Duentzer would rather connect it with
the last book, and imagines unlawful love to have been the theme,
and that the ancient title of the book countenanced this opinion.
the last book, and imagines unlawful love to have been the theme,
and that the ancient title of the book countenanced this opinion.
Satires
i.
,
10. ). Caligula added two more days (or one at least, Suet. , Cal. , 17),
which custom Claudius revived when it had fallen into desuetude. Then
the Sigillaria were added, so that the period of festivity was extended
to seven days. Mart. , xiv. , Ep. 72. The Sigillaria were so called from
sigillum, "a small image. " (From the words of Macrobius, it seems
that these sigilla were _images_ of men offered to Dis, and intended
as substitutes for the _living_ sacrifices which were offered in more
barbarous ages. Macrob. , _u. s. _) The name was applied to the little
figures which were sent as presents on the occasion of this festival.
These not unfrequently were confectionery or sweetmeats made in this
form. Senec. , Ep. , xii. , 3. Suet. , Claud. , 5. The Easter cakes in Roman
Catholic countries are no doubt a remnant of this custom. (Cf. Blunt's
Vestiges, p. 119. )
[1703] _Pumicor. _ Cf. Ov. , A. Am. , i. , 506, "Nec tua mordaci pumice
crura teras. " Juv. , viii. , 16, "Si tenerum attritus Catinensi pumice
lumbum. " ix. , 95, "res Mortifera est inimicus pumice lævis. " The
pumice-stone, particularly that found at the foot of Mount Ætna, was
used to render the skin delicately smooth. Resin, and a kind of plaster
made of pitch, was used to eradicate all superfluous hairs. Plin. ,
xiv. , 20; xxxv. , 21. Cf. ad Juv. , viii. , 114, "Resinata juventus. " ix. ,
14, "Bruttia præstabat calidi tibi fascia visci. " ii. , 12. Pers. , iv. ,
36, 40, Plaut. , Pseud. , I. , ii. , 9. Mart. , xiv. , Ep. 205.
[1704] _Hyacintho. _ Cf. ad Virg. , Ecl. , iii. , 63. Ov. , Met. , x. , 185,
_seq. _ _Cortinipotens_ is an epithet of Apollo as lord of the Cortina;
i. e. , the egg-shaped basin on the Delphian tripod whence the oracles
were echoed. Vid. Hase's Ancient Greeks, p. 144. Serv. ad Virg. , Æn. ,
iii. , 92, "Mugire aditis Cortina reclusis. " vi. , 347, "Neque te Phœbi
cortina fefellit. " Suet. , Aug. , 52. _Contendi. _ Cf. lib. i. , Fr. 15.
[1705] _Cinctus_ is sometimes put for a soldier. Plin. , vii. , Ep. 25.
Juv. , xvi. , 48.
The _Rorarii_ were light companies who advanced before the line, and
began the battle with slings and stones; so called from ros. "Quod
ante rorat quam pluit. " Cf. Varro, L. L. , vi. , 3. Liv. , viii. , 8. The
_Velites_, from vexillum.
[1706] _Simat. _ Cf. ad lib. v. , Fr. 19.
[1707] _Molere. _ Hor. , i. , Sat. ii. , 35. Auson. , Epig. , lxxi. , 7.
Theoc. , iv. , 58, μύλλει. Cf. lib. ix. , Fr. 26.
[1708] _Saga. _ Tibull. , i. , El. v. , 59, "Sagæ præcepta rapacis desere. "
[1709] _Phryne. _ Vid. Athen. , xiii. , p. 591. Plin. , xxxiv. , 8. The name
was not uncommon in the same class at Rome. Tibull. , ii, El. vi. , 45.
Hor. , Epod. , xiv. , 16.
[1710] 16 and 17 seem hopelessly corrupt. Gerlach supposes some
"remedy for languishing love" to be intended ("irritamentum Veneris
languentis"), and reads "Callosa ova et bene plena: tunc olorum atque
anseris collus" (cf. Hor. , ii. , Sat. iv. , 14), "Hard and well-filled
eggs; then swan's and goose's neck. " But the emendation is too wide to
be admitted into the text.
