1982, ajour- nalist and
novelist
Pound knew and visited often in the early 1940s.
A-Companion-to-the-Cantos-of-Ezra-Pound-II
of Penn.
1902?
1903.
In 1912, he received a Ph.
D.
degree from the University o f Marburg with a dissertation entitled Heraklit und Parmenides.
Pound speaks of him as "A Russian, who had taken degrees .
.
.
on prehistoric Greek philoso- phers .
.
.
who, .
.
.
said he was going 'to convert England to philosophy' " [PD, l I S ] .
Also, he wrote, "Slovinsky [sic] looked at me in 1912: '.
.
.
Boundt haffyou gno bolidigal basshuntz?
' Whatever eco?
nomic passions I now have, began ab initio from having crimes against living art thrust under my perceptions" [SP,230?
231].
86. Miscio: Michio Ito (ca. 1892? 1961), a
Japanese dancer from a samurai family who
[Sieburth, Pai, 6-3, 382].
"Mang Tsze": "The ethic of Confucius and Mencius is a Nordic ethic. . . . It is concen? trated in the Mencian parable: 'An Archer having missed the bullseye does NOT turn round and blame someone else. He seeks the cause in himselr " [SP, 96] .
74. total sincerity: In Chung Yung Pound said: "Only the most absolute sincerity under heaven can bring the inborn talent to the full and empty the chalice of nature" [CON, 173]. And in "Terminology," for the word "Sincerity," he said: "The precise definition o f the word, pictorially the sun's lance corning to rest on the precise spot verbally" [CON, 20].
75. Tellus: Roman goddess of the earth; the Greek Rhea.
. . .
64. Thales: F1. 6th century B. C. One of the Seven Sages, said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science. Pound relates a story from Aristotle about Thales "wishing to show that a philosopher could easily 'make money' if he had nothing better to do. " He foresaw a bumper crop of olives so he "hired by paying a small deposit, all the olive presses on the islands of Miletus and Chios. When the abundant harvest arrived, everybody went to see Thales" [SP, 172].
65. Siena: In Gold and Work Pound wrote; "The true basis of credit was already known to the founders of. the Monte dei Paschi of Siena at the beginning of the seventeenth century" [SP,339].
66. interest . . . nothing: A recurrent theme in The Cantos and in many of Pound's economic writings [46:26].
67. METATHEMENON: [74:343; 97:77].
68. Le Paradis . . . : [74 :292].
69. KVe7JPCl: H, "Cythera"; Aphrodite.
70. i. mo X8ovos: H, "under the earth" [cf. 26 above].
71. 'YEa: H, "earth. " Reference to men rising out of the earth in full battle-gear in the Cadmus myth. They turned and fought each other until all but five were killed. These assisted Cadmus in building Thebes.
72. "like an arrow . . . ": From Analects
62. 1766 ante Christum:
Christ. " In 1766 B. C. the emperor Ch'eng T'ang opened a copper mine and made money which he gave to the people to buy grain [53:40].
63. Salamis: [74:109,110].
L, "
before
L
X'f, 6: "He said: Straight, and how' the historian Yu. Country properly governed, he was like an arrow; country in chaos he was like an arrow" [CON, 264. ].
73. "Missing . . . himself": Said
Pound
in
76. Pirandello:
Luigi P . ,
1867? 1936. Most
significant o f the modernist Italian drama?
tists [Freud, 91:55]. Pound wrote:
"Pirandello was worried at the news that Cocteau was trying an Oedipus; for a moment he 'feared' or 'had feared' that M. Jean wd. fall into psychoanalysis, and caught himself the next moment with 'No, he won't fall into that mess. It est trop bon poete' " [GK,93].
77. Campari: Cafe C. at Galleria Vittorio Emanuele, Milan. Perhaps Pirandello told the story o f Cocteau there.
78. Dieudonne: [74:178].
79. Voisin: [74:179).
80. Gaudier: G? Brzeska, 1892? 1915, Vor? tieist sculptor killed in WWI, and celebrated by Pound: "Among many good artists . . . there was this one sculptor already great in achievement at the age of twenty? three, incalculably great in promise and in the hopes of his friends" [GR, 17].
