No More Learning

Vézelay.


## p. 944 (#990) ############################################

944
Chronological Table
1154 (25 Oct. ) Death of Stephen of England.
1154–1166 William I King of Sicily.
1154 1159 Hadrian IV (Nicholas Breakspear) Pope.
1154-1189 Henry II King of England.
1155 Execution of Arnold of Brescia.
(18 June) Frederick Barbarossa crowned Emperor at Rome by Pope
Hadrian IV.
1156 (28 May) The Normans defeat the Byzantines at Brindisi.
Treaty of Benevento between the Kingdom of Sicily and the Papacy.
(17 Sept. ) Diet of Ratisbon establishes the power of Henry the Lion and
creates the duchy of Austria.
1157 (Oct. ) Diet of Besançon.
1158 Peace between the Emperor Manuel and William I, King of Sicily.
(July) Second expedition of Frederick Barbarossa to Italy.
Surrender of Milan.
Diet of Roncaglia.
1159 Revolt of Milan.
(7 Sept. ) Disputed election of Alexander III and Victor IV as Pope.
1160 (Jan. ) Capture of Mahdiyah. End of the Norman dominion in Africa.
(Feb. ) Synod of Pavia. Frederick Barbarossa recognises the anti-Pope
Victor IV.
1160–1162 Final subjection of the Wends by Henry the Lion.
1162 (Mar. ) Capture and destruction of Milan by Frederick Barbarossa.
Becket appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
1163–1174 Amaury I King of Jerusalem.
1164 (Jan. ) Constitutions of Clarendon.
(Apr. ) Death of the anti-Pope Victor IV.
The Order of the Knights of Calatrava approved by Pope Alexander III.
c. 1164 Death of Peter the Lombard.
1165 (23 Nov. ) Pope Alexander III enters Rome supported by Norman troops.
1166 Assize of Clarendon.
The Carta of Henry II of England.
1166-1168 Frederick Barbarossa's fourth expedition to Italy.
1166-1189 William II King of Sicily.
1167 Beginnings of the Lombard League. Milan rebuilt.
(24 July) Frederick Barbarossa begins the siege of Rome.
(Aug. ) The German army driven from Rome by pestilence.
1169 Conquest of Egypt for Nūr-ad-Din of Damascus.
1170 The Inquest of Sheriffs.
(Aug. ) Strongbow lands in Ireland.
(29 Dec. ) Murder of Becket in Canterbury Cathedral.
c. 1170 Rise of the Universities.
1171 Foundation of the Order of the Knights of Santiago.
1171-1172 Henry II visits Ireland, and receives general submission.
c. 1172 Writing of the Roman de Rou.
1173-1174 Rebellion in England.
1174-1177 Frederick Barbarossa's fifth expedition to Italy.
1174_1185 Baldwin IV King of Jerusalem.
1174-1193 Reign of Saladin.
1176 (29 May) Defeat of Frederick Barbarossa at Legnano.
Treaty of Anagni between the Emperor and the Pope. End of the Papal
schism.
Assize of Northampton.
1177 (23 July) Treaty of Venice.
1179 (Mar. ) Third Lateran Council.
The Grand Assize (of Windsor).
1180 (13 Apr. ) Diet of Gelnhausen. Partition of the Duchy of Saxony.
(24 June) Diet of Ratisbon. Partition of the Duchy of Bavaria.
Death of John of Salisbury.
1181 Henry II's Assize of Arms.


## p. 945 (#991) ############################################

Chronological Table
945
1181 Submission and exile of Henry the Lion.
1181-1185 Lucius III Pope.
1183 (June) The Peace of Constance.
1184 Diet of Mayence.
(Sept. ) Frederick Barbarossa's sixth journey to Italy.
1185 Failure of William II of Sicily's invasion of the Eastern Empire.
1185–1187 Urban III Pope.
1185–1186 Baldwin V King of Jerusalem.
1186 (27 Jan. ) Marriage of Henry VI of Germany to Constance of Sicily.
1187 (4 July) Defeat of the Christians in Syria at Hițțin.
(3 Oct. ) Jerusalem taken by Saladin.
1187 (Oct. -Dec. ) Gregory VIII Pope.
1187-1191 Clement III Pope.
1188 The Saladin Tithe.
1189 The Third Crusade.
(3 Apr. ) Peace of Strasbourg between Pope and Emperor.
(May) Frederick Barbarossa goes on the Crusade.
(6 July) Death of Henry Il of England.
(18 Nov. ) Death of William II of Sicily.
1190 (Jan. ) Tancred of Lecce crowned King of Sicily.
(10 June) Death of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
Foundation of the Teutonic Order.
1191 (15 Apr. ) Imperial coronation of Henry VI.
Third Crusade. The Crusaders recover Acre (12 July).
(7 Sept. ) Richard Coeur-de-Lion defeats Saladin at Arsūf.
1191-1198 Celestine III Pope.
1192 (June) Concordat of Gravina.
Truce with Saladin.
1193 (14 Feb. ) Richard Coeur-de-Lion surrendered to the Emperor by Duke
Leopold of Austria.
(Feb. ) Death of Saladin.
The Knights of St John initiate the movement for a new Crusade.
1194 (3 Feb. ) Release of Richard Coeur-de-Lion.
(20 Feb. ) Death of Tancred, King of Sicily.
(Mar. ) Reconciliation between the Emperor Henry VI and the Welfs
at Tilleda.
(25 Dec. ) Henry VI crowned King of Sicily. End of the Norman
dominion.
1195 (6 Aug. ) Death of Henry the Lion.
1196 (Apr. ) Diet of Würzburg. Henry VI attempts to make the German
kingship hereditary.
(Dec. ) His son Frederick chosen king at Frankfort.
1197 (28 Sept. ) Death of the Emperor Henry VI.
1198 (12 Dec. ) Death of Averroes.
1204 Capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade.
c. 1210 Latin translations from Aristotle's Metaphysics in the West.
1210 The study of certain books of Aristotle forbidden to the University of
Paris.
1215 Fourth Lateran Council.
1219 The Fifth Crusade.
(5 Nov. ) The Crusaders capture Damietta.
St Francis of Assisi in Egypt.
1221 Restoration of Damietta to the Saracens.
c. 1225 Composition of the Sachsenspiegel.
1226 The Teutonic Order undertakes the conquest of the heathen Prussians.
1228 Frederick II recovers Jerusalem.
1234 Gregory IX's Collection of Decretals.
1244 (23 Aug. ) The Khwärazmian Turks capture Jerusalem.
(17 Oct. ) Defeat of the Franks at Gaza.
1248-54 St Louis' First Crusade.
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
60


