, with a commentary
the arguments of which have been preserved by Delphini," very frequently reprinted ; Ernesti,
Servius.
the arguments of which have been preserved by Delphini," very frequently reprinted ; Ernesti,
Servius.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
6.
Briefen, Hanov. 1835.
$ 73), who quotes a punning couplet as the words
of Cicero “ in quodam joculari libello. ”
4. POETICAL WORKS.
13. Pontius Glaucus. Plutarch tells us that
Cicero appears to have acquired a taste for Cicero, while yet a boy, wrote a little poem in
poetical composition while prosecuting his studies tetrameters with the above title. The subject is
under Archias. Most of his essays in this depart- unknown. (Plut. Cic. 2. )
ment belong to his earlier years; they must be 14. Epigramma in Tironem. Mentioned by
regarded as exercises undertaken for improvement Pliny. (Ep. vii. 4. )
or amusement, and they certainly in no way in- The poetical and other fragments of Cicero are
creased his reputation.
given in their most accurate form, with useful in-
notes.
## p. 745 (#765) ############################################
CICERO.
745
CICERO.
troductory notices, in the edition of ne whole 1. Dc Orthographia. 2. De Re Milituri. 3.
works by Nobbe, 1 vol. 4to. , Leipz. 1827, and Synonyma. 4. De Numerosa Oratione al Tironem.
again with some improvements by Orelli, vol. iv. 5. Orpheus s. de Adolescente Studioso. 6. De Me-
pt. ii. , 1828.
moriu. Any tracts which have been published
from time to time under the above titles as works
5. HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS Works.
of Cicero, such as the Dc Re Aſilitari attached to
1. ** De mcis Consiliis s. Meorum Consiliorum many of the older editions, are unquestionably
Espositio. We find from Asconius and St. Augus- spurious. (See Angelo Mai, Cutulog. Cod. An-
tin that Cicero published a work under some such bros. cl. ; Bandini, Catulog. Bill. Laurext. iji. p.
title, in justification of his own policy, at the 405, and Suppl. ii. p. 381; Fabric. Bibl. Lut. i.
period when he feared that he might lose his elec- p. 211; Orelli, Ciccronis Opera, vol. iv. pt. ii.
tion for the consulship, in consequence of the op- p. 584. ).
position and intrigues of Crassus and Caesar. A The Editio Princeps of the collected works of
few sentences only remain. (Ascon. ad Orat. in Cicero was printed at Milan by Alexander Minu-
Tog. Cund. ; Augustin. c. Juliun. Pelag. v. 5; tianus, 4 vols. fol. , 1498, and reprinted with a few
Fronto, Erc. Elocut. )
changes due to Budaeus by Badius Ascensius,
2. De Consulutu (nepl tñs utatelas). The only Paris, 4 vols. fol. , 1511. Aldus Manutius and
purely historical work of Cicero was a commentary Naugerius published a complete edition in 9 vols.
on his own consulship, written in Greek and fol. , Venet. , 1519-1523, which served as the
finished before the month of June, B. C. 60, not model for the second of Ascensius, Paris, 1522, 2
one word of which has been saved. (Ad Att. ii. or 4 vols. fol. None of the above were derived
]; Plut. Cues. 8; Dion Cass. xlvi. 21 ; comp. ad from MS. authorities, but were merely copies of
Fam. v. 12. )
various earlier impressions. A gradual progress
3. De Laude Caesaris. It is clear from the towards a pure text is exhibited in those which
commencement of a letter to Atticus (iv. 5; 10th follow :- Cratander, Basil. 1528, 2 vols. fol. , cor-
April, B. C. 56), that Cicero had written a book or rected by Bentinus after certain Heidelberg MSS. ;
pamphlet in praise of Caesar. He does not give Hervagius, Basil. 1534, 4 vols. fol. ; Junta, Ven.
the title, and was evidently not a little ashamed of 1534— 1537, 4 vols. fol. , an entirely new recension
his performance.
by Petrus Victorius, who devoted his attention
4. ** M. Cato s. Laus M. Catonis. A panegy- especially to the correction of the Epistles from the
ric upon Cato, composed after his death at Utica Medicean MSS. ; Car. Stephanus, Paris, 1555, 4
in B. c. 46, to which Caesar replied in a work en- vols. fol. , containing many new readings from
titled Anticato. (CAESAR, p. 555, a. ] A few MSS. in France ; Dionysius Lambinus, Lutet. ap.
