signifying
motion through, hence: I.
Beowulf
n.
, _multitude, crowd_: in comp.
searo-ge-þræc.
þrec-wudu, st. m. , (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. mægen-wudu): acc. sg. ,
1247.
þrēa, st. m. f. , _misery, distress_: in comp. þēod-þrēa, þrēa-nēdla, -nȳd.
þrēa-nēdla, w. m. , _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for þrēa-nēdlan,
2225.
þrea-nȳd, st. f. , _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. þrēa-nȳd, 284; dat.
pl. þrēa-nȳdum, 833.
þrēat, st. m. , _troop, band_: dat. sg. on þām þrēate, 2407; dat. pl.
sceaðena þrēatum, 4. --Comp. īren-þrēat.
þrēatian, w. v. w. acc. , _to press, oppress_: pret. pl. mec . . . þrēatedon,
560.
þreot-teoða, num. adj. w. m. , _thirteenth_: nom. sg. þreot-teoða secg,
2407.
þrēo, num. (neut. ), _three_: acc. þrīo wicg, 2175; þrēo hund wintra, 2279.
þridda, num. adj. w. m. , _third_: instr. þriddan sīðe, 2689.
ge-þring, st. n. , _eddy, whirlpool, crush_: acc. on holma ge-þring, 2133.
þringan, st. v. , _to press_: pret. sg. wergendra tō lȳt þrong ymbe þēoden
(_too few defenders pressed round the prince_), 2884; pret. pl. syððan
Hrēðlingas tō hagan þrungon (_after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the
hedge_), 2961.
for-þringan, _to press out; rescue, protect_: inf. þæt hē ne mehte . . . þā
wēa-lāfe wīge for-þringan þēodnes þegne (_that he could not rescue the
wretched remnant from the king's thane by war_), 1085.
ge-þringan, _to press_: pret. sg. cēol up geþrang (_the ship shot up_),
i. e. on the shore in landing), 1913.
þrītig, num. , _thirty_ (neut. subst. ): acc. sg. w. partitive gen. : þrītig
þegna, 123; gen. þrīttiges (XXXtiges MS. ) manna, 379.
þrīst-hȳdig, adj. , _bold-minded, valorous_: nom. sg. þīoden þrīst-hȳdig
(Bēowulf), 2811.
þrowian, w. v. w. acc. , _to suffer, endure_: inf. (hāt, gnorn) þrowian,
2606, 2659; pret. sg. þrowade, 1590, 1722; þrowode, 2595.
þrȳð, st. f. , _abundance, multitude_, _excellence, power_: instr. pl.
þrȳðum (_excellently, extremely; excellent in strength? _), 494.
þrȳð-ærn, st. n. , _excellent house, royal hall_: acc. sg. (of Heorot),
658.
þrȳðlīc, adj. , _excellent, chosen_: nom. sg. þrȳð-līc þegna hēap, 400,
1628; superl. acc. pl. þrȳð-līcost, 2870.
þrȳð-swȳð, st. n. ? , _great pain_ (? ): acc. , 131, 737 [? adj. , _very
powerful, exceeding strong_].
þrȳð-word, st. n. , _bold speech, choice discourse_: nom. sg. , 644. (Great
store was set by good table-talk: cf. Lachmann's Nibelunge, 1612; Rīgsmāl,
29, 7, in Möbius, p. 79b, 22. )
þrym, st. m. : 1) _power, might, force_: nom. sg. ȳða þrym, 1919; instr.
pl. = adv. þrymmum (_powerfully_), 235. --2) _glory, renown_: acc. sg. þrym,
2. --Comp. hyge-þrym.
þrym-līc, adj. , _powerful, mighty_: nom. sg. þrec-wudu þrym-līc (_the
mighty spear_), 1247.
þū, pron. , _thou_, 366, 407, 445, etc. ; acc. sg. þec (poetic), 948, 2152,
etc. ; þē, 417, 426, 517, etc. ; after compar. sēlran þē (_a better one than
thee_), 1851. See gē.
þunca, w. m. See æf-þunca.
ge-þungen. See ge-þingan, st. v.
þurfan, pret. -pres. v. , _to need_: pres. sg. II. nō þū ne þearft . . .
sorgian (_needest not care_), 450; so, 445, 1675; III. ne þearf . . .
onsittan (_need not fear_), 596; so, 2007, 2742; pres. subj. þæt hē . . .
sēcean þurfe, 2496; pret. sg. þorfte, 157, 1027, 1072, 2875, 2996; pl.
nealles Hetware hrēmge þorfton (i. e. wesan) fēðe-wīges (_needed not boast
of their foot-fight_), 2365.
ge-þuren. See þweran.
