I
forwarded
to
I have not seen Mario but will to-morrow evening.
I have not seen Mario but will to-morrow evening.
Samuel Beckett
.
), which he thought would appeal to AE who was a theosophist (Lawrence E.
Harvey, Samuel Beckett: Poet and Critic [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970] 283-285; Pilling, A Samuel Beckett Chronology, 23).
"Sonnet" was later published as part of SB's story "Sedendo et Quiesciendo [for Quiescendo]", tran sition 21 (March 1932) 17, and in Samuel Beckett, Dream of Fair to Middling Women, ed.
Eoin O'Brien and Edith Fournier (New York: Arcade Publishing, in association with Riverrun Press, 1993) 70; all citations are from this edition.
3 JamesJoycewasknownasthePenman(afterhischaracterShemthePenmanin Finnegans Wake). French poet Paul Verlaine (1844-1896).
"Sinon a une petite femme" (except to a little woman).
4 Alan George Duncan• (1895-1943) lived in Paris from 1924; he and his wife Isabel Belinda Atkinson Duncan• (1893-1964) were frequently Beckett's cafe companions. Alan Duncan's "only subject" was Shaw (Brian Coffey, June 1993).
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) did have a new play, The Apple Cart (first pub lished in German as Der Kaiser von Amerika: Eine politische Komodie in drei Akten, tr. Siegfried Trebitsch [Berlin: S. Fischer Verlag, 1929], and then in English with Saint
Joan in George Bernard Shaw, The Works of Bernard Shaw: Collected Edition, XVII [London: Constable, 1930], as well as separately in December 1930 [London: Constable, 19301). In Shaw's Doctor's Delusion, Crude Criminology, and Sham Education (1931), several essays were republished that offered analyses of criminal cases (see Dan H. Laurence, Bernard Shaw: A Bibliography, I [Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983] 187-189).
5 "Amusez-vousbien"(enjoyyourself).
20
Sunday [c. 27 April to 11 May 1930}, McGreevy
THOMAS McGREEVY TARBERT, CO. KERRY
Sunday [c. 27 April to 11 May 1930] E. N. S. [Paris]
My dear Tom
I have just read your letter, and am glad you have found
1
is very little of either, except perhaps to-day, when this place is
empty and silent. I have started vaguely to work. I saw Goll.
Another slave. I am seeing Soupault to-morrow, to ask him to
take on my part of the rivers & let me begin on the base trans
somepeace&happinesswithyourMother&sisters. Herethere
lation. 2 Last night I drank with Alan, Belinda, Harry Clark [for 3
Clarke]&theM�Kennas. [•••]
Harry C. left for London this morning. The M�Ks. arrived last
4
people shits? Signed photographs, signed books, signed menus.
night laden down with Poe & Goethe for him to sign. Aren't
I suppose the Gilberts & Carduccis would feel honoured ifJoyce
signed a piece of his used toilet paper. 5 I saw J. J. on Thursday 6
night. MissWeaverwasthere. Ilikeherverymuch. AndjustLucia and M�. A pleasant evening. Sometimes I hear from Germany, but
7
tapirising & reading Keats, you'll be sorry to hear. I like that
crouching brooding quality in Keats - squatting on the moss,
crushing a petal, licking his lips & rubbing his hands, 'counting
the last oozings, hours by hours. ' I like him the best of them all,
because he doesn't beat his fists on the table. I like that awful
sweetness and thick soft damp green richness. And weariness.
'Take into the air my quiet breath. ' But there's nobody here to
8
21
now with a very decent irregularity. I have been doing a little
talk to, & it[']s so rarely one is enthusiastic, or glad ofsomething.
Sunday [c. 27 April to 11 May 1930}, McGreevy
I am afraid the Trinity - Ecole arrangement is doomed. I'm
afraid I'm going to be embarrassed again - if they offer me
anything. I only heard indirectly, Pelorson via Beaufret - so
9
do so far, and it['Js as good a way of creating [a] past as any other - & safer than most. 10
Lucia is coming to tea. God bless. Yrs ever
Sam
ALS; 1 leaf, 4 sides; TCD, MS 10402/6. Dating: Harry Clarke left Pau at the end of April 1930, stopping in Paris and London on the way to Dublin, where he arrived on 16 May (Nicola Gordon Bowe, The Life and Work of Harry Oarke [Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1989] 223). The date for their evening together may have been 26 April, 3 or 10 May, with the first two most likely. Joyce was in Zurich c. 13 May to c. 17 June.