81. Miss Lowell: Amy L. , 1874? 1925, an
? 408
77/469-470
77/470-471
409
trained in Japan, in Paris (with Nijinsky and the Ballet Russe), and at a school of eu- rhythmics in Germany. When WWI broke out he fled to London and was reduced to poverty. He lived in a rooming house run by an Irish woman. After pawning about all he had including neckties, he finally went for three days without any hot water or light. "Out of the sixpence he realized from his neckwear he put two pennies into the gasometer and went out to buy some bread with the remainder of his fortune. " That night a painter took him to a party at Lady Ottoline Morrell's where Lady Cunard invited him to dinner the next day. He began dancing at parties, thereafter, for literary and artistic audiences. Once, after he had danced before an audience of 100, a distin- guished gentleman asked him about Japanese art. Ito could not speak English but said that if he might speak German he could answer. The gentleman, no less than Prime Minister Asquith, concurred and they spoke quite
easily in German [Caldwell, Michio, 40-41]. 87. Ainley: Henry A. , an actor who played
the part of Cuchulain in At the Hawk's Well, by Yeats. Allan Wade played the Old Man and Michio Ito the Guardian of the Well. The line in quotes is probably a remark made by Ito during a rehearsal. The play was performed on the afternoon of April 2, 1916 in Lady Cunard's drawing room. Yeats said later of these days: "I shall not soon forget the rehearsal of The Hawk's Well, when Mr. Ezra Pound, who had never acted on any stage, in the absence of one chief player rehearsed for half an hour" [Plays, 214].
88. Mrs Tinkey: Prob. the Irish landlady of Ito.
. . .
[was] 'Jap'nese dance all time overcoat' "
[L,335].
90. Jack Dempsey: William Harrison D. , 1895? 1983, American heavyweight boxing champion, 1919? 1926.
91. Mr Wilson: Tom Wilson, DTC trainee [74:257]. A popular song sung by Mr. Wilson had these lines: "My girl's got great big tits / Just like Jack Dempsey's mitts"
[DG].
92. old Dublin pilot: In a piece entitled "John Synge and the Habits of Criticism" [The Egoist, Feb. 2, 1914], Pound said: "'She was so fine and she was so healthy that you could have cracked a flea on either of her breasts,' said the old sea captain bragging about the loves of his youth. It seems a shame that the only man who could have made any real use of that glorious
phrase in literature is dead. "
93. precise definition: [cf. 74 above].
94. bel seno: I, "beautiful bosom. " in rimas escarsas: P, "in rare rhymes. " vide sopra: L, "see above. "
95. Amo: River in central Italy. The 2 mountains so divided make an enormous, if not beautiful, bosom.
96. ! :;1/Ili]T1/P: H, "Demeter. " Goddess of harvest [47: 3] .
97. copulatrix: L, "one who copulates. "
98. Ciano: Conte Galeazzo Ciano di Corte- lazzo, 1903-44, Italian statesman, secretary of state of press and propaganda (1935), minister of foreign affairs (1936-43), ambas? sador to the Holy See (1943). He was the son-in-law of Mussolini, and according to many, a treacherous stuffed? shirt type guilty of corruption and profiteering [Anderson, Pai, 6? 2, 244].
99. the admiral: Ubaldo degli Uberti, 1881-1945, a longtime Italian naval officer who retired in 1931 but returned to service during WWII, at which time he was pro- moted to admiral. Since early 1934 Uberti and his family had been friends of Pound. They had similar political and literary sympathies, and Uberti assisted in translating Pound and getting his work published. Pound saw Uberti often during his last months in Rome. His son Riccardo provided the ski shoes he wore on his walk (after the fall of the government) north to join his
daughter. The "he" in the line is Mussolini. The Italian fleet was surrendered to the Allies 8? 10 Sept. 1943. Admiral Uberti was ambushed and shot by a platoon of Russian-German soldiers who thought his car belonged to partisans. He died in hospital 28 April 1945, a few days before Pound arrived at the DTC [Uberti, "History of a Friendship," 105].
100. Chilanti: Felice C. , 1914?
1982, ajour- nalist and novelist Pound knew and visited often in the early 1940s. He was a member of a group of dissident Fascists Pound listened to but didn't agree with. In 1972 he wrote "Ezra Pound among the Seditious in the 1940s" [Anderson,Pai, 6-2, 235? 250].
