145) tells us that Fortuna Virilis was worshipped |
happened
about a.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
s.
v.
Fonteius.
) Cicero
that the race was descended from Fontus, who, we enumerates the offices borne by M. or M. Fonteius
learn from Arnobius (adv. Gentes, ii. 29), was in the following order. 'He was a triumvir, but
N 2
2013 No
putem
IPPA HERODES, 2), stood
ning beside bis triberal
trymen. At the feast of
D. 65, three milhong
Gallos (GALLOS), the
st the tyranny of Festes
obtained as a fisi
ot, while Florus stood at
ding the suppliants, and
Jusly escorted him fra
Tatred to Florus ratbe
all Agrippa's efforts in
ebellion of the Jews
e out, all parties repte
al cause. It is deals
d in the insurrection ar
wecorded by Saetoris
but not implied by
t, Joseph. ll. a 200
$ 3, B. J. i. 15, 61,
r. Hist. ii 42; Eze
le is sometimes called
(W. B. D. ]
dressed by Horze i
, as we learn from tive
of Claudius Tiberias
despatched by Asya
ne throne of Armenia
8 to Porphyrion, the
it would seen, the
satirical works of Es
It is not improbable
tioned as a pupil of
Coxtror, ir. 35),
nis pieces, apparendt
Risines| We at
Julius Flores obom
in the foremost ran's
since be eventually
w
at country (sans
m) empezad), and it
Tee are one and the
## p. 180 (#196) ############################################
180
FONTEIUS
FORTUXA.
whether for apportioning land, conducting a colony, 6. P. Fonteius, a youth of obscure family,
or of the public treasury, is unknown. He was whom P. Clodius Pulcher (CLAUDIUS, No. 40. )
quaestor between B. C. 86—83. In B. c. 83 he chose for his adopted father, when, in order to
was legatus, with the title of Pro-quaestor in qualify himself for the tribunate of the plebs, he
Further Spain, and afterwards legatus in Mace- passed at the end of B. c. 60, from the patrician
donia, when he repressed the incursions of the house of the Claudii to the plebeian Fonteii
. The
Thracian tribes into the Roman province. The whole proceeding was illegal and absurd. Fon
date of his praetorship is uncertain, but he governed, teius was married and had three children, therefore
as his praetorian province, Narbonnese Gaul, be there was no plea for adoption; he was scarcely
tween B. c. 76—73, since he remained three years twenty years old, while Clodius was thirty-five ;
in his government, and in 75 sent provisions, mili- the rogation was hurried through, and the auspices
tary stores, and recruits to Metellus Pius and Cn. were slighted. After the ceremony was completed,
Pompey, who were then occupied with the Serto the first paterial act of Fonteius was to emancipate
rian war in Spain. His exactions for this purpose his adopted son. (Cic. pro Dom. 13, Harusp. Re-
formed one of the charges brought against him by spons. 27. )
the provincials. He returned to Rome in B. c. 73-2, FONTEIUS MAGNUS, a pleader of causes,
but he was not prosecuted for extortion and mis- and probably a native of Bithynia, who was one of
government until B. C. 69. M. Plaetorius was the the accusers of Rufus Varcnus for extortion while
conductor, M. Fabius subscriptor of the prosecution. proconsul of Bithynia. Pliny the younger de-
With few exceptions, the principal inhabitants of fended Varenus, and Fonteius spoke in reply to
Narbonne appeared at Rome as witnesses against him. (Plin. Er. v. 20, vii. 6. ) (W. B. D. )
Fonteius, but the most distinguished among them FONTINA'LIS, an agnomen of A. Aternius,
was Induciomarus, a chief of the Allobroges. The consul in B. C. 454. (ATERNIUS ]
trial was in many respects important; but our FONTUS, a Roman divinity, and believed to
knowledge of the cause, as well as of the history be a son of Janus. He had an altar on the Jani-
of M. Fonteius himself, is limited to the partial and culus, which derived its name from his father, and
fragmentary speech of his advocate, Cicero. The on which Numa was believed to be buried. He
prosecution was an experiment of the new law- was a brother of Volturnus. (Cic. de Leg. ii. 22;
Lex Aurelia de Judiciis—which had been passed Arnob. iii. 29. ) The name of this divinity is con-
at the close of B. c. 70, and which took away the nected with fons, a well ; and he was the personi-
judicia from the senate alone, and enacted that the fication of the flowing waters. On the 13th of
judices be chosen equally from the senators, the October the Romans celebrated the festival of the
equites, and the tribuni aerarii. It was also the wells, called Fontinalia, at which the wells were
year of Cicero's aedileship, and the prosecutor of adorned with garlands, and flowers thrown into
Verres now came forward to defend a humbler them. (Varro, de L. L. vi. 22; Festus, s. r. Fon-
but a similar criminal. Fonteius procured from tinalia. )
(L. S. )
every province which he had governed witnesses FORNAX, a Roman goddess, who is said to
to his official cbaracter from Spain and Ma- have been worshipped that she might ripen the
cedonia, from Narbo Martius and Marseille, corn, and prevent its being burnt in baking in the
from the camp of Pompey, and from the com- oven. (Fornar. ) Her festival, the Fornacalia,
panies of revenue-farmers and merchants whom he was announced by the curio maximus. (Or. Fast.