1 McGreevy'sfatherThomasMcGreevy(1858-1930)diedon19April;McGreevyhad returned to Tarbert to be with his mother Margaret McGreevy (nee Enright, 1855-1936) and his sisters.
2 When asked to undertake a French translation of the Anna Livia Plurabelle chapter of Work in Progress, SB was assisting Joyce by translating into French references to over a thousand names of rivers woven through that section of the manuscript later published as Finnegans Wake ([New York: Viking Press, 1959] 196-216; for a listing ofthe rivers see McHugh, Annotations to Finnegans Wake, 196-216).
Ivan Goll (ne Isaac Lang, 1891-1950), born in St. -Die-des-Vosges, Lorraine, wrote poetry, drama, and novels in both French and German. On behalf of the Basel pub lisher Rhein-Verlag, Goll approached Joyce about publishing German translations of his work. As a polyglot, Goll was helpful to Joyce as he wrote Work in Progress.
French surrealist poet, writer, and critic Philippe Soupault (1897-1990).
3 AlanandBelindaDuncan.
Dublin illustrator and stained-glass artist Harry Clarke (1889-1931). These McKennas have not been identified.
4 Harry Clarke illustrated editions of Tales of Mystery and Imagination (London: G. G. Harrap, 1919) by Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) and Faust (London: G. G. Harrap, 1925) by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832).
5 StuartGilbert(1883-1969)workedontheFrenchtranslationofJoyce'sUlyssesand helped to popularize Joyce's work with his book, James Joyce's Ulysses: A Study (1930). French poet and translator Auguste Morel (n. d. ) translated Ulysses as Ulysse (1929), assisted by Gilbert; the translation was revised by French novelist, poet, critic, and translator Valery Larbaud (1881-1959). (For discussion of the process: Richard
22
keepitclose. Theyaremakingabigmistake.
Don't worry about Formes. I have had practically nothing to
14 May 1930, Putnam
Ellmann, James Joyce: New and Revised Edition [Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, paper back with corrections, 1983] 562-563, 601-602; James Joyce, Letters of]ames Joyce, I, ed. Stuart Gilbert [New York: Viking Press, 1957] 28).
The Italian composer and music critic Edgardo Carducci-Agustini (1898-? ), set Joyce's poem "Alone" to music, and for some months "read to Joyce in Italian for two hours a day" (Ellmann,JamesJoyce, 648).
6 Harriet Shaw Weaver (1876-1961) published and promoted Joyce's work in England. She was a devoted friend and benefactor of Joyce.
7 SB's German correspondent is his cousin Peggy in Kassel, with whom he had been emotionally involved (see Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 113-114).
8 "Tapirising,"from"tapir"(Frenchacademicslang,privatepupil).
SB misquotes a line from "To Autumn" by John Keats (1795-1821): "Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours"; the second quotation is from "Ode to a Nightingale" by Keats: "I have been half in love with easeful Death, / Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme, / To take into the air my quiet breath" Oohn Keats, The Poems of]ohn Keats, ed. Jack Stillinger [Cambridge, MA: Belknap-Harvard University Press, 1978] 476-477;
369-372).
9 Rudmose-BrownexpectedSBtoreturntoTrinityCollegeDublinashisassistant in the autumn of 1930. That year, TCD did not propose a candidate for the exchange program with the Ecole Normale Superieure (William Kennedy, Trinity College Registrar, to Ernest Vessiot, Ecole Normale Superieure [31 May 1930], AN, 61AJ/202). IntheplaceofsomeonefromTCD,RobertI. Brown(1907-1996)fromtheUniversityof Glasgow was accepted asLecteur d'anglais by the ENS. In a further complication, Georges Pelorson petitioned to remain at TCD for 1930-1931 rather than accept an assignment at the University of Glasgow (Pelorson to the Directeur, Ecole Normale Superieure [21 June 1930], AN, 61 AJ 202).