101. 12 . . . daughter:
Pound's many visits to Chilanti's group, she used to listen avidly to all the talk and sometimes "sat on his knees while he cast about for answers which would satisfy him"
[ibid. , 240] .
102. Sold . . . Gais: The village in the Tyrol where Mary, the daughter of Pound and Olga Rudge, was brought up and about which Mary de Rachewiltz (M de R) writes so memorably in Discretions: "All that is gone now. In its place there is a new school, a post office, a hotel and a cement factory near the river" [for the quote and the cattle bedding see Discretions, 35? 37].
103. Chung Ni: Confucius [53:148]. Re? prise of "Mongols are fallen / from losing the law of Chung Ni" [56/308], which derives from De Mailla, Histoire, X, 23.
104. alpino's statue: "The monument to the A lpint in the Piazza in Bruneck has always been one of the Tyrolean Targets for anti- Italian manifestations. In September 1943 they placed beside it an empty valise, to remind Italians it was time to pack up and
leave" [M de R, 194].
105. Brunik: [Bruneck]: A town in the Italian Tyrol.
106. Dalmatia: Territory on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea which became Yugoslavia and Albania; its indigenous people had no enthusiasm for Italian encroachments.
107. treasure of honesty . . . : A recurrent theme in Confucian writings: "A state does not profit by profits. Honesty is the treasure of states" [CON, 87? 89].
108. dog? damn . . . labour: These several lines concern the conviction of many of Mussolini's followers (prob. including Pound) that his government fell riot because of his shortcomings (or the difficulty of Fascism as an ideology) but because of fraud and corruption in the bureaucracy. By Sep- tember 23, 1943 M had formed La Repub? blica de Sa16. Although the 20 years' labour of the old had been ruined, M's new program would work. Pound seemed to hope and dream so. Jactancy (ostentatious public boasting) would be replaced by work
[M de R, 194? 196].
109. Petano: Since there is no town in Italy of this name', it is prob. an error for Adana. John Hersey's novel A Bell for Adana (1945) may have evoked the line. Mary de Rachewiltz remembers that her father read the book around 1945.
110. Alice and Edmee: Edmee refers to Edmund Dulac, 1882-1953, a French artist, who married Alice May de Marini in 1903. He had done colored illustrations for The Arabian Nights (1907), The Tempest
o f Omar
[L, 42n, 47, 93, 95, 104]. Maybe Ed and Alice had a multicolored mutt named Arlechino.
111. Arlechino: I, "Harlequin. " Central character in the Commedia del Arte who usually appears in a bright, multicolored costume. Perhaps a multicolored mutt at the DTC was so named by Pound.
112. "'" 'j6", ee,,: H, "and Ida goddess" [cf. 50 above].
89. "Jap'nese
tainly impressed Pound. In a letter to Katue Kitasono, 22 Jan. 1940, he said:. "Ito's first remark to me in 1914 or '15
: This
remark of Ito cer-
~,
) L
Tati C.
During
(1908), and The
Khdyyam (1909). Although born in Tau? louse, he settled in London in 1905 and became a British citizen in 1912. Pound knew him when they were both on the faculty of "The College of Arts" in 1914, an outfit organized to serve students during the difficult years of WWI. Pound mentions him in a number ofletters in this connection
Rubdiyat
? 410
113. Apollo: Helios, the sun.
114. E la Miranda: J, "and the Miranda. " Isa Miranda (Ines Isabella Sampietro, b. 1909), famous Italian actress who did stage work in Italy, France, the U. K. , and the U. s. A. , as well as films for famous directors in all these countries. Her first film role, La Signora di tutti (1934), established her reputation. She had done 10 major films before 1945, including one. in Hollywood opposite Ray Milland: Hotel Imperial (1939).
lIS. Romano Ramona: Prob. a guard in the
DTC cadre.
116. VA1): H, "shit. "
117. Margherita: An abandoned child brought up by the same family Mary was housed with. Everyone called her Margit. On a visit once Pound brought little Mary "a diapason" (tuning fork) as a gift: "He said it served to set the right tone when singing or playing an instrument. I said Margherita could give the right tone by ear and if we sang at two voices she first started out on my note and then found hers"
[M de R, 44].
