No More Learning

[April 15.
space of ground, at another hour, on the morning, and it was milked, by St. Colman-Ela. '3 —
Aplace,calledDare-Enech,issaidtohavebeentenanted occasionally atleast—bySt. Ruadhan,andbyhismonks. Perhaps,thisistheplace,now distinguished as Dorrha or Durrow '"t old church and cemetery,'s only a few miles from Lorrah. Over a beautiful valley, and on a gentle eminence, beside Pallas stream, as it wends on to join the Brusna river, in the parish of Dorrha, aretheruinsofanoldchurch,ontherightbank. '^ Thegableremainingis nearlyperfect,andshadedbyamassofdarkivyononeside. Ontheother, the former well-dressed coping stones run upwards to the very apex. The two angles of this once quadrangular church, now remaining, are ornamented with fine ashlar masonry. All fragments of the old building now visible indicate firmness and finish; but, only small portions of the side walls stand. "' Within the ruin, and centrally situated, under the apex of the gable, a perfect and well-designed limestone covering altar-slab crowns solid masonry be- neath, and in the very centre of this slab there is a small square excavation
of some '^ trifling depth.
and in the centre of very
over the
the gable, is a fine muUioned but narrow stone window-space, on the outside. ''
Itsplaysinwardlytoamuchgreaterwidth. ''" Overthiswindow-cill,ontheout- side, is a grotesquely carved human head. Over the altar, this end gable-window
" In the stream, near Durrow old church,
there is a deep pool, called by the country
tinued, to the best of this aged man's me-
mory.
' the old church, on the rise Approaching
of a hill, and now surrounded by a farm- stead and some enclosures, are the remains of an old ruin, known as Graigue Castle. Its last inhabitant was a gentleman, named Arthur Taylor. Patt Carroll, of Derry, near this place, conveyed such information to the writer, when he visited this spot, on the loth of August, 1869. This oldest living inhabi- tant recollected its tenancy by Mr. Taylor, in his younger days. The traces of this castle yet remain, although its strong walls and outworks are now a complete wreck.
' The building was long in proportion to
its width, and as it stands beside a modem
Protestant church, within the graveyard, its
sides have been tastelessly built up, to secure
complete enclosure, from the cattle, in the
adjoining rich pastures.
'^
This is nearly always filled with water ; but, doubtless, it afforded room for a portable altar-stone, wlien placed, in situ, for the cele- bration of Mass. Near the altar and within the wall, a small square recess, for the vessels
" a cleave," in which diseased sons used to wash themselves.
people
per-
he had a
'3 The Bollandist editor says,
Life ofSt. Colman Ela, which wastohave been
published, at the 26th of September. From
this we could learn, that the wood whence his cognomen was derived had been situated in the lands of Niall's posterity, that is, in Meath, and that this place was given to him, at a certain assembly of kings, before Aldus, son to Anmireus, who reigned, from the year 572 to 598, as stated in a chronotaxis. But, in such Life, there occurs no notice of that deer here mentioned. Nor does it appear, why the Almighty, wishing to honour St. Colman by this deer's miraculous obedience, in presenting itself to be milked, should have caused an animal at a great distance to jire- sent itself, when a numl)er of other deer were to be found, and at a distance less removed
from St. Colman Ela. See "Acta Sancto- "
rum, tomus ii. , Aprilis xv. . cap. iii. , n. (b), p. 386.
'< The parish of Dorrha, in the barony of "
Immediately
altar,
Lower Ormond, is described, on the Ord- holding wine and water, may be seen.
nance Survey Townland Maps for the
County of Tipperary," Sheets i, 2, 4, 5.
'S Near the ruins of Durrow an old well
is shown, with a stone having five marks,
indicating the supposed impression of a thumb and four fingers. These marks are
Another nearly similar may be observed, in the side wall, on the Epistle side.
attributed to St. Ruadan, according to the
account of a very old man, Patt Carroll, who
was ninety-seven years of age, in August,
1869, as he told the writer, and who had a masonry. It is probable, the original mul-
remarkably retentive memory for local and general events, that transpired in his time.