had protected or connived at during his adminis- ii. 525, &c. ; Festus, s. v. Fornacalia. ) Hartung
tration. He was charged, as far as we can infer (die Relig. d. Röm. vol. ii. p. 107) considers her to
from Cicero's speech (Pro Fonteio), with defraud- be identical with Vesta. (Dict. of Ant. s. r. Forna-
ing his creditors while quaestor ; with imposing an calia. )
(L. S. )
exorbitant tax on the wines of Narbonne ; and FORTU'NA, the goddess of chance or good
with selling exemptions from the repair of the luck, was worshipped both in Greece and Italy,
roads of the province, so that both were the roads and more particularly at Rome, where she was
impassable, and those who could not afford to buy considered as the steady goddess of good luck,
exemptions were burdened with the duty of the success, and every kind of prosperity. The great
exempted. Cicero denies the charge of fraud, but confidence which the Romans placed in her is ex-
of the complaints respecting the wine-tax and the pressed in the story related by Plutarch (de For-
roads, he says that they were grave, if true ; and titud. Rom. 4), that on entering Rome she put off
that they were true, and that Fonteius was really her wings and shoes, and threw away the globe, as
guilty, are probable from the vague declamation in she intended to take up her permanent abode
which his advocate indulges throughout his de- among the Romans. Her worship is traced
fence. Whether Fonteius were acquitted is not to the reign of Ancus Martius and Servius
known ; but, as he would have been fined or ex- | Tullius, and the latter is said to have built
iled if pronounced guilty, and as we read of his two temples to her, the one in the forum
purchasing, after his trial, a sumptuous house — boarium, and the other on the banks of the Tiber.
the domus Rabiriana (Cic. ad Att. i. 6. ), at Naples, (Plut. l. c. 5, 10; Dionys. iv. 27; Liv. x. 46 ;
B. C. 68, it is more probable that the sentence of Ov. Fast. vi. 570. ) The Romans mention her
the judices was favorable. (Cic. pro Font. ; Ju- with a variety of surnames and epithets, as publica,
lius Victor, in Font. Fragm. ; Drumann, Gesch. prirata, muliebris (said to have originated at the
Rom. vol. v. pp. 329-334, by whom an analysis time when Coriolanus was prevented by the en-
of Cicero's speech is given. The fragments we treaties of the women from destroying Rome, Plut.
possess belong to the second speech for the defence. 1. c. ), regina, conservatris, primigenia, virilis, &c.
Each party spoke twice, and Cicero each time in Fortuna Virginensis was worshipped by newly-
reply. (Cic. pro Font. 13. ) Quintilian (ri. 3 851) married women, who dedicated their maiden gar-
cites pro Font. 3. & 7, as an example of enigmatic ments and girdle in her temple. (Amob. . 67 ;
allusion. )
Augustin. de Civ. Dei, iv. 11. ) Orid (Fast. iv.
## p. 181 (#197) ############################################
* FRONTINUS.
181
FRONTINUS.
Na. 40. )
order to
e plebs he
ne pathra
onteii. The
surd F
en, there
Tas same
thirty-ime;
the ansares
as one pleten
= to emanca
5, Harus. His
ader of cares
who was cos
extortion shte
he younger de
poke in neste
[W. B. D. ]
of A. Atenus
. )
. and beliered to
altar on the Jos
om his father, and
to be baried. He
Cic. de Leg. 22;
this divinity is co-
he was the persona
- On the la
ed the festival of the
nich the vell vez
fiowers thrown in
2; Festus, 26. F.
145) tells us that Fortuna Virilis was worshipped | happened about a. d. 106, since his seat in the
by women, who prayed to her that she might pre-college was bestowed upon the younger Pliny soon
serve their charms, and thus enable them to please after that period. From an epigram in Martial we
their husbands. Her surnames, in general, express might conclude that he was twice elevated to the
either particular kinds of good luck or the per- consulship ; but since his name does not appear in
sons or classes of persons to whom she granted the Fasti, we are unable to determine the dates,
it. Her worship was of great importance also at although, as stated above, we may infer that this
Antium and Praeneste, where her sortes or oracles honour was bestowed upon him, for the first time
were very celebrated. (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Oracu at least, before his journey to Britain, since the
lum; Hartung, die Relig. d. Röm. vol. ii. p. 233, generals despatched to command that province
&c. Comp. Tyche. )
(L. S. ] were generally consulars.