## p. 946 (#992) ############################################

946
Chronological Table
1250–1258 Bracton writes his De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae.
1252 William of Rubruquis sent on a mission to the Great Khan.
1253 Pope Innocent IV forms the first Missionary Society since the con-
version of the West.
1254 Alfonso of Castile issues the Fuero Real.
1256-1265 Compilation of the Partidas.
c. 1260 Death of Accursius the Glossator.
1268 Capture of Jaffa and Antioch by the Mamlūk Sultan Baibars.
1270 St Louis IX of France starts on his Second Crusade.
1273-1314 Missionary activity of Raymond Lull.
1274 (7 Mar. ) Death of St Thomas Aquinas.
1277 Siger of Brabant condemned by the Inquisition of France.
1280 Death of Albert of Cologne (Albertus Magnus).
1286 Death of William of Moerbeke, the translator from the Greek,
1289 Capture of Tripolis by the Mamlūk Sultan Qalā’ūn.
1291 (18 May) Storm of Acre by the Mamlūks. End of the Kingdom of
Jerusalem.
1294 Death of Roger Bacon.
1298 Boniface VIII's Decretals (the Sext).
1308 Death of Duns Scotus.
1335 Pope Benedict XII issues new constitutions for White monks (Cister-
cians).
1336 New constitutions issued for Black monks (Benedictines and Cluniacs).
1339 New constitutions issued for the Austin canons.
1357 Death of Bartolus of Sassoferrato, the Commentator.
1395 The Congregation (reformed Canons) of Windesheim founded in
Germany.
1421 The reformed Benedictine congregation of Santa Giustina founded in
Italy.
1430 William of Lyndwood finishes his Commentary on the provincial con-
stitutions of the Archbishops of Canterbury.
1495 Erection of the Reichskammergericht and final Reception of Roman
Law in Germany.


## p. 947 (#993) ############################################

947
INDEX
Abbeville, commune of, 649, 651
Abbo, abbot of Fleury, 663
'Abdallāh ibn Hauqal, Muslim emir in
Sicily, 176
*Abdallāh ibn Maimūn, a leader of the
Ismā'ilians, 244; his propaganda, ib.
'Abd-ar-Raḥmān, Arab poet, at Sicilian
court, 207
Abelard, nephew of Robert Guiscard, 173;
revolts of, 176, 178 sq. ; flees to Greece,
180; fresh revolt of, 182
Abelard, Peter, his career and philosophy,
796 sqq. ; compared with Hugh of St Victor,
803; influence on Peter the Lombard, 804;
attacked by Walter of St Victor, 804;
and Arnold of Brescia, 372; 680
Abernethy, 517
Abingdon, abbot of, 577
Abingdon, History of, on the Justiciar, 577
Abruzzi, the, 169, 178 sq. , 187, 202
Abū ad-Dah, Arab poet, 207
Abu `Ali al-Mansăr al-Hakim, Fātimite
Caliph, see Hākim
Abu'l-fadā'il Sa'id-ad-Daulah, see Sa'id-ad-
Daulah
Abu'l-fidā, Arab historian, 257 note, 258
note
Abu'l-ḥasan ‘Ali az-Zāhir, see Zābir
Abu'l-jaish Khumārawaih, Tūlūnid, his
rule in Egypt, 244 sq.
Abu'l-Mahāsin, Arab historian, on treaty
between Greeks and Fātimites, 251 note
Abu'l-mish Kāfūr, see Kāfür
Abu'l-qāsim Aḥmad al-Musta‘li, see Mustaʻli
Abu manşür Nizār al-'Aziz, see 'Aziz
Abu Muhammad Lulū al-kabir, see Lūlū
Abu-qubais, castle, 252
Abu Tamim Ma'add al-Mu'izz, see Mu'izz
Abu tamim Ma'add al-Mustanşir, see Mus-
tansir
Abu Ya là, Arab historian, 263 note
Acca, schooling of, 771
Accursii, Franciscus, jurist, 757
Accursius, the glossator, 737 sq. , 748
Acquapendente, 102
Acre, 248 sq. , 262, 264; submits to Godfrey
of Bouillon, 300; captured by Baldwin I,
304, 329; siege of, in Third Crusade, 310
sq. ; factions among Christians in, 317;
refuge for Tripolitans, ib. ; fall of, 318 sq. ,
325, 330; 462 note
Adalbero, archbishop of Bremen, supports
Anacletus II, 342; imprisoned by Henry
the Lion, 356; the Wends and, 355
Adalbero, archbishop of Trèves, secures elec-
tion of Conrad III, 346; his gains after
the conference at Worms, 347; his defiance
of Innocent II, 350 sq.
Adalbero, bishop of Würzburg, expelled
from his city, 120; temporarily restored,
144; death of, 92
Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen, refuses the
Papacy, 22; enforces reform decrees, 27;
papal vicar for the Baltic lands, 29, 34;
his dominant position in North Germany,
114; associated in government with Anno,
44, 115; supersedes Anno, 115 sq. ; victory
in Hungary, 115 ; receives many grants
from Henry IV, 115 sq. ; his overthrow,
116; his influence over Henry IV's policy
in Saxony, 128 note, 130; death of, 49;
117, 398
Adalbert, archbishop of Mayence, a chief
enemy of Henry V, 156 sq. ; his character,
and aims, 158; breach with Henry V,
158 sq. , 104; reconciled with Henry V,
160; revolts against Henry, ib. ; the centre
of revolt, 161 sq. ; tries to provoke Calix-
tus II to act against Henry V, 108, 162 sq. ;
his influence at Lothar III's election, 166,
335
Adalbert, St, bishop of Prague, 4
Adalbert, St, the first bishop in Pomerania,
165; saves Stettin, 355
Adalbert, archbishop of Ravenna, deposed
by Henry II, 16
Adalbert, son of Vladislav of Bohemia,
archbishop of Salzburg, 389, 395
Adalbert, bishop of Worms, expelled by
citizens, 132
Adalferio, St, 668
Adalman, archbishop of Milan, supported
by citizens, 213
Adam, abbot of Ebrach, sent by Frederick I
on embassy to Rome, 382
Adam of Lucca, abbot of Farfa, 5
Adam du Petit Pont, his logic, 808
Adana, crusaders welcomed at, 288
Adelaide, Empress, wife of Otto the Great,
662
Adelaide (Praxedis), wife of Henry IV, see
Praxedis
Adelaide, sister-in-law of Henry IV, marries
Rudolf of Swabia, 113
Adelaide, mother of Roger II of Sicily, her
regency and death, 184
Adelaide, second wife of Henry I of England,
539
Adelaide of Maurienne, wife of Louis VI of
France, 621
Adelaide of Vohburg, first wife of Frederick I,
divorced, 390
Adelaide, countess of Turin and Savoy, 13
note
Adelard of Bath, bis philosophy, 810;
studies Arabic, 553
60-2