Long after the year 1798, a patron was held here, but about fifty years ago, it was discon-
lioned stone window had been in great part destroyed, to accomplish such a purpose.
'' Two rather modern slabs are
mediately beneath this window, into the under part of which they have been inserted, by some Vandalic hand. They have been erected to the memory of some noteless oc- cupants of graves beneath, and which are surrounded by a square enclosure of modern
'"
execution, is extremely beautiful.
Tlie workmanship, although of a remote
placed,
im-
April 15. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 163
has been stopped up with raodem masonry. On the outside of tlie adjoining wall, and, on the Epistle side of the altar, a narrow pointed window, with cut
stone mouldings, may be seen, and bedded round with Cyclopean masonry. ^' While himself and his community were at Dare-Enech, the son of Darane Dairimoir, sent to St. Ruadhan a great measure full of butter. And, when this measure " on a particular morning had been placed upon two wild oxen, these animals passed through a bog, from Daire-moir. ''3 Through this bog,^'* they discovered a road, very firm and level, such as no person had seen there before, or since. That measure of butter served St. Ruadan and his 150 monks, from the beginning of spring, until the day of Pentecost, when it was found to have been yet full, having suflfered no apparent diminution in quantity. At a cer- tain time, when Ruadan was in Araib,^5 a sorrowing mother approached ; and,intears,shebesoughthimtoraiseherdeadsontolife. WhentheAbbot prayed,herboywasagainrestored. IntheterritoriesofLugdeck'sposterity,''* he raised another youth, from the dead ; for, when the boy was placed under St. Ruadan'schasuble,"'heimmediatelycametolife. Oursaintsimilarlypre- served a third boy's life in Hi-Cuillin,'* within the territory of Heli;"' and, the place where this miracle was wrought, bore the name of Tulach Ruodan, at that time, when the Acts of our saint were written. We are told, more- over, this boy's father presented him for ever to St. Ruadan, together with that field, in which he had been restored. 5°
" On the Gospel side-wall, and near the old altar, towards the comer, a well cut stone slab in raised letters may be seen. This is a family monument, erected by Bernard Kennedy of Culross, in memory of his wife, Klinora Kennedy, alias Tubman, and of his son James Kennedy, who died in the year
1704, The Latin inscription records, like- wise, that the tablet in question was erected "27 mensis Februarii 1705," as well to com- memorate his ancestors there buried, as for the use of his posterity. The O'Kennedy family had many tall castles and they held broad lands, in the immediate neighbourhood of Durrow old church ; and many of their posterity, nowreduced to the farmingclass, yet dwell in that part of the country. We can bavelittle doubt, but severaldistinguished in- dividuals of the clan rest within the walls of this ruined chantry, and beneath the afore- said tomb.
"
In Latin, it is called, "cortex. " It was
customary, with the ancient Irish, to
stow butter within the hollow, or bark, of
certain trees. Many of these rude vessels,
having rancid butter contained within them,
have bieen discovered, in our bogs. A speci-
men of these is yet preserved, in the Museum S. Rodani," &c. See cap. iii. , sect. 16, of the Royal Irish Academy, and it is an
object of great curiosity.
'3 In all probability, the old chtirch at
Durrow was formerly so called, because cf
its importance. Was it the original founda- tion, it may be asked, where St. Columkille's Churchhadbeenfounded? SeeDrs. Todd's
and Reeves'
"
Martyrology of Donegal. "
Appendix to the Introduction, p. xl. The
cC^nn eochAgaiTi, according to O'Dugan,
ruled over the Cinel Fiachach, down to the fourteenth century. This was known as the
Mageogh^an's country, originally extend- ing from Birr, in the Kmg's County, to the Hill of Uisneach, in the county of West-
meath. Subsequently, that territory was di- vided into a northemand a southern portion; the latter part having come under the O'MoUoyfamily. Seefurtherparticulars,in " The Topographical Poems of John O'Dub- hagain and GioUa na Naomh O'Huidhrin," by John O'Donovan, LL. D. , pp. I, 2, 8, 9, and pp. viii. , ix. , n. 30. To a rather late period, in Ihe reign of Queen Elizabeth, the Mac Egans lived in Redwood Castle, in the parish of Dorrha, and they were hereditary Brehons to the O'Kennedys of Lower Ormond. . See "Irish Folk-Lore," by La- geniensis, chap. xxvi. Memorials of Red- wood Castle, pp. 220 to 233.