[1711] _Muginor_ is used by Cicero in the sense of "dallying,
trifling. " "Nugas agere, causari, moras nectere, tarde conari. " Att. ,
xvi. , 12. But its primitive meaning is conveyed by its etymology,
"Mugitu moveo. " It refers to the noise made by those who move heavy
weights, that their efforts may be exerted in concert. Coupled with Fr.
10, its meaning is obvious here.
[1712] _Ogannis_, i. e. , obgannis. It is properly applied to a dog. Cf.
Juv. , vi. , 64, "Appula gannit. " Compare the Greek λαγνεύειν.
[1713] Cf. lib. iv. , Fr. 8.
[1714] Gerlach reads "Acron" for the old _lorum_, which Scaliger
approved, and connected this Fragment with the second of the eighth
book.
BOOK VIII.
ARGUMENT.
The eighth book, as Schoenbeck supposes, consisted of an exposition
of domestic life, with a discussion as to the virtues which a
good wife ought to possess.
Duentzer would rather connect it with
the last book, and imagines unlawful love to have been the theme,
and that the ancient title of the book countenanced this opinion.
The second, fourth, fifth, eleventh, and thirteenth Fragments
seem to confirm the conjecture; the drift of the others is not
apparent.
1 When the victor cock proudly rears himself, and raises his
front talons--
2 When I drink from the same cup, embrace, press lip to
lip. . . . [1715]
3 But on the river, and at the very parting of the waters, . . . a
merchantman . . . with feet of holm-oak. [1716]
4 . . . that she is slender, nimble, with clean chest, and like a
youth. . . . [1717]
5 . . . then she joins side to side, and breast to breast. [1718]
6 If he achieve the whole route, and the steep stadium at an
ambling pace--[1719]
7 To salt sea-eels, and bring the wares into the larder. [1720]
8 But all trades and petty gains. . . .
9 the Hiberian island. . . . [1721]
10 a necessary close at hand; a bake-house, store-room,
kitchen[1722]
11 . . . with friendly hand wipes off the tears. . . .
12 . . . giblets, or else liver. . . . [1723]
13 . . . the work flags. . . . [1724]
14 . . . wine-bibbers. [1725]
FOOTNOTES:
[1715] Nonius reads "fictrices," and explains "fingere" by "lingere. "
Cf. Schol. ad Aristoph. , Aves, 507.
[1716] Gerlach says, "Ex his verbis vix probabilem eruas sensum. "
The _cercurus_ was a large merchant-vessel, used by the Asiatics,
undecked, and capable of carrying a large freight. It was invented,
according to Pliny, by the Cyprians. Plin. , vii. , 56, 57. Cf. Plaut. ,
Merc. , I. , i. , 86. Stich. , II. , iii. , 34. It appears, however, from
Livy, that the name was sometimes applied to a vessel of smaller size.
Liv. , xxx. , 19. _Ilignis pedibus. _ Cf. Ter. , Adelph. , IV. , ii. , 46.
Virg. , Georg. , iii. , 330. For _concinat_, Gerlach proposes to read
"concinnat. "
[1717] _Pernix_ is the epithet Catullus applies to Atalanta: ii. , 12,
"Quam ferunt puellæ Pernici aureolum fuisse malum. "
[1718] Cf. Lib. v. , Fr. 25. Probably from this Horace takes his line,
i. , Sat. ii. , 126.
[1719] _Evadit. _ Cf. Virg. , Æn. , ii. , 731; xii. , 907. Ov. , Met. , iii. ,
19. _Acclivis_ is properly applied to a "gentle ascent. " Virg. , Georg. ,
ii. , 276. Col. , iii. , 15. _Tolutim_, à tollendo. Pliny (viii. , 42)
tells us that the people of Asturias in Spain trained their jennets
to a particular kind of easy pace: "mollis alterno crurum explicatu
glomeratio. " Varro speaks of giving a horse to a trainer, that he may
teach him this pace: "ut equiso doceat tolutim incedere. " Cf. Plaut. ,
As. , III. , iii. , 116, "Demam hercle jam hordeo tolutim ni badizas. "
Hence the "managed palfrey" of the Middle Ages. The pace probably
resembled that now taught by the Americans to their horses, and called
"racking. " Cf. lib. xiv. , 12, "equus gradarius, optimus vector. "
[1720] The _frigidarium_ was not only the "cold bath" (Bekker's Gallus,
p. 385), but was also applied to a cool cellar or pantry for keeping
provisions fresh.