118. 0 . . . griefs: Reminiscence of Hopkins,
"Spring and Fall: To a young child," a
IS-line lyric which starts, "Margaret, are you
grieving. " [MSB note: "Margaret Cravens committed suicide back in 1912. "]
119. Lanier: Sidney L. , 1842-1881, Ameri- can poet and musician who wrote The Symphony, a long epic poem in which he discusses the interaction of trade and ethics
[89:123]_
120. Jeff Davis: Jefferson D. , 1808-1889, president of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865).
121. Atreus: King of Mycenae_ Son of
Pelops, who brought a curse on his house. Thyestes, Atreus's brother, seduced Atreus's wife; Atreus murdered three of the four sons of Thyestes and served them to their father. Thyestes iaid a curse on the house of Atreus which descended upon his sons, Agamemnon and Menelaus: hence, the doom which seemed to haunt the South as a similar curse.
77/471-472 122. Mercury: The Roman equivalent of the
god Hermes; the caduceus o f Mercury,
the insignia of the medical branch of the U. S. Army, is a wing-topped staff with two snakes winding about it.
123. Buddha: The past participle of the verb budon ("to enlighten"). Thus Gautama Siddhatha became "the Enlightened One" and the central prophet of certain branches of Hindu-Sino-Japanese religions. Pound's anti-Buddhist bias [98: 65-67] makes the phrase "Born with B's eye" pejorative.
124. Mason and Dil<on: The imaginary line
that separated slave states in the South from nonslave states in the North. From the English astronomers Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, who surveyed the line between Pennsylvania and Maryland.
125. lis . . . existence: F, "They don't exist,
their surroundings confer an existence upon them. "
126. Emanuel Swedenborg: 1688-1772, the
Swedish scientist and inventor who after 1747 became a visionary and religious writer because of what he took to be divine revela- tion. His theosophic system as set forth in Divine Love and Wisdom rhymes with Pound's light / intelligence metaphors for divinity manifest in the universe. In ES a divine sphere, which emanates from God, appears in the spiritual world as a sun from which flows the sun of the natural world: "The spiritual sun is the source of love and intelligence, or life, and the natural sun the source of nature or the receptacles of life. " There are three spheres all deriving from God incarnate as the Word in Scripture: "This word is an eternal incarnation, with its threefold sense-natural, spiritual, celestial. " It is in the celestial sphere that one should not argue.
127. the lotus: In Oriental religions, the
lotus rhymes somewhat with the "multi- foliate rose" of the West. Pounri may con- ceive it as above the "celestial sphere" because it stands finally for the source of all spheres: "The lotus flower growing out of the navel of Vishnu symbolizes the universe
77/472
growing out of the central sun-the central point or the 'unmoved mover'. . . . In lotus symbolism, the idea of emanation and of realization predominated over that o f the hidden Centre, which is a Western accretion"
[Cirlot, 185].
128. nenuphar: The European water lily or lotus.
129. Kuanon: [74:81].
130. Lethe: [74:505].
131. Barzun: Henri-Martin B. (b. 1881), a
French poet and critic who advocated simultaneisme, an idea Pound discussed in "The Approach to Paris, VII": "Barzun has an idea that we should write poems like orchestral scores with a dozen voices at once . . . I suppose one could learn to read five or ten at once . . . . Of course, there are any number of objections" [New Age, Oct. 16, 1913, 728]. But in a letter to John Quinn in 1918, Pound refers to Barzun as among the lunatics with the Lowells and
Lindsays [L, 134] .
132. anno domini: L, "year of the Lord. "
133. raison: F, "argument" or "proof. " Pound valued Barzun's maxim "Pourquoi doubler ! 'image? " and may well be referring
411
to this idea rather than
[cf. 131 above] [HK].
134. old Andre: A. Spire,
simultaneism
1868-1966,
in returning them lest his servante should see what I was carrying" [PE, 129].
135. Rousselot: Abbe Jean Pierre R. , 1846- 1924, French pioneer in experimental phonetics and in the study of dialect as related to geography and genealogy; author of Precis de Prononciation Franraise (1902). Said Pound: "M. Rousselot . . . had made a machine for measuring the duration o f verbal components" [ibid. ]. Pound wrote in 1920: "M. l'Abbe made such handy little discoveries for . . . the locating of sub- marines, . . . the cannon is just a large beast that roars, and the submarine is someone walking who cannot absolutly muffle the sounds of his footsteps" [Dial, Dec. 1920].