þurh, prep. w. acc.
signifying motion through, hence: I. local, _through,
throughout_: wōd þā þurh þone wæl-rēc (_went then through the
battle-reek_), 2662. --II. causal: l) _on account of, for the sake of, owing
to_: þurh slīðne nīð (_through fierce hostility, heathenism_), 184; þurh
holdne hige (_from friendliness_), 267; so, þurh rūmne sefan, 278; þurh
sīdne sefan, 1727; ēoweð þurh egsan uncūðne nīð (_shows unheard-of
hostility by the terror he causes_), 276; so, 1102, 1336, 2046. 2) _by
means of, through_: heaðo-rǣs for-nam mihtig mere-dēor þurh mīne hand, 558;
þurh ānes cræft, 700; so, 941, 1694, 1696, 1980, 2406, 3069.
þus, adv. , _so, thus_, 238, 337, 430.
þunian, w. v. , _to din, sound forth_: pret. sg. sund-wudu þunede, 1907.
þūsend, num. , _thousand_: 1) fem. acc. ic þē þūsenda þegna bringe tō helpe,
1830. --2) neut. with measure of value (sceat) omitted: acc. seofan þūsendo,
2196; gen. hund-þūsenda landes and locenra bēaga (100,000 _sceattas' worth
of land and rings_), 2995. --3) uninflected: acc. þūsend wintra, 3051.
þwǣre, adj. , _affable, mild_: in comp. man-þwǣre.
ge-þwǣre, adj. , _gentle, mild_: nom. pl. ge-þwǣre, 1231.
ge-þweran, st. v. , _to forge, strike_: pret. part. heoru . . . hamere
ge-þuren (for ge-þworen) (_hammer-forged sword_), 1286.
þȳhtig. See þīhtig.
ge-þyld (see þolian), st. f. : 1) _patience, endurance_: acc. sg. ge-þyld,
1396. --2) _steadfastness_: instr. pl. = adv. : ge-þyldum (_steadfastly,
patiently_), 1706.
þyle, st. m. , _spokesman, leader of the conversation at court_: nom. sg. ,
1166, 1457.
þyncan, þincean, w. v. w. dat. of pers. , _to seem, appear_: pres. sg. III.
þinceð him tō lȳtel (_it seems to him too little_), 1749; ne þynceð mē
gerysne, þæt wē _(it seemeth to me not fit that we_ . . . ), 2654; pres. pl.
hȳ . . . wyrðe þinceað eorla ge-æhtlan (_they seem worthy contenders with_
(? ) _earls_; or, _worthy warriors_), 368; pres. subj. swā him ge-met þince,
688; inf. þincean, 1342; pret. sg. þūhte, 2462, 3058; nō his līf-gedāl
sār-līc þūhte secga ǣnigum (_his death seemed painful to none of men_),
843; pret. pl. þǣr him fold-wegas fægere þūhton, 867.
of-þincan, _to displease, offend_: inf. mæg þæs þonne of-þyncan þēoden
(dat. ) Heaðo-beardna and þegna gehwām þāra lēoda, 2033.
þyrs, st. m. , _giant_: dat. sg. wið þyrse (Grendel), 426.
þys-līc, adj. , _such, of such a nature_: nom. sg. fem. þys-līcu þearf,
2638.
þȳ. See þæt.
þȳwan (M. H. G. diuhen, O. H. G. duhan), w. v. , _to crush, oppress_: inf. gif
þec ymb-sittend egesan þȳwað (_if thy neighbors oppress thee with dread_),
1828.
þȳstru, st. f. , _darkness_: dat. pl. in þȳstrum, 87.
ge-þȳwe, adj. , _customary, usual_: nom. sg. swā him ge-þȳwe ne wæs (_as
was not his custom_), 2333.
U
ufan, _adv. , from above_, 1501; _above_, 330.
ufera (prop. _higher_), adj. , _later_: dat. pl. ufaran dōgrum, 2201, 2393.
ufor, adv. , _higher_, 2952.
umbor, st. n. , _child, infant_: acc. sg. , 46; dat. sg. , 1188.
un-blīðe, adv. (? ), _unblithely, sorrowfully_, 130, 2269; (adj. , nom. pl. ? ),
3032.
un-byrnende, pres. part. , _unburning, without burning_, 2549.
unc, dat. and acc. of the dual wit, _us two, to us two_, 1784, 2138, 2527;
gen. hwæðer . . . uncer twēga (_which of us two_), 2533; uncer Grendles (_of
us two, G. and me_), 2003.