[1721] All the commentators seem to give up this line in despair.
_Colustrum_ is properly the first milk that comes after parturition;
which, as being apt to curdle, was esteemed unwholesome, and produced
an attack called "Colustratio. " Schoenbeck supposes that the
inhabitants of this "Hibera insula," wherever it was, used _fomenta_
and _colustra_ as medical remedies. Mart. , xiii. , Ep. 38.
[1722] _Posticum_, Nonius makes equivalent to _Sella_. Gerlach,
however, thinks "cella" the correct reading here. The _pistrinum_ was
the name both for the bake-house and the mill for grinding the corn.
Vid. Bekker's Gallus, p. 265.
[1723] _Gigeria_ are the entrails of poultry: these were sometimes
served with a kind of stuffing or forcemeat called _insicia_. The word
occurs only in Lucilius, Petronius, and Apicius.
[1724] Scaliger connects this Fragment with lib. vii. , Fr. 22, and
reads, "Hic est Macedo: si lorum longui' flaccet, Læna manu lacrymas
mutoni absterget amicâ. "
[1725] _Bua_ was the word taught by Roman nurses to children,
equivalent to our "pap. " "Potio posita parvulorum. " Varro. Hence
_Vinibuæ_ for _vinolentæ_.
BOOK IX.
ARGUMENT.
The subject of the ninth book is known from several notices in the
old grammarians. [1726] It is said to have contained strictures
on the orthography of the ancient writers; some emendations of
the verses of Accius and Ennius (with especial reference to
the former, who is said to have always used double vowels to
express a long syllable), and a mention of the double genius,
who, according to the notion of Euclides the Socratic, attends
upon each individual of the human race. The exact connection of
this latter topic with the foregoing, is not at present evident
to us. It appears that this book had anciently the title of
"_Fornix_" as the work of Pomponius on a cognate subject was
called "_Marsyas_. " Van Heusde supposes that it took its name
from the Fabian arch on the Via Sacra, and that its subject
resembled the ninth of Horace's first book of Satires. The poet,
in his walk along the Via Sacra, meets with a troublesome fellow
near the arch of Fabius, who pesters him with a speech which he
is about to deliver, as defendant in a cause, and which he wishes
Lucilius to look over and correct; and that this furnishes the
poet with the groundwork for a discussion on several points in
grammar, orthography, and rhetoric. With this view Gerlach so far
agrees, as to suppose the subject of both Horace's and Lucilius's
Satires to have been similar; especially since many similar
phrases and sentiments occur in both; but he considers a detailed
disquisition on single letters and syllables inconsistent with
a desultory conversation, or with a cursory criticism of an
oration, and considers it better to confess one's ignorance
honestly than indulge in vain-glorious conjecture. Particularly,
since many other Fragments of this book have come down to us,
wholly irreconcilable with this view of the subject; some
referring to avarice, others to the Salii; which, though they
might certainly be incidentally mentioned, imply too diversified
a subject to be definitely circumscribed within so limited an
outline, as Van Heusde conjectures.
1 . . . only let the nap of the woof stand erect within. . . . [1727]
2 First is A. I will begin with this; and the words spelled with
it. In the first place, A is either a long or short syllable;
consequently we will make it one, and, as we say, write it
in one and the same fashion, "Pācem, Plăcide, Jānum, Aridum,
Acetum," just as the Greeks do. Ἄρες Ἄρες. [1728]
3 . . . not very different from this, and badly put together, if
with a burr like a dog, I say AR . . . this is its name. [1729]
4 . . . and there is no reason why you should make it a question or
a difficulty whether you should write ACCURRERE with a D or a
T. [1730]
5 But it is of great consequence whether ABBITERE have a D or
B--[1731]
6 "Now come PUEREI. " Put E and I at the end, to make "pueri" the
plural; if you put I only, as PupillI, PuerI, LuceilI, this
will become the singular number. "_Hoc illi factum est unI.