"* Several extensive bogs are yet to be
seen, in the parish of Dorrha, and in the
parishes adjoining.
'5 This place has not been identified.
" Under this denomination, as found in St.
Ruadhan's Acts, it is not easy to identify the
locality, but we may suspect some error in
the orthography. ''TheVitaS. Rodanireads "subcasula
:
name of which was derived from Eile, the seventh in descent from Cian, son of Oiliol Olum, King of Munster, in the third cen- tury. Its situation is pointed out in "The Topographical Poems of John O'Dubhagain and Giolla na Naomh O'Huidhrin," by John O'Donovan, LL. D. , p. Ixxxiv. , n. 759.
3° The Bollandist editor remarks, after the foregoing relation, that another leeentj fol-
p. 386.
^ Anglicised O'Cnllen.
•* Most probably the territory of Eile, the
j64
lives of the IRISH SAINTS.
[April 15.
St. Ruadhan is said to have written the following works
:
' Contra Diar-
" " De mirabili Fontium in Hibernia Natura, Lib. 1. modReeem Lib. i.
" De miraculosa Arbore," Lib. i. 3' A very ancient vellum book as has been mentioned, in St. Brigifs Life, at the ist of February, states that Ruadhan of Lothra in manners and life, was like to Matthew the Apostle. ^^ „ . p „,
To St Ruadhan is attributed the foundation of an old church, calledBona- hum,33or"Bonaghum, in the parish of Dorrha, anditobe seen, about five miles from Lorrah. This very ancient structure is apparently one of the oldest Irish churches, now remaining. It measures 43 feet, in length, by 24 leet, inwidth,ontheexterior,whilethewallsarenearlythreefeet mthickness.
A fine fragment of a carved window-head, formed from cut limestone, was found lyinl on the ground, and within the ruins. 34 The old churcn was qua- drangular in shape, and the walls are vejy perfect all around excepting both
end gables, which only exhibit mere fragments, above the side walls. Many headstones and tombs lie around, and within the ancient building. The grave-
on one side, towards a rich pasture, was altogether unenclosed ; but, the extended graves proved, that its dimensions were formerly very consider- able The rude and massive limestone church walls are well jointed and cemented. A ruinous and narrow east-window, splayed on the mside, appears,inoneofthegables. Onthesouthside-wall,andneartheformer,was a vvindow of nearly similar shape. The entrance door of this antique church
lav farther down, on the same side-wall, and it appears to have been the only one entering this structure. The arch of this doorway was rudely, but com- pactly turned, with narrow upright stone, and on the modern principle of con_ struction. The country people have a great reverence for this place, and
yard,
they relate many curious traditions regarding it. 35
It is recorded, by Tighernach, in his Annals, that St. Ruadan died at
Lothra, in the year 584. 3^
,
35 Indeed, according to the account of Pal;t Carroll, he was nearly thirty years old, m the memorable year of 1798. At his t,me, he said, a man named Billy Haverty, imph- cated ik the rebellion, had been chased by some soldiers. He fled for protection tothe
lows in which it is Slated, that the soul of a certain Ode Egmech, a wicked man, had wTiberated from the lower regions, and
A . . r. ^Hp^vPn hv St Columkille,St. conducted to '^y
fh^°,„'^ t"^ric. Vhi:* lattT'as °St. ifdus, whose life should follow, at the loth of No- vei^ber At th s meeting of the three saints. St Co umba left his tablets, in St. Ruadan's
? hfedi'toTsa'y ;
his he knees,
^^^^^^^^i^'
^^
At this, or any other year, the O'Clerys have
hands and afterwards received them from
his dbctple BUhTn, or St. Baithen. This -fi^'yP^-^'. '^^^ ^^
discinle succeeded Columkille, in the govern- Soflona monastery, and like his mas-
vene~on the 9th of June. The editor add r-Sed rem totlm ne scandalo fore° ut plenam fabulosarum circumstantia- TMmomittimus aliostyloquilegerevolet, Covrum ade;t n Append. 2 Id Acta S. ColumbT cap 3," See " Acta Sanctorum. " tornus if; Ipr U xv. Vita S. Rodani, cap.