136. De Sousa: Robert de Souza, 1865- 1946, a minor French symbolist poet [cf. 134 above].
137. fin oreille: [fine oreille]: P, "a good
ear. "
138. "Un cure . . . cteguise: F, "A disguised
priest . .
86. Miscio: Michio Ito (ca. 1892? 1961), a
Japanese dancer from a samurai family who
[Sieburth, Pai, 6-3, 382].
"Mang Tsze": "The ethic of Confucius and Mencius is a Nordic ethic. . . . It is concen? trated in the Mencian parable: 'An Archer having missed the bullseye does NOT turn round and blame someone else. He seeks the cause in himselr " [SP, 96] .
74. total sincerity: In Chung Yung Pound said: "Only the most absolute sincerity under heaven can bring the inborn talent to the full and empty the chalice of nature" [CON, 173]. And in "Terminology," for the word "Sincerity," he said: "The precise definition o f the word, pictorially the sun's lance corning to rest on the precise spot verbally" [CON, 20].
75. Tellus: Roman goddess of the earth; the Greek Rhea.
. . .
64. Thales: F1. 6th century B. C. One of the Seven Sages, said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science. Pound relates a story from Aristotle about Thales "wishing to show that a philosopher could easily 'make money' if he had nothing better to do. " He foresaw a bumper crop of olives so he "hired by paying a small deposit, all the olive presses on the islands of Miletus and Chios. When the abundant harvest arrived, everybody went to see Thales" [SP, 172].
65. Siena: In Gold and Work Pound wrote; "The true basis of credit was already known to the founders of. the Monte dei Paschi of Siena at the beginning of the seventeenth century" [SP,339].
66. interest . . . nothing: A recurrent theme in The Cantos and in many of Pound's economic writings [46:26].
67. METATHEMENON: [74:343; 97:77].
68. Le Paradis . . . : [74 :292].
69. KVe7JPCl: H, "Cythera"; Aphrodite.
70. i. mo X8ovos: H, "under the earth" [cf. 26 above].
71. 'YEa: H, "earth. " Reference to men rising out of the earth in full battle-gear in the Cadmus myth. They turned and fought each other until all but five were killed. These assisted Cadmus in building Thebes.
72. "like an arrow . . . ": From Analects
62. 1766 ante Christum:
Christ. " In 1766 B. C. the emperor Ch'eng T'ang opened a copper mine and made money which he gave to the people to buy grain [53:40].
63. Salamis: [74:109,110].
L, "
before
L
X'f, 6: "He said: Straight, and how' the historian Yu. Country properly governed, he was like an arrow; country in chaos he was like an arrow" [CON, 264. ].
73. "Missing . . . himself": Said
Pound
in
76. Pirandello:
Luigi P . ,
1867? 1936. Most
significant o f the modernist Italian drama?
tists [Freud, 91:55]. Pound wrote:
"Pirandello was worried at the news that Cocteau was trying an Oedipus; for a moment he 'feared' or 'had feared' that M. Jean wd. fall into psychoanalysis, and caught himself the next moment with 'No, he won't fall into that mess. It est trop bon poete' " [GK,93].
77. Campari: Cafe C. at Galleria Vittorio Emanuele, Milan. Perhaps Pirandello told the story o f Cocteau there.
78. Dieudonne: [74:178].
79. Voisin: [74:179).
80. Gaudier: G? Brzeska, 1892? 1915, Vor? tieist sculptor killed in WWI, and celebrated by Pound: "Among many good artists . . . there was this one sculptor already great in achievement at the age of twenty? three, incalculably great in promise and in the hopes of his friends" [GR, 17].