words only remain. (Ad Ati
. xii. 40 ; Gell. xiii. Bernardum Turrisanum, 1566, 4 vols. fol. , with an
19; Macrob. vi. 2; Priscian. 2. 3, p. 485, ed. ample commentary, -in every respect more worthy
Krehl. )
of praise than any of the foregoing, and of the
5. Laus Porciae. A panegyric on Porcia, the greatest importance to the critic; Gruter, Hamburg,
sister of M. Cato and wife of L. Domitus Aheno- Froben. 1618, 4 vols. fol. , including the collations
barbus, written in B. C. 45, soon after her death. of sundry German, Belgian, and French MSS. , fol-
(Ad Atl. xii. 37, 48. )
lowed in a great measure by Jac. Gronovius, Lug.
6. ** Oeconomica ex Xenophonte. Probably not Bat. 1691, 4 rols. 4to. , and by Verburgius, Amst.
so much a close translation as an adaptation of the Wetstein. 1724, 2 vols. fol. , or 4 vols. 4to. , or 12
treatise of Xenophon to the wants and habits of vols. 8vo. , which comprehends also a large collection
the Romans. It was composed in the year B. C. of notes hy earlier scholars ; Olivet, Genev. 1743–
80, or in 79, and was divided into three books, 1749, 9 vols. 4to.
, with a commentary
the arguments of which have been preserved by Delphini," very frequently reprinted ; Ernesti,
Servius. The first detailed the duties of the mis- Hal. Sax. 1774-1777, 5 vols. 8vo. , in 7 parts,
tress of a household at home, the second the duties immeasurably superior, with all its defects, to any
of the master of a household out of doors, the of its predecessors, and still held by some as the
third was upon agriculture. The most important standard; Schütz, Lips. 1814–1823, 20 vols. ,
fragments are contained in the eleventh and twelfth small 850. , in 28 parts, with useful prolegomena
books of Coluinella, which together with those and summaries prefixed to the various works. The
derived from other sources bave been carefully small editions printed by Elzevir, Amst. 1684-
collected by Nobbe (Ciceronis Opera, Leipzig, 1699, 11 vols. 12mo. , by Foulis, Glasg. 1749, 20
1827), and will be found in Orelli's Cicero, vol. iv. vols. 16mo. , and by Barbou, Paris, 1768, 14 vols.
pt. 2. p. 472. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 43; Cic. 12mo. , are much esteemed on account of their
de Off. ii. 24. )
neatness and accuracy.
7. Chorographia. Priscian, according to the text All others must now, however, give place to
usually received (xvi. 16), mentionsChorographiam that of Orelli, Turic. 1826-1837, 9 vols. 8vo. , in
Ciceronianam," but the most recent editor, Krehl, 13 parts. The text has been revised with great
supposes “ orthographiam” to be the true reading, industry and judgment, and is as pure as our pre-
while others substitute “ chronographiam. ” If sent resources can render it, while the valuable
“ chorographia" be correct, it may refer to the geo and well-arranged selection of readings placed at
graphical work in which Cicero was engaged B. c. the bottom of each page enable the scholar to form
59, as we read in letters to Atticus. (ii. 4, 6, 7. ) an opinion for himself. There is unfortunately no
8. Admiranda. A sort of commonplace book or commentary, but this want is in some degree sup-
register of curious facts referred to by the elder plied by an admirable Onomasticon Tullianum,"
Pliny. (H. N. xxxi. 8, 20, comp. xxix. 16, vii. 2, drawn up by Orelli and Baiter jointly, which
21. )
forms the three concluding volumes.
It is doubtful whether works under the follow- The seventh volume contains the Scholiasts upon
ing titles were ever written by Ciccro :-
Cicero, C. Marius Victorinus, Rufinus, C. Julius
a
“ in uslim
a
## p. 746 (#766) ############################################
746
CICERO.
CICERO.
anus.