uncer, poss. pron. , _of us two_: nom. sg. [uncer], 2002(? ); dat. pl. uncran
eaferan, 1186.
un-cūð, adj. : 1) _unknown_: nom. sg. stīg . . . eldum uncūð, 2215; acc. sg.
neut. uncūð ge-lād (_unknown ways_), 1411. --2) _unheard-of, barbarous,
evil_: acc. sg. un-cūðne nīð, 276; gen. sg. un-cūðes (_of the foe_,
Grendel), 961.
under, I. prep. w. dat. and acc. : 1) w. dat. , answering question where? =
_under_ (of rest), contrasted with _over_: bāt (wæs) under beorge, 211; þā
cwōm Wealhþēo forð gān under gyldnum bēage (_W. walked forth under a golden
circlet_, i. e. decked with), 1164; siððan hē under segne sine ealgode
(_under his banner_), 1205; hē under rande ge-cranc (_sank under his
shield_), 1210; under wolcnum, 8, 1632; under heofenum, 52, 505; under
roderum, 310; under helme, 342, 404; under here-grīman, 396, 2050, 2606;
so, 711, 1198, 1303, 1929, 2204, 2416, 3061, 3104. --2) w. acc. : a)
answering question whither? = _under_ (of motion): þā secg wīsode under
Heorotes hrōf, 403; siððan ǣfen-lēoht under heofenes hādor be-holen
weorðeð, 414; under sceadu bregdan, 708; flēon under fen-hleoðu, 821; hond
ālegde . . . under gēapne hrōf, 837; tēon in under eoderas, 1038; so, 1361,
1746, 2129, 2541, 2554, 2676, 2745; so, hæfde þā for-sīðod sunu Ecg-þēowes
under gynne grund, 1552 (for-sīðian requires acc. ). b) after verbs of
venturing and fighting, with acc. of object had in view: hē under hārne
stān . . . āna ge-nēðde frēcne dǣde, 888; ne dorste under ȳða ge-win aldre
ge-nēðan, 1470. c) indicating extent, with acc. after expressions of limit,
etc. : under swegles begong (_as far as the sky extends_), 861, 1774; under
heofenes hwealf (_as far as heaven's vault reaches_), 2016.
II. Adv. , _beneath, below_: stīg under læg (_a path lay beneath_, i. e.
þrec-wudu, st. m. , (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. mægen-wudu): acc. sg. ,
1247.
þrēa, st. m. f. , _misery, distress_: in comp. þēod-þrēa, þrēa-nēdla, -nȳd.
þrēa-nēdla, w. m. , _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for þrēa-nēdlan,
2225.
þrea-nȳd, st. f. , _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. þrēa-nȳd, 284; dat.
pl. þrēa-nȳdum, 833.
þrēat, st. m. , _troop, band_: dat. sg. on þām þrēate, 2407; dat. pl.
sceaðena þrēatum, 4. --Comp. īren-þrēat.
þrēatian, w. v. w. acc. , _to press, oppress_: pret. pl. mec . . . þrēatedon,
560.
þreot-teoða, num. adj. w. m. , _thirteenth_: nom. sg. þreot-teoða secg,
2407.
þrēo, num. (neut. ), _three_: acc. þrīo wicg, 2175; þrēo hund wintra, 2279.
þridda, num. adj. w. m. , _third_: instr. þriddan sīðe, 2689.
ge-þring, st. n. , _eddy, whirlpool, crush_: acc. on holma ge-þring, 2133.
þringan, st. v. , _to press_: pret. sg. wergendra tō lȳt þrong ymbe þēoden
(_too few defenders pressed round the prince_), 2884; pret. pl. syððan
Hrēðlingas tō hagan þrungon (_after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the
hedge_), 2961.
for-þringan, _to press out; rescue, protect_: inf. þæt hē ne mehte . . . þā
wēa-lāfe wīge for-þringan þēodnes þegne (_that he could not rescue the
wretched remnant from the king's thane by war_), 1085.
ge-þringan, _to press_: pret. sg. cēol up geþrang (_the ship shot up_),
i. e. on the shore in landing), 1913.
þrītig, num. , _thirty_ (neut. subst. ): acc. sg. w. partitive gen. : þrītig
þegna, 123; gen. þrīttiges (XXXtiges MS. ) manna, 379.
þrīst-hȳdig, adj. , _bold-minded, valorous_: nom. sg. þīoden þrīst-hȳdig
(Bēowulf), 2811.