81. Miss Lowell: Amy L. , 1874? 1925, an
? 408
77/469-470
77/470-471
409
trained in Japan, in Paris (with Nijinsky and the Ballet Russe), and at a school of eu- rhythmics in Germany. When WWI broke out he fled to London and was reduced to poverty. He lived in a rooming house run by an Irish woman. After pawning about all he had including neckties, he finally went for three days without any hot water or light. "Out of the sixpence he realized from his neckwear he put two pennies into the gasometer and went out to buy some bread with the remainder of his fortune. " That night a painter took him to a party at Lady Ottoline Morrell's where Lady Cunard invited him to dinner the next day. He began dancing at parties, thereafter, for literary and artistic audiences. Once, after he had danced before an audience of 100, a distin- guished gentleman asked him about Japanese art. Ito could not speak English but said that if he might speak German he could answer. The gentleman, no less than Prime Minister Asquith, concurred and they spoke quite
easily in German [Caldwell, Michio, 40-41]. 87. Ainley: Henry A. , an actor who played
the part of Cuchulain in At the Hawk's Well, by Yeats. Allan Wade played the Old Man and Michio Ito the Guardian of the Well. The line in quotes is probably a remark made by Ito during a rehearsal. The play was performed on the afternoon of April 2, 1916 in Lady Cunard's drawing room. Yeats said later of these days: "I shall not soon forget the rehearsal of The Hawk's Well, when Mr. Ezra Pound, who had never acted on any stage, in the absence of one chief player rehearsed for half an hour" [Plays, 214].
88. Mrs Tinkey: Prob. the Irish landlady of Ito.
. . .
[was] 'Jap'nese dance all time overcoat' "
[L,335].
90. Jack Dempsey: William Harrison D. , 1895? 1983, American heavyweight boxing champion, 1919? 1926.
91. Mr Wilson: Tom Wilson, DTC trainee [74:257]. A popular song sung by Mr. Wilson had these lines: "My girl's got great big tits / Just like Jack Dempsey's mitts"
[DG].
92. old Dublin pilot: In a piece entitled "John Synge and the Habits of Criticism" [The Egoist, Feb. 2, 1914], Pound said: "'She was so fine and she was so healthy that you could have cracked a flea on either of her breasts,' said the old sea captain bragging about the loves of his youth. It seems a shame that the only man who could have made any real use of that glorious
phrase in literature is dead. "
93. precise definition: [cf. 74 above].
94. bel seno: I, "beautiful bosom. " in rimas escarsas: P, "in rare rhymes. " vide sopra: L, "see above. "
95. Amo: River in central Italy. The 2 mountains so divided make an enormous, if not beautiful, bosom.
96. ! :;1/Ili]T1/P: H, "Demeter. " Goddess of harvest [47: 3] .
97. copulatrix: L, "one who copulates. "
98. Ciano: Conte Galeazzo Ciano di Corte- lazzo, 1903-44, Italian statesman, secretary of state of press and propaganda (1935), minister of foreign affairs (1936-43), ambas? sador to the Holy See (1943). He was the son-in-law of Mussolini, and according to many, a treacherous stuffed? shirt type guilty of corruption and profiteering [Anderson, Pai, 6? 2, 244].
99. the admiral: Ubaldo degli Uberti, 1881-1945, a longtime Italian naval officer who retired in 1931 but returned to service during WWII, at which time he was pro- moted to admiral. Since early 1934 Uberti and his family had been friends of Pound. They had similar political and literary sympathies, and Uberti assisted in translating Pound and getting his work published. Pound saw Uberti often during his last months in Rome. His son Riccardo provided the ski shoes he wore on his walk (after the fall of the government) north to join his
daughter. The "he" in the line is Mussolini. The Italian fleet was surrendered to the Allies 8? 10 Sept. 1943. Admiral Uberti was ambushed and shot by a platoon of Russian-German soldiers who thought his car belonged to partisans. He died in hospital 28 April 1945, a few days before Pound arrived at the DTC [Uberti, "History of a Friendship," 105].
100. Chilanti: Felice C. , 1914?
1982, ajour- nalist and novelist Pound knew and visited often in the early 1940s. He was a member of a group of dissident Fascists Pound listened to but didn't agree with. In 1972 he wrote "Ezra Pound among the Seditious in the 1940s" [Anderson,Pai, 6-2, 235? 250].
101. 12 . . . daughter:
Pound's many visits to Chilanti's group, she used to listen avidly to all the talk and sometimes "sat on his knees while he cast about for answers which would satisfy him"
[ibid. , 240] .
102. Sold . . . Gais: The village in the Tyrol where Mary, the daughter of Pound and Olga Rudge, was brought up and about which Mary de Rachewiltz (M de R) writes so memorably in Discretions: "All that is gone now. In its place there is a new school, a post office, a hotel and a cement factory near the river" [for the quote and the cattle bedding see Discretions, 35? 37].