Victor, Boëthius, Favonine Eulogius, Asconius was an aspimnt to literary famie also, and in poetry
Pedianus, Scholia Bobiensia, Scholiasta Gronovi Cicero considered him superior to himself. (Ad R.
Fr. iii. 4. ) The fact of his having composed four
6. Q. Tullius Cicero, son of No. 2, was born imgedies in sixteen days, even although they may
about B. c. 102, and was educated along with his have been mere translations, does not impress us
elder brother, the orator, whom he accompanied to with a high idea of the probable quality of his pro-
Athens in B. c. 79. (De Fin. v. 1. ) In B. c. 67 ductions (ad Q. Fr. iii. 5); but we possess no spe-
he was elected aedilc, and held the office of practor cimens of his powers in this department, with ihe
in B. C. 62. After his period of service in the city exception of twenty-four hexameters on the twelve
had expired, he succeeded L. Flaccus as governor signs, and an epigram of four lines on the love of
of Asia, where he remained for upwards of three women, not very complimentary to the sex. (An-
years, and during his administration gave great tholog. Lat. c. 41, iii. 88. ) In prose we have an
offence to many, both of the Greeks and of his address to his brother, cntitled De Petitione Con-
own countrymen, by his violent temper, unguarded sulatus, in which he gives him very sound advice
language, and the corruption of his favourite freed- as to the best method of attaining his object.
man, Statius. The murmurs arising from these Quintus was married to Pomponia, sister of
excesses called forth from Marcus that celebrated Atticus; but, from incompatibility of temper, their
letter (ad Q. Fr. i. 2), in which, after warning him union was singulariy unhappy. As an example of
of his faults and of the unfavourable impression their matrimonial squabbles, the reader may refer
which they had produced, he proceeds to detail to a letter addressed to Atticus (v. 1), which con-
the qualifications, duties, and conduct of a perfect tains a most graphic and amusing description of a
provincial ruler. Quintus returned home in B. C. scene which took place in the presence of the lady's
58, soon after his brother had gone into exile, and brother-in-law. (Appian, B. C. iv. 20; Dion Cass.
on his approach to Rome was met by a large body xl. 7, xlvii. 10. )
of the citizens (pro Sext. 31), who had flocked to- 7. M. TULLIUS CICERO, only son of the orator
gether to do him honour. He exerted himself and his wife Terentia, was born in the year B. C.
strenuously in promoting all the schemes devised 65, on the very day, apparently (ad Att. i. 2), on
for procuring the recall of the exile, in consequence which L. Julius Caesar and C. Marcius Figulus
of which he was threatened with a criminal prose were elected consuls. He is frequently spoken of,
cution by App. Claudius, son of C. Clodius (ad Att. while a boy, in terms of the warmest affection, in
iii. 17), and on one occasion nearly fell a victim to the letters of his father, who watched over bis
the violence of one of the mercenary mobs led on education with the most earnest care, and made
by the demagogues. (Pro Sext. 35. ) In B. c. 55 him the companion of his journey to Cilicia. (B. C.
he was appointed legatus to Caesar, whom he at- 51. ) The autumn after their arrival he was sent
tended on the expedition to Britain, and on their along with his school-fellow and cousin, Quintus,
return was despatched with a legion to winter to pay a visit to king Deiotarus (ad Att. v. 17),
among the Nervii. (B. c. 54. ) Here, immediately while the proconsul and his legati were prosecuting
after the disasters of Titurius Sabinus and Aurud- the war against the highlanders of Amanus. He
culeius Cotta, his camp was suddenly attacked by returned to Italy at the end of B. c. 50, was in-
a vast multitude of the Eburones and other tribes vested with the manly gown at Arpinum in the
which had been roused to insurrection by Ambi- course of March, B. c. 49 (ad Att. ix. 6, 19), being
orix. The assault was closely pressed for sereral then in his sixteenth year, passed over to Greece
days in succession, but so energetic were the mea- and joined the army of Pompey, where he received
bures adopted by Cicero, although at that very the coinmand of a squadron of cavalry, gaining
time suffering from great bodily weakness, and so great applause from his general and from the whole
bravely was he supported by his soldiers, that they army by the skill which he displayed in military
were enabled to hold out until relieved by Caesar, exercises, and by the steadiness with which he
who was loud in his commendations of the troops endured the toils of a soldier's life. (De Off. ii.