FORTUNATIANUS, ATI'LIUS, a Latin Two works undoubtedly by this author are still
grammarian, author of a treatise (Ars) upon pros- extant:-1. Strategematicon Libri IV. or, if we ob-
ody, and the metres of Horace, which will be serve the distinction drawn by the author, Strate-
found in the collection of Putschius. The work is gematicon Libri III. and Strategicon Liber unus,
extremely defective and in great confusion, the forming a sort of treatise on the art of war, de-
different parts being in many places jumbled toge-veloped in a collection of the sayings and doings
ther in defiance of all order or arrangement. For- of the most renowned leaders of antiquity. The
tunatianus cannot be later than the fifth century, anecdotes in the first book relate to the various con-
since he is quoted by Cassiodorus, and his diction, tingencies which may precede a battle, those in
as exhibited in an epistle dedicatory addressed to the second to the battle itself and its results, those
a young senator (p. 2685, ed. Putsch. ), is very in the third to the forming and raising of sieges,
pure and graceful.
[W. R. ] while those in the fourth, or the Strategica, com-
FORTUNATIANUS, CU'RIUS or CHI'- prehend various topics connected with the internal
RIUS, a Roman lawyer, flourished about the discipline of an army and the duties of the com-
middle of the fifth century after Christ, a short time mander. This compilation, which presents no par-
before Cassiodorus, by whom he is quoted. He ticular attractions in style, and seems to have been
drew up a compendium of technical rhetoric, by formed without any very critical investigation of the
way of question and answer, in three books,
com- authorities from which some of the stories are derived,
piled from the chief ancient authorities both Greek must have been published about A. D. 84, soon after
and Latin, under the title Curii Fortunatiani Con- the return of Frontinus from Britain, for we find
sulti Artis Rhetoricae Scholicae Libri tres, a produc- Domitian named more than once with the title of
tion which at one period was held in high esteem Germanicus, together with frequent allusions to the
as a manual, from being at once comprehensive and German war, but no notice whatsoever of the Dacian
concise.
or other subsequent campaigns.
This writer must not be confounded with the II. De Aquaeductibus Urbis Romae Libri II. , a
Curius Fortunatianus who, as we are told by Capi- treatise, composed, as we have already pointed out,
tolinus (Max. et Balb. 4), composed a history of after the year 97. The language is plain and un-
the reign of Maximus and Balbinus, nor with pretending, while the matter forms a valuable con-
Fortunatianus, an African, bishop of Aquileia, tribution to the history of architecture.
mentioned by St. Jerome ( de Viris IU. 97) as a We learn from the preface to the Strategematica,
commentator on the Gospels.
that Frontinus had previously written an essay De
The Editio Princeps of the Ars Rhetorica was Scientia Militari, and Aelian speaks of a disqui-
printed at Venice, fol. 1523, in a volume contain- sition on the tactics employed in the age of Homer,
ing Rufinianus and other authors upon the same both of which are lost.
subject ; a second edition, revised by P. Nannius, The Editio Princeps of the Strategematica was
appeared at Louvain, 8vo. 1550; a third, by Ery- printed by Euch. Silber, 4to. Rom. 1487. The
thraeus, at Strasburg, 8vo. 1568. The piece will best editions are that of F. Oudendorp, 8vo. Lug.
be found also in the “ Rhetores Latini Antiqui," Bat. 1731, reprinted, with additions and cor-
of Pithou, Paris, 4to. 1599, p. 38–78. [W. Ř. ] rections, by Con. Oudendorp, 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1779,
FOʻSLIA GENS, patrician, of which only one and that of Schwebel, 8vo. Lips. 1772.
family name, FLACCINATOR, appears in history. There is an early translation into our own lan-
The family was early extinct. (W. B. D. ] guage dedicated to Henry VIII. , entitled “The
FRANGO. [FANGO. )
Stratagems, Sleyghtes, and Policies of Warre,
FRONTI'NUS, SEX. JULIUS, of whose gathered together by S. Julius Frontinus, and
origin and early career we know nothing, first ap translated into English by Rycharde Morysine,"
pears in history under Vespasian, at the beginning 8vo. Lond. 1539 ; and another by M. D. A. B. D.
of a. p. 70, as praetor urbanus, an office which he 12mo. Lond. 1686, to which is added a new col-
speedily resigned in order to make way for Do lection of the most noted stratagems and brave ex.