103. Chung Ni: Confucius [53:148]. Re? prise of "Mongols are fallen / from losing the law of Chung Ni" [56/308], which derives from De Mailla, Histoire, X, 23.
104. alpino's statue: "The monument to the A lpint in the Piazza in Bruneck has always been one of the Tyrolean Targets for anti- Italian manifestations. In September 1943 they placed beside it an empty valise, to remind Italians it was time to pack up and
leave" [M de R, 194].
105. Brunik: [Bruneck]: A town in the Italian Tyrol.
106. Dalmatia: Territory on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea which became Yugoslavia and Albania; its indigenous people had no enthusiasm for Italian encroachments.
107. treasure of honesty . . . : A recurrent theme in Confucian writings: "A state does not profit by profits. Honesty is the treasure of states" [CON, 87? 89].
108. dog? damn . . . labour: These several lines concern the conviction of many of Mussolini's followers (prob. including Pound) that his government fell riot because of his shortcomings (or the difficulty of Fascism as an ideology) but because of fraud and corruption in the bureaucracy. By Sep- tember 23, 1943 M had formed La Repub? blica de Sa16. Although the 20 years' labour of the old had been ruined, M's new program would work. Pound seemed to hope and dream so. Jactancy (ostentatious public boasting) would be replaced by work
[M de R, 194? 196].
109. Petano: Since there is no town in Italy of this name', it is prob. an error for Adana. John Hersey's novel A Bell for Adana (1945) may have evoked the line. Mary de Rachewiltz remembers that her father read the book around 1945.
110. Alice and Edmee: Edmee refers to Edmund Dulac, 1882-1953, a French artist, who married Alice May de Marini in 1903. He had done colored illustrations for The Arabian Nights (1907), The Tempest
o f Omar
[L, 42n, 47, 93, 95, 104]. Maybe Ed and Alice had a multicolored mutt named Arlechino.
111. Arlechino: I, "Harlequin. " Central character in the Commedia del Arte who usually appears in a bright, multicolored costume. Perhaps a multicolored mutt at the DTC was so named by Pound.
112. "'" 'j6", ee,,: H, "and Ida goddess" [cf. 50 above].
89. "Jap'nese
tainly impressed Pound. In a letter to Katue Kitasono, 22 Jan. 1940, he said:. "Ito's first remark to me in 1914 or '15
: This
remark of Ito cer-
~,
) L
Tati C.
During
(1908), and The
Khdyyam (1909). Although born in Tau? louse, he settled in London in 1905 and became a British citizen in 1912. Pound knew him when they were both on the faculty of "The College of Arts" in 1914, an outfit organized to serve students during the difficult years of WWI. Pound mentions him in a number ofletters in this connection
Rubdiyat
? 410
113. Apollo: Helios, the sun.
114. E la Miranda: J, "and the Miranda. " Isa Miranda (Ines Isabella Sampietro, b. 1909), famous Italian actress who did stage work in Italy, France, the U. K. , and the U. s. A. , as well as films for famous directors in all these countries. Her first film role, La Signora di tutti (1934), established her reputation. She had done 10 major films before 1945, including one. in Hollywood opposite Ray Milland: Hotel Imperial (1939).
lIS. Romano Ramona: Prob. a guard in the
DTC cadre.
116. VA1): H, "shit. "
117. Margherita: An abandoned child brought up by the same family Mary was housed with. Everyone called her Margit. On a visit once Pound brought little Mary "a diapason" (tuning fork) as a gift: "He said it served to set the right tone when singing or playing an instrument. I said Margherita could give the right tone by ear and if we sang at two voices she first started out on my note and then found hers"
[M de R, 44].
118. 0 . . . griefs: Reminiscence of Hopkins,
"Spring and Fall: To a young child," a
IS-line lyric which starts, "Margaret, are you
grieving. " [MSB note: "Margaret Cravens committed suicide back in 1912. "]
119. Lanier: Sidney L. , 1842-1881, Ameri- can poet and musician who wrote The Symphony, a long epic poem in which he discusses the interaction of trade and ethics
[89:123]_
120. Jeff Davis: Jefferson D. , 1808-1889, president of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865).
121. Atreus: King of Mycenae_ Son of
Pelops, who brought a curse on his house. Thyestes, Atreus's brother, seduced Atreus's wife; Atreus murdered three of the four sons of Thyestes and served them to their father. Thyestes iaid a curse on the house of Atreus which descended upon his sons, Agamemnon and Menelaus: hence, the doom which seemed to haunt the South as a similar curse.