and their commander. (Caes. B. G. v. 24, &c. ) 13. ) After the battle of Pharsalia he remained at
Quintus was one of the legati of the orator in Brundisium until the arrival of Caesar from the
Cilicia, B. c. 51, took the chief command of the mili- East (ad Fam. xiv. 11, ad Att. xi. 18), was chosen
tary operations against the mountaineers of the soon afterwards (B. C. 46), along with young
Syrian frontier, and upon the breaking out of the Quintus and a certain M. Caesius, to fill the office
civil war, insisted upon sharing his fortunes and of aedile at Arpinum (ad Fam. xiii. 11), and the
following him to the camp of Pompey. (Ad Att. following spring (B. C. 45) expressed a strong wish
ix. 1, 6. ) Up to this time the most perfect confi- to proceed to Spain and take part in the war
dence and the warmest affection subsisted between against his former friends. He was, however,
the brothers; but after the battle of Pharsalia persuaded by his father to abandon this ill-judged
(B. C. 48) the younger, giving way to the bitter project (ad Att. xii. 7), and it was determined
ness of á hasty temper exasperated by disappoint that he should proceed to Athens and there prose-
ment, and stimulated by the representations of his cute his studies, along with several persons of his
son, indulged in the most violent language towards own age belonging to the most distinguished
M. Cicero, wrote letters to the most distinguished families of Rome. Here, although provided with
persons in Italy loading him with abuse, and, pro an allowance upon the most liberal scale (ad Att.
ceeding to Alexandria, made his peace with Caesar. xii. 27, 32), he fell into irregular and extravagant
(B. C. 47. ) (Ad Att. xi. 5, 9, 13, 14--16, 20. ) A habits, led astray, it is said, by a rhetorician
reconciliation took place after his return to Italy; named Gorgias. The young man seems to have
but we hear little more of him until the year B. C. been touched by the remonstrances of Cicero and
43, when he fell a victim to the proscription of the Atticus, and in a letter addressed to Tiro (ad Fam.
triumvirs.
xvi. 21), expresses great shame and sorrow for his
Quintus, in addition to his military reputation, !
Briefen, Hanov. 1835.
$ 73), who quotes a punning couplet as the words
of Cicero “ in quodam joculari libello. ”
4. POETICAL WORKS.
13. Pontius Glaucus. Plutarch tells us that
Cicero appears to have acquired a taste for Cicero, while yet a boy, wrote a little poem in
poetical composition while prosecuting his studies tetrameters with the above title. The subject is
under Archias. Most of his essays in this depart- unknown. (Plut. Cic. 2. )
ment belong to his earlier years; they must be 14. Epigramma in Tironem. Mentioned by
regarded as exercises undertaken for improvement Pliny. (Ep. vii. 4. )
or amusement, and they certainly in no way in- The poetical and other fragments of Cicero are
creased his reputation.
given in their most accurate form, with useful in-
notes.
## p. 745 (#765) ############################################
CICERO.
745
CICERO.
troductory notices, in the edition of ne whole 1. Dc Orthographia. 2. De Re Milituri. 3.
works by Nobbe, 1 vol. 4to. , Leipz. 1827, and Synonyma. 4. De Numerosa Oratione al Tironem.
again with some improvements by Orelli, vol. iv. 5. Orpheus s. de Adolescente Studioso. 6. De Me-
pt. ii. , 1828.
moriu. Any tracts which have been published
from time to time under the above titles as works
5. HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS Works.
of Cicero, such as the Dc Re Aſilitari attached to
1. ** De mcis Consiliis s. Meorum Consiliorum many of the older editions, are unquestionably
Espositio. We find from Asconius and St. Augus- spurious. (See Angelo Mai, Cutulog. Cod. An-
tin that Cicero published a work under some such bros. cl. ; Bandini, Catulog. Bill. Laurext. iji. p.
title, in justification of his own policy, at the 405, and Suppl. ii. p. 381; Fabric. Bibl. Lut. i.
period when he feared that he might lose his elec- p. 211; Orelli, Ciccronis Opera, vol. iv. pt. ii.