## p. 948 (#994) ############################################

948
Index
770 sq.
Ademar, bishop of Puy, made papal represen-
tative in First Crusade, 273
‘Adil (Saphadin), Sultan of Egypt, brother
of Saladin, 315, 479
Admont, monastery of, 395
Adolf of Altena, archbishop of Cologne,
opposes Henry VI's plans for making king-
ship hereditary, 474 sq.
Adolf, count of Dassel, and Henry the Lion,
460
Adolf II of Schauenburg, count of Holstein,
and German expansion eastwards, 354
sqq. ; his wars with the Wends, 398;
founds Lübeck, 400; his death, 398
Adolf III of Schauenberg, count of Holstein,
406; supports Philip of Cologne against
Frederick I, 408; goes on Third Crusade,
460 sq. ; returns to Germany and recovers
his lands, 465
Aelfric, abbot of Eynsham, 775
Aesgar the Staller, declares for Edgar the
Aetheling, 501
Aethelwold, bishop of Winchester, and Eng-
lish monasteries, 663
Afdal, vizier of Egypt, captures Jerusalem, 264
Africa, North (Barbary), 239; Idrisids and
Agblabids in, 242; Fātimite Caliphate in,
244; Zairids of, 177, 226; pirates of,
226, 266 sq. ; 225; first Norman attempts
to establish themselves in, 184; Roger II's
conquests in, 189 sq. ; loss of Norman
possessions in, 194 sq. ; Henry VI and,
472 sq.
account of arrival of Normans in S. Italy,
168; his description of Pandulf III, 169
Aimeri, bishop of Clermont, and Louis VI,
598
Aire, 599
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, 210, 730
Aitherius, bishop of Lisieux, and schools,
Aix-la-Chapelle, Henry IV enthroned at, 31;
Henry V crowned at, 148; Lothar III,
crowned at, 336; rising against Lothar
at, 338; Conrad III crowned at, 346, 368;
352; Conrad's son Henry crowned at, 353;
Frederick I crowned at, 382; Henry VI
crowned at, 407; 475; seat of count-
palatine, 118; council of (817), 13, 660;
659
Aix, province of, 90
Al-aftakin, governor of Damascus, captured
by Fātimites, 248
Al-'aini, Arab historian, on treaty between
Greeks and Fātimites, 251 note
Alais, sister of Philip Augustus, 572
Alais, heiress of Humbert III of Maurienne,
betrothed to John Lackland, 567
Alan of Lille (Alanus de Insulis), philosophy
of, 810
Alan, count of Rennes, made a guardian of
William of Normandy, 492
Alan of Richmond, count, supports William
II, 522
Alaric II, his Breviarium Alaricianum, 721
sq.
Al-Arish, southern limit of kingdom of
Jerusalem, 301
Albano, 96
Al-Bārah, crusaders' victory at, 290
Alberic, abbot of Citeaux, 672
Alberic of Rheims, and Abelard, 798
Alberic of Rome, drives Campo from Farfa,
5; Odo of Cluny and, 662
Alberic of Tusculum, father of Pope Bene
dict IX, 17
Albericus of Rosate, jurist, 740
Albert of Austria, and monastic reform, 693
Albert the Bear, of Ballenstädt, the Saxon
rival of the Welfs, 152 sq. ; appointed
margrave of the East Mark by Lothar
of Saxony, 164; deprived, 339 sq. ; aids
missionaries in Pomerania, 343; receives
duchy of Saxony from Conrad III, 346;
loses Saxony, 347 sq. ; the Wends and,
355, 398; obtains North Mark, 343, 350;
and Brandenburg, 344, 357; rivalry with
Henry the Lion, 384, 401; death of, 402;
405
Albert of Morra, see Gregory VIII, Pope
Albert of the Sabina, anti-Pope, 96
Albert of Wettin, margrave of Meissen,
465
Albert, uncle of Baldwin, count of Hainault,
candidate for bishopric of Liège, 466
Albert, brother of Henry duke of Brabant,
papal candidate for the bishopric of Liège,
466; driven out and murdered, 466 sq.
Afshin, Turkish leader, 261; ravages
Northern Syria, 263
Agapetus I, Pope, 766
Agde, council of (506), 11
Agnes, Empress, crowned, 22; regent for
Henry IV, 31, 33, 112 sqq. ; her disposal
of patronage, 113 sq. , 122; relations with
Italy, 35, 114; deprived of regency, 44,
114 sq. ; 21, 59 sq. , 64
Agnes, daughter of Henry IV, marries Duke
Frederick I of Swabia, 140; second mar-
riage, to Margrave Liutpold of Austria,
154; her children, 153, 154 note, 351
Agnes, daughter of Duke Rudolf of Swabia,
marries Berthold of Zäbringen, 140
Agnes of Saarbruck, second wife of Frede-
rick II of Swabia, defends Spires against
Lothar III, 339
Agnes, cousin of Henry VI, marries Henry,
son of Henry the Lion, 469
Ahmad ibn 'Abdallāh, head of Ismā'ilians,
244
Ahmad ibn Husain, al-Mutanabbi, see Muta-
nabbi
Ahmad ibn Tūlūn, first independentemir in
Egypt, 244
Ahmad Shāh, Turkish leader, 261
Aicard, archbishop of Arles, establishes
commune there, 635
Ailward, the chamberlain, and Henry II,
567
Aimé of Monte Cassino, chronicler, his


