Then fol-
lowed : “Tuva) (1862); Helena, a Woman's
History) (1863); (Three Years and Three
Days) (1864); (The Gypsy's Son (1866), which
is regarded as her most perfect work.
lowed : “Tuva) (1862); Helena, a Woman's
History) (1863); (Three Years and Three
Days) (1864); (The Gypsy's Son (1866), which
is regarded as her most perfect work.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
He is at once one of the most popular
and most prolific of the peninsula's versifiers;
in Moral and Political Fables) and (Colon
his talent is most at home, although Doloras)
(Sorrows), a collection of poems in which he
gives expression to the best in contemporary
Spanish ideals, has attracted most attention.
His stories in verse, (The Good and the Wise)
and Juana's Loves) more particularly, are
deemed by many his masterpieces; but his
plays -- among them Dies Iræ,' a drama-are
not without a claim to that distinction. He
has written, as well, on political and social sub-
jects in sonorous prose.
Camprodon, Francisco (käm-pro-don'). A
Spanish dramatist; born at Vich, Catalonia,
1816; died at Havana, 1870. His masterpiece
is (The Flower of a Day,' written in euphoni-
ous and well-scanned metre, and a drama of
no ordinary merit; a sequel to it, entitled
(Thorns of a Flower,' being published after-
wards.
Cañete, Manuel (kän-yā'te). A Spanish
poet and dramatist; born at Seville, Aug. 6,
1822; died in Madrid, Nov. 4, 1891. A volume
of Poems) first drew popular attention to his
genius, which is strong in lyric compositions
and in odes, but strongest in the drama, as
(A Dispute in Granada) and (The Flower of
Bresalú) denote. His studies in dramatic criti-
cism, especially those of the infancy of the
Spanish theatre, possess a permanent value as
contributions to history, in addition to their
merits as specimens of a correct taste and an
almost faultless style.
Canini, Marco Antonio (kä-nē'nē). An
Italian poet and political agitator (1822-91);
born at Venice. He fled from Italy in 1849
and took refuge in Greece. He published, at
Athens, a volume of poems: Mind, Fancy,
and Heart' (1852). Returning to Italy in 1859,
he edited journals in various cities. He wrote
a novel in verse, (George the Monk and Leila. )
Another collection of his poems, Love and
Sorrow, was published in 1880; he has also
issued (The Book of Love, a volume of trans-
lations of love songs from nearly 150 languages.
Canis, Jean (kä-nē' or kä-nis'). A French
historian; born in Paris, Nov. 20, 1840. His
realistic style, vivid narration, and scholarly
impartiality have attracted special attention to
two of his productions: (The Massacres in
Ireland,' and History of the French Republic
from 1870 to 1883. )
Canivet, Charles Alfred (kä-nē-vā'). A
French journalist, novelist, and poet ; born in
Valognes, Manche, Feb. 10, 1839. His repu-
tation was made by a series of articles in
the Soleil, under the pseudonym of «Jean de
Nivelle)); but in fiction he is well known as
the author of word-pictures of Normandy life,
among them Poor Devils) and “The Organ-
ist's Niece. His "Lost Colonies) is an account
of the French forfeiture of India and of Can-
ada through an impotent foreign policy; and
his best poetry is probably in the collection
Along the Coast.
Canizares, José (kän-yē-thär'es). A Span-
ish dramatist; born in Madrid, July 4, 1676;
died there, Sept. 4, 1750. His precocity, of
which much is made, took the form of dra-
matic composition, in which he excelled at four-
teen; nor was he much older when his (Balance
Sheets (or Accounts) of the Great Captain)
was completed, - a historical play made note-
worthy by one scene of infinite effectiveness.
The Spanish stage owes to him, moreover,
(What Passes from Sceptre to Sceptre); (Eng.
land's Cruelty); and other productions of merit.
Canning, George. An English statesman,
orator, and writer; born in London, April 11,
1770; died at Chiswick, Aug. 8, 1827. A Liberal
in extreme youth, he early joined the Tory
party, distinguished himself as wit and Parlia.
mentary manager, held repeated Cabinet office,
and became Premier in the last year of his
life. He had grown more Liberal in his later
years, sickened at the stagnant and cruel re-
actionism that followed the panic over the
French Revolution, and assisted the South-
American republics to obtain independence.
His contributions to pure literature were mostly
contained in the short-lived Anti-Jacobin, a
Tory periodical after the fashion of the previous
Whig Rolliad, and full of wit; among them
are (The Needy Knife-Grinder,' and (The
Rovers, which contains (The University of
Gottingen. His speeches, however, are often
genuine literary productions; they were pub-
lished after his death, greatly altered (largely
for the worse) from their for as delivered. *
Cannizzaro, Tommaso (kän-its-är'o). An
Italian poet; born in Messina, Aug. 17, 1838.
The volume of poems styled 'In Solitude)
shows him an idealist, and perhaps symbolist.
He uses the French language with dexterity
and grace in “Thorns and Roses,' another vol.
ume of verse.
Cannon, Charles James. An American
novelist, poet, and dramatist; born in New
York city, Nov. 4, 1800; died there, Nov. 9,
1860. His publications include: (Ravellings
from the Web of Life) (1856); Dramas)
(1857); (The Poet's Quest); (Father Felix, a
Catholic Story); Dolores, a Tragedy); and
(Better Late than Never,' a drama (1852). He
compiled a “Practical English Spelling Book,'
and series of Readers.
Canonge, Jules (kä-nônzh). A French poet;
born in Nîmes, March 20, 1812; died March
14, 1870. His delicate poesy is preserved in
(Preludes) (1835); (Tasso at Sorrento'; and
(Olim (1859); besides other volumes, in addi-
tion to which he turned his attention to legend
and story and produced worthy prose.
## p. 93 (#109) #############################################
CÁNOVAS DEL CASTILLO-CARCANO
93
Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio (kä'nõ-väs
del käs-tēl'yo). A distinguished Spanish states-
man and man of letters; born in Malaga, Feb.
8, 1826; assassinated at the baths of Santa
Aqueda, Aug. 8, 1897. In his 25th year he
was editor of the Conservative journal Patria,
and in 1854 entered the public service as mem-
ber of the Cortes; thereafter he held vari-
ous posts in the government. At his death
he had been for some years prime minister.
He is author of Literary Studies) (2 vols. ,
1868); (History of the Austrian Dominion in
Spain) (1869); Problems of the Time) (2
vols. , 1884); (Studies on the Reign of Philip
IV? (3 vols. , 1888-90). He was editor-in-chief
of a "General History of Spain, consisting of
monographs by sundry writers, of which the
first volume appeared in 1890.
Cano y Masas, Leopoldo (kä'nō ē mäs'äs).
A distinguished Spanish poet and dramatist;
born at Valladolid, Nov. 13, 1844. He graduated
from the Spanish Military Academy at Madrid
(1865), and was appointed professor of analyt.
ical and descriptive geometry there in 1867, re-
tiring in 1885. His first comedy was (Laurels
of a Poet) (1852). His many other plays in-
clude: (The Code of Honor); (Modern Idola.
try); and (The Death of Lucretia. He is the
author of a volume of poems, Arrows.
Cantacuzenus, John (kan''ta-kū-zē'nus).
Emperor of Constantinople; born in the twelfth
century (? ); died after 1355. His (Byzantine
History' is a noted work.
Cantemir or Kantemir, Prince Antiochus
(kan'te-mer). See Kantemir.
Cantoni, Carlo (kän-to'nē). An Italian phi-
losopher; born in Grapello, Pavia, November
1840. For years he has expounded the Kantian
philosophy, attaining an international fame
with his "Lectures on the Human Understand-
ing); “Immanuel Kant); and (The Philosoph-
ical-Literary Faculty in its Relation to Scientific
and National Education.