tion for the consulship, in consequence of the op- p. 584. ).
position and intrigues of Crassus and Caesar. A The Editio Princeps of the collected works of
few sentences only remain. (Ascon. ad Orat. in Cicero was printed at Milan by Alexander Minu-
Tog. Cund. ; Augustin. c. Juliun. Pelag. v. 5; tianus, 4 vols. fol. , 1498, and reprinted with a few
Fronto, Erc. Elocut. )
changes due to Budaeus by Badius Ascensius,
2. De Consulutu (nepl tñs utatelas). The only Paris, 4 vols. fol. , 1511. Aldus Manutius and
purely historical work of Cicero was a commentary Naugerius published a complete edition in 9 vols.
on his own consulship, written in Greek and fol. , Venet. , 1519-1523, which served as the
finished before the month of June, B. C. 60, not model for the second of Ascensius, Paris, 1522, 2
one word of which has been saved. (Ad Att. ii. or 4 vols. fol. None of the above were derived
]; Plut. Cues. 8; Dion Cass. xlvi. 21 ; comp. ad from MS. authorities, but were merely copies of
Fam. v. 12. )
various earlier impressions. A gradual progress
3. De Laude Caesaris. It is clear from the towards a pure text is exhibited in those which
commencement of a letter to Atticus (iv. 5; 10th follow :- Cratander, Basil. 1528, 2 vols. fol. , cor-
April, B. C. 56), that Cicero had written a book or rected by Bentinus after certain Heidelberg MSS. ;
pamphlet in praise of Caesar. He does not give Hervagius, Basil. 1534, 4 vols. fol. ; Junta, Ven.
the title, and was evidently not a little ashamed of 1534— 1537, 4 vols. fol. , an entirely new recension
his performance.
by Petrus Victorius, who devoted his attention
4. ** M. Cato s. Laus M. Catonis. A panegy- especially to the correction of the Epistles from the
ric upon Cato, composed after his death at Utica Medicean MSS. ; Car. Stephanus, Paris, 1555, 4
in B. c. 46, to which Caesar replied in a work en- vols. fol. , containing many new readings from
titled Anticato. (CAESAR, p. 555, a. ] A few MSS. in France ; Dionysius Lambinus, Lutet. ap.
words only remain. (Ad Ati
. xii. 40 ; Gell. xiii. Bernardum Turrisanum, 1566, 4 vols. fol. , with an
19; Macrob. vi. 2; Priscian. 2. 3, p. 485, ed. ample commentary, -in every respect more worthy
Krehl. )
of praise than any of the foregoing, and of the
5. Laus Porciae. A panegyric on Porcia, the greatest importance to the critic; Gruter, Hamburg,
sister of M. Cato and wife of L. Domitus Aheno- Froben. 1618, 4 vols. fol. , including the collations
barbus, written in B. C. 45, soon after her death. of sundry German, Belgian, and French MSS. , fol-
(Ad Atl. xii. 37, 48. )
lowed in a great measure by Jac. Gronovius, Lug.
6. ** Oeconomica ex Xenophonte. Probably not Bat. 1691, 4 rols. 4to. , and by Verburgius, Amst.
so much a close translation as an adaptation of the Wetstein. 1724, 2 vols. fol. , or 4 vols. 4to. , or 12
treatise of Xenophon to the wants and habits of vols. 8vo. , which comprehends also a large collection
the Romans. It was composed in the year B. C. of notes hy earlier scholars ; Olivet, Genev. 1743–
80, or in 79, and was divided into three books, 1749, 9 vols. 4to.
, with a commentary
the arguments of which have been preserved by Delphini," very frequently reprinted ; Ernesti,
Servius. The first detailed the duties of the mis- Hal. Sax. 1774-1777, 5 vols. 8vo. , in 7 parts,
tress of a household at home, the second the duties immeasurably superior, with all its defects, to any
of the master of a household out of doors, the of its predecessors, and still held by some as the
third was upon agriculture. The most important standard; Schütz, Lips. 1814–1823, 20 vols. ,
fragments are contained in the eleventh and twelfth small 850. , in 28 parts, with useful prolegomena
books of Coluinella, which together with those and summaries prefixed to the various works. The
derived from other sources bave been carefully small editions printed by Elzevir, Amst. 1684-
collected by Nobbe (Ciceronis Opera, Leipzig, 1699, 11 vols. 12mo. , by Foulis, Glasg. 1749, 20
1827), and will be found in Orelli's Cicero, vol. iv. vols. 16mo. , and by Barbou, Paris, 1768, 14 vols.
pt. 2. p. 472. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 43; Cic. 12mo. , are much esteemed on account of their
de Off. ii. 24. )
neatness and accuracy.