## p. 949 (#995) ############################################

Index
949
Albert of Aix, chronicler, on Peter the Her.
mit's crusade, 275; his estimates of num.
bers, 277 sq. , 298; on Alexius and Godfrey,
282 note; on First Crusade, 281
Alberti, counts of Prato, their wars with
Florence, 224
Albertus Magnus, and Roger Bacon, 814;
and Aristotle, 818 sq. , 821, 824
Albi, see of, 10; commune of, 650
Albini, Nigel de, endowed by Henry I, 536
Albini, William de, of Belvoir, 534; endowed
by Henry I, 536
Albini, William de, earl of Sussex (or Arun-
del), made earl, 548; supports Henry II,
568 sq. ; 582
Al-Buqai'ah, Nicephorus in, 247
Alcántara, Order of, 333, 683
Alciat, Andrew, the jurist, 741, 752
Alcobaça, abbey, 683
Alcuin, at the court of Charles the Great,
772 sqq. ; 659, 776, 784
Aldobrandeschi, feudal lords in Tuscany, 225
Alençon, 488, 517, 530, 541, 543
Aleppo, capital of Saif-ad-Daulah, 245 sqq. ;
position at, on death of Saif-ad-Daulah,
246, 250; under Sa'd-ad-Daulah, 250 sq. ;
captured by the Greeks, 246 sq. , 249; dis.
puted between Byzantines and Egypt, 251
sq. ; Lūlü emir of, 254; annexed by Egypt,
255; tributary to Byzantines, 256 sqq. ;
captured by Egyptians, 258; rule of
Thumālin, 258 sq. ; and Turkish invasion,
260 sqq. ; under Seljūqs, 263 sq. ; 290,
293, 295; captured by Zangi, 306
Aleramids, see montferrat, marquesses of
Alessandria, foundation of, 442; siege of by
Frederick I, 403, 445 sq. ; temporarily re-
named Cesarea, 452
Alexander II, Pope (Anselm of Baggio), and
the Patarines, 40 sqq. ; bishop of Lucca,
33, 40, 52; election as Pope, 43; contest
with Cadalus, 43 sq. , 115; his pontificate,
45 sqq. ; reforms under, 45 sq. , 678; and
England, 45 sq. , 497; and the Normans,
45, 76 sq. , 178; and reformers at Milan,
47 sqq. ; conflict with Henry IV, 49, 59,
130; death of, 49, 51; character of his
rule, 49 sq. ; power of Papacy under, 50;
4, 34, 37 sq. , 52 sq. , 60, 83
Alexander III, Pope (Roland Bandinelli,
cardinal of St Mark and papal chancellor),
viii, x sq. ; his summa, 742; papal legate
at Besançon, 390 sq. , 424 sq. ; his disputed
election to Papacy, 194, 430 sq. ; his letters to
Frederick I, 432; refuses to attend synod of
Pavia, 433; excommunicates Frederick I,
434 sq. ; in France, 435 sqq. , 617 sqq. ; forms
a league of Lombard cities, 437; returns to
Rome, 439; and the kings of Sicily, ib. , 196,
198 sq. ; attacked by Frederick, 440; flees
from Rome, 441; growing strength of,
443; recognised by Frederick I, 447; and
treaty of Anagni, 447 sq. ; and Peace of
Venice, 449 sq. , 454 sq. ; reconciled with
Frederick I, 450; summons Third Lateran
Council, 451; and Becket, 562 sqq. ; and
the fall of Henry the Lion, 407; and lay
patronage, 8; and Order of Calatrava,
682; last years of, 454 sq. ; death of, 451;
383, 388 sq. , 394 sqq. , 402, 407, 459
Alexander IV, Pope, and Aquinas, 819
Alexander VI, Pope, 695
Alexander of Aphrodisias, commentator on
Aristotle, 811
Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, arrested by
Stephen, 545
Alexandretta, see Iskanderūn
Alexandria, Byzantine fleet at, 257
Alexius I Comnenus, Eastern Emperor, his
war with the Normans, 77 sq. , 181 sq. ; his
wars with Turks, 270; appeals to Urban II,
94, 270; his part in the inception of First
Crusade, 271 sq. ; his policy during First
Crusade, 279 sq. ; success of his negotia-
tions with Latins, 283 sq. ; his claim to
Antioch, 294
Alexius II Comnenus, Eastern Emperor, his
dethronement, 199
Alexius III Angelus, Eastern Emperor,
473, 479
Alexius, Greek general, 194
Alexius, pretender to Eastern Empire, 199
Alfonso VI, King of Castile, 191
Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, and the nun.
nery of Las Huelgas, 681
Alfonso X, King of Castile, and Castilian
law, 774
Algazel, Arab philosopher, 817
‘Ali ibn 'Ammār, of Tripolis, 264
Alice, daughter of Baldwin II, King of Jeru-
salem, marries Bohemond II, 301, 305
Alice, Queen of Cyprus, 315
Alice (Petronilla), second wife of Ralph of
Vermandois, 606
Aljubarrota, victory of, 683
Allier, river, 598
Almira (Halmyrus), pillaged by William I
of Sicily, 193
Almohades, the, Normans and, 190, 194,
200; Henry VI and, 472
Alne, river, 571
Alnwick, 524, 571
Alnwick, bishop of Lincoln, 690
Alofoēs, Cistercian abbey, 677
Alost, 601
Alp Arslān, Seljūq Sultan, receives allegiance
of Aleppo, 261; invades Syria, ib.
Alphege (Aelfheah), St, and Becket, 564
Alphonse-Jourdain, count of Toulouse, and
Louis VII, 605
Alsace, 24, 27; cours colongères in, 652 sqq.
Altdorf, original home of Welfs, 119 note
Altenburg, 405
Altmann, bishop of Passau, papal legate in
Germany, 68; hostile to Henry IV, 139;
death of, 92
Alton, 529
Altopascio, Order of, 683
Alured of Marlborough, 508
Alvastra, Cistercian abbey, 677