mitian, and it is probable that he was one of the ploits of modern generals ; with a short account of
consules suffecti in A. D. 74. In the course of the the weapons offensive and defensive, and engines
following year he succeeded Cerealis as governor commonly used in war. ” There are also transla-
of Britain, where he distinguished himself by the tions into German by Schöffer, fol. Meyntz, 1582,
conquest of the Silures, and maintained the Roman by Motschidler, 8vo. Wittemberg, 1540 ; by
power unbroken until superseded by Agricola in Tacius, fol. Ingolst. 1542, including Vegetius, re-
A. D. 78. In the third consulship of Nerva printed fol. Frank. 1578 ; and by Kind, 8vo. Leips.
(A. D. 97) Frontinus was nominated curator | 1750, along with Polyaenus : into French by
aquarum, an appointment never conferred, as he Remy Rousseau, about 1514; by Wolkir, foi.
himself informs us, except upon the leading men of Paris, 1536, along with Vegetius; by Perrot, 4to.
the state (de Aq. 1; comp. 102); he also enjoyed Paris, 1664; and anonymous, 8vo. Paris, 1772:
the high dignity of augur, and his death must have into Italian by Fr. Lucio Durantino, 8vo. Vineg.
N 3
[LS]
Idess, who is said to
she might ripen the
jurnt in baking in the
stival, the Fornacala
| maximus. (Or. Fes
Fornacalma. ) Hartung
p. 107) considers hers
Dict. of Ant. se Forms
[LS]
dess of chance or good
h in Greece and 12
· Rome, where she 72
goddess of gxd locks
of prosperity. The great
mans placed in beries
ited by Plutarch (de For
entering Rome sbe pot of
d threw away the globe
, 3
op her permanent abode
Her worship is traced
icus Martius and Serra
ter is said to have been
f, the one in the first
er on the banks of the Tūbe.
Dionys. ir. 27; Lir. I 46;
The Romans mention her
names and epithets, as publics
said to have originated at the
us was prevented by the e
en from destroying Rome
, Plut
roatris, primigenin, eines de
ho dedicated their maiden per
in her temple. (Arred. ü &
Dei; iv, 11. ) Orid (Fast is
worshipped by nes!
is was
.
## p. 182 (#198) ############################################
182
FRONTINUS.
FRONTINUS.
1537 ; by Com. de Trino, 8vo. Venet. 1541 ; by 1 biliores Reliquiae, Paris, 1843, p. 7, n. 2, doubts
Alov. de Tortis, 8vo. Venet. 1543; by Ant. Gan- whether the fragment De Agrorum Qualitate is
dino, 4to. Venet. 1574: into Spanish by Didac. properly attributed to Frontinus, and seems in-
Guillen. de Avila, 4to. Salamanca, 1516; a list clined to refer it to Balbus. In support of this
which forcibly indicates the interest excited by doubt he cites the Prolegomena of Polenus, p. 16,
such topics in the sixteenth century.
prefixed to the edition by Polenus of Frontinus,
The Editio Princeps of the De Aquaeductibus, in De Aquaeduct. 4to. Patav. 1722. It should be ob-
folio, is without date, but is known to have been served that the fragment to which these doubts
printed at Rome, by Herolt, about_1490. The apply is not (as Giraud seems to suppose) the frag-
best edition is that of Polenus, 4to. Patav, 17:22, ment De Agrorum Qualitate (p. 38, Goes. , p. 12,
to which we may add the translation by Rondelet, Giraud), but the fragment which we have already
4to. Paris, 1820.
treated of in the preceding paragraph, addressed to
The collected works were edited with the notes Celsus, and wrongly headed in Goesius, p. 28.
of the earlier commentators, by Keuchen, 8vo. 3. Next follows (p. 39) the fragment headed
Amst. 1661.
De Controversiis, which consists of short and muti-
The Strategematica will be found in the various lated extracts from the beginnings of chapters in
collections of the “Veteres de Re Militari Scripto the work of. Frontinus on the same subject. The
res," of which the most complete is that published Controversiae Agrorum, which were fifteen in num-
by Scriverius, 4to. Lug. Bat. 1607.
ber, were disputes connected with land, most of
The De Aquaeductibus is included in the “The which were decided not jure ordinario, but by agri-
saurus Antiquitatum Romanarum” of Graevius, mensores, who gave judgment according to the rules
where it is accompanied by the voluminous disser- of their art. In other cases, or, perhaps, in
tations of Fabretti.
earlier times three arbitri, appointed under a law
(Tac. Hist. iv. 38, Agric. 17 ; Plin. Epist. iv. 8 ; of the Twelve Tables, or a single arbiter, ap-
x. 8 ; Mart. Epigr. x. 4, 8, but we cannot be cer- pointed under the Lex Mamilia (Cic. de Leg. i. 21),
tain that he alludes to our Frontinus ; Aelian, pronounced a decision, after having received a re-
Tact. ); Veget. ï.