mterposition, m his b'e^hla^l^f',J^t. hfa. t'^trh^ence-' forward, he dropped Ins former name and would only allow his neighbours to call h. m
Ur he is
iHsect 86 /;i
This is the name actually cut on a headstone which he erected to in- dicate the grave of his father niother, bro- thers, sisters and ch, dren. AH this was very but, the continuation of this epitaph seemed buried far beneath the surface of the
tX 7
and n. (c), p. °'
where this local celebrity probably lie, interred, and where his own name might be
pp. 38s. 386,
earth,
'\ ^^k^T^t 'p' ;7""^
'"itch"^^ A ctn 'a's g? ;enin the " ^««. /. «„/eadem anno (ut Tigemaci
n-riP^s' Calendar
^snt'^ inthetownlandofDerry,and,itis
marked on the "Ordnance Survey Town-
"nd Maps fo^ the County of Ti/perary," '^
t, .
3. When visited by the writer, August lOlh,
,869.
Z«/^TM«« ^;W^I^n^d^e^x^^L^hro-
old church, where fallmg on
prayed for -St. Ruadhan's protection, and
gave himself up to he holy pat. on.
lost of him pursuers completely sight
His and
;
Billy Bonagham.
ligible
;
''^M^t'^ DI. XXXIV. , Ussher says =
cent Annales) mortuus est m
condito -^io
-^f lUe cognomentum
ados^e
a quo et ;—
-logi-^^- ;' Ecci^i^^a^r^r^i^^s^ rum Antiquitates, p. 533. bee, also,
Ware, vol, ii. . "Writers of Ireland. Book I, chap, ill. , p. 17-
accepit.
'^e Br. tann. carum
, ,. , .
April 15. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
165
made no allusion to his death, in their Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland. The Irish Calendars assign St. Ruadan's festival day, to the 15th of April. 37 Then he is noticed, by St. ^ngus, the Culdee, and with a high eulogy, in the Feilire. 38 In the Martyrology of Tallagh,39 we find entered the name of Ruadhan, Lothra, at the 1 5th of April. The Martyrology of Donegal <° at this
day registers Ruadhan—Latinized Ruffinus or Ruffilliis^'-—
son of
Abbot of Lothra. Under the head of Lothra, Duald Mac Firbis enters, Ruadhan, Bishop of Lorrha. ''" Veneration for this saint extended to Scot- land, where we find his festival celebrated, on the 15th of April, according to the Kalendar of Drummond. « The " Circle of the Seasons " has a notice
ofhis festival, for this day. ''*
A holy well, dedicated to St. Ruadhan, was pointed out at Lorrah. In
this was found a curious bell of the antique Celtic form ;*5 and this is thought*'
to have been the one used by Ruadhan, when his imprecations were directed
againstTara,andagainsttheMonarchofIreland,DiarmaidI. Itisofsquare
form, but somewhat projecting at the four sides, in the centre of each ; and,
it tapers upwards, to a loOp-like handle, which joins the bell, in two dra-
gonesque or serpent-shaped heads, having open mouths. The whole is of cast bronze. " We are informed, also, that the head of St. Ruadhan had been
preserved in a silver case, kept in his monaster)', at Lorrah, until the time of the suppression. ** About the year 1733, an ancient Book, called after St. Ruadhan of Lothra,*' had been kept, in the house, belonging to O' Kennedy
of Ormond ; and, this was seen, by Andrew M'Curtin, who composed an Irish Poem,5° in reference to it.