## p. 950 (#996) ############################################

950
Index
Amalarius, dean of Metz, his code for clergy,
661
Amalfi, republic of, 167, 216; subdued by
Guiscard, 179; 180, 183, 193; decline of,
226 sq. ; commerce of, 328 sq. ; 367
Amalric of Bene, and John the Scot, 787
Amatus, bishop of Oloron, papal legate in
France, 82 sq. ; archbishop of Bordeaux,
88
Amaury I, King of Jerusalem, extends power
of the High Court in Jerusalem, 304; his
rule, 308; relations with Egypt, ib. ; and
with Nur-ad-Din, ib. ; death of, 309; 317
Amaury II of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, 314;
marries Isabella, sister of Baldwin IV, ib. ;
succeeds to kingdom of Jerusalem, ib. ; and
Henry VI, 473; 317
Amaury III, King of Jerusalem and Cyprus,
314
Amaury de Montfort, and Henry I, 536;
and Louis VI, 596
Ambierle, near Lyons, 664
Ambrières, William I builds castle at, 495
Ambrogio of Camaldoli, 695
Ambrose, St, bishop of Milan, 28, 53
Amesbury, nunnery, 671
Amiens, commune at, 627, 637, 642, 645,
649, 651
'Ammān, captured by Turks, 262
Amyas of Giovenazzo, revolts against Robert
Guiscard, 176, 178
Anacletus II, anti-Pope, see Peter Pierleoni
Anagni, formation of league against Emperor
at (1159), 194; death of Hadrian IV at,
430; treaty of (1176), 403, 447 sq. , 455; 395
Anastasius II, Pope, 709
Anastasius IV, Pope, accepts Wichmann as
archbishop of Magdeburg, 392 ; relations
with Frederick I, 414 sq. ; his death, 415
Ancona, and Manuel I, 191, 194; and Frede-
rick I, 422, 426, 440 sq. ; 472
Ancyra, council of (314), and celibacy, 11
Andernach, Henry V defeated at, 159
Andorra, commune of, 655
Andreae, Joannes, the canonist, 742
Andrew, King of Hungary, makes peace
with the Empire, 113; death of, ib.
Andrew, count of Rupis Canina, rebels
against William I of Sicily, 194
Andronicus I Comnenus, Eastern Emperor,
relations with William II of Sicily, 199;
deposed, 473
Angers, First Crusade preached at, 95; 670
Angilbert, at the court of Charles the Great,
772
Anglesey, 525
Aniane, monastery of, 659 sq. ; see also
Benedict, St, of Aniane
Aniene, river, 421
Anizi-le-Château, 630
Anjou, county of, 491, 494, 498, 518, 551,
554 sq. , 567, 592, 602, 604, 609, 613;
monasticism in, 671; counts of, 598,
601 sq. ; see Fulk, Geoffrey, Henry II of
England
Anna Comnena, historian, on the First
Crusade, 281, 282 note
Anno, archbishop of Cologne, letter of Peter
Damian to, 44; intriguing for power, 114;
his coup d'état at Kaiserswerth, 44, 115,
129; his period of power, 115; superseded
by Adalbert, 45, 115; new bid for power
fails, 116; Gregory VII and, 52 note, 60,
62; revolt of Cologne against, 120, 132;
death of, 133 note; his canonisation, 116;
117
Anselm of Baggio, bishop of Lucca, se
Alexander II, Pope
Anselm, St, archbishop of Canterbury,
made archbishop, 526; his quarrel with
William II, ib. , 666; at papal court, 89,
95; and Council of Bari, 95; Paschal II
and, 96; recalled by Henry I, 528; his
quarrel with Henry I, 99 sq. , 531 sq. ;
his death, 532; his theological works,
792 sqq. ; 90, 97, 109
Anselm Pusterla, archbishop of Milan,
crowns Conrad of Hohenstaufen, 363;
abandoned by Milanese, 366
Anselm, archbishop of Ravenna, 419
Anselm, abbot of Bury St Edmunds, 553
Anselm, bishop of Lucca, rising against,
220; 57 note
Ansfred, a tenant of Richard II of Normandy,
487
Anthony, St, Life of, 1
Antioch, 245; annexed by Byzantines, 247;
249 sqq. ; 255, 257, 260; besieged by
Afshin, 261; captured by Sulaiman, 263 ;
capture of, by Turks, Christian feeling
stirred by, 269; objective of the crusaders,
286; siege of, by crusaders, 289 sqq. ; cap.
ture of, 292 sq. ; plague in, 295; extent
of principality of, 301; its rulers, 301 sq. ;
Assises of, 304; captured by Paibars,
317; 412; princes of, see Bohemond,
Raymond, Roger, Tancred
Antiquiores Consuetudines, of Ulrich, 664
Anūshtakin ad-dizbiri, Fátimite general,
255; governor of Damascus, ib. , 257; de-
feats Nasr ibn Şaliḥ, 258; disgrace and
death of, ib.
Appleby, 570
Apulia, proto-communes in, 216; Byzan.
tine province, 167; revolt of Melo, 168 sq. ;
renewed revolt, 171 ; Norman conquest of,
171 sqq. ; Robert Guiscard becomes duke
of, 175; Norman revolts in, 176, 178,
180, 182; weakness of dukes, 183, 185;
accession of Roger II, 185; 192 sq. , 196,
362, 366 sq. , 458, 461 sqq. , 471, 493 sq. ,
498; dukes of, see Robert, Roger, William
Aqabah, gulf of, 301
Āq-sonqor, Qasim-ad-Daulah, of Aleppo,
264
Aquileia, patriarch of, and Grado, 18
Aquinas, St Thomas, his Summa Theologiae,
331 sq. , 812, 819 sqq. ; and Aristotle, 819
sqq. ; and Averroism, ib. ; opposition to
him, 822 sqq. ; 810