Jean Beaufret" (known as Bowsprit, 1907-1982) was a Philosophy student and had been McGreevy's roommate at the ENS; "Bowsprit," based on the French, "beaupre" (bowsprit) (Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 150-151).
10 SBcontinuedtostandinforMcGreevyatFonnes,sothatMcGreevycouldretain his position while he was away from Paris (see 1 March 1930, n. 1).
SAMUEL PUTNAM PARIS
14/5/30 Ecole Normale
Rue d'Ulm 45 [Paris]
Dear Mr Putnam
This was nearly finished when your pneu came, so I went on
1
withit. Itisfarandawaythebestofabadlot. Therearesomegood
23
14 May 1930, Putnam
things in the Favola Gattesca - do you remember it? It is roughly four times as long as Paesaggio. Do you wish me to translate it - or would you prefer something shorter in the way of a pendant to this rather watery pastoral humility: Crepuscolo Mitologico, for example. 2 I will not start anything until I hear from you.
Very sincerely yours s/ S. B. Beckett
TLS; 1 leaf. 1 side; enclosure not with letter; NjP, New Review Correspondence of Samuel Putnam, COl11/1/9.
1 As Associate Editor of This Quarter, Samuel Putnam• (1892-1950) compiled the "Miniature Anthology of Contemporary Italian Literature" for This Quarter, 2. 4 (April-May-June, 1930). It includedSB's translations: "Paesaggio" by the Italian writer
Raffaello Franchi (1899-1949) translated by SB as "Landscape"; "Delta" by Eugenio Montale (1896-1981); and "TheHome-Coming" byGiovanni Comisso (1895-1969) (672, 630, 675-683).
The European Caravan: An Anthology of the New Spirit in European Literature• had been planned as a two-volume anthology; an Italian section was to appear in the second volume, but this was not published (ed. Samuel Putnam, Maida Castelhun Damton,
George Reavey, and J[acob]Bronowski [New York:Brewer, Warren, and Putnam, 19311).
2 Franchi's Favola Gattesca was published in Piazza natia (Turin: Fratelli Buratti Editori, 1929) 97-106. "Crepuscolo mitologico" (120-122) is the third section of Diorama (107-124) in Piazza natia.
THOMAS M cGREEVY TARBER T, CO. KERRY
Thursday[? 17 July 1930]
Ecole Normale [Paris]
My dear Tom
Glad to get your letter & know that things had gone well in
1
London. You do not say anything about the Connoisseur people. Did you see them? Here nothing more interesting than the usual drink & futility. Alfy is here, and we saw Soupault together. We are working on the bloody thing together in a vague ineffectual
24
Thursday{? 17 July 1930}, McGreevy
kind of way. 2 Alfy has gone to repose himself at Boulogne sur
Merde (or sur Seine, as you like) and then of course he must lie
with his subtle Russian sweet. Indeed, I have seen very little ofhim.
He is changed or I have or both. I guess at the old Alfy. The first
evening he burst out in a fury about Ethna, and the 'salaud qui m'a
fait rater ma vie'. Since then nothing, mockery & decompositions
and dreadfully perfect. Shining agates of negation. How energetic
they always are, these self-avowed cynics and desabuses, bristling
with passionate estimates and beating their breasts in a jemenfou
tiste & jusquauboutiste frenzy. 3 He will be here till the end of the
month and then in Auvergne. How can we do any thing in that
time, meeting tired in the evening and gal[l]oping through a page?
I know there is nothing to be done and that nothing of any value
4
The 14th was all right, because I was drunker than either
Nancy or Henry. There were other people there, God knows who,
5
also what I said & did, but I think it was all right. I was so tired at
the end that I could hardly climb into a taxi. They liked the Rahab
tomfoolery, God help them. Henry said several times that it was
'vey vey bootiful & vey vey fine in-deed. ' He was very nice &
behaved very well, and played the piano at the Cigogne, where I
6
'By the Embankment I counted the grey gulls Nailed to the wind above a distorted tide. '7
No . . ? And then a lot of padding I am afraid. I don't know. Perhaps it's very good.