In closing the Acts of our saint, the author of these states, that Ruadhan had attained the extraordinary stature of seven feet, according to the most reliable accounts. s' We are told, that in reality he was a king, so outwardly he presented a monarch's majestic form; but, while beautiful, exteriorly, he was stillmoreso,interiorly; and,nobleinman'sestimation,hewasstillmoreso, in the esteem of God. Large he was in stature, and abounding in grace ; great before God and man ; higiily distinguished in the present, and in a fu-
^See Dr.
HistoryofIreland,"vol. ii. , chap,xii. ,sect.
lo.
Lanigan's
p.
xii. , and nn. 184, 185, pp. 233, 234.
*• In the Leabhar Breac copy we read
plMniT)A bneo n4t>AicVibe A^xpch C0U4 cochLd t)4C<iin mil A lu-igrndp RuADAti UjcVidpn LocVipA.
— :
lection of Irish
"Ecclesiastical
"
The is an translation — Christian Times," First series, Lecture v. .
in Joseph Anderson's following English : p. 187.
Scotland in early
" An excellent flame that wanes not :
he
<* See Archdall's " Monasticon Hibemi- cum," p. 667. He quotes War mon.
*' This seems to have been undiscoverable since, nor is it enumerated among the many lost books of ancient Erinn, in Professor
vanquished urgent desires : fair was ihe pre- cious stone, Ruadan lamp of Lothra. "
» Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxi. Franciscan copy has Tlua'OAtji Loch)va.
The pp.
" Lectures on the Manuscript Ma- terialsof Ancient Irish History," Lect. i.
5° This is a prophetic and political poem, consisting of 28 stanzas. It is yet preserved. among the Manuscripts, belonging to the
Royal Irish Academy.
s' The Bollandist editor adds, in a note,
"MS. xii. pedum: verum non forma Regis sed gigantis hsec fuisset. "—"Acta Sancto-
*" Edited 102, 103.
by
Drs. Todd and Reeves,
O'Curry's
*' See ibid. , pp. 462, 463.
'See "Proceedmgs of the Royal Irish Academy. " Irish MSS. Series, voU i. , Part i. , pp. 118, 119.
«J Thus, at xvii. Kl. Mail. , " In Hibemia Isola . sanctus presbyter et confessor Ruadan, mirande sanctitatis et miraculorum—vir, hoc
Vita S.
die conscendit ad Christum. " Bishop rum," tomus ii. , Aprilis xv. ,
"'
Forbes' Kalendars of Scottish Saints, cap. iii. , n. (d), p. 386.
Rodani,
**
*' It belonged to Dr. George Petrie's col-
See,atp. 106.
Antiquities.
<* By Professor Eugene O'Curry. See
" Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History," Lect. xv. , p. 337.
*^ A fine woodcut of this bell may be seen,
Ferghus,
I66 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[April 15.
ture life. Being exalted in charity, he was still greater in humility ; he was
renowned for patience, mercy, and other good works. Wherefore, owing to all these virtues, St. Ruadan obtained great honours and rewards, in Heaven, and in the sight of the Omnipotent God and eternal King, Christ Jesus him- self, to whom be honour and glory, for ever and everS' That faulty state of the original evidence, which renders discussions of credibility, and hesitations in the language of the judge, unavoidable, has been complained of by a dis- tinguished modern writer, in a truly magnificent work -p and, we can only re- gret, tha,t the legendary character of St. Ruadan's surviving Acts is lament-
ably inadequate, to satisfy the demands of enlightened curiosity, much less of religious edification.