Cantù, Cesare (kän-to'). An Italian his-
torian; born at Brivio, Lombardy, Dec. 2, 1805;
died near Milan, March 11, 1895. Imprisoned
for political causes in 1833, he employed his
leisure in writing a historical romance, Mar-
gherita Pusterla) (1838), one of the most suc-
cessful of modern Italian romances; it gives a
graphic picture of prison life. He wrote nu-
merous historical and biographical works;
his Universal History) (35 vols. ) has passed
through several editions, and has been trans-
lated into other languages. *
Capecelatro, Alphonse, Cardinal (kä''pe-
chel-at'ro). An Italian Pietist biographer and
controversialist; born in Marseilles, Feb. 5, 1824.
He has won distinction as Italy's leading con-
temporary Church writer, with a (History of
St. Catherine of Siena and of the Papacy of
her Day) (1856); (The Errors of Renan); a
Life of Jesus); and a Life of St. Philip of
Neri) (1882).
Capefigue, Baptiste Honoré Raymond (käp-
fēg'). A French historian and journalist; born
in Marseilles, 1802; died in Paris, Dec. 23, 1872.
His contributions to historical science are the
(History of Philip Augustus (1829); and His-
tory of the Restoration and of the Causes that
Led to the Fall of the Elder Branch of the
House of Bourbon) (1831).
Capen, Nahum (kā'pen). An American his-
torical writer; born at Canton, Mass. , 1804;
died 1886. Postmaster of Boston, Mass. (1857-
61), he introduced street letter-box collections.
He wrote: (The Republic of the United
States); History of Democracy) (1874); etc.
He also wrote and edited works on phrenology.
Capern, Edward. An English poet; born
at Tiverton, Devonshire, Jan. 29, 1819. He at.
tracted the notice of Walter Savage Landor
in consequence of the beauty and feeling of
his poems, mostly descriptive of popular life
and character in his native county, where he
was long in the mail service, and known in
consequence as “The Rural Postman of Bide-
ford. " His best work is in (Wayside Warbles);
"Sungleams and Shadows); and (Ballads and
Songs.
Capponi, Gino, Marchese (käp-o'nē). An
Italian historian and scholar; born in Florence,
Sept. 14, 1792; died there, Feb. 3, 1876. A
(History of the Florentine Republic) (1875) is
his chief work.
Capuana, Luigi (kä-pū-ä'nä). An Italian
poet, novelist, and critic; born at Mineo, Sicily,
May 27, 1839. Having devoted himself to jour-
nalism, he settled (1864) in Florence, where he
wrote dramatic criticisms; from 1868 until 1877
he lived in his native town, then in Milan,
again as a journalist. His best-known work is
(Giacinta) (1879), a naturalistic novel. Besides
this he published several volumes of short
stories, among them: Profiles of Women)
(1881); (Homo) (1883); and two collections of
charming fairy tales: Once upon a Time)
(1882) and Fairy Land” (1883). A curious
specimen of rhythmical prose is his (Semi-
Rhythms) (1888), in praise of worldly joy and
beauty.
Carayon, Auguste (kä-ri-yön or kä-rā-yôn).
A French historian; born at Saumur, March
31, 1813; died at Poitiers, May 15, 1874. A
distinguished Jesuit, he wrote: (First Canadian
Missions of the Jesuits) (1864); (Banishment
of the Jesuits from Louisiana) (1865); and
similar studies.
Carcano, Giulio (kär-kä'no). An Italian
poet (1812-84); born in Milan. He wrote a
narrative poem, Ida Della Torre,' while a
student at Pavia (1834). His next work, (An-
giola Maria) (1839), had extraordinary success;
it is a deeply sympathetic story of Italian fam-
ily life, and is regarded as the highest type of
that class in Italian. In the same vein is the
volume (Simple Narratives' (1843). He wrote
also (Damiano, the Story of a Poor Family)
3
## p. 94 (#110) #############################################
CÁRDENAS Y RODRIGUEZ-CARLETON
94
(
He had pre-
(
(1851), and (Twelve Tales) (1856). He pub-
lished translations of several of Shakespeare's
plays. His latest volume of poetry was (Vari.
ous Poems) (1875). Among his later novels
are (Gabrio and Camilla, a Milanese Story)
(1874); and “Carlo Barbiano) (1882).
Cárdenas y Rodriguez, José M. de (kär'dā.
näs ē rõ-drē'ges). A Cuban poet and prose-
writer; born at Matanzas in 1812; died in
1882. Many of his humorous sketches of Cuban
life have been translated into French and pub-
lished in the Revue des Deux Mondes. Be-
sides a good comedy, (A Deaf Uncle,' he has
written a collection of fables, some of which
have been translated into English; and numer-
ous poems.
Cárdenas y Rodriguez, Nicolás de. A
Cuban poet and novelist; born in Havana,
1814; died in 1868. His works comprise :
(Poetical Essays) (1836); (Scenes from Life
in Cuba) (1841); (The Two Weddings,' a
novel (1844); Diego de Velazquez,' a drama.
He was also a regular contributor to periodi-
cals.
Carducci, Giosuè (kär-dö'chi). A distin-
guished Italian poet and philologist; born at
Valdicastello, Tuscany, July 27, 1836. He was
made professor of Italian literature in the
University of Bologna in 1860.
viously written essays on the history of lit-
erature; and a small volume of lyrics, (Rimes,'
(1857). But his poetical genius is better shown
in the collections of his fugitive pieces pub-
lished a little later: Serious Trifies) and
(The Decennials. His Hymn to Satan)
(1863), published under the pseudonym "Eno-
trio Romano,' made an extraordinary impression,
and was formally defended in (Satan and Sa.
tanic Polemics) (1879). The breadth and range
of his genius, as well as his mastery of poetic
form, are seen in the Poems of Enotrio Ro-
mano) (1871); New Poems) (1873); “Iambics
and Epodes) (1882); New Rimes) (1887). *
Carew, Thomas. An English poet (about
1598-1639). He stood high in favor with Charles
I. , and was an intimate friend of the greatest
poets and scholars of his time in England, in-
cluding Ben Jonson, Sir John Suckling, and
Sir Kenelm Digby. His poems are light and
airy, sometimes licentious, always graceful and
elegant in form. They are mostly songs or
odes; he also wrote (Coelum Britannicum, a
masque performed at Whitehall (1633), with
Charles I. and his courtiers in the cast.
Carey, Henry. An English poet and play-
wright; born about 1696; died in London (? ),
1743. As the author of (Sally in our Alley)
his claim to the notice of posterity is a strong
one, and Namby Pamby) is another of his
good songs. His farces, among them (Hang-
ing and Marriage, are not so lively.
Carey, Henry Charles. A leading American
economist; born in Philadelphia, Dec. 15, 1793;
died there, Oct. 13, 1879. Trained in his father's
publishing-house, he accumulated a competence
from the business and retired to devote himself
to study. The 'Essay on the Rate of Wages)
(1836) and (The Principles of Political Econ-
omy) (1837-40) won him an authoritative inter-
national position, in spite of what was then an
extravagantly unorthodox opposition to Adam
Smith and his followers. He next produced :
(The Credit System in France, Great Britain,
and the United States) (1838); (The Past, The
Present, and The Future) (1848); and (The
Principles of Social Science) (1858-59).
Carey, Mathew. An American publisher
and prose-writer; born in Ireland, Jan. 28, 1760;
died in Philadelphia, Pa. , Sept. 16, 1839. The
best known of his political writings was his
(Olive Branch) (1814). It was an effort to
promote harmony among political parties dur-
ing the War of 1812. It passed through ten
editions. In 1819 he published his "Vindiciæ
Hibernicæ); and in 1822, Essays on Political
Economy.