25
will be done, but one goes on, driven by a wind, like the accidiosi.
buttheywentoffearlyforalittlecoucherieIsuppose. Godknows
describedarabesquesofanoriginalpattem. IheardfromNancy from London. She has given me her Parallax that I asked her for, & lent me The Apes of God & some Pound Cantos. I read Parallax. I don't know what to say about it. There are some fine things:
Thursday[? 17 July 1930}, McGreevy
8
I had a terrible l1⁄2 h(our] with Alan & B. in the usual kip.
I was sitting there with Alfy (whom they know) & Pelorson, and
of course they had to be invited to our table. Then the noble
captain & traducer turned on his salivary glands and his supply
of Shaw texts, and was a camelot on the strength of the 141h's
bunting. He went on & on & Alfy heaped fuel on the flame by
disagreeing. Pelorson collapsed spontaneously on the banquette
and I observed a terrible silence that will never be forgiven
9
Fortunately Louis le Cardonnel was there & the exquisite
Therive. Pelorson was delighted. Therive left without paying
for his beer, and the fat Chestertonian individual refused angrily
to pay for him. 10 Pelorson was in an extraordinary state of
excitement & hilarity. Really he is charming - specially alone.
Ican'tstarttheProust. Cursethishurryanyhow. Didthey mention it in London? I know what will happen: that the German trip will be sacrificed to no purpose, and that I will creep away at the last moment without having done any thing - Joyce or Proust. At least I have finished reading the bastard.
by Rathmines. It is more impossible every time I see them.
Yesterday we were up all night. At last we bought a bottle of
champagne a la Charlus, and brought it up here with his gram
ophone & played Tristan & Isolde & the Oiseau de Feu. Poor
11
A long cheerless letter but very friendly from Ruddy. He
can't find a publisher for a book he wants to write on Racine.
Could anything be done with Chatto & Windus? I bought the
Larousse edition & tried to read Esther. What is wrong with me?
12
Pelorson! What an unhappy person. II n'y a que cela he said.
I find chevilles everywhere, and I never did before in Racine.
I had a nice friendly card from Peggy from the North Sea, where she is with the Boche Hausfreund & Cissie & the youngest
girl. 13 I was very glad. I sent the pome to the Boss. 14 26
Thursday[? 17July1930}, McGreevy
A letter from Lucia too. I don't know what to do. She is
unhappy she says. Now that you are gone there is no one to
talk to about that. I dare not go to Wales, and I promised I would
15
if they were there on my way through.
There is no solution. What terrible instinct prompts them to have the genius of beauty at the right - or the wrong - moment!
But it is impossible. To-morrow I will get your book & send it along.
I forwarded to
I have not seen Mario but will to-morrow evening. We are bring[ing] the Bowsprit
Tarbert a bulky letter from Jack Yeats I think.
16
out for a spree.
Yes, I was in time for Angelo. He was to have come this
afternoon & I hurried back to find a note saying he had to go
17
about his papers to the consulat.
The light has collapsed again & they won't come & mend.
The room is full of candles. Love
Sam
Alfy dit que les Japonais aiment beaucoup a enculer des
canards agonisants, a cause du duvet, parait-il. 18
Gaudin is colle, poor creature, & he wanted to get married.
Reclame pour moi! 19
ALS; 5 leaves; 10 sides; PS upper right margin, side 1; TCD. MS 10402/2. Dating: SB's reference to the strength of the 14th's bunting indicates Bastille Day. A letter fromJack B. Yeats to McGreevy in Paris on 14July 1930 ("I expect Paris in the summer is rather stuffy," enclosing reviews of Yeats's show in London [TCD, MS 10381/111]) was for warded by SB to Tarbert, Ireland. In July 1930, the Joyces were in Wales, but they returned to England on 28 July (see [before 5 August 1930], n. 3). The Apes of God had been published by June 1930. Nancy Cunard was in London from 15 July through at least 21 July 1930, when she attended a dinner party in honor of George Moore. Hence the date of this letter is probably Thursday 17July 1930.
