9, 77 II 13;
_uttakkalu_
< _uttakkaru_, Ebeling, KTA.
Epic of Gilgamesh
_ratatu_, demolish, 219, 19.
Rimat ilatNinsun, 208 n. 6; 219, 29.
Ruskisag, goddess, 132, 28.
_RU-TIG_, an epithet, 141, 2.
S.
_sa-bar; sa-sud-da_, liturgical note, 182, 31.
_sabsis_, cruelly, 215, 30.
Sagilla, temple, 158, 15. E-sagila, 160, 5; 166, 5; 166, 11.
_sahatu_, be astounded, 216, 10. Arabic _sahita_.
_saiahatu_, desire, comfort, 216, 18.
_sakapu_, fell. I2 _issakpu_, 215, 30.
_salutu_, enmity, 199, 27.
Samas, god, 197, 4:8; 198, 10:13; 199, 25:31.
Samas-sum-ukin, king. Incantations for, 193-200; 199, 23.
Samsuiluna, king, 151.
_SAR-DI-DA_, a relic, 133, 37.
Serpent adversary, 183, 21; 148, 12.
Seven, sacred number. Seven gods, 196, 30.
Ship, in legend, 113, 2.
Silsirsir, a chapel.
Sin, god. Hymn to, No. 19.
_sippu_, threshold, 219, 13:18.
_Sippar_, city, 158, 10; 160, 5; 166, 19.
_sirgidda_, long song, 140, 54.
Siris, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Siriskas, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Siriskasgig, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
_sirsagga_, first melody, 117, 28; 139, 48.
_SU-AN cat ili_, 194, 12. See also _SU-d_INNINI, 194, 12.
_SU-NAM-ERIM-MA_, 194, 13.
_SU-NAM-LU-GAL-LU_, 194, 13.
_subura_, earth, 175, 3.
_su-ud, su-ud-am_, epithet of goddess of Suruppak, 177, 10 and note 4.
_suhuru_, hair (? ), 215, 23.
_sukkal-zid_, title of Nebo, 163, 10.
Sulpae, god, No. 16 II 22.
Sumer, land, 113, 21; 114, 11; 136, 2.
_sumugan_, title of Girra, 177, 12 and note; 179, 3.
T.
Tablet of fates, 132 n. 3.
Tammuz, ancient ruler, 208. Liturgy to, 191. Other references, 126;
208; 131, 20.
_tapasu_, seize, capture, II2 _uttappis_, 215, 31.
_temeru_, cook, 196, 35.
Tigris, river, 183, 12.
Tummal, land, 190, 9; 191, 10.
U.
_ud_, spirit, word, 150, 1:4; 158, 16; 159, 17:24.
_ul-al-tar_, 191 n. 6.
_ulinnu_, girdle cord, 195, 20.
Ulmas, temple of Anunit, 158, 13; 166, 3.
Ur, city, 134, 21; 137, 6. Lamentation for, 150. Other references,
No. 19, 4:7:8:16:28: Rev. 5; 151, 3.
Ur-azag, king of Isin (? ), 140 n. 2.
Ur-Engur, king of Ur, 126 ff.
_urinu_, spear (? ), 173, 3.
_ursaggal_, epithet for Ninurasa, 165, 11. For Enbilulu, 170, 5.
_usumgal_, 117, 33.
Z.
_zabu_, flow. _li-zu-bu_, 198, 16. Cf. _gam a'ibu, mitirtu_,
words for canal, SAI. 691-3.
_zag-sal_, liturgical note, 103 f. No. 21 end.
_za-am_, 138, 34; 139, 38; 140, 56.
_zenu_, be enraged, II1 _uzinu-inni_, 197, 6.
_ZI-TAR-RU-DA iikis napisti_, 194 n. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF TABLETS
Number in this volume. 1
Museum number. 7771
Description.
Dark brown unbaked tablet. Three columns. Lower edge slightly
broken. Knobs at left upper and left lower corners to facilitate the
holding of the tablet. H. 7 inches: W. 6 1/2; T. 1 1/2. Second tablet
of the Epic of Gilgamish.