Carlén, Emilia Flygare. (fe-gär'ë-kär-lān').
A Swedish novelist; born at Strömstad, Aug.
8, 1807; died at Stockholm, Feb. 5, 1892. Her
first story was Waldemar Klein (1838). A
long series of novels followed, most notable
among them being : (Gustav Lindorm' (1839);
(The Professor) (1840); (Chamberlain Lass-
mann (1842); (A Warehouse on the Cliffs)
(1860), her best story. Her latest work was
(Reminiscences of Swedish Literary Life) (1878).
She had clear insight into the conditions of
human life, especially of life in the middle
class, and she describes it with admirable fidel-
ity. *
Carlén, Rosa (kär-lān'). A Swedish novelist
(1836-83). Her first story, 'Agnes Tell (1861),
had a very favorable reception.
Then fol-
lowed : “Tuva) (1862); Helena, a Woman's
History) (1863); (Three Years and Three
Days) (1864); (The Gypsy's Son (1866), which
is regarded as her most perfect work.
Carleton, Henry Guy. An American jour.
nalist and dramatist; born in Fort Union,
N. Mex. , June 21, 1855. He pursued journalism
in New Orleans and New York city, and has
written several plays, including : Memnon, a
Tragedy); “Victor Durand” (presented 1884);
and (The Pembertons) (presented 1890).
Carleton, Will. An American poet; born
in Hudson, Mich. , Oct. 21, 1845. He is best
known in literature by his ballads of home life,
many of them having gained great popularity.
His books include: Poems) (1871); Farm
Legends) (1875); (City Ballads) (1888); and
(City Legends) (1889).
Carleton, William. An Irish novelist; born
in Prillisk, County Tyrone, 1794 ; died in Dub-
lin, Jan. 30, 1869. His intimate acquaintance
with the traits and tendencies of Irish peas-
ant character, and his harmless, graceful, and
unwearying humor, were conspicuous in his
first success, (Traits and Stories of the Irish
Peasantry. Then came: Willy Reilly);
(The Fair of Emyvale); (Fardorougha the
:
## p. 95 (#111) #############################################
CARLSON-CARRERA
95
3
Miser); and several other novels of great power,
in which much that seems anomalous in the
manners and methods of the author's country-
men is made clear through the medium of a
happy style and a realistic humor.
Carlson, Fredrik Ferdinand (kärl'son). A
Swedish historian; born in Upland, June 13,
1811; died in Stockholm, March 18, 1887. He
was prominent in public affairs for many years,
and wrote, among other works, a “History of
Sweden (1855-87), which ranks high because
of its exhaustive accuracy and literary merit.
Carlyle, Jane Welsh. Wife of Thomas Car.
lyle; born at Haddington, Scotland, July 14,
1801; died in London, April 21, 1866. Her
(Letters,' edited by her husband, were pub-
lished in 1883, the work being given to the
world by J. A. Froude.
Carlyle, Thomas. A Scotch biographer,
historian, and miscellaneous writer; born at
Ecclefechan, Dec. 4, 1795; died in London,
Feb. 4, 1881. His works, as published, are :
Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship,' a transla-
tion (1824); "Legendre's Elements of Geometry
and Trigonometry,' a translation (1824); Life
of Schiller) (1825); “German Romance, trans-
lations from Tieck, Musäus, Richter, etc. (1827);
(Sartor Resartus) (first edition in book form,
Boston, 1835; second, London, 1838); (The
French Revolution) (1837); (Chartism) (1839);
(Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in His-
tory' (1841); "Past and Present) (1843); Life
and Letters of Oliver Cromwell (1845); (Lat-
ter-Day Pamphlets) (1850); Life of Sterling)
(1851); Friedrich II. (1858–65); (Inaugural
Address at Edinburgh) (1866); (Reminiscences
of my Irish Journey in 1849' (1882); Last
Words of Thomas Carlyle) (1882). He wrote
also innumerable magazine articles, still uncol-
lected. *
Carman, Bliss. A Canadian poet; born
at Fredericton, N. B. , April 15, 1861. His first
publication, "Low Tide on Grand Pré: A Book
of Lyrics) (1893), had a very favorable recep-
tion. Other volumes of his collected poems
are : Songs from Vagabondia (1894); Be-
hind the Arras : a Book of the Unseen) (1895).
His poems usually appear first in American
magazines and other periodicals. *
Carmen Sylva. See Sylva.
Carmontel, Louis Carrogis, called (kär-
môn-tel'). A French poet and proverb-writer:
born in Paris, Aug. 15, 1717; died there, Dec.
26, 1806. His fame rests upon (Dramatic
Proverbs,' or epigrammatic plays upon words.
Carnegie, Andrew (kär-nā'gi). A noted
Scotch-American manufacturer, and writer of
travels and essays on affairs; born at Dun-
fermline, Scotland, Nov. 25, 1837. He is pro-
prietor of the largest iron and steel works in
the world, at Pittsburg, Pa. His benefactions
have been large and numerous, among them
gifts of public libraries to Allegheny City
and to Pittsburg. Besides many articles in
periodicals, he has written: An American
Four-in-Hand in Britain) (1883); (Round the
World) (1884); (Triumphant Democracy)
(1886); etc.
Carneri, Bartholomaus von (kär-nā'rē). An
Austrian poet; born at Trent, 1821. His vol-
ume of poems Plough and Sword) was greatly
admired. He has published Foundation of
Ethic) (1881), and similar books.
Caro, Miguel Antonio (kä'ro). A Colom-
bian prose-writer and poet; born in Bogotá,
Colombia, Nov. 10, 1843. He has been an edi-
tor and contributor to periodicals. His prin-
cipal works are: Poems) (1866); (Hours of
Love, a prose work; and a translation into
Spanish verse of Virgil's complete works (3
vols. , 1873-75). He is a correspondent of the
Royal Spanish Academy, and in 1886 was
national librarian in the Colombian congress.
Carpenter, Esther Bernon. An American
prose-writer; born in Wakefield, R. I. , 1848;
died 1893. She contributed to magazines; pub-
lished (The Huguenot Influence in Rhode
Island, and (South Country Neighbors) (1887).
Carpenter, Stephen Cutter. An American
journalist and prose-writer; born in England;
died about 1820. He came to the United States
(1803) and settled in Charleston, S. C. , where
he soon founded and published with John
Bristed the Monthly Register Magazine and
Review of the United States. Later he was
editor of the Mirror of Taste and Dramatic
Censor, in which appeared some clever sketches
of American actors. His works include:
(Memoirs of Jefferson, Containing a Concise
History of the United States from the Ac-
knowledgment of their Independence, with a
View of the Rise and Progress of French In-
fuence and French Principles in that Country)
(2 vols. , 1809); (Select American Speeches,
Forensic and Parliamentary, with Prefatory
Remarks; a Sequel to Dr. Chapman's Select
Speeches) (1815); and under the pen-name of
“Donald Campbell, Overland Journey to
India' (2d ed. 1809-10), and Letter on the Pres.
ent Times. )
Carr, Lucien. An American archäologist ;
born in Missouri, 1829. He has written:
(Mounds of the Mississippi Valley) (1883);
(Missouri, a Bone of Contention) (1888); and
(Prehistoric Remains of Kentucky) (with
Shaler).
Carrér, Luigi (kä-rār'). An Italian poet
(1801-50); born at Venice. His first volume of
(Poems) contained sonnets, odes, and ballads
(1832). He wrote a poetical account of the
history of Venice, and published four volumes
of Prose and Poetry) (1837). He is ranked
among the best of the later Italian poets.
Carrera, Valentino (kär-rā'rä). An Italian
dramatic poet; born at Turin, Dec. 19, 1834.