Article II. —St. Paternus, or Padern, Bishop of Vennes, and Confessor,ofWales,andofBrittany,inFrance. \^FifthatidSixth Centuries^ It was the good fortune of many saints, in the early times, to make happy inroads on prevailing idolatry. The earliest record known of this holy man's Acts is supposed to have been- that, written by John, son of Sulgen, who was bishop of St. David's, in Wales, a. d. 1070. This Life was composed in metre. ' The name of Padarn, Patem, or Pedrwn, was that, by which he was first known, in the vernacular of his native country, and in Wales ; but, it has been Latinized to Paternus. John of Teignmouth wrote the Acts of this saint, in the Fourteenth Century. After him, John Capgrave has written the Life of St. Paternus, bishop and confessor, for the xvti. of the May Kalends, which corresponds with the 1 5th of April. " The Acts of this holy prelate had been prepared for publication, at the present date, by ournationalhagiologist,beforehisdeath. ' TheLifeofSt. Paternus,bishop of Vennes,< is given, in various great collections of holy biographies ; such as, in the Annals of the Cistercian Monks,? in Mabillon,* and in the Gallia Christiana. 7 Nicolas Harpsfeld gives his biography. ^ The BoUandists,' Baillet,'° Roualt," Bishop Challenor," have issued biographical particulars, regarding this holy man. The Rev. Alban Butler '3 inserts his Life, but this account seems to abound in mistakes. The Rev. W. J. Rees has published the Acts of St. Paternus, in Latin,'* with an English translation. '' The Petits Bollandistes '^ and the Rev. S. Baring-Gould,'? have special notices of his fes-
tival, at the 15th of April. 5= See VrUi. , sect. 17, p. 386.
"
55 See George Grote's
Greece," vol. i. , Preface, pp. iv. , v. , London, 1862, 8vo.
' '° Article ii. — See Rev. S. Baring-
Gould's " Lives of the Saints," p. 200.
" See "Nova Legenda Angliae," fol.
cclviii. , cclix. , cclx.
"
Actuum Sane- torum quae MS. habentur, ordine Mensium
et Dierum. "
* By Adrien Baillet, in "Vies des Saints. "
s At pp. 471, 472.
' See "Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Bene-
dicti," s:ec ii. , p. 1103.
^ See tome xi. , p, 471.
^ In "llistoria Ecclesiastica Anglicana,"
cap. xxviii.
9 In " Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Aprilis
XV. , De Sancto Paterno Episcopo, Veneti in BritanniaArmorica. Acommentaryinthree
See "Les Vies des Saints," pp. 200 to 202.
3 See Colgan's
Catalc^s
critical hand. The author was
St. Paternus was bom, at Emyr Llydaw, and of sections precedes a Life, taken from John of
Teignmouth, as found among the legends of John Caj^rave, with notes. See pp. 378 to 382.
History of
" to the Rev. Alban Accordir^
Butler, this was published, in 1734, but it stands in
need of a
curate of St. Pair's,
"See"BritanniaSancta,"parti. , April 15, pp. 226, 227.
'3 See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iv. , April xv.
'•'See "Lives of the Cambro-British Saints," pp. 188 to 197,
'5 See (&</. , pp. 502 to 514.
"See "Vies des Saints," tome iv. , xv. d'Avril, pp. 412, 413.
' See " Lives of the Saints," vol. iv. , pp. 200to 202.
April 15. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 167
noble parents, in Little Britain, or Brittany, of France. By race, he was an Armorican. His birth took place, about the close of the fifth, or beginning
of the sixth, century. '* His father was called Petranus, according to'John of Teignmouth, while other writers have him named Padarn. »9 His mother is named Guean, Gwen, or Gueana. Their domestic life was particularly edifying. After the birth of their son, whom they named Patem, they parted, by mutual consent, from each other, resolving to consecrate themselves more freely to the love of God. For that purpose, Petranus left Lesser Britain, and went over into Ireland. There, to his dying day, the elder Petranus served his Maker, in watching, in fasting, and in prayer. *" His wife became a holy religious, imitating her husband's great example. Having come to man's estate,Patemusresolvedtofollowhisfather'sexample.