass.
his death. (Liv. xxii. 35, 55, 57, xxiii. 21, xxiv. xlvii. 11. )
11, 18, 43, xxv. 2 ; Val. Max. ii. 9. & 8. )
PHI'LYRA (Pilúpa). 1. A daughter of
2. P. Furius Philus, the son of the preceding, Oceanus, and the mother of Cheiron by Cronus.
informed Scipio in B. c. 216, after the battle of (Pind. Nem. iii. 82 ; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1241 ;
Cannae, of the design of L. Caecilius Metellus and comp. CHEIRON. )
others to leave Italy, to which reference has been 2. The wife of Nauplius, according to some tra-
made above. (Liv. xxii. 53. )
ditions, for she is commonly called Clymene (Apol-
3. P. Furius Philus, praetor B. c. 174, ob- lod. ii. 1. $ 4).
[L. S. )
tained Nearer Spain as his province. On his PHILY'LLIUS (HINÚAtos), an Athenian
return to Rome he was accused by the provincials comic poet, contemporary with Diocles and Sannyrion
of repetundae. The elder Cato spoke against him :(Suid. 8. v. Alokañs). He belongs to the latter
on the first hearing the case was adjourned (ampli- part of the Old Comedy, and the beginning of the
atus), but fearing a condemnation, when it came Middle ; for, on the one hand, he seems to have
on again, Philus went into exile to Praeneste, B. c. attained to some distinction before the time when
171. (Liv. xli. 21, xliii. 2 ; Cic. in Caecil. Div. 20; the Ecclesiazusae of Aristophanes was acted, B. C.
Pseudo-Ascon. in loc. p. 124, ed. Orelli ; Meyer, 392 (Schol. ad Aristoph. Plut. 1195), and, on the
Orat. Rom. Fragm. p. 97, 2nd ed. )
other, nearly all the titles of his plays belong evi-
4. L. Furius Philus, probably brother of the dently to the Middle Comedy. He is said to have
preceding, was praetor B. c.
171, and obtained Sar- introduced some scenic innovations, such as bring-
dinia as his province. He was one of the ponti- ing lighted torches on the stage (Schol. Plut. l. c. ;
fices, and died in B. c. 170. (Liv. xlii. 28, 31, Ath. xv. 700, e. ). With regard to his language,
xliii. 13. )
Meineke mentions a few words and phrases, which
5. L. Furius Philus, was consul B. c. 136 are not pure Attic. His name is corrupted by the
with Sex. Atilius Serranus. He received Spain Greek lexicographers and others into XALOS,
as his province, and was commissioned by the plaîos, aos, Palúdeos, and other forms.
senate to deliver up to the Numantines C. Hos. The following titles of his plays are given by
tilius Mancinus, the consul of the preceding year. Suidas and Eudocia, and in the following order :-
[MANCINUs, No. 3. ] On that occasion Philus Αιγεύς, Αύγη, "Αντεια (εταίρας όνομα), Δωδεκάτη,
took with him as legati Q. Pompeius and Q. Μe- Ηρακλής, Πλύντρια η Ναυσικάα, Πόλις (better
tellus, two of his greatest enemies, that they might πόλεις), Φρεωρύχος, Αταλάντη, Ελένη, where the
be compelled to bear witness to his uprightness and last two titles look suspicious, as being out of the
integrity.
alphabetical order. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec.
A contemporary of the younger Scipio and of vol. i. pp. 258–261) ii. pp. 857—866 ; Bergk,
Laelius, Philus participated with them in a love Comment, de Reliq. Com. Att. Ant. p. 428. ) [P. S. ]
## p. 336 (#352) ############################################
836
PIIINEUS.
PHINTIAS.
PHINEUS (Diveús). 1. A son of Belus ard | But the larpre, as well as her pursner, was worn
Anchinoe, and brother of Aegyptus, Danaus, and out with fatigue, and fell down. Both Harpres
Cepheus. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 4 ; comp. PERSBUR) were allowed to live on condition that they would
2. One of the sons of Lycaon. (Apollod. ii. no longer molest Phineus (comp. Schol ad Apollon.
8. § 1. )
Rhod. ii. 286, 297 ; Tzetz. Chil, i. 217). Phineus
3. A son of Agenor, and king of Salmydessus in now explained to the Argonauts the further course
Thrace (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 178, 237 ; Schol. ad they had to take, and especially cautioned thein
eund. ii. 177). Some traditions called him a son against the Symplegades (Apollod. i. 3. $ 21, &c. ).