He is one of the most original dramatists of
Italy, especially in comedy. Among his many
comedies, vaudevilles, etc. , the play which won
3
## p. 96 (#112) #############################################
96
CARRINGTON-CARY
sermons.
for him a wide reputation was (La Quaderna
di Nanni) (1870), a perfect picture of Floren-
tine life. He wrote some historical sketches
and narratives of travel.
Carrington, Henry Beebe. A distinguished
American soldier and military writer; born at
Wallingford, Conn. , March 2, 1824. Originally
a lawyer, he became brigadier-general of volun-
teers in the Civil War, served in the West till
1868, and was appointed professor of military
science at Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind.
His present home is in Boston. He wrote:
(Battles of the American Revolution) (3d ed.
1878); (Apsaraka, or Indian Operations on the
Plains); etc.
Carroll, Anna Ella. An American polit-
ical writer; born in Maryland, 1815; died in
1894. She wrote: (The Great American Battle)
(1856); (The Star of the West' (1856); (The
War Powers of the General Government)
(1861); etc.
Carroll, Lewis, pseudonym of Charles Lut-
widge Dodgson. A notable English humorist ;
born 1833; died January 1898. His fame is
based on the stories — nominally for the nurs-
ery, but only appreciable in their full merit
by adults -(Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
(1865), and its sequel (Through the Looking-
Glass) (1872). They are fantasy-fables, full of
what seems pure nonsense, but is really based
largely on reductions to absurdity of illogi-
cal popular usages in language or reasoning.
They have been translated into most of the
languages of Europe. Some excellent nonsense
verse is also found in the collections (Phan-
tasmagoria) (1869), the poem (The Hunting of
the Snark) (1876), and the inferior prose fairy-
tale (Sylvie and Bruno. The author has pub-
lished several works on mathematics and logic,
in both serious and humorous form; but the
playfulness of the latter demands too much
expert scholarship to be popular. *
Carruthers, William A. An American nov-
elist; born in Virginia about 1800; died in
Savannah, Ga. , about 1850. He was profession-
ally a physician, but wrote a number of spirited
romances founded on incidents in American
history. His best work is (The Cavaliers of
Virginia, or the Recluse of Jamestown, an His-
torical Romance of the Old Dominion (1832).
He is the author also of "The Knights of the
Horse-Shoe, a Traditionary Tale of the Cocked
Hat Gentry in the Old Dominion' (1845).
Carryl, Charles Edward. An American
story-writer; born in New York city, Dec. 30,
1841. In 1885 he published Davy and the
Goblin,' followed by (The Admiral's Caravan,'
both juveniles in the manner of Lewis Carroll.
He is a broker in New York city.
Carter, Elizabeth. An English writer; born
in Kent, 1717; died in London, 1806. She is
remembered for her version of Epictetus, al-
though her (Ode to Wisdom (1746) is ad-
mired.
Carter, Robert. An American littérateur;
born in Albany, N. Y. , Feb. 5, 1819; died in
Cambridge, Mass. , Feb. 15, 1879. At first as-
sociated with Lowell in a monthly magazine,
later the private secretary of Prescott, then co-
editor of a newspaper with Hildreth, he passed
his life in miscellaneous journalistic and liter-
ary work; the most important being a large
share in editing (1859–63) the first two editions
of the American Cyclopædia. His one book,
(A Summer Cruise on the Coast of New Eng.
land' (1864), was long popular as an enter-
taining travel sketch, and among naturalists
for its account of New England fishes.
Carteret, Antoine Alfred Désiré (kär-trā').
A Swiss statesman and fabulist; born Ge-
neva, April 2, 1813; died there, Jan 31, 1889.
His political career was long and brilliant;
and in literature he has made a name with
pleasing Fables) (1873), frequently treating
political subjects, and a novel, (Two Friends)
(1872), descriptive of Genevese customs.
Cartwright, Peter. An American contro-
versialist and sermonist; born in Virginia, Sept.
1, 1785; died Sept. 25, 1872. He was a Meth-
odist clergyman, of great power and eccen-
tricity, and preached, it is said, fully 15,000
He published (A Controversy with
the Devil'; Autobiography of a Backwoods
Preacher); (Fifty Years a Presiding Elder.
Cartwright, William. An English drama-
tist and poet; born in Northway, September
1611, or Aug. 16, 1615; died at Oxford, Nov.
29, 1643. His plays were immensely success.
ful at the time; (The Ordinary) is probably
the best, but “The Royal Slave) is meritorious,
and both contain much lively wit and satire
at the expense of the Puritans. The poems
are not so good.
Carutti di Cantogno, Domenico, Baron
(kä-röt'ē dē kän-ton'yo). An Italian historian
and publicist; born in Cumiana, near Turin,
Nov. 26, 1821. As a young man he took to
romance-writing, but was speedily absorbed in
politics and rose to great distinction. When
he resumed the pen, it was to compile such
solid works as History of the Reign of Vic-
tor Amadeus II. (1856), and History of the
Reign of Charles Emanuel III. (1859), which
are interesting and scholarly.
Cary, Alice. An American poet; born near
Cincinnati, O. , April 26, 1820; died in New
York city, Feb. 12, 1871. When quite young
she commenced writing sketches and poems
for the press. In 1852 she, with her sister
Phoebe, removed to New York city, where they
lived during the rest of their lives. In 1850
the sisters published a volume entitled Poems
by Alice and Phæbe Cary. Alice soon after
published "Clovernook, or Recollections of our
Neighborhood in the West) (1851-53); “Hagar,
a Story of To-Day) (1852); Married not Mated)
(1856); (The Lover's Diary) (1867); and Snow-
Be es: A Bo for Young Folks) (1869).
a
## p. 97 (#113) #############################################
CARY – CASTELLO-BRANCO
97
(
Cary, Edward. An American journalist;
born in New York State, 1840. He has long
been connected with the New York Times.
His principal published work is a Life of
George William Curtis.
Cary, Henry Francis. An English poet and
translator of Dante; born at Gibraltar, Spain,
Dec. 6, 1772; died in London, Aug. 14, 1844.
Although his fame rests upon his version of
Dante's Divine Comedy,' he possessed an inti-
mate knowledge of Latin, Greek, and French,
and translated masterpieces from those lan-
guages adequately and with grace.
Cary, Phoebe. An American poet and prose-
writer, sister of Alice; born in Cincinnati, O. ,
Sept. 4, 1824; died in Newport, R. I. , July
31, 1871. She contributed numerous sketches to
various periodicals; and with her sister pub-
lished many books, among which are (Poems
and Parodies) (1854), and Poems of Faith,
Hope, and Love.
Casanova de Seingalt, Giovanni Jacopo
(kä"sa-nö'vä de sin'gält). An Italian advent-
urer; born at Venice, 1725; died in Bohemia,
June 4, 1798. Expelled from Venice for his
scandalous irregularities, he returned there and
was imprisoned ; after some months he made
his escape, and for twenty years traveled over
Europe, imposing upon all classes of society
with his pretensions to occult science and knowl-
edge of all the secrets of alchemy, including
rejuvenation of the old. Among his dupes were
Mme. de Pompadour, Frederick the Great, and
even that other prince of charlatans, Cagliostro.
He wrote his Memoirs,' which were published
(1828) in 12 volumes. *
Casas, Bartolomeo de las (kä'säs). A Span-
ish missionary to the aborigines of New Spain ;
born at Seville, 1474; died at Madrid, July 1566.
Moved to compassion by the inhuman treatment
of the natives by their Spanish taskmasters, he
labored to have them put under protection of
the law, and to have slaves imported from Africa
for labor in the mines and on the plantations.
He wrote memoirs in the interest of the abo-
rigines, as (A Very Brief Account of the Ruin
of the Indies) (1542); “Twenty Reasons); etc.