1 OnhiswayfromParistohisfamilyhomeinTarbert,McGreevypassedthrough London. From November 1925 to February 1927, McGreevy had been Assistant Editor of The Connoisseur, a Journal of the Arts (1901-1992), London.
SB canceled "Criterion" and inserted above it "Connoisseur. "
27
Thursday{? 17 July 1930}, McGreevy
2 Alfred Remy Peron• (1904-1945) entered the Ecole Normale Superieure in 1924 and was agrege d'anglais by 1929; he first met SB when he was Lecteur in French at Trinity College Dublin (1926-1928), and they were together at the ENS in 1929. Peron was working with SB on the French translation of the "Anna Livia Plurabelle" chapter of Joyce's Work in Progress, which had been first published separately in English Uames Joyce, Anna Livia Plurabelle ! New York: Crosby Gaige, 19281). Philippe Soupault was directing the translation originally intended for publication in the Paris journal Bifer (May 1929 - June 1931), edited by Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes (1887-1974).
3 MarieLezine(knownasMania,1900-1988);shemarriedPeronin1930.
Ethna Mary Maccarthy" (1903-1959). SB's contemporary in Modem Languages at Trinity College Dublin, figures as a beloved in SB's poem, "Alba," and in Dream ofFair to Middling Women. "'Salaud qui m'a fait rater ma vie'" (bastard who ruined my life).
"Desabuses" (disillusioned ones); "jemenfoutiste" (don't-give-a-damnish); "jusquau boutiste" (no-half-measures-ish).
4 SB alludes to the "accidiosi" (slothful) in Dante's Divine Comedy, but seems to confuse them with the "lussuriosi" (lustful). Those souls "driven by the wind" in the Comedy are the Lustful in Inferno Canto V, and more briefly the Incontinent in Inferno Canto XI (line 71). The "accidiosi" appear in Canto VII ofinferno, but as they are under slime, no wind can reach them: "'Tristi fummo / ne l'aere dolce che dal sol s'allegra, / portando dentro accidioso fummo: / or ci attristiam ne la belletta negra"' ("'We were sullen in the sweet air that is gladdened by the sun, bearing in our hearts a sluggish smoke; now we are sullen in the black-mire'") (Dante, La Divina Commedia, Inferno Canto VII, lines 121-124; Dante, The Divine Comedy, I, Inferno).
5 BastilleDay,theFrenchnationalholidaycelebratedon14July.
SB wrote Whoroscope on 15June and submitted it that night to the competition of the Hours Press for the best poem on time. With Richard Aldington, Nancy Cunard' (1896-1965), English writer. journalist and publisher of the Hours Press (1928-1934), had selected SB's Whoroscope (Paris: Hours Press, 1930) as the winner. To Louise Morgan (1883-1964) Cunard wrote a letter dated only with the time, "3 a. m. " (in AH
June 1930):
We found a poem, a beauty, by a poet - so much so that it must be printed by itself. Irishman of 23, Ecole Normale here, that's all I know, but am seeing him tomorrow. Richard says many of the allusions are to Descartes! . ] I shouldn't have known. Much in it none of us will ever know, and the whole thing so good it proves again the rest doesn't matter.
Will you announce please that the Hours Press prize for best Time poem is awarded to Samuel Beckett. Poem called "The Eighth Day"[. . . ] (CtY, GEN MSS 80, series V, 36/861)
The exact date of publication is uncertain, probably between 1 and 8July 1930. In a card to Morgan dated Mon. [30 June 1930], Cunard wrote "Beckett is� good (not a Honey! ) Doing his poem tomorrow - will send - do insert note of Prize winning. " Louise Morgan was an Editor of Everyman; an announcement of the award included notice that the poem would be published "almost immediately in an edition consisting of100 signed and 300 unsigned copies at 5s. and ls. respectively" ("Books and Authors, Everyman 75 [3July 1930] 728). Writing on Saturday [6July 1930], Cunard indicates:
28
Thursday[? 17July1930}, McGreery
"Will be sending you Beckett's Poem Tues" (CtY, GEN MSS 80, series V, 36/361). See also Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 116-118, and Nancy Cunard, These Were the Hours: Memories ofMy Hours Press, Reanville and Paris, 1928-1931 [Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press; London: Feffer and Simons, 1969] 109-111).