that the race was descended from Fontus, who, we enumerates the offices borne by M. or M. Fonteius
learn from Arnobius (adv. Gentes, ii. 29), was in the following order. 'He was a triumvir, but
N 2
2013 No
putem
IPPA HERODES, 2), stood
ning beside bis triberal
trymen. At the feast of
D. 65, three milhong
Gallos (GALLOS), the
st the tyranny of Festes
obtained as a fisi
ot, while Florus stood at
ding the suppliants, and
Jusly escorted him fra
Tatred to Florus ratbe
all Agrippa's efforts in
ebellion of the Jews
e out, all parties repte
al cause. It is deals
d in the insurrection ar
wecorded by Saetoris
but not implied by
t, Joseph. ll. a 200
$ 3, B. J. i. 15, 61,
r. Hist. ii 42; Eze
le is sometimes called
(W. B. D. ]
dressed by Horze i
, as we learn from tive
of Claudius Tiberias
despatched by Asya
ne throne of Armenia
8 to Porphyrion, the
it would seen, the
satirical works of Es
It is not improbable
tioned as a pupil of
Coxtror, ir. 35),
nis pieces, apparendt
Risines| We at
Julius Flores obom
in the foremost ran's
since be eventually
w
at country (sans
m) empezad), and it
Tee are one and the
## p. 180 (#196) ############################################
180
FONTEIUS
FORTUXA.
whether for apportioning land, conducting a colony, 6. P. Fonteius, a youth of obscure family,
or of the public treasury, is unknown. He was whom P. Clodius Pulcher (CLAUDIUS, No. 40. )
quaestor between B. C. 86—83. In B. c. 83 he chose for his adopted father, when, in order to
was legatus, with the title of Pro-quaestor in qualify himself for the tribunate of the plebs, he
Further Spain, and afterwards legatus in Mace- passed at the end of B. c. 60, from the patrician
donia, when he repressed the incursions of the house of the Claudii to the plebeian Fonteii
. The
Thracian tribes into the Roman province. The whole proceeding was illegal and absurd. Fon
date of his praetorship is uncertain, but he governed, teius was married and had three children, therefore
as his praetorian province, Narbonnese Gaul, be there was no plea for adoption; he was scarcely
tween B. c. 76—73, since he remained three years twenty years old, while Clodius was thirty-five ;
in his government, and in 75 sent provisions, mili- the rogation was hurried through, and the auspices
tary stores, and recruits to Metellus Pius and Cn. were slighted. After the ceremony was completed,
Pompey, who were then occupied with the Serto the first paterial act of Fonteius was to emancipate
rian war in Spain. His exactions for this purpose his adopted son. (Cic. pro Dom. 13, Harusp. Re-
formed one of the charges brought against him by spons. 27. )
the provincials. He returned to Rome in B. c. 73-2, FONTEIUS MAGNUS, a pleader of causes,
but he was not prosecuted for extortion and mis- and probably a native of Bithynia, who was one of
government until B. C. 69. M. Plaetorius was the the accusers of Rufus Varcnus for extortion while
conductor, M. Fabius subscriptor of the prosecution. proconsul of Bithynia. Pliny the younger de-
With few exceptions, the principal inhabitants of fended Varenus, and Fonteius spoke in reply to
Narbonne appeared at Rome as witnesses against him. (Plin. Er. v. 20, vii. 6. ) (W. B. D. )
Fonteius, but the most distinguished among them FONTINA'LIS, an agnomen of A. Aternius,
was Induciomarus, a chief of the Allobroges. The consul in B. C. 454. (ATERNIUS ]
trial was in many respects important; but our FONTUS, a Roman divinity, and believed to
knowledge of the cause, as well as of the history be a son of Janus. He had an altar on the Jani-
of M. Fonteius himself, is limited to the partial and culus, which derived its name from his father, and
fragmentary speech of his advocate, Cicero. The on which Numa was believed to be buried. He
prosecution was an experiment of the new law- was a brother of Volturnus. (Cic. de Leg. ii. 22;
Lex Aurelia de Judiciis—which had been passed Arnob. iii. 29. ) The name of this divinity is con-
at the close of B. c. 70, and which took away the nected with fons, a well ; and he was the personi-
judicia from the senate alone, and enacted that the fication of the flowing waters. On the 13th of
judices be chosen equally from the senators, the October the Romans celebrated the festival of the
equites, and the tribuni aerarii. It was also the wells, called Fontinalia, at which the wells were
year of Cicero's aedileship, and the prosecutor of adorned with garlands, and flowers thrown into
Verres now came forward to defend a humbler them. (Varro, de L. L. vi. 22; Festus, s. r. Fon-
but a similar criminal. Fonteius procured from tinalia. )
(L. S. )
every province which he had governed witnesses FORNAX, a Roman goddess, who is said to
to his official cbaracter from Spain and Ma- have been worshipped that she might ripen the
cedonia, from Narbo Martius and Marseille, corn, and prevent its being burnt in baking in the
from the camp of Pompey, and from the com- oven. (Fornar. ) Her festival, the Fornacalia,
panies of revenue-farmers and merchants whom he was announced by the curio maximus. (Or. Fast.