He wrote a History of the Indies, but it has
not been printed. *
Casgrain, Abbe Henry Raymond (kä-gran').
A Canadian historical writer; born in Rivière
Quelle, Quebec, Dec.
and most prolific of the peninsula's versifiers;
in Moral and Political Fables) and (Colon
his talent is most at home, although Doloras)
(Sorrows), a collection of poems in which he
gives expression to the best in contemporary
Spanish ideals, has attracted most attention.
His stories in verse, (The Good and the Wise)
and Juana's Loves) more particularly, are
deemed by many his masterpieces; but his
plays -- among them Dies Iræ,' a drama-are
not without a claim to that distinction. He
has written, as well, on political and social sub-
jects in sonorous prose.
Camprodon, Francisco (käm-pro-don'). A
Spanish dramatist; born at Vich, Catalonia,
1816; died at Havana, 1870. His masterpiece
is (The Flower of a Day,' written in euphoni-
ous and well-scanned metre, and a drama of
no ordinary merit; a sequel to it, entitled
(Thorns of a Flower,' being published after-
wards.
Cañete, Manuel (kän-yā'te). A Spanish
poet and dramatist; born at Seville, Aug. 6,
1822; died in Madrid, Nov. 4, 1891. A volume
of Poems) first drew popular attention to his
genius, which is strong in lyric compositions
and in odes, but strongest in the drama, as
(A Dispute in Granada) and (The Flower of
Bresalú) denote. His studies in dramatic criti-
cism, especially those of the infancy of the
Spanish theatre, possess a permanent value as
contributions to history, in addition to their
merits as specimens of a correct taste and an
almost faultless style.
Canini, Marco Antonio (kä-nē'nē). An
Italian poet and political agitator (1822-91);
born at Venice. He fled from Italy in 1849
and took refuge in Greece. He published, at
Athens, a volume of poems: Mind, Fancy,
and Heart' (1852). Returning to Italy in 1859,
he edited journals in various cities. He wrote
a novel in verse, (George the Monk and Leila. )
Another collection of his poems, Love and
Sorrow, was published in 1880; he has also
issued (The Book of Love, a volume of trans-
lations of love songs from nearly 150 languages.
Canis, Jean (kä-nē' or kä-nis'). A French
historian; born in Paris, Nov. 20, 1840. His
realistic style, vivid narration, and scholarly
impartiality have attracted special attention to
two of his productions: (The Massacres in
Ireland,' and History of the French Republic
from 1870 to 1883. )
Canivet, Charles Alfred (kä-nē-vā'). A
French journalist, novelist, and poet ; born in
Valognes, Manche, Feb. 10, 1839. His repu-
tation was made by a series of articles in
the Soleil, under the pseudonym of «Jean de
Nivelle)); but in fiction he is well known as
the author of word-pictures of Normandy life,
among them Poor Devils) and “The Organ-
ist's Niece. His "Lost Colonies) is an account
of the French forfeiture of India and of Can-
ada through an impotent foreign policy; and
his best poetry is probably in the collection
Along the Coast.
Canizares, José (kän-yē-thär'es). A Span-
ish dramatist; born in Madrid, July 4, 1676;
died there, Sept. 4, 1750. His precocity, of
which much is made, took the form of dra-
matic composition, in which he excelled at four-
teen; nor was he much older when his (Balance
Sheets (or Accounts) of the Great Captain)
was completed, - a historical play made note-
worthy by one scene of infinite effectiveness.
The Spanish stage owes to him, moreover,
(What Passes from Sceptre to Sceptre); (Eng.
land's Cruelty); and other productions of merit.
Canning, George. An English statesman,
orator, and writer; born in London, April 11,
1770; died at Chiswick, Aug. 8, 1827. A Liberal
in extreme youth, he early joined the Tory
party, distinguished himself as wit and Parlia.
mentary manager, held repeated Cabinet office,
and became Premier in the last year of his
life. He had grown more Liberal in his later
years, sickened at the stagnant and cruel re-
actionism that followed the panic over the
French Revolution, and assisted the South-
American republics to obtain independence.
His contributions to pure literature were mostly
contained in the short-lived Anti-Jacobin, a
Tory periodical after the fashion of the previous
Whig Rolliad, and full of wit; among them
are (The Needy Knife-Grinder,' and (The
Rovers, which contains (The University of
Gottingen. His speeches, however, are often
genuine literary productions; they were pub-
lished after his death, greatly altered (largely
for the worse) from their for as delivered. *
Cannizzaro, Tommaso (kän-its-är'o). An
Italian poet; born in Messina, Aug. 17, 1838.
The volume of poems styled 'In Solitude)
shows him an idealist, and perhaps symbolist.
He uses the French language with dexterity
and grace in “Thorns and Roses,' another vol.
ume of verse.
Cannon, Charles James. An American
novelist, poet, and dramatist; born in New
York city, Nov. 4, 1800; died there, Nov. 9,
1860. His publications include: (Ravellings
from the Web of Life) (1856); Dramas)
(1857); (The Poet's Quest); (Father Felix, a
Catholic Story); Dolores, a Tragedy); and
(Better Late than Never,' a drama (1852). He
compiled a “Practical English Spelling Book,'
and series of Readers.
Canonge, Jules (kä-nônzh). A French poet;
born in Nîmes, March 20, 1812; died March
14, 1870. His delicate poesy is preserved in
(Preludes) (1835); (Tasso at Sorrento'; and
(Olim (1859); besides other volumes, in addi-
tion to which he turned his attention to legend
and story and produced worthy prose.
## p. 93 (#109) #############################################
CÁNOVAS DEL CASTILLO-CARCANO
93
Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio (kä'nõ-väs
del käs-tēl'yo). A distinguished Spanish states-
man and man of letters; born in Malaga, Feb.
8, 1826; assassinated at the baths of Santa
Aqueda, Aug. 8, 1897. In his 25th year he
was editor of the Conservative journal Patria,
and in 1854 entered the public service as mem-
ber of the Cortes; thereafter he held vari-
ous posts in the government. At his death
he had been for some years prime minister.
He is author of Literary Studies) (2 vols. ,
1868); (History of the Austrian Dominion in
Spain) (1869); Problems of the Time) (2
vols. , 1884); (Studies on the Reign of Philip
IV? (3 vols. , 1888-90). He was editor-in-chief
of a "General History of Spain, consisting of
monographs by sundry writers, of which the
first volume appeared in 1890.
Cano y Masas, Leopoldo (kä'nō ē mäs'äs).
A distinguished Spanish poet and dramatist;
born at Valladolid, Nov. 13, 1844. He graduated
from the Spanish Military Academy at Madrid
(1865), and was appointed professor of analyt.
ical and descriptive geometry there in 1867, re-
tiring in 1885. His first comedy was (Laurels
of a Poet) (1852). His many other plays in-
clude: (The Code of Honor); (Modern Idola.
try); and (The Death of Lucretia. He is the
author of a volume of poems, Arrows.
Cantacuzenus, John (kan''ta-kū-zē'nus).
Emperor of Constantinople; born in the twelfth
century (? ); died after 1355. His (Byzantine
History' is a noted work.
Cantemir or Kantemir, Prince Antiochus
(kan'te-mer). See Kantemir.
Cantoni, Carlo (kän-to'nē). An Italian phi-
losopher; born in Grapello, Pavia, November
1840. For years he has expounded the Kantian
philosophy, attaining an international fame
with his "Lectures on the Human Understand-
ing); “Immanuel Kant); and (The Philosoph-
ical-Literary Faculty in its Relation to Scientific
and National Education.