Nancy Cunard's companion and assistant at Hours Press was the American jazz pianist Henry Crowder" (1895-1954).
"Coucherie" (fun between the sheets).
6 SB wrote "From the Only Poet to a Shining Whore: for Henry Crowder to Sing" (Henry Crowder, Henry-Music [Paris: Hours Press, 1930] [6, 12-141). The opening phrase ofSB's poem is "Rahab ofthe holy battlements," an allusion to Rahab, the harlot of Jericho Uoshua 2; see Harvey, Samuel Beckett, 305). Henry Crowder played the piano at Les Cigognes, 187 Rue de la Croix-Nivert, Paris 15. In his memoir, Crowder writes of SB: "Nancy became very interested in this man and he did have a very charming person ality" (Henry Crowder and Hugo Speck, As Wonderful as All That? : Henry Crowder's Memoir ofHis Affair with Nancy Cunard 1928-1935, ed. Robert L. Allen [Navarro, CA: Wild Trees Press, 1987] 76).
7 NancyCunardwasinLondonfrom15Julythroughatleast21July1930(Nancy Cunard to Louise Morgan, Saturday [6 July 1930], CtY, GEN MSS 80, series V, 36/861; Evelyn Waugh, The Diaries ofEvelyn Waugh, ed. Michael Davie [London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976] 323).
Nancy Cunard's letter to SB from London has not been found. Nancy Cunard, Parallax (London: Hogarth Press, 1925) 11.
The Apes ofGod (1930) by Wyndham Lewis (ne Percy Wyndham Lewis, 1882-1957) was published in June.
The Cantos ofEzra Loomis Pound (1885-1972) were then an ongoing literary work of which two sections had been published in limited editions: A Draft ofXVI Cantos ofEzra Pound: For the Beginning of a Poem of Some Length, initials by Henry Strater (Paris: Three Mountains Press, 1925), and A Draft ofthe Cantos 17-27 of Ezra Pound, initials by Gladys Hynes (London: J. Rodker, 1928).
8 Richard Aldington conveyed McGreevy's suggestion that SB prepare a mono graph on Proust for The Dolphin Books series to his friend and publisher Charles Prentice' (c. 1892-1949) ofChatto and Windus; Prentice agreed that SB should submit his manuscript for consideration (Prentice to Richard Aldington, 20 June 1930, ICSo, Aldington 68/5/11). Although McGreevy intimated to SB that there was some urgency, the work was not a commission; perhaps, rather, it was incumbent on SB to complete some work of scholarship in lieu of a doctoral thesis before returning to teach at Trinity College Dublin in the autumn.
9 Alan Duncan (a pensioned veteran ofWorld War I), Belinda Duncan (who was from Rathmines, Co. Dublin), Alfred Peron, Georges Pelorson. George Bernard Shaw's texts were published in a Collected Edition (London: Constable, 1930). "Camelot" (hawker).
10 French symbolist poet Louis le Cardonnel (1862-1936) became a priest in 1896 and is primarily known for religious poetry. "The Fat Chestertonian" may refer to le Cardonnel.
Andre Therive (ne Roger Puthoste [other pseuds: Candidus d'lsaurie, Romain Mctier, Zadoc Monteil), 1891-1967) was a conservative and influential critic for the French
29
Thursday[? 17July1930}, McGreevy
newspaper Le Temps (1861-1942); he wrote on the crisis ofthe postwar novel, criticiz ing the tendency toward aestheticism, hermeticism, and snobbery (Benoit Le Roux, Andre Therive et ses amis en 14-18 [Saint-Brieuc: B. Le Roux, 1987] 18).
11 LeBarondeCharlusisamajorcharacterinProust'sAlarecherchedutempsperdu. The opera of Wilhelm Richard Wagner (1813-1883), Tristan und Isolde (1865; Tristan and Isolde), and L'Oiseau de Feu (1910; The Firebird) by Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971).
"II n'y a que cela" (There is nothing else).