had protected or connived at during his adminis- ii. 525, &c. ; Festus, s. v. Fornacalia. ) Hartung
tration. He was charged, as far as we can infer (die Relig. d. Röm. vol. ii. p. 107) considers her to
from Cicero's speech (Pro Fonteio), with defraud- be identical with Vesta. (Dict. of Ant. s. r. Forna-
ing his creditors while quaestor ; with imposing an calia. )
(L. S. )
exorbitant tax on the wines of Narbonne ; and FORTU'NA, the goddess of chance or good
with selling exemptions from the repair of the luck, was worshipped both in Greece and Italy,
roads of the province, so that both were the roads and more particularly at Rome, where she was
impassable, and those who could not afford to buy considered as the steady goddess of good luck,
exemptions were burdened with the duty of the success, and every kind of prosperity. The great
exempted. Cicero denies the charge of fraud, but confidence which the Romans placed in her is ex-
of the complaints respecting the wine-tax and the pressed in the story related by Plutarch (de For-
roads, he says that they were grave, if true ; and titud. Rom. 4), that on entering Rome she put off
that they were true, and that Fonteius was really her wings and shoes, and threw away the globe, as
guilty, are probable from the vague declamation in she intended to take up her permanent abode
which his advocate indulges throughout his de- among the Romans. Her worship is traced
fence. Whether Fonteius were acquitted is not to the reign of Ancus Martius and Servius
known ; but, as he would have been fined or ex- | Tullius, and the latter is said to have built
iled if pronounced guilty, and as we read of his two temples to her, the one in the forum
purchasing, after his trial, a sumptuous house — boarium, and the other on the banks of the Tiber.
the domus Rabiriana (Cic. ad Att. i. 6. ), at Naples, (Plut. l. c. 5, 10; Dionys. iv. 27; Liv. x. 46 ;
B. C. 68, it is more probable that the sentence of Ov. Fast. vi. 570. ) The Romans mention her
the judices was favorable. (Cic. pro Font. ; Ju- with a variety of surnames and epithets, as publica,
lius Victor, in Font. Fragm. ; Drumann, Gesch. prirata, muliebris (said to have originated at the
Rom. vol. v. pp. 329-334, by whom an analysis time when Coriolanus was prevented by the en-
of Cicero's speech is given. The fragments we treaties of the women from destroying Rome, Plut.
possess belong to the second speech for the defence. 1. c. ), regina, conservatris, primigenia, virilis, &c.
Each party spoke twice, and Cicero each time in Fortuna Virginensis was worshipped by newly-
reply. (Cic. pro Font. 13. ) Quintilian (ri. 3 851) married women, who dedicated their maiden gar-
cites pro Font. 3. & 7, as an example of enigmatic ments and girdle in her temple. (Amob. . 67 ;
allusion. )
Augustin. de Civ. Dei, iv. 11. ) Orid (Fast. iv.
## p. 181 (#197) ############################################
* FRONTINUS.
181
FRONTINUS.
Na. 40. )
order to
e plebs he
ne pathra
onteii. The
surd F
en, there
Tas same
thirty-ime;
the ansares
as one pleten
= to emanca
5, Harus. His
ader of cares
who was cos
extortion shte
he younger de
poke in neste
[W. B. D. ]
of A. Atenus
. )
. and beliered to
altar on the Jos
om his father, and
to be baried. He
Cic. de Leg. 22;
this divinity is co-
he was the persona
- On the la
ed the festival of the
nich the vell vez
fiowers thrown in
2; Festus, 26. F.
145) tells us that Fortuna Virilis was worshipped | happened about a. d. 106, since his seat in the
by women, who prayed to her that she might pre-college was bestowed upon the younger Pliny soon
serve their charms, and thus enable them to please after that period. From an epigram in Martial we
their husbands. Her surnames, in general, express might conclude that he was twice elevated to the
either particular kinds of good luck or the per- consulship ; but since his name does not appear in
sons or classes of persons to whom she granted the Fasti, we are unable to determine the dates,
it. Her worship was of great importance also at although, as stated above, we may infer that this
Antium and Praeneste, where her sortes or oracles honour was bestowed upon him, for the first time
were very celebrated. (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Oracu at least, before his journey to Britain, since the
lum; Hartung, die Relig. d. Röm. vol. ii. p. 233, generals despatched to command that province
&c. Comp. Tyche. )
(L. S. ] were generally consulars.