Cantù, Cesare (kän-to'). An Italian his-
torian; born at Brivio, Lombardy, Dec. 2, 1805;
died near Milan, March 11, 1895. Imprisoned
for political causes in 1833, he employed his
leisure in writing a historical romance, Mar-
gherita Pusterla) (1838), one of the most suc-
cessful of modern Italian romances; it gives a
graphic picture of prison life. He wrote nu-
merous historical and biographical works;
his Universal History) (35 vols. ) has passed
through several editions, and has been trans-
lated into other languages. *
Capecelatro, Alphonse, Cardinal (kä''pe-
chel-at'ro). An Italian Pietist biographer and
controversialist; born in Marseilles, Feb. 5, 1824.
He has won distinction as Italy's leading con-
temporary Church writer, with a (History of
St. Catherine of Siena and of the Papacy of
her Day) (1856); (The Errors of Renan); a
Life of Jesus); and a Life of St. Philip of
Neri) (1882).
Capefigue, Baptiste Honoré Raymond (käp-
fēg'). A French historian and journalist; born
in Marseilles, 1802; died in Paris, Dec. 23, 1872.
His contributions to historical science are the
(History of Philip Augustus (1829); and His-
tory of the Restoration and of the Causes that
Led to the Fall of the Elder Branch of the
House of Bourbon) (1831).
Capen, Nahum (kā'pen). An American his-
torical writer; born at Canton, Mass. , 1804;
died 1886. Postmaster of Boston, Mass. (1857-
61), he introduced street letter-box collections.
He wrote: (The Republic of the United
States); History of Democracy) (1874); etc.
He also wrote and edited works on phrenology.
Capern, Edward. An English poet; born
at Tiverton, Devonshire, Jan. 29, 1819. He at.
tracted the notice of Walter Savage Landor
in consequence of the beauty and feeling of
his poems, mostly descriptive of popular life
and character in his native county, where he
was long in the mail service, and known in
consequence as “The Rural Postman of Bide-
ford. " His best work is in (Wayside Warbles);
"Sungleams and Shadows); and (Ballads and
Songs.
Capponi, Gino, Marchese (käp-o'nē). An
Italian historian and scholar; born in Florence,
Sept. 14, 1792; died there, Feb. 3, 1876. A
(History of the Florentine Republic) (1875) is
his chief work.
Capuana, Luigi (kä-pū-ä'nä). An Italian
poet, novelist, and critic; born at Mineo, Sicily,
May 27, 1839. Having devoted himself to jour-
nalism, he settled (1864) in Florence, where he
wrote dramatic criticisms; from 1868 until 1877
he lived in his native town, then in Milan,
again as a journalist. His best-known work is
(Giacinta) (1879), a naturalistic novel. Besides
this he published several volumes of short
stories, among them: Profiles of Women)
(1881); (Homo) (1883); and two collections of
charming fairy tales: Once upon a Time)
(1882) and Fairy Land” (1883). A curious
specimen of rhythmical prose is his (Semi-
Rhythms) (1888), in praise of worldly joy and
beauty.
Carayon, Auguste (kä-ri-yön or kä-rā-yôn).
A French historian; born at Saumur, March
31, 1813; died at Poitiers, May 15, 1874. A
distinguished Jesuit, he wrote: (First Canadian
Missions of the Jesuits) (1864); (Banishment
of the Jesuits from Louisiana) (1865); and
similar studies.
Carcano, Giulio (kär-kä'no). An Italian
poet (1812-84); born in Milan. He wrote a
narrative poem, Ida Della Torre,' while a
student at Pavia (1834). His next work, (An-
giola Maria) (1839), had extraordinary success;
it is a deeply sympathetic story of Italian fam-
ily life, and is regarded as the highest type of
that class in Italian. In the same vein is the
volume (Simple Narratives' (1843). He wrote
also (Damiano, the Story of a Poor Family)
3
## p. 94 (#110) #############################################
CÁRDENAS Y RODRIGUEZ-CARLETON
94
(
He had pre-
(
(1851), and (Twelve Tales) (1856). He pub-
lished translations of several of Shakespeare's
plays. His latest volume of poetry was (Vari.
ous Poems) (1875). Among his later novels
are (Gabrio and Camilla, a Milanese Story)
(1874); and “Carlo Barbiano) (1882).
Cárdenas y Rodriguez, José M. de (kär'dā.
näs ē rõ-drē'ges). A Cuban poet and prose-
writer; born at Matanzas in 1812; died in
1882. Many of his humorous sketches of Cuban
life have been translated into French and pub-
lished in the Revue des Deux Mondes. Be-
sides a good comedy, (A Deaf Uncle,' he has
written a collection of fables, some of which
have been translated into English; and numer-
ous poems.
Cárdenas y Rodriguez, Nicolás de. A
Cuban poet and novelist; born in Havana,
1814; died in 1868. His works comprise :
(Poetical Essays) (1836); (Scenes from Life
in Cuba) (1841); (The Two Weddings,' a
novel (1844); Diego de Velazquez,' a drama.
He was also a regular contributor to periodi-
cals.
Carducci, Giosuè (kär-dö'chi). A distin-
guished Italian poet and philologist; born at
Valdicastello, Tuscany, July 27, 1836. He was
made professor of Italian literature in the
University of Bologna in 1860.
viously written essays on the history of lit-
erature; and a small volume of lyrics, (Rimes,'
(1857). But his poetical genius is better shown
in the collections of his fugitive pieces pub-
lished a little later: Serious Trifies) and
(The Decennials. His Hymn to Satan)
(1863), published under the pseudonym "Eno-
trio Romano,' made an extraordinary impression,
and was formally defended in (Satan and Sa.
tanic Polemics) (1879). The breadth and range
of his genius, as well as his mastery of poetic
form, are seen in the Poems of Enotrio Ro-
mano) (1871); New Poems) (1873); “Iambics
and Epodes) (1882); New Rimes) (1887). *
Carew, Thomas. An English poet (about
1598-1639). He stood high in favor with Charles
I. , and was an intimate friend of the greatest
poets and scholars of his time in England, in-
cluding Ben Jonson, Sir John Suckling, and
Sir Kenelm Digby. His poems are light and
airy, sometimes licentious, always graceful and
elegant in form. They are mostly songs or
odes; he also wrote (Coelum Britannicum, a
masque performed at Whitehall (1633), with
Charles I. and his courtiers in the cast.
Carey, Henry. An English poet and play-
wright; born about 1696; died in London (? ),
1743. As the author of (Sally in our Alley)
his claim to the notice of posterity is a strong
one, and Namby Pamby) is another of his
good songs. His farces, among them (Hang-
ing and Marriage, are not so lively.
Carey, Henry Charles. A leading American
economist; born in Philadelphia, Dec. 15, 1793;
died there, Oct. 13, 1879. Trained in his father's
publishing-house, he accumulated a competence
from the business and retired to devote himself
to study. The 'Essay on the Rate of Wages)
(1836) and (The Principles of Political Econ-
omy) (1837-40) won him an authoritative inter-
national position, in spite of what was then an
extravagantly unorthodox opposition to Adam
Smith and his followers. He next produced :
(The Credit System in France, Great Britain,
and the United States) (1838); (The Past, The
Present, and The Future) (1848); and (The
Principles of Social Science) (1858-59).
Carey, Mathew. An American publisher
and prose-writer; born in Ireland, Jan. 28, 1760;
died in Philadelphia, Pa. , Sept. 16, 1839. The
best known of his political writings was his
(Olive Branch) (1814). It was an effort to
promote harmony among political parties dur-
ing the War of 1812. It passed through ten
editions. In 1819 he published his "Vindiciæ
Hibernicæ); and in 1822, Essays on Political
Economy.
Carlén, Emilia Flygare. (fe-gär'ë-kär-lān').
A Swedish novelist; born at Strömstad, Aug.