## p. 951 (#997) ############################################

Index
951
Aquino, counts of, defeated by Richard of
Aversa, 173; 416
Aquitaine, 82; Louis VII and, 604 sq. , 609
sq. ; Henry II, duke of, 554, 556, 567, 572,
575, 609 sqq. , 613; monasteries of, 659;
dukes of, see Eleanor, Henry II, Louis VII,
Richard, William
Arab philosophy, 811 sq. , 814 sqq.
Aragon, placed under papal protection, xi,
90; Henry VI and, 472; law in, 745 sq. ;
Cistercians in, 677; King of, 628, 638;
see also Peter
Arbois, charter of, 643, 650
Arbroath, monastery, 678
Arce, 464
Archambaud, and the lordship of Bourbon,
598
Ardoin, leader of Normans, revolts against
Byzantines, 170 sqq.
Arduin, King of Italy, 15
Arelate, see Arles, Burgundy
Arezzo, Victor II dies at, 32 ; dispute over
diocesan boundaries with Siena, 212;
consuls at, 220; hostility of Florence to,
228; bishop and government of, 232; 102,
667
Arnold, archbishop of Mayence, his election,
394; his quarrels with the nobles, 387;
and with the people of Mayence, 388;
murdered, ib.
Arnold, archbishop of Ravenna, 16
Arnold, archbishop of Trèves, 393
Arnold of Brescia, his career and character,
371 sq. ; his defence of Abelard, 372; sent
by Eugenius III to Rome, ib. ; his influence
in Rome, ib. , 377; his relations with
Hadrian IV, 414 sqq. ; his execution, 418;
463
Arnold of Denmark, claimant to Flanders,
599 sq.
Argentan, 486, 490, 526, 543, 550, 564;
vicomte of, see Robert of Bellême
Argyrus, son of Melo, catapan, revolts
against Byzantines, 171; deserts Nor-
mans, ib. ; defeated by Normans, 29;
relations with Leo IX, 173
Ariald, deacon, reforms of, at Milan, 40 sqq. ;
excommunicated by the archbishop, 41;
goes to Rome, 41; attacks local usages at
Milan, 47; leaves Milan, 48; murdered, ib.
Ariano, counts of, take Normans into their
pay, 169; assises of, 204
Aribert, archbishop of Milan, leads capitanei
in war against vavassors, 17, 217 sq. ; in-
vents the carroccio, 218; driven out, 18,
219; reinstated, 20; 39
Aribo, archbishop of Mayence, 16, 18, 45
Arimanni, 217; their management of com-
mon lands, 211 note
Aristotle, Chap. XXIII passim ; early medieval
knowledge of, 331, 789 sq. ; the “new”
Aristotle of the thirteenth century, 811
sqq. ; medieval translations of, 331 sq. ,
Arles, Hadrian IV at, 415; commune of,
629, 635, 616, 650; kingdom of, 626; see
also Burgundy
Arlette, mother of William I, the Conqueror,
492; married to Herluin of Conteville, 496
Armenia, bishopric founded in, 326 ; 252,
260
Armenia Minor (Little), 287, 313, 473
Armenians, 252, 260, 412; alliance of cru-
saders with, 286 sq.
Arno of Salzburg, at the court of Charles the
Great, 772, 774
Arnold, archbishop of Cologne, his embassy
to Italy, 379 sq. ; crowns Frederick I, 382;
Arnold of Lübeck, chronicler, on the fall of
Henry the Lion, 407; on Celestine III,
463 note
Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux, and Henry II,
557 sq. ; sent as envoy to France, 614
Arnulf, son of Roger of Montgomery, 525;
banished by Henry I, 530
Arnulf, Milanese chronicler, 42, 64
Arpajon, castle, 596
'Arqah (Arca), castle of, 252; besieged by
crusaders, 295
Arques, town, 486, 490, 550, 609; vicomté,
485, 491; count of, 485, 493 sq.
Arras, Louis VII and, 599 sqq. ; gild at,
637
Arrouaise, monastery, 679, 681, 683
Arslān al-Basāsiri, Turkish emir, 259
Arslān, Qilij, see Qilij-Arslān
Arsūſ, captured by Baldwin I, 304, 329;
Saladin defeated at, 311; captured by
Baibars, 317
Artāh, 259, 261
Arthur of Brittany, nephew of Richard I,
201
Artois, 498
Arundel, castle, 530, 545; honour of, 548;
earl of, 314, and see Albini
Asad-ad-Daulah “Atiyah, see Atiyah ibn
Salih
Ascalon, victory of crusaders at, 296 sq. ;
county of, 302; captured by Baldwin III,
308; 311
Asclettin, Norman adventurer, 169, 173
Asclettin, chancellor of William I of Sicily,
192
Ash'arī, Arab philosopher, 817
Ashridge, canons of, 683
Asseburg, count oi, Henry the Lion and,
101
Assises, of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 303
sq. ; of Ariano, 204
Assize of Arms, 572
Assize of Clarendon, 584 sqq.
Assize of Northampton, 584 sqq.
Assize of Windsor (Grand Assize), 587
Asti, rising against bishop, 40; consuls at,
220; geographical position of, 229; her
chief foes, ib. ; destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Atenolf II, duke of Gaeta, grants privileges
812 sqq.
419
to city, 216