þrowian, w. v. w. acc. , _to suffer, endure_: inf. (hāt, gnorn) þrowian,
2606, 2659; pret. sg. þrowade, 1590, 1722; þrowode, 2595.
þrȳð, st. f. , _abundance, multitude_, _excellence, power_: instr. pl.
þrȳðum (_excellently, extremely; excellent in strength? _), 494.
þrȳð-ærn, st. n. , _excellent house, royal hall_: acc. sg. (of Heorot),
658.
þrȳðlīc, adj. , _excellent, chosen_: nom. sg. þrȳð-līc þegna hēap, 400,
1628; superl. acc. pl. þrȳð-līcost, 2870.
þrȳð-swȳð, st. n. ? , _great pain_ (? ): acc. , 131, 737 [? adj. , _very
powerful, exceeding strong_].
þrȳð-word, st. n. , _bold speech, choice discourse_: nom. sg. , 644. (Great
store was set by good table-talk: cf. Lachmann's Nibelunge, 1612; Rīgsmāl,
29, 7, in Möbius, p. 79b, 22. )
þrym, st. m. : 1) _power, might, force_: nom. sg. ȳða þrym, 1919; instr.
pl. = adv. þrymmum (_powerfully_), 235. --2) _glory, renown_: acc. sg. þrym,
2. --Comp. hyge-þrym.
þrym-līc, adj. , _powerful, mighty_: nom. sg. þrec-wudu þrym-līc (_the
mighty spear_), 1247.
þū, pron. , _thou_, 366, 407, 445, etc. ; acc. sg. þec (poetic), 948, 2152,
etc. ; þē, 417, 426, 517, etc. ; after compar. sēlran þē (_a better one than
thee_), 1851. See gē.
þunca, w. m. See æf-þunca.
ge-þungen. See ge-þingan, st. v.
þurfan, pret. -pres. v. , _to need_: pres. sg. II. nō þū ne þearft . . .
sorgian (_needest not care_), 450; so, 445, 1675; III. ne þearf . . .
onsittan (_need not fear_), 596; so, 2007, 2742; pres. subj. þæt hē . . .
sēcean þurfe, 2496; pret. sg. þorfte, 157, 1027, 1072, 2875, 2996; pl.
nealles Hetware hrēmge þorfton (i. e. wesan) fēðe-wīges (_needed not boast
of their foot-fight_), 2365.
ge-þuren. See þweran.
þurh, prep. w. acc.
signifying motion through, hence: I. local, _through,
throughout_: wōd þā þurh þone wæl-rēc (_went then through the
battle-reek_), 2662. --II. causal: l) _on account of, for the sake of, owing
to_: þurh slīðne nīð (_through fierce hostility, heathenism_), 184; þurh
holdne hige (_from friendliness_), 267; so, þurh rūmne sefan, 278; þurh
sīdne sefan, 1727; ēoweð þurh egsan uncūðne nīð (_shows unheard-of
hostility by the terror he causes_), 276; so, 1102, 1336, 2046. 2) _by
means of, through_: heaðo-rǣs for-nam mihtig mere-dēor þurh mīne hand, 558;
þurh ānes cræft, 700; so, 941, 1694, 1696, 1980, 2406, 3069.
þus, adv. , _so, thus_, 238, 337, 430.
þunian, w. v. , _to din, sound forth_: pret. sg. sund-wudu þunede, 1907.
þūsend, num. , _thousand_: 1) fem. acc. ic þē þūsenda þegna bringe tō helpe,
1830. --2) neut. with measure of value (sceat) omitted: acc. seofan þūsendo,
2196; gen. hund-þūsenda landes and locenra bēaga (100,000 _sceattas' worth
of land and rings_), 2995. --3) uninflected: acc. þūsend wintra, 3051.
þwǣre, adj. , _affable, mild_: in comp. man-þwǣre.
ge-þwǣre, adj. , _gentle, mild_: nom. pl. ge-þwǣre, 1231.
ge-þweran, st. v. , _to forge, strike_: pret. part. heoru . . . hamere
ge-þuren (for ge-þworen) (_hammer-forged sword_), 1286.
þȳhtig. See þīhtig.
ge-þyld (see þolian), st. f. : 1) _patience, endurance_: acc. sg. ge-þyld,
1396. --2) _steadfastness_: instr. pl. = adv. : ge-þyldum (_steadfastly,
patiently_), 1706.
þyle, st. m. , _spokesman, leader of the conversation at court_: nom. sg. ,
1166, 1457.
þyncan, þincean, w. v. w. dat. of pers. , _to seem, appear_: pres. sg. III.