77/471-472 122. Mercury: The Roman equivalent of the
god Hermes; the caduceus o f Mercury,
the insignia of the medical branch of the U. S. Army, is a wing-topped staff with two snakes winding about it.
123. Buddha: The past participle of the verb budon ("to enlighten"). Thus Gautama Siddhatha became "the Enlightened One" and the central prophet of certain branches of Hindu-Sino-Japanese religions. Pound's anti-Buddhist bias [98: 65-67] makes the phrase "Born with B's eye" pejorative.
124. Mason and Dil<on: The imaginary line
that separated slave states in the South from nonslave states in the North. From the English astronomers Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, who surveyed the line between Pennsylvania and Maryland.
125. lis . . . existence: F, "They don't exist,
their surroundings confer an existence upon them. "
126. Emanuel Swedenborg: 1688-1772, the
Swedish scientist and inventor who after 1747 became a visionary and religious writer because of what he took to be divine revela- tion. His theosophic system as set forth in Divine Love and Wisdom rhymes with Pound's light / intelligence metaphors for divinity manifest in the universe. In ES a divine sphere, which emanates from God, appears in the spiritual world as a sun from which flows the sun of the natural world: "The spiritual sun is the source of love and intelligence, or life, and the natural sun the source of nature or the receptacles of life. " There are three spheres all deriving from God incarnate as the Word in Scripture: "This word is an eternal incarnation, with its threefold sense-natural, spiritual, celestial. " It is in the celestial sphere that one should not argue.
127. the lotus: In Oriental religions, the
lotus rhymes somewhat with the "multi- foliate rose" of the West. Pounri may con- ceive it as above the "celestial sphere" because it stands finally for the source of all spheres: "The lotus flower growing out of the navel of Vishnu symbolizes the universe
77/472
growing out of the central sun-the central point or the 'unmoved mover'. . . . In lotus symbolism, the idea of emanation and of realization predominated over that o f the hidden Centre, which is a Western accretion"
[Cirlot, 185].
128. nenuphar: The European water lily or lotus.
129. Kuanon: [74:81].
130. Lethe: [74:505].
131. Barzun: Henri-Martin B. (b. 1881), a
French poet and critic who advocated simultaneisme, an idea Pound discussed in "The Approach to Paris, VII": "Barzun has an idea that we should write poems like orchestral scores with a dozen voices at once . . . I suppose one could learn to read five or ten at once . . . . Of course, there are any number of objections" [New Age, Oct. 16, 1913, 728]. But in a letter to John Quinn in 1918, Pound refers to Barzun as among the lunatics with the Lowells and
Lindsays [L, 134] .
132. anno domini: L, "year of the Lord. "
133. raison: F, "argument" or "proof. " Pound valued Barzun's maxim "Pourquoi doubler ! 'image? " and may well be referring
411
to this idea rather than
[cf. 131 above] [HK].
134. old Andre: A. Spire,
simultaneism
1868-1966,
in returning them lest his servante should see what I was carrying" [PE, 129].
135. Rousselot: Abbe Jean Pierre R. , 1846- 1924, French pioneer in experimental phonetics and in the study of dialect as related to geography and genealogy; author of Precis de Prononciation Franraise (1902). Said Pound: "M. Rousselot . . . had made a machine for measuring the duration o f verbal components" [ibid. ]. Pound wrote in 1920: "M. l'Abbe made such handy little discoveries for . . . the locating of sub- marines, . . . the cannon is just a large beast that roars, and the submarine is someone walking who cannot absolutly muffle the sounds of his footsteps" [Dial, Dec. 1920].
136. De Sousa: Robert de Souza, 1865- 1946, a minor French symbolist poet [cf. 134 above].
137. fin oreille: [fine oreille]: P, "a good
ear. "
138. "Un cure . . . cteguise: F, "A disguised
priest . .