FORTUNATIANUS, ATI'LIUS, a Latin Two works undoubtedly by this author are still
grammarian, author of a treatise (Ars) upon pros- extant:-1. Strategematicon Libri IV. or, if we ob-
ody, and the metres of Horace, which will be serve the distinction drawn by the author, Strate-
found in the collection of Putschius. The work is gematicon Libri III. and Strategicon Liber unus,
extremely defective and in great confusion, the forming a sort of treatise on the art of war, de-
different parts being in many places jumbled toge-veloped in a collection of the sayings and doings
ther in defiance of all order or arrangement. For- of the most renowned leaders of antiquity. The
tunatianus cannot be later than the fifth century, anecdotes in the first book relate to the various con-
since he is quoted by Cassiodorus, and his diction, tingencies which may precede a battle, those in
as exhibited in an epistle dedicatory addressed to the second to the battle itself and its results, those
a young senator (p. 2685, ed. Putsch. ), is very in the third to the forming and raising of sieges,
pure and graceful.
[W. R. ] while those in the fourth, or the Strategica, com-
FORTUNATIANUS, CU'RIUS or CHI'- prehend various topics connected with the internal
RIUS, a Roman lawyer, flourished about the discipline of an army and the duties of the com-
middle of the fifth century after Christ, a short time mander. This compilation, which presents no par-
before Cassiodorus, by whom he is quoted. He ticular attractions in style, and seems to have been
drew up a compendium of technical rhetoric, by formed without any very critical investigation of the
way of question and answer, in three books,
com- authorities from which some of the stories are derived,
piled from the chief ancient authorities both Greek must have been published about A. D. 84, soon after
and Latin, under the title Curii Fortunatiani Con- the return of Frontinus from Britain, for we find
sulti Artis Rhetoricae Scholicae Libri tres, a produc- Domitian named more than once with the title of
tion which at one period was held in high esteem Germanicus, together with frequent allusions to the
as a manual, from being at once comprehensive and German war, but no notice whatsoever of the Dacian
concise.
or other subsequent campaigns.
This writer must not be confounded with the II. De Aquaeductibus Urbis Romae Libri II. , a
Curius Fortunatianus who, as we are told by Capi- treatise, composed, as we have already pointed out,
tolinus (Max. et Balb. 4), composed a history of after the year 97. The language is plain and un-
the reign of Maximus and Balbinus, nor with pretending, while the matter forms a valuable con-
Fortunatianus, an African, bishop of Aquileia, tribution to the history of architecture.
mentioned by St. Jerome ( de Viris IU. 97) as a We learn from the preface to the Strategematica,
commentator on the Gospels.
that Frontinus had previously written an essay De
The Editio Princeps of the Ars Rhetorica was Scientia Militari, and Aelian speaks of a disqui-
printed at Venice, fol. 1523, in a volume contain- sition on the tactics employed in the age of Homer,
ing Rufinianus and other authors upon the same both of which are lost.
subject ; a second edition, revised by P. Nannius, The Editio Princeps of the Strategematica was
appeared at Louvain, 8vo. 1550; a third, by Ery- printed by Euch. Silber, 4to. Rom. 1487. The
thraeus, at Strasburg, 8vo. 1568. The piece will best editions are that of F. Oudendorp, 8vo. Lug.
be found also in the “ Rhetores Latini Antiqui," Bat. 1731, reprinted, with additions and cor-
of Pithou, Paris, 4to. 1599, p. 38–78. [W. Ř. ] rections, by Con. Oudendorp, 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1779,
FOʻSLIA GENS, patrician, of which only one and that of Schwebel, 8vo. Lips. 1772.
family name, FLACCINATOR, appears in history. There is an early translation into our own lan-
The family was early extinct. (W. B. D. ] guage dedicated to Henry VIII. , entitled “The
FRANGO. [FANGO. )
Stratagems, Sleyghtes, and Policies of Warre,
FRONTI'NUS, SEX. JULIUS, of whose gathered together by S. Julius Frontinus, and
origin and early career we know nothing, first ap translated into English by Rycharde Morysine,"
pears in history under Vespasian, at the beginning 8vo. Lond. 1539 ; and another by M. D. A. B. D.
of a. p. 70, as praetor urbanus, an office which he 12mo. Lond. 1686, to which is added a new col-
speedily resigned in order to make way for Do lection of the most noted stratagems and brave ex.