10. ). Caligula added two more days (or one at least, Suet. , Cal. , 17),
which custom Claudius revived when it had fallen into desuetude. Then
the Sigillaria were added, so that the period of festivity was extended
to seven days. Mart. , xiv. , Ep. 72. The Sigillaria were so called from
sigillum, "a small image. " (From the words of Macrobius, it seems
that these sigilla were _images_ of men offered to Dis, and intended
as substitutes for the _living_ sacrifices which were offered in more
barbarous ages. Macrob. , _u. s. _) The name was applied to the little
figures which were sent as presents on the occasion of this festival.
These not unfrequently were confectionery or sweetmeats made in this
form. Senec. , Ep. , xii. , 3. Suet. , Claud. , 5. The Easter cakes in Roman
Catholic countries are no doubt a remnant of this custom. (Cf. Blunt's
Vestiges, p. 119. )
[1703] _Pumicor. _ Cf. Ov. , A. Am. , i. , 506, "Nec tua mordaci pumice
crura teras. " Juv. , viii. , 16, "Si tenerum attritus Catinensi pumice
lumbum. " ix. , 95, "res Mortifera est inimicus pumice lævis. " The
pumice-stone, particularly that found at the foot of Mount Ætna, was
used to render the skin delicately smooth. Resin, and a kind of plaster
made of pitch, was used to eradicate all superfluous hairs. Plin. ,
xiv. , 20; xxxv. , 21. Cf. ad Juv. , viii. , 114, "Resinata juventus. " ix. ,
14, "Bruttia præstabat calidi tibi fascia visci. " ii. , 12. Pers. , iv. ,
36, 40, Plaut. , Pseud. , I. , ii. , 9. Mart. , xiv. , Ep. 205.
[1704] _Hyacintho. _ Cf. ad Virg. , Ecl. , iii. , 63. Ov. , Met. , x. , 185,
_seq. _ _Cortinipotens_ is an epithet of Apollo as lord of the Cortina;
i. e. , the egg-shaped basin on the Delphian tripod whence the oracles
were echoed. Vid. Hase's Ancient Greeks, p. 144. Serv. ad Virg. , Æn. ,
iii. , 92, "Mugire aditis Cortina reclusis. " vi. , 347, "Neque te Phœbi
cortina fefellit. " Suet. , Aug. , 52. _Contendi. _ Cf. lib. i. , Fr. 15.
[1705] _Cinctus_ is sometimes put for a soldier. Plin. , vii. , Ep. 25.
Juv. , xvi. , 48.
The _Rorarii_ were light companies who advanced before the line, and
began the battle with slings and stones; so called from ros. "Quod
ante rorat quam pluit. " Cf. Varro, L. L. , vi. , 3. Liv. , viii. , 8. The
_Velites_, from vexillum.
[1706] _Simat. _ Cf. ad lib. v. , Fr. 19.
[1707] _Molere. _ Hor. , i. , Sat. ii. , 35. Auson. , Epig. , lxxi. , 7.
Theoc. , iv. , 58, μύλλει. Cf. lib. ix. , Fr. 26.
[1708] _Saga. _ Tibull. , i. , El. v. , 59, "Sagæ præcepta rapacis desere. "
[1709] _Phryne. _ Vid. Athen. , xiii. , p. 591. Plin. , xxxiv. , 8. The name
was not uncommon in the same class at Rome. Tibull. , ii, El. vi. , 45.
Hor. , Epod. , xiv. , 16.
[1710] 16 and 17 seem hopelessly corrupt. Gerlach supposes some
"remedy for languishing love" to be intended ("irritamentum Veneris
languentis"), and reads "Callosa ova et bene plena: tunc olorum atque
anseris collus" (cf. Hor. , ii. , Sat. iv. , 14), "Hard and well-filled
eggs; then swan's and goose's neck. " But the emendation is too wide to
be admitted into the text.