of Phoenix and Cassiepeia, and a grandson of According to another story the Argonauts, on their
Agenor (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 178), while arrival at the place of Phineus, found the sons of
others again call him a son of Poseidon (Apollod. Phineus half buried, and demanded their liberation,
i. 9. & 21). Some accounts, moreover, make him a which Phineus refused. The Argonauts used force,
king in Paphlagonia or in Arcadia. (Schol. od and a battle ensued, in which Phineus was slain by
Apollon. Rhod. 1. c. ; Serv. ad den. iii. 209. ) He Heracles. The latter also delivered Cleopatra from
was first married to Cleopatra, the daughter of her confinement, and restored the kingdom to the
Boreas and Oreithyia, by whom he had two sons of Phineus, and on their advice he also sent
children, Oryithus (Oarthus) and Crambis (some the second wife of Phineus back to her father, who
call them Parthenius and Crambis, Schol. ad Apollox. ordered her to be put to death (Diod. iv. 43 ; Schol.
Rhod. ii. 140; Plexippus and Pandion, Apollod. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 207 ; Apollod. iii. 15. $ 3).
iii. 15. & 3; Gerymbas and A spondus, Schol. ad Some traditions, lastly, state that Phineus was
Soph. Antig. 977 ; or Polydectus and Polydorus, killed by Boreas, or that he was carried off by the
Ov. Ib. 273). Afterwards he was married to Harpyes into the country of the Bistones or Mile
Idaea (some call her Dia, Eurytia, or Eidothea, chessians, (Orph. Argon. 675, &c. ; Strab. vii.
Schol, ad Apollon. Rhod. l. c. ; Schol. ad Hom. Od. p. 302. ) Those accounts in which Phineus is
xii. 70 ; Schol. ad Soph. Antig. 980), by whom he stated to have blinded his sons, add that they had
again had two sons, Thynus and Mariandynus. their sight restored to them by the sons of Boreas,
(Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 140, 178; Apollod. or by Asclepius. (Orph. Argon. 674 ; Schol. ad
ii. 15. § 3. )
Pind. Pyth. xii. 96. )
[LS]
Phineus was a blind soothsayer, who had re- PHI'NTIAS (pirtlas). 1. A Pythagorean, the
ceived his prophetic powers from Apollo (Apollon. friend of Damon, who was condemned to die by
Rhod. ii. 180). The cause of his blindness is not Dionysius the elder. The well-known anecdote of
the same in all accounts ; according to some he their friendship, and the effect produced by it on
was blinded by the gods for having imprudently the tyrant, has been already related under DAMON.
communicated to mortals the divine counsels of Valerius Maximus writes the name Pythias ; but
Zeus about the future (Apollod. i. 9. & 21); accord- Cicero follows the Greek authors in adopting the
ing to others Aeetes, on hearing that the sons of form Phintias,
Phrixus had been saved by Phineus, cursed him, 2. Tyrant of Agrigentum, who appears to have
and Helios hearing the curse, carried it into effect established his power orer that city during the
by blinding him (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 207, period of confusion which followed the death of
comp. 181); others again relate, that Boreas or Agathocles (B. C. 289), about the same time that
the Argonauts blinded him for his conduct towards Hicetas obtained the chief command at Syracuse.
his sons (Serv. ad Aen. iii. 209). He is most War soon broke out between these two despots,
celebrated in ancient story on account of his being in which Phintias was defeated near Hy bla. But
exposed to the annoyances of the Harpyes, who this success having induced Hicetas to engage
were sent to him by the gods for his cruelty towards with a more formidable enemy, the Carthaginians,
his sons by the first marriage. His second wife he was defeated in his turn, and Phintias, who
charged them with having behaved improperly to was probably in alliance with that power, was now
her, and Phineus punished them by putting their able to extend his authority over a considerable
eyes out (Soph. Antig. 973), or, according to others, part of Sicily. Among the cities subject to his
by exposing them to be devoured by wild beasts rule we find mention of Agyrium, which is a suffi-
(Orph. Argon. 671), or by ordering them to be cient proof of the extent of his dominions. He at
half buried in the earth, and then to be scourged the same time made a display of bis wealth and
(Diod. iv. 44 ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod.