mitian, and it is probable that he was one of the ploits of modern generals ; with a short account of
consules suffecti in A. D. 74. In the course of the the weapons offensive and defensive, and engines
following year he succeeded Cerealis as governor commonly used in war. ” There are also transla-
of Britain, where he distinguished himself by the tions into German by Schöffer, fol. Meyntz, 1582,
conquest of the Silures, and maintained the Roman by Motschidler, 8vo. Wittemberg, 1540 ; by
power unbroken until superseded by Agricola in Tacius, fol. Ingolst. 1542, including Vegetius, re-
A. D. 78. In the third consulship of Nerva printed fol. Frank. 1578 ; and by Kind, 8vo. Leips.
(A. D. 97) Frontinus was nominated curator | 1750, along with Polyaenus : into French by
aquarum, an appointment never conferred, as he Remy Rousseau, about 1514; by Wolkir, foi.
himself informs us, except upon the leading men of Paris, 1536, along with Vegetius; by Perrot, 4to.
the state (de Aq. 1; comp. 102); he also enjoyed Paris, 1664; and anonymous, 8vo. Paris, 1772:
the high dignity of augur, and his death must have into Italian by Fr. Lucio Durantino, 8vo. Vineg.
N 3
[LS]
Idess, who is said to
she might ripen the
jurnt in baking in the
stival, the Fornacala
| maximus. (Or. Fes
Fornacalma. ) Hartung
p. 107) considers hers
Dict. of Ant. se Forms
[LS]
dess of chance or good
h in Greece and 12
· Rome, where she 72
goddess of gxd locks
of prosperity. The great
mans placed in beries
ited by Plutarch (de For
entering Rome sbe pot of
d threw away the globe
, 3
op her permanent abode
Her worship is traced
icus Martius and Serra
ter is said to have been
f, the one in the first
er on the banks of the Tūbe.
Dionys. ir. 27; Lir. I 46;
The Romans mention her
names and epithets, as publics
said to have originated at the
us was prevented by the e
en from destroying Rome
, Plut
roatris, primigenin, eines de
ho dedicated their maiden per
in her temple. (Arred. ü &
Dei; iv, 11. ) Orid (Fast is
worshipped by nes!
is was
.
## p. 182 (#198) ############################################
182
FRONTINUS.
FRONTINUS.
1537 ; by Com. de Trino, 8vo. Venet. 1541 ; by 1 biliores Reliquiae, Paris, 1843, p. 7, n. 2, doubts
Alov. de Tortis, 8vo. Venet. 1543; by Ant. Gan- whether the fragment De Agrorum Qualitate is
dino, 4to. Venet. 1574: into Spanish by Didac. properly attributed to Frontinus, and seems in-
Guillen. de Avila, 4to. Salamanca, 1516; a list clined to refer it to Balbus. In support of this
which forcibly indicates the interest excited by doubt he cites the Prolegomena of Polenus, p. 16,
such topics in the sixteenth century.
prefixed to the edition by Polenus of Frontinus,
The Editio Princeps of the De Aquaeductibus, in De Aquaeduct. 4to. Patav. 1722. It should be ob-
folio, is without date, but is known to have been served that the fragment to which these doubts
printed at Rome, by Herolt, about_1490. The apply is not (as Giraud seems to suppose) the frag-
best edition is that of Polenus, 4to. Patav, 17:22, ment De Agrorum Qualitate (p. 38, Goes. , p. 12,
to which we may add the translation by Rondelet, Giraud), but the fragment which we have already
4to. Paris, 1820.
treated of in the preceding paragraph, addressed to
The collected works were edited with the notes Celsus, and wrongly headed in Goesius, p. 28.
of the earlier commentators, by Keuchen, 8vo. 3. Next follows (p. 39) the fragment headed
Amst. 1661.
De Controversiis, which consists of short and muti-
The Strategematica will be found in the various lated extracts from the beginnings of chapters in
collections of the “Veteres de Re Militari Scripto the work of. Frontinus on the same subject. The
res," of which the most complete is that published Controversiae Agrorum, which were fifteen in num-
by Scriverius, 4to. Lug. Bat. 1607.
ber, were disputes connected with land, most of
The De Aquaeductibus is included in the “The which were decided not jure ordinario, but by agri-
saurus Antiquitatum Romanarum” of Graevius, mensores, who gave judgment according to the rules
where it is accompanied by the voluminous disser- of their art. In other cases, or, perhaps, in
tations of Fabretti.
earlier times three arbitri, appointed under a law
(Tac. Hist. iv. 38, Agric. 17 ; Plin. Epist. iv. 8 ; of the Twelve Tables, or a single arbiter, ap-
x. 8 ; Mart. Epigr. x. 4, 8, but we cannot be cer- pointed under the Lex Mamilia (Cic. de Leg. i. 21),
tain that he alludes to our Frontinus ; Aelian, pronounced a decision, after having received a re-
Tact. ); Veget. ï.