## p. 952 (#998) ############################################

952
Index
250 sq. ; first treaty with Greeks, 251;
renewed war with Greeks, 251 sq. ; his
death, 252
Azo, the glossator, 737; his influence on
Bracton, 758 sq.
Azo, an Italian marquess, lays claim to the
county of Maine, 517
Azzo, grandfather of Boniface of Tuscany,
23
Azzo, bishop of Acqui, envoy of Calixtus II
to Henry V, 107
Azzo, marquess of Este, marries the Welf
heiress Cunegunda, 129 note, 337 note,
386
Azzo, dean of Magdeburg, 392
Atenolf, abbot of Monte Cassino, takes Nor-
mans into his pay, 169
Atenolf, brother of the Prince of Benevento,
leader against Byzantines, 171
Athalaric, king of the Ostrogoths, and
schools of rhetoric, 766
Athārib, boundary between Greeks and
Muslims, 247
Ather, Guiscard dies at promontory of, 182
‘Atiyah ibn $āliḥ, Asad-ad-Daulah, emir of
Aleppo, 259 sq.
At-siz ibn Abaq, emir of Damascus, 262 sq.
Atto, elected archbishop of Milan by Patar-
ines, 48; confirmed by Pope, 49; opposed
by imperial nominees, 49, 65
Auberea, repudiated wife of Robert Guiscard,
174
Augsburg, council of (952), 9, 14; 28, 35;
diet of (1062), declares for Alexander II,
44, 115; proposed council at, to judge
Henry IV, 68 sq. , 136; sack of, by
Lothar III, 340; 337, 346, 400, 456 sq. ,
462 note
Augustine, St, 1, 12, 53, 57; Rule of, 661,
678 sqq. ; see also Austin canons
Aumâle, 495, 569
Ausonius, the rhetor, 766
Austin canons, 678 sqq. , 683; supported by
Urban II, 89; new constitutions of (1339),
689
Austrasia, 12
Austria, creation of duchy of, 385; 475;
margraves and dukes of, see Henry Jaso-
mirgott, Leopold, Liutpold
Autun, 94
Auvergne, 598, 614; count of, 598, 615
Auvrai, son of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Avellino, Roger II meets Anacletus at,
364
Avencebrol, philosophy of, 817
Averroes (Ibn Rushd), Arabian philosopher,
331, 811 sq. , 817, 821 sq.
Aversa, establishment of Normans under
Rainulf at, 169 sq. , 491; 462; captured
by Henry VI, 464
Avicenna (Ibn Sinā), Arabian philosopher,
331, 816 sq.
Avignon, reforming synod at, 39; commune
of, 644 sq. , 650; 679
Avon, river, 500
Avranches, cathedral of, 491; Henry II
absolved at, 566 sq. ; viscounts of, see
Chester, earls of
Avranchin, the, 483, 491, 523, 550
Axholme, Isle of, 570
Axuch, Byzantine Grand Domestic, 194
Aymard, abbot of Cluny, 663
Aymon Vaire-Vache, and Louis VI, 598
Ayyüb, Sultan of Egypt, allies with Khwā.
razmians, 315
Ayyūb, son of Tamim, Zairid, defeated by
Normans, 177
'Azāz, Greek army forced to retreat at, 256
‘Aziz, Fátimite Caliph, secures control of
Damascus, 249; dealings with Aleppo,
Baalbek, 252, 255
Babenbergs, Agnes, daughter of Henry IV,
ancestress of, 154; see Austria, Bavaria,
Henry Jasomirgott, Leopold, Liutpold
Bacon, Roger, and the translation of Aris-
totle, 813 sq. ; his downfall, 824 sq. ; his
philosophy, 825 sq.
Badr-al-jamāli, governor of Acre and Sidon,
262; occupies Cairo and rules Egypt, ib. ;
defeats Turks, 262; receives allegiance of
Acre, Tyre, Sidon, and Jubail, 264
Bâgé, 616
Baghi Siyān, see Yaghi Bassān
Baghrās, Greek garrison at, 247
Bagnara, occupied by Richard I, 201
Bahrain, power of Qarmatians in, 244
Baibars Bunduqdāri, Mamluk Sultan, defeats
Franks at Gaza, 315; becomes Sultan,
317; captures Antioch and Jaffa, ib. ; makes
a truce with Edward I, 317
Baisān, Greek army at, 249
Bakjūr, emir of Aleppo, attacks Aleppo,
250; his career, 250 sq.
Balātunus, castle, 257
Baldric of Dol, his report of Urban II's
speech at Clermont, 265
Baldus of the Ubaldi, the jurist, 740
Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem, brother of
Godfrey of Bouillon, and First Crusade,
274; resigns claim to Cilicia, 287; estab-
lishes county of Edessa, 287, 301; his
rivalry with Tancred, 288; extends his
conquests, 295; gives Edessa to Baldwin
du Bourg, 301; his rule in Jerusalem,
304; 184
Baldwin II du Bourg, King of Jerusalem,
made count of Edessa, 301; gives Edessa
to Joscelin of Courtenay, 301; assumes
government of Antioch, 301; his rule over
Jerusalem, 304 sq.
Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem, 308
Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem, 309
Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem, 309
Baldwin V, count of Flanders, 599
Baldwin VI, count of Flanders, 599
Baldwin IV, count of Hainault, claims
Flanders, 599
Baldwin V, count of Hainault, bis relations
with Frederick I, 409 sqq.