[1711] _Muginor_ is used by Cicero in the sense of "dallying,
trifling. " "Nugas agere, causari, moras nectere, tarde conari. " Att. ,
xvi. , 12. But its primitive meaning is conveyed by its etymology,
"Mugitu moveo. " It refers to the noise made by those who move heavy
weights, that their efforts may be exerted in concert. Coupled with Fr.
10, its meaning is obvious here.
[1712] _Ogannis_, i. e. , obgannis. It is properly applied to a dog. Cf.
Juv. , vi. , 64, "Appula gannit. " Compare the Greek λαγνεύειν.
[1713] Cf. lib. iv. , Fr. 8.
[1714] Gerlach reads "Acron" for the old _lorum_, which Scaliger
approved, and connected this Fragment with the second of the eighth
book.
BOOK VIII.
ARGUMENT.
The eighth book, as Schoenbeck supposes, consisted of an exposition
of domestic life, with a discussion as to the virtues which a
good wife ought to possess.
Duentzer would rather connect it with
the last book, and imagines unlawful love to have been the theme,
and that the ancient title of the book countenanced this opinion.
The second, fourth, fifth, eleventh, and thirteenth Fragments
seem to confirm the conjecture; the drift of the others is not
apparent.
1 When the victor cock proudly rears himself, and raises his
front talons--
2 When I drink from the same cup, embrace, press lip to
lip. . . . [1715]
3 But on the river, and at the very parting of the waters, . . . a
merchantman . . . with feet of holm-oak. [1716]
4 . . . that she is slender, nimble, with clean chest, and like a
youth. . . . [1717]
5 . . . then she joins side to side, and breast to breast. [1718]
6 If he achieve the whole route, and the steep stadium at an
ambling pace--[1719]
7 To salt sea-eels, and bring the wares into the larder. [1720]
8 But all trades and petty gains. . . .
9 the Hiberian island. . . . [1721]
10 a necessary close at hand; a bake-house, store-room,
kitchen[1722]
11 . . . with friendly hand wipes off the tears. . . .
12 . . . giblets, or else liver. . . . [1723]
13 . . . the work flags. . . . [1724]
14 . . . wine-bibbers. [1725]
FOOTNOTES:
[1715] Nonius reads "fictrices," and explains "fingere" by "lingere. "
Cf. Schol. ad Aristoph. , Aves, 507.
[1716] Gerlach says, "Ex his verbis vix probabilem eruas sensum. "
The _cercurus_ was a large merchant-vessel, used by the Asiatics,
undecked, and capable of carrying a large freight. It was invented,
according to Pliny, by the Cyprians. Plin. , vii. , 56, 57. Cf. Plaut. ,
Merc. , I. , i. , 86. Stich. , II. , iii. , 34. It appears, however, from
Livy, that the name was sometimes applied to a vessel of smaller size.
Liv. , xxx. , 19. _Ilignis pedibus. _ Cf. Ter. , Adelph. , IV. , ii. , 46.
Virg. , Georg. , iii. , 330. For _concinat_, Gerlach proposes to read
"concinnat. "
[1717] _Pernix_ is the epithet Catullus applies to Atalanta: ii. , 12,
"Quam ferunt puellæ Pernici aureolum fuisse malum. "
[1718] Cf. Lib. v. , Fr. 25. Probably from this Horace takes his line,
i. , Sat. ii. , 126.
[1719] _Evadit. _ Cf. Virg. , Æn. , ii. , 731; xii. , 907. Ov. , Met. , iii. ,
19. _Acclivis_ is properly applied to a "gentle ascent. " Virg. , Georg. ,
ii. , 276. Col. , iii. , 15. _Tolutim_, à tollendo. Pliny (viii. , 42)
tells us that the people of Asturias in Spain trained their jennets
to a particular kind of easy pace: "mollis alterno crurum explicatu
glomeratio. " Varro speaks of giving a horse to a trainer, that he may
teach him this pace: "ut equiso doceat tolutim incedere. " Cf. Plaut. ,
As. , III. , iii. , 116, "Demam hercle jam hordeo tolutim ni badizas. "
Hence the "managed palfrey" of the Middle Ages. The pace probably
resembled that now taught by the Americans to their horses, and called
"racking. " Cf. lib. xiv. , 12, "equus gradarius, optimus vector. "
[1720] The _frigidarium_ was not only the "cold bath" (Bekker's Gallus,
p. 385), but was also applied to a cool cellar or pantry for keeping
provisions fresh.