7. Chorographia. Priscian, according to the text All others must now, however, give place to
usually received (xvi. 16), mentionsChorographiam that of Orelli, Turic. 1826-1837, 9 vols. 8vo. , in
Ciceronianam," but the most recent editor, Krehl, 13 parts. The text has been revised with great
supposes “ orthographiam” to be the true reading, industry and judgment, and is as pure as our pre-
while others substitute “ chronographiam. ” If sent resources can render it, while the valuable
“ chorographia" be correct, it may refer to the geo and well-arranged selection of readings placed at
graphical work in which Cicero was engaged B. c. the bottom of each page enable the scholar to form
59, as we read in letters to Atticus. (ii. 4, 6, 7. ) an opinion for himself. There is unfortunately no
8. Admiranda. A sort of commonplace book or commentary, but this want is in some degree sup-
register of curious facts referred to by the elder plied by an admirable Onomasticon Tullianum,"
Pliny. (H. N. xxxi. 8, 20, comp. xxix. 16, vii. 2, drawn up by Orelli and Baiter jointly, which
21. )
forms the three concluding volumes.
It is doubtful whether works under the follow- The seventh volume contains the Scholiasts upon
ing titles were ever written by Ciccro :-
Cicero, C. Marius Victorinus, Rufinus, C. Julius
a
“ in uslim
a
## p. 746 (#766) ############################################
746
CICERO.
CICERO.
anus.
Victor, Boëthius, Favonine Eulogius, Asconius was an aspimnt to literary famie also, and in poetry
Pedianus, Scholia Bobiensia, Scholiasta Gronovi Cicero considered him superior to himself. (Ad R.
Fr. iii. 4. ) The fact of his having composed four
6. Q. Tullius Cicero, son of No. 2, was born imgedies in sixteen days, even although they may
about B. c. 102, and was educated along with his have been mere translations, does not impress us
elder brother, the orator, whom he accompanied to with a high idea of the probable quality of his pro-
Athens in B. c. 79. (De Fin. v. 1. ) In B. c. 67 ductions (ad Q. Fr. iii. 5); but we possess no spe-
he was elected aedilc, and held the office of practor cimens of his powers in this department, with ihe
in B. C. 62. After his period of service in the city exception of twenty-four hexameters on the twelve
had expired, he succeeded L. Flaccus as governor signs, and an epigram of four lines on the love of
of Asia, where he remained for upwards of three women, not very complimentary to the sex. (An-
years, and during his administration gave great tholog. Lat. c. 41, iii. 88. ) In prose we have an
offence to many, both of the Greeks and of his address to his brother, cntitled De Petitione Con-
own countrymen, by his violent temper, unguarded sulatus, in which he gives him very sound advice
language, and the corruption of his favourite freed- as to the best method of attaining his object.
man, Statius. The murmurs arising from these Quintus was married to Pomponia, sister of
excesses called forth from Marcus that celebrated Atticus; but, from incompatibility of temper, their
letter (ad Q. Fr. i. 2), in which, after warning him union was singulariy unhappy. As an example of
of his faults and of the unfavourable impression their matrimonial squabbles, the reader may refer
which they had produced, he proceeds to detail to a letter addressed to Atticus (v. 1), which con-
the qualifications, duties, and conduct of a perfect tains a most graphic and amusing description of a
provincial ruler. Quintus returned home in B. C. scene which took place in the presence of the lady's
58, soon after his brother had gone into exile, and brother-in-law. (Appian, B. C. iv. 20; Dion Cass.
on his approach to Rome was met by a large body xl. 7, xlvii. 10. )
of the citizens (pro Sext. 31), who had flocked to- 7. M. TULLIUS CICERO, only son of the orator
gether to do him honour. He exerted himself and his wife Terentia, was born in the year B. C.