þinceð him tō lȳtel (_it seems to him too little_), 1749; ne þynceð mē
gerysne, þæt wē _(it seemeth to me not fit that we_ . . . ), 2654; pres. pl.
hȳ . . . wyrðe þinceað eorla ge-æhtlan (_they seem worthy contenders with_
(? ) _earls_; or, _worthy warriors_), 368; pres. subj. swā him ge-met þince,
688; inf. þincean, 1342; pret. sg. þūhte, 2462, 3058; nō his līf-gedāl
sār-līc þūhte secga ǣnigum (_his death seemed painful to none of men_),
843; pret. pl. þǣr him fold-wegas fægere þūhton, 867.
of-þincan, _to displease, offend_: inf. mæg þæs þonne of-þyncan þēoden
(dat. ) Heaðo-beardna and þegna gehwām þāra lēoda, 2033.
þyrs, st. m. , _giant_: dat. sg. wið þyrse (Grendel), 426.
þys-līc, adj. , _such, of such a nature_: nom. sg. fem. þys-līcu þearf,
2638.
þȳ. See þæt.
þȳwan (M. H. G. diuhen, O. H. G. duhan), w. v. , _to crush, oppress_: inf. gif
þec ymb-sittend egesan þȳwað (_if thy neighbors oppress thee with dread_),
1828.
þȳstru, st. f. , _darkness_: dat. pl. in þȳstrum, 87.
ge-þȳwe, adj. , _customary, usual_: nom. sg. swā him ge-þȳwe ne wæs (_as
was not his custom_), 2333.
U
ufan, _adv. , from above_, 1501; _above_, 330.
ufera (prop. _higher_), adj. , _later_: dat. pl. ufaran dōgrum, 2201, 2393.
ufor, adv. , _higher_, 2952.
umbor, st. n. , _child, infant_: acc. sg. , 46; dat. sg. , 1188.
un-blīðe, adv. (? ), _unblithely, sorrowfully_, 130, 2269; (adj. , nom. pl. ? ),
3032.
un-byrnende, pres. part. , _unburning, without burning_, 2549.
unc, dat. and acc. of the dual wit, _us two, to us two_, 1784, 2138, 2527;
gen. hwæðer . . . uncer twēga (_which of us two_), 2533; uncer Grendles (_of
us two, G. and me_), 2003.
uncer, poss. pron. , _of us two_: nom. sg. [uncer], 2002(? ); dat. pl. uncran
eaferan, 1186.
un-cūð, adj. : 1) _unknown_: nom. sg. stīg . . . eldum uncūð, 2215; acc. sg.
neut. uncūð ge-lād (_unknown ways_), 1411. --2) _unheard-of, barbarous,
evil_: acc. sg. un-cūðne nīð, 276; gen. sg. un-cūðes (_of the foe_,
Grendel), 961.
under, I. prep. w. dat. and acc. : 1) w. dat. , answering question where? =
_under_ (of rest), contrasted with _over_: bāt (wæs) under beorge, 211; þā
cwōm Wealhþēo forð gān under gyldnum bēage (_W. walked forth under a golden
circlet_, i. e. decked with), 1164; siððan hē under segne sine ealgode
(_under his banner_), 1205; hē under rande ge-cranc (_sank under his
shield_), 1210; under wolcnum, 8, 1632; under heofenum, 52, 505; under
roderum, 310; under helme, 342, 404; under here-grīman, 396, 2050, 2606;
so, 711, 1198, 1303, 1929, 2204, 2416, 3061, 3104. --2) w. acc. : a)
answering question whither? = _under_ (of motion): þā secg wīsode under
Heorotes hrōf, 403; siððan ǣfen-lēoht under heofenes hādor be-holen
weorðeð, 414; under sceadu bregdan, 708; flēon under fen-hleoðu, 821; hond
ālegde . . . under gēapne hrōf, 837; tēon in under eoderas, 1038; so, 1361,
1746, 2129, 2541, 2554, 2676, 2745; so, hæfde þā for-sīðod sunu Ecg-þēowes
under gynne grund, 1552 (for-sīðian requires acc. ). b) after verbs of
venturing and fighting, with acc. of object had in view: hē under hārne
stān . . . āna ge-nēðde frēcne dǣde, 888; ne dorste under ȳða ge-win aldre
ge-nēðan, 1470. c) indicating extent, with acc. after expressions of limit,
etc. : under swegles begong (_as far as the sky extends_), 861, 1774; under
heofenes hwealf (_as far as heaven's vault reaches_), 2016.
II. Adv. , _beneath, below_: stīg under læg (_a path lay beneath_, i. e.