[1721] All the commentators seem to give up this line in despair.
_Colustrum_ is properly the first milk that comes after parturition;
which, as being apt to curdle, was esteemed unwholesome, and produced
an attack called "Colustratio. " Schoenbeck supposes that the
inhabitants of this "Hibera insula," wherever it was, used _fomenta_
and _colustra_ as medical remedies. Mart. , xiii. , Ep. 38.
[1722] _Posticum_, Nonius makes equivalent to _Sella_. Gerlach,
however, thinks "cella" the correct reading here. The _pistrinum_ was
the name both for the bake-house and the mill for grinding the corn.
Vid. Bekker's Gallus, p. 265.
[1723] _Gigeria_ are the entrails of poultry: these were sometimes
served with a kind of stuffing or forcemeat called _insicia_. The word
occurs only in Lucilius, Petronius, and Apicius.
[1724] Scaliger connects this Fragment with lib. vii. , Fr. 22, and
reads, "Hic est Macedo: si lorum longui' flaccet, Læna manu lacrymas
mutoni absterget amicâ. "
[1725] _Bua_ was the word taught by Roman nurses to children,
equivalent to our "pap. " "Potio posita parvulorum. " Varro. Hence
_Vinibuæ_ for _vinolentæ_.
BOOK IX.
ARGUMENT.
The subject of the ninth book is known from several notices in the
old grammarians. [1726] It is said to have contained strictures
on the orthography of the ancient writers; some emendations of
the verses of Accius and Ennius (with especial reference to
the former, who is said to have always used double vowels to
express a long syllable), and a mention of the double genius,
who, according to the notion of Euclides the Socratic, attends
upon each individual of the human race. The exact connection of
this latter topic with the foregoing, is not at present evident
to us. It appears that this book had anciently the title of
"_Fornix_" as the work of Pomponius on a cognate subject was
called "_Marsyas_. " Van Heusde supposes that it took its name
from the Fabian arch on the Via Sacra, and that its subject
resembled the ninth of Horace's first book of Satires. The poet,
in his walk along the Via Sacra, meets with a troublesome fellow
near the arch of Fabius, who pesters him with a speech which he
is about to deliver, as defendant in a cause, and which he wishes
Lucilius to look over and correct; and that this furnishes the
poet with the groundwork for a discussion on several points in
grammar, orthography, and rhetoric. With this view Gerlach so far
agrees, as to suppose the subject of both Horace's and Lucilius's
Satires to have been similar; especially since many similar
phrases and sentiments occur in both; but he considers a detailed
disquisition on single letters and syllables inconsistent with
a desultory conversation, or with a cursory criticism of an
oration, and considers it better to confess one's ignorance
honestly than indulge in vain-glorious conjecture. Particularly,
since many other Fragments of this book have come down to us,
wholly irreconcilable with this view of the subject; some
referring to avarice, others to the Salii; which, though they
might certainly be incidentally mentioned, imply too diversified
a subject to be definitely circumscribed within so limited an
outline, as Van Heusde conjectures.
1 . . . only let the nap of the woof stand erect within. . . . [1727]
2 First is A. I will begin with this; and the words spelled with
it. In the first place, A is either a long or short syllable;
consequently we will make it one, and, as we say, write it
in one and the same fashion, "Pācem, Plăcide, Jānum, Aridum,
Acetum," just as the Greeks do. Ἄρες Ἄρες. [1728]
3 . . . not very different from this, and badly put together, if
with a burr like a dog, I say AR . . . this is its name. [1729]
4 . . . and there is no reason why you should make it a question or
a difficulty whether you should write ACCURRERE with a D or a
T. [1730]
5 But it is of great consequence whether ABBITERE have a D or
B--[1731]
6 "Now come PUEREI. " Put E and I at the end, to make "pueri" the
plural; if you put I only, as PupillI, PuerI, LuceilI, this
will become the singular number. "_Hoc illi factum est unI.