NOTES
[1] Ni. 13981, published by Dr. Poebel in PBS. V, No. 2.
[2] The local Bel of Erech and a bye-form of Enlil, the earth god. Here
he is the consort of the mother goddess Ninsun.
[3] Tammuz is probably a real personage, although _Dumu-zi_, his
original name, is certainly later than the title _Ab-u_, probably the
oldest epithet of this deity, see _Tammuz and Ishtar_, p. 8. _Dumu-zi_
I take to have been originally the name of a prehistoric ruler of
Erech, identified with the primitive deity Abu.
[4] See _ibid. _, page 40.
[5] Also Meissner's early Babylonian duplicate of Book X has invariably
the same writing, see Dhorme, _Choix de Textes Religieux_, 298-303.
[6] Sign whose gunufied form is read _aga_.
[7] The standard text of the Assyrian version is by Professor Paul
Haupt, _Das Babylonische Nimrodepos_, Leipzig, 1884.
[8] The name of the mother of Gilgamish has been erroneously read
_ri-mat ilat_Nin-lil, or _Rimat-Belit_, see Dhorme 202, 37; 204,
30, etc. But Dr. Poebel, who also copied this text, has shown that
_Nin-lil_ is an erroneous reading for _Nin-sun_. For _Ninsun_ as
mother of Gilgamish see SBP. 153 n. 19 and R. A. , IX 113 III 2. _Ri-mat
ilat_Nin-sun should be rendered "The wild cow Ninsun. "
[9] The fragments which have been assigned to Book II in the British
Museum collections by Haupt, Jensen, Dhorme and others belong to
later tablets, probably III or IV.
[10] Rm. 289, latter part of Col. II (part of the Assyrian version)
published in HAUPT, _ibid. _, 81-4 preserves a defective text of this
part of the epic. This tablet has been erroneously assigned to Book
IV, but it appears to be Book III.
[11] K. 2589 and duplicate (unnumbered) in Haupt, _ibid. _, 16-19.
[12] See also Ward, No. 199.
[13] Here this late text includes both variants _pasaru_ and
_zakaru_. The earlier texts have only the one or the other.
[14] For _kakabe_; _b_ becomes _u_ and then is reduced to the
breathing.
[15] The variants have _kima kisri_; _ki-[ma]? -rum_ is a possible
reading. The standard Assyrian texts regard Enkidu as the subject.
[16] Var. _da-an_
[17] _SAM-KAK_ hilu_, net. The variant has _ultaprid ki-is-su-su_,
"he shook his murderous weapon. " For _kissu_ see ZA. 9,220,4 CT. 12,14b 36, _gis-kud_ hki-is-su_.
[18] Var. _nussu_ for _nus-su_ bnussa-su_. The previous translations
of this passage are erroneous.
[19] This is to my knowledge the first occurence of the infinitive
of this verb, _paheru_, not _paharu_.
[20] Text _ma_?
[21] _istanamma_ > _istilamma_.
[22] Cf. Code of Hammurapi IV 52 and Streck in _Babyloniaca_ II 177.
[23] Restored from Tab. I Col. IV 21.
[24] Cf. Dhorme _Choix de Textes Religieux_ 198, 33.
[25] _namastu_ a late form which has followed the analogy of _restu_
in assuming the feminine _t_ as part of the root. The long _u_ is
due to analogy with _namassu_ a Sumerian loan-word with nisbe ending.
[26] Room for a small sign only, perhaps _A; maiak_? For _maka_,
there, see BEHRENS, LSS. II page 1 and index.
[27] Infinitive "to shepherd"; see also Poebel, PBS. V 106 I,
_ri-ia-u_, _ri-te-ia-u_.
[28] The text has clearly _AD-RI_.
[29] Or _azzammim_? The word is probably an adverb; hardly a word
for cup, mug (? ? ).
[30] _it_ is uncertain and _ta_ more likely than _us_. One expects
_ittabriru_. Cf. _muttabrirru_, CT. 17, 15, 2; _littatabrar_, EBELING,
KTA. 69, 4.