## p. 953 (#999) ############################################

Index
953
Baldwin, a general of William II of Sicily,
199
Balearic Isles, conquered by Pisans, 226
Balian of Ibelin, 310
Balian of Sidon, on laws of the kingdom
of Jerusalem, 303
Balliol, Gilbert de, 577
Balliol, Joscelin de, 563
Balsamon, Theodore, commentator on Greek
canon law, 708, 719 sq.
Baltic lands, archbishop Adalbert of Bremen
and, 22, 29; trade in, 400
Bamberg, 15, 28; diets at, 108, 163, 340 sq. ,
345; 141; death of Conrad III at, 358;
165, 338, 346
Bamburgh, 544, 556, 570
Bandinelli, Roland, see Alexander III,
Pope
Bani Kalb, Arab tribe, 255
Bani Kilāb, Arab tribe, 255, 259, 261 sq.
Banias, district of kingdom of Jerusalem,
301
Banjūtakin, see Manjūtakin
Barbo, Lodovico, abbot of Santa Giustina,
693
Bardas Phocas, Byzantine general, 250
Bardney, abbey, 686, 690
Bardo, archbishop of Mayence, papal legate
under Leo IX, 27
Bardowiek, occupied by Albert the Bear, 347;
lations with Lübeck, 400; destroyed by
Henry the Lion, 460
Barétous, 655
Barfleur, 530
Barhebraeus, historian, 257 note
Bari, siege and capture of, by Normans, 177;
destroyed by William I, 192 ; council of
(1098), St Anselm at, 95; early commune
at, 216; submits to Lothar III, 187, 367;
diet at (1195), 471, 473; 173, 180, 191,
274, 280, 668
Barjuwān, and Basil II, 252 note
Barking, William I holds a court at, 502
Barnstaple, 504
Barre, Richard, 567
Bartholomeus Brixiensis, the canonist, 742
Bartholomew, bishop of Laon, and Norbert,
680
Bartholomew Salicetus, the jurist, 740
Bartolus of Sassoferrato, the commentator,
740
Barzūyah, 249
Basil I, Eastern Emperor, his codification of
law, 718
Basil II, Eastern Emperor, his reconquest of
Italy, 167; invasion of Syria, 251 sq. ;
second campaign in Syria, 252
Basilicata, the, 688
Basilics, the, 718 sq.
Basle, Henry IV invests Cadalus at, 42;
council of, 690, 695
Basset, Ralph, justiciar, 534, 575
Basset, Richard, capitalis justiciarius, 534,
575
Bassetlaw, wapentake, 570
Bath, 553, 565
Battle, Chronicle of, on the Justiciar, 577
Battle, abbot of, 578
Bauco, 416
Baudouin, the jurist, 752
Baume, monastery of, and Cluny, 661 sq.
Bautzen, ceded to Vladislav II of Bohemia,
389
Bavaria, duchy of, rights of nobles in, 118 sq. ;
given to Otto of Nordheim, 114; given to
Welf IV, 129; independence of Welfs in,
163; given to Babenbergs, 346, 349 sq. ;
given to Henry the Lion, 383 sqq. ; Austria
detached from, 385; given to Otto of
Wittelsbach, 405; Styria detached from,
ib. ; trade in, 400 sq. ; 112 sq. , 140 sq. ,
145 sqq.