strenuously in promoting all the schemes devised 65, on the very day, apparently (ad Att. i. 2), on
for procuring the recall of the exile, in consequence which L. Julius Caesar and C. Marcius Figulus
of which he was threatened with a criminal prose were elected consuls. He is frequently spoken of,
cution by App. Claudius, son of C. Clodius (ad Att. while a boy, in terms of the warmest affection, in
iii. 17), and on one occasion nearly fell a victim to the letters of his father, who watched over bis
the violence of one of the mercenary mobs led on education with the most earnest care, and made
by the demagogues. (Pro Sext. 35. ) In B. c. 55 him the companion of his journey to Cilicia. (B. C.
he was appointed legatus to Caesar, whom he at- 51. ) The autumn after their arrival he was sent
tended on the expedition to Britain, and on their along with his school-fellow and cousin, Quintus,
return was despatched with a legion to winter to pay a visit to king Deiotarus (ad Att. v. 17),
among the Nervii. (B. c. 54. ) Here, immediately while the proconsul and his legati were prosecuting
after the disasters of Titurius Sabinus and Aurud- the war against the highlanders of Amanus. He
culeius Cotta, his camp was suddenly attacked by returned to Italy at the end of B. c. 50, was in-
a vast multitude of the Eburones and other tribes vested with the manly gown at Arpinum in the
which had been roused to insurrection by Ambi- course of March, B. c. 49 (ad Att. ix. 6, 19), being
orix. The assault was closely pressed for sereral then in his sixteenth year, passed over to Greece
days in succession, but so energetic were the mea- and joined the army of Pompey, where he received
bures adopted by Cicero, although at that very the coinmand of a squadron of cavalry, gaining
time suffering from great bodily weakness, and so great applause from his general and from the whole
bravely was he supported by his soldiers, that they army by the skill which he displayed in military
were enabled to hold out until relieved by Caesar, exercises, and by the steadiness with which he
who was loud in his commendations of the troops endured the toils of a soldier's life. (De Off. ii.
and their commander. (Caes. B. G. v. 24, &c. ) 13. ) After the battle of Pharsalia he remained at
Quintus was one of the legati of the orator in Brundisium until the arrival of Caesar from the
Cilicia, B. c. 51, took the chief command of the mili- East (ad Fam. xiv. 11, ad Att. xi. 18), was chosen
tary operations against the mountaineers of the soon afterwards (B. C. 46), along with young
Syrian frontier, and upon the breaking out of the Quintus and a certain M. Caesius, to fill the office
civil war, insisted upon sharing his fortunes and of aedile at Arpinum (ad Fam. xiii. 11), and the
following him to the camp of Pompey. (Ad Att. following spring (B. C. 45) expressed a strong wish
ix. 1, 6. ) Up to this time the most perfect confi- to proceed to Spain and take part in the war
dence and the warmest affection subsisted between against his former friends. He was, however,
the brothers; but after the battle of Pharsalia persuaded by his father to abandon this ill-judged
(B. C. 48) the younger, giving way to the bitter project (ad Att. xii. 7), and it was determined
ness of á hasty temper exasperated by disappoint that he should proceed to Athens and there prose-
ment, and stimulated by the representations of his cute his studies, along with several persons of his
son, indulged in the most violent language towards own age belonging to the most distinguished
M. Cicero, wrote letters to the most distinguished families of Rome. Here, although provided with
persons in Italy loading him with abuse, and, pro an allowance upon the most liberal scale (ad Att.
ceeding to Alexandria, made his peace with Caesar. xii. 27, 32), he fell into irregular and extravagant
(B. C. 47. ) (Ad Att. xi. 5, 9, 13, 14--16, 20. ) A habits, led astray, it is said, by a rhetorician
reconciliation took place after his return to Italy; named Gorgias. The young man seems to have
but we hear little more of him until the year B. C. been touched by the remonstrances of Cicero and
43, when he fell a victim to the proscription of the Atticus, and in a letter addressed to Tiro (ad Fam.
triumvirs.
xvi. 21), expresses great shame and sorrow for his
Quintus, in addition to his military reputation, !