8, 1807; died at Stockholm, Feb. 5, 1892. Her
first story was Waldemar Klein (1838). A
long series of novels followed, most notable
among them being : (Gustav Lindorm' (1839);
(The Professor) (1840); (Chamberlain Lass-
mann (1842); (A Warehouse on the Cliffs)
(1860), her best story. Her latest work was
(Reminiscences of Swedish Literary Life) (1878).
She had clear insight into the conditions of
human life, especially of life in the middle
class, and she describes it with admirable fidel-
ity. *
Carlén, Rosa (kär-lān'). A Swedish novelist
(1836-83). Her first story, 'Agnes Tell (1861),
had a very favorable reception.
Then fol-
lowed : “Tuva) (1862); Helena, a Woman's
History) (1863); (Three Years and Three
Days) (1864); (The Gypsy's Son (1866), which
is regarded as her most perfect work.
Carleton, Henry Guy. An American jour.
nalist and dramatist; born in Fort Union,
N. Mex. , June 21, 1855. He pursued journalism
in New Orleans and New York city, and has
written several plays, including : Memnon, a
Tragedy); “Victor Durand” (presented 1884);
and (The Pembertons) (presented 1890).
Carleton, Will. An American poet; born
in Hudson, Mich. , Oct. 21, 1845. He is best
known in literature by his ballads of home life,
many of them having gained great popularity.
His books include: Poems) (1871); Farm
Legends) (1875); (City Ballads) (1888); and
(City Legends) (1889).
Carleton, William. An Irish novelist; born
in Prillisk, County Tyrone, 1794 ; died in Dub-
lin, Jan. 30, 1869. His intimate acquaintance
with the traits and tendencies of Irish peas-
ant character, and his harmless, graceful, and
unwearying humor, were conspicuous in his
first success, (Traits and Stories of the Irish
Peasantry. Then came: Willy Reilly);
(The Fair of Emyvale); (Fardorougha the
:
## p. 95 (#111) #############################################
CARLSON-CARRERA
95
3
Miser); and several other novels of great power,
in which much that seems anomalous in the
manners and methods of the author's country-
men is made clear through the medium of a
happy style and a realistic humor.
Carlson, Fredrik Ferdinand (kärl'son). A
Swedish historian; born in Upland, June 13,
1811; died in Stockholm, March 18, 1887. He
was prominent in public affairs for many years,
and wrote, among other works, a “History of
Sweden (1855-87), which ranks high because
of its exhaustive accuracy and literary merit.
Carlyle, Jane Welsh. Wife of Thomas Car.
lyle; born at Haddington, Scotland, July 14,
1801; died in London, April 21, 1866. Her
(Letters,' edited by her husband, were pub-
lished in 1883, the work being given to the
world by J. A. Froude.
Carlyle, Thomas. A Scotch biographer,
historian, and miscellaneous writer; born at
Ecclefechan, Dec. 4, 1795; died in London,
Feb. 4, 1881. His works, as published, are :
Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship,' a transla-
tion (1824); "Legendre's Elements of Geometry
and Trigonometry,' a translation (1824); Life
of Schiller) (1825); “German Romance, trans-
lations from Tieck, Musäus, Richter, etc. (1827);
(Sartor Resartus) (first edition in book form,
Boston, 1835; second, London, 1838); (The
French Revolution) (1837); (Chartism) (1839);
(Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in His-
tory' (1841); "Past and Present) (1843); Life
and Letters of Oliver Cromwell (1845); (Lat-
ter-Day Pamphlets) (1850); Life of Sterling)
(1851); Friedrich II. (1858–65); (Inaugural
Address at Edinburgh) (1866); (Reminiscences
of my Irish Journey in 1849' (1882); Last
Words of Thomas Carlyle) (1882). He wrote
also innumerable magazine articles, still uncol-
lected. *
Carman, Bliss. A Canadian poet; born
at Fredericton, N. B. , April 15, 1861. His first
publication, "Low Tide on Grand Pré: A Book
of Lyrics) (1893), had a very favorable recep-
tion. Other volumes of his collected poems
are : Songs from Vagabondia (1894); Be-
hind the Arras : a Book of the Unseen) (1895).
His poems usually appear first in American
magazines and other periodicals. *
Carmen Sylva. See Sylva.
Carmontel, Louis Carrogis, called (kär-
môn-tel'). A French poet and proverb-writer:
born in Paris, Aug. 15, 1717; died there, Dec.
26, 1806. His fame rests upon (Dramatic
Proverbs,' or epigrammatic plays upon words.
Carnegie, Andrew (kär-nā'gi). A noted
Scotch-American manufacturer, and writer of
travels and essays on affairs; born at Dun-
fermline, Scotland, Nov. 25, 1837. He is pro-
prietor of the largest iron and steel works in
the world, at Pittsburg, Pa. His benefactions
have been large and numerous, among them
gifts of public libraries to Allegheny City
and to Pittsburg. Besides many articles in
periodicals, he has written: An American
Four-in-Hand in Britain) (1883); (Round the
World) (1884); (Triumphant Democracy)
(1886); etc.
Carneri, Bartholomaus von (kär-nā'rē). An
Austrian poet; born at Trent, 1821. His vol-
ume of poems Plough and Sword) was greatly
admired. He has published Foundation of
Ethic) (1881), and similar books.
Caro, Miguel Antonio (kä'ro). A Colom-
bian prose-writer and poet; born in Bogotá,
Colombia, Nov. 10, 1843. He has been an edi-
tor and contributor to periodicals. His prin-
cipal works are: Poems) (1866); (Hours of
Love, a prose work; and a translation into
Spanish verse of Virgil's complete works (3
vols. , 1873-75). He is a correspondent of the
Royal Spanish Academy, and in 1886 was
national librarian in the Colombian congress.
Carpenter, Esther Bernon. An American
prose-writer; born in Wakefield, R. I. , 1848;
died 1893. She contributed to magazines; pub-
lished (The Huguenot Influence in Rhode
Island, and (South Country Neighbors) (1887).
Carpenter, Stephen Cutter. An American
journalist and prose-writer; born in England;
died about 1820. He came to the United States
(1803) and settled in Charleston, S. C. , where
he soon founded and published with John
Bristed the Monthly Register Magazine and
Review of the United States. Later he was
editor of the Mirror of Taste and Dramatic
Censor, in which appeared some clever sketches
of American actors. His works include:
(Memoirs of Jefferson, Containing a Concise
History of the United States from the Ac-
knowledgment of their Independence, with a
View of the Rise and Progress of French In-
fuence and French Principles in that Country)
(2 vols. , 1809); (Select American Speeches,
Forensic and Parliamentary, with Prefatory
Remarks; a Sequel to Dr. Chapman's Select
Speeches) (1815); and under the pen-name of
“Donald Campbell, Overland Journey to
India' (2d ed. 1809-10), and Letter on the Pres.
ent Times. )
Carr, Lucien. An American archäologist ;
born in Missouri, 1829. He has written:
(Mounds of the Mississippi Valley) (1883);
(Missouri, a Bone of Contention) (1888); and
(Prehistoric Remains of Kentucky) (with
Shaler).
Carrér, Luigi (kä-rār'). An Italian poet
(1801-50); born at Venice. His first volume of
(Poems) contained sonnets, odes, and ballads
(1832). He wrote a poetical account of the
history of Venice, and published four volumes
of Prose and Poetry) (1837). He is ranked
among the best of the later Italian poets.
Carrera, Valentino (kär-rā'rä). An Italian
dramatic poet; born at Turin, Dec. 19, 1834.
He is one of the most original dramatists of
Italy, especially in comedy. Among his many
comedies, vaudevilles, etc. , the play which won
3
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96
CARRINGTON-CARY
sermons.
for him a wide reputation was (La Quaderna
di Nanni) (1870), a perfect picture of Floren-
tine life. He wrote some historical sketches
and narratives of travel.