[31] For _sapparu_. Text and interpretation uncertain. _uttappis_
II2 from _tapasu_, Hebrew _tapas_, seize.
[32] Text _ta_!
[33] On _ekesu_, drive away, see Zimmern, _Shurpu_, p. 56. Cf. _uk-kis
_ Myhrman, PBS. I 14, 17; _uk-ki-si_, King, Cr. App. V 55; etc. , etc.
[34] The Hebrew cognate of _masu_, to forget, is _nasa_, Arabic
_nasijia_, and occurs here in Babylonian for the first time. See also
Brockelman, _Vergleichende Grammatik_ 160 a.
[35] Probably phonetic variant of _edir_. The preterite of _ederu_,
to be in misery, has not been found. If this interpretation be correct
the preterite _edir_ is established. For the change _r_ > _l_ note also
_attalah_ < _attarah_, Harper, _Letters_ 88, 10, _bilku_ < _birku_,
RA.
9, 77 II 13; _uttakkalu_ < _uttakkaru_, Ebeling, KTA. 49 IV 10.
[36] Also _na_-'-[ -]_ma_ is possible.
[37] The text cannot be correct since it has no intelligible sign. My
reading is uncertain.
[38] Text uncertain, _kal-lu-tim_ is possible.
[39] _KAK-si_.
[40] _KAK-si_.
[41] Literally nostrils. _pitik apunnati-su_, work done in his
presence(? ). The meaning of the idiom is uncertain.
[42] Text _ZU_!
[43] Text has erroneous form.
[44] Text _PA-it-tam_ clearly!
[45] Omitted by the scribe.
[46] Sic! The plural of _kakku_, _kakkitu_(? ).
[47] Cf. _e-pi-sa-an-su-nu libaru_, "May they see their doings,"
_Maklu_ VII 17.
[48] For _sakin-sum_.
[49] On the verb _naku_ see the Babylonian Book of Proverbs ? 27.
[50] The verb _la'atu_, to pierce, devour, forms its preterite _ilut_;
see VAB. IV 216, 1. The present tense which occurs here as _ilut_
also.
[51] Note _BUL(tu-ku)_ eratatu_ (falsely entered in Meissner,
SAI. 7993), and _irattutu_ in Zimmern, _Shurpu_, Index.
[52] "For _ipsah_. "
[53] Sic! _hu_ reduced to the breathing _'u_; read _i-ni-'u_.
[54] The tablet is reckoned at forty lines in each column,
[55] Literally "he attained my front. "
[56] IV1 of _waladu_.
[57] I. e. , in the suburb of Erech.
[58] _pataku_ has apparently the same sense originally as _bataku_,
although the one forms its preterite _iptik_, and the other
_ibtuk_. Cf. also _mahasu_ break, hammer and construct.
[59] The passage is obscure. Here _suhuru_ is taken as a loan-word
from sugur timmatu, hair of the head. The infinitive II1 of _saharu_
is philologically possible.
[60] I. e. , an ordinary man.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Epic of Gilgamish, by Stephen Langdon
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EPIC OF GILGAMISH ***
***** This file should be named 18897-8. txt or 18897-8. zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
http://www. gutenberg. org/1/8/8/9/18897/
Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www. pgdp. net/
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.
Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you! ) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.
*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
http://gutenberg. org/license).
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works
1. A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1. E. 8.
1. B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1. C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works. See paragraph 1. E below.
1. C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
1. D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.
1. E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1. E. 1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www. gutenberg. org
1. E. 2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1. E. 1
through 1. E. 7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1. E. 8 or
1. E. 9.
1. E. 3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1. E. 1 through 1. E. 7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
1. E. 4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1. E. 5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1. E. 1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1. E. 6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www. gutenberg. org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1. E. 1.
1. E. 7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1. E. 8 or 1. E. 9.
1. E. 8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that
- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is
owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments
must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. "
- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg-tm works.
- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1. F. 3, a full refund of any
money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
of receipt of the work.
- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1. E. 9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1. F.
1. F. 1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.
1. F. 2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1. F. 3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1. F. 3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.
1. F. 4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1. F. 3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1. F.