Carrington, Henry Beebe. A distinguished
American soldier and military writer; born at
Wallingford, Conn. , March 2, 1824. Originally
a lawyer, he became brigadier-general of volun-
teers in the Civil War, served in the West till
1868, and was appointed professor of military
science at Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind.
His present home is in Boston. He wrote:
(Battles of the American Revolution) (3d ed.
1878); (Apsaraka, or Indian Operations on the
Plains); etc.
Carroll, Anna Ella. An American polit-
ical writer; born in Maryland, 1815; died in
1894. She wrote: (The Great American Battle)
(1856); (The Star of the West' (1856); (The
War Powers of the General Government)
(1861); etc.
Carroll, Lewis, pseudonym of Charles Lut-
widge Dodgson. A notable English humorist ;
born 1833; died January 1898. His fame is
based on the stories — nominally for the nurs-
ery, but only appreciable in their full merit
by adults -(Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
(1865), and its sequel (Through the Looking-
Glass) (1872). They are fantasy-fables, full of
what seems pure nonsense, but is really based
largely on reductions to absurdity of illogi-
cal popular usages in language or reasoning.
They have been translated into most of the
languages of Europe. Some excellent nonsense
verse is also found in the collections (Phan-
tasmagoria) (1869), the poem (The Hunting of
the Snark) (1876), and the inferior prose fairy-
tale (Sylvie and Bruno. The author has pub-
lished several works on mathematics and logic,
in both serious and humorous form; but the
playfulness of the latter demands too much
expert scholarship to be popular. *
Carruthers, William A. An American nov-
elist; born in Virginia about 1800; died in
Savannah, Ga. , about 1850. He was profession-
ally a physician, but wrote a number of spirited
romances founded on incidents in American
history. His best work is (The Cavaliers of
Virginia, or the Recluse of Jamestown, an His-
torical Romance of the Old Dominion (1832).
He is the author also of "The Knights of the
Horse-Shoe, a Traditionary Tale of the Cocked
Hat Gentry in the Old Dominion' (1845).
Carryl, Charles Edward. An American
story-writer; born in New York city, Dec. 30,
1841. In 1885 he published Davy and the
Goblin,' followed by (The Admiral's Caravan,'
both juveniles in the manner of Lewis Carroll.
He is a broker in New York city.
Carter, Elizabeth. An English writer; born
in Kent, 1717; died in London, 1806. She is
remembered for her version of Epictetus, al-
though her (Ode to Wisdom (1746) is ad-
mired.
Carter, Robert. An American littérateur;
born in Albany, N. Y. , Feb. 5, 1819; died in
Cambridge, Mass. , Feb. 15, 1879. At first as-
sociated with Lowell in a monthly magazine,
later the private secretary of Prescott, then co-
editor of a newspaper with Hildreth, he passed
his life in miscellaneous journalistic and liter-
ary work; the most important being a large
share in editing (1859–63) the first two editions
of the American Cyclopædia. His one book,
(A Summer Cruise on the Coast of New Eng.
land' (1864), was long popular as an enter-
taining travel sketch, and among naturalists
for its account of New England fishes.
Carteret, Antoine Alfred Désiré (kär-trā').
A Swiss statesman and fabulist; born Ge-
neva, April 2, 1813; died there, Jan 31, 1889.
His political career was long and brilliant;
and in literature he has made a name with
pleasing Fables) (1873), frequently treating
political subjects, and a novel, (Two Friends)
(1872), descriptive of Genevese customs.
Cartwright, Peter. An American contro-
versialist and sermonist; born in Virginia, Sept.
1, 1785; died Sept. 25, 1872. He was a Meth-
odist clergyman, of great power and eccen-
tricity, and preached, it is said, fully 15,000
He published (A Controversy with
the Devil'; Autobiography of a Backwoods
Preacher); (Fifty Years a Presiding Elder.
Cartwright, William. An English drama-
tist and poet; born in Northway, September
1611, or Aug. 16, 1615; died at Oxford, Nov.
29, 1643. His plays were immensely success.
ful at the time; (The Ordinary) is probably
the best, but “The Royal Slave) is meritorious,
and both contain much lively wit and satire
at the expense of the Puritans. The poems
are not so good.
Carutti di Cantogno, Domenico, Baron
(kä-röt'ē dē kän-ton'yo). An Italian historian
and publicist; born in Cumiana, near Turin,
Nov. 26, 1821. As a young man he took to
romance-writing, but was speedily absorbed in
politics and rose to great distinction. When
he resumed the pen, it was to compile such
solid works as History of the Reign of Vic-
tor Amadeus II. (1856), and History of the
Reign of Charles Emanuel III. (1859), which
are interesting and scholarly.
Cary, Alice. An American poet; born near
Cincinnati, O. , April 26, 1820; died in New
York city, Feb. 12, 1871. When quite young
she commenced writing sketches and poems
for the press. In 1852 she, with her sister
Phoebe, removed to New York city, where they
lived during the rest of their lives. In 1850
the sisters published a volume entitled Poems
by Alice and Phæbe Cary. Alice soon after
published "Clovernook, or Recollections of our
Neighborhood in the West) (1851-53); “Hagar,
a Story of To-Day) (1852); Married not Mated)
(1856); (The Lover's Diary) (1867); and Snow-
Be es: A Bo for Young Folks) (1869).
a
## p. 97 (#113) #############################################
CARY – CASTELLO-BRANCO
97
(
Cary, Edward. An American journalist;
born in New York State, 1840. He has long
been connected with the New York Times.
His principal published work is a Life of
George William Curtis.
Cary, Henry Francis. An English poet and
translator of Dante; born at Gibraltar, Spain,
Dec. 6, 1772; died in London, Aug. 14, 1844.
Although his fame rests upon his version of
Dante's Divine Comedy,' he possessed an inti-
mate knowledge of Latin, Greek, and French,
and translated masterpieces from those lan-
guages adequately and with grace.
Cary, Phoebe. An American poet and prose-
writer, sister of Alice; born in Cincinnati, O. ,
Sept. 4, 1824; died in Newport, R. I. , July
31, 1871. She contributed numerous sketches to
various periodicals; and with her sister pub-
lished many books, among which are (Poems
and Parodies) (1854), and Poems of Faith,
Hope, and Love.
Casanova de Seingalt, Giovanni Jacopo
(kä"sa-nö'vä de sin'gält). An Italian advent-
urer; born at Venice, 1725; died in Bohemia,
June 4, 1798. Expelled from Venice for his
scandalous irregularities, he returned there and
was imprisoned ; after some months he made
his escape, and for twenty years traveled over
Europe, imposing upon all classes of society
with his pretensions to occult science and knowl-
edge of all the secrets of alchemy, including
rejuvenation of the old. Among his dupes were
Mme. de Pompadour, Frederick the Great, and
even that other prince of charlatans, Cagliostro.
He wrote his Memoirs,' which were published
(1828) in 12 volumes. *
Casas, Bartolomeo de las (kä'säs). A Span-
ish missionary to the aborigines of New Spain ;
born at Seville, 1474; died at Madrid, July 1566.
Moved to compassion by the inhuman treatment
of the natives by their Spanish taskmasters, he
labored to have them put under protection of
the law, and to have slaves imported from Africa
for labor in the mines and on the plantations.
He wrote memoirs in the interest of the abo-
rigines, as (A Very Brief Account of the Ruin
of the Indies) (1542); “Twenty Reasons); etc.
He wrote a History of the Indies, but it has
not been printed. *
Casgrain, Abbe Henry Raymond (kä-gran').
A Canadian historical writer; born in Rivière
Quelle, Quebec, Dec.