12 Rudmose-BrownhadpublishedacriticaleditionofRacine'sAndromaque(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1917), but he did not publish a book-length critical study ofJean Racine (1639-1699). Racine's tragedy Esther (1689).
"Chevilles" (padding, superfluous words).
13 PeggySinclair,hermotherCissie,andheryoungestsister,Deirdre(b. 1920,m. Hamilton), were with the "Boche Hausfreund. " "Boche" (French soldiers' epithet for a German), "Hausfreund" (Ger. , friend of the family).
14 SBmayhavesentBossSinclairacopyofhisfirstbookpublication,Whoroscope,or his poem "Casket ofPralinen for a Daughter ofa Dissipated Mandarin"; the latter has many allusions to SB's experiences in Kassel. (See discussion by Harvey, Samuel Beckett, 273-274, 277-296. )
15 In May 1930 SB had informed Lucia Joyce that he was not romantically inter· ested in her (Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 111). SB's uneasiness with Lucia Joyce is evident in Georges Pelorson's account ofan awkward lunch he attended with SB and Lucia (Georges Belmont, Souvenirs d'outre-monde: Histoire d'une naissance [Paris: Calmann· Levy, 2001] 170-173). In July, Lucia Joyce was with her family in Wales at the Grand Hotel, Llandudno, until they returned to England on 28 July 1930 (letter from Joyce to Valery Larbaud in James Joyce, Letters of]ames Joyce, III, ed. Richard Ellmann [New York: Viking Press, 1966] 201).
16 Irish painter and writer Jack Butler Yeats• (1871-1957) wrote to McGreevy in Paris on 14 July 1930, enclosing reviews of his London exhibition (TCD, MS 10381/111).
17 Mario and Angelo were waiters at the Cochon de Lait, 7 Rue Corneille, Paris 6 (interview with SB, November 1989); McGreevy was tutoring Mario.
18 "AlfyditqueJesJaponaisaimentbeaucoupaenculerdescanardsagonisants,a cause du duvet, parait-il. " (Alfy says the Japanese love to bugger dying ducks, on account ofthe down, it appears. )
19 AugustinGaudin(1905-1987)enteredtheEcoleNormaleSuperieurein1926to study English, but spent 1926-1927 and 1928-1929 at King's College, London. Gaudin completed the Dipl6me d'etudes superieures in June 1929, and was in residence at the ENS in 1929-1930, taking the agregation examination in 1930. "Gaudin is colle" (Gaudin has failed). "Reclame pour moi! " (Publicity for me! ) refers to SB's role in tutoring Gaudin for the exam. In 1932 Gaudin married Elsie Shillito (n. d. ), who graduated from King's College in 1927. After a long and successful career in France, Gaudin became Proviseur (Head) of the Lycee Fram;:ais de Landres.
30
Friday [c. 18 to 25 July 1930}, McGreevy
THOMAS McGREEVY TARBERT, CO. KERRY
Friday [c. 18 to 25 July 1930]
Ecole . . . [Paris]
My dear Tom
Your letter came this morning and this evening I saw Mario
and he gave me the 200 fr. Shall I send them to you as they are or
change them & send or keep them for your return? Alas! I cannot
avail myself of your invitation. I saw Laugier this afternoon and
1
and it seems more & more unlikely that I can finish it before
I leave. Perhaps so, when Peron & Pelorson have gone. We
(Peron) are galloping through A. L. P. It has become comic now.
2
pleasing thing has happened - but I cannot write about it. It must
keep. And when I see you it will be decided, one way or another. 3
Harry Sinclair turned in the other morning. He was very
hospitable & stood me dinner twice at the Hotel Bristol, where
I tasted the best wine - Chablis Moutonne 1926 - that I have ever
tasted, and alas also suffered the 5 acts of Louise at the Opera
4
In this particular aspect of Ruddy's case, I am not confusing
human affection with literary appreciation. I think he can write
the book on Racine that nobody else can write, - a book that you
would never like (even if the author was anonymous), but that
for me would represent at last the truth, no, not the truth, but a
5
arrangedaboutthecaffeine. TheProustspreadsmore&more,
I suppose that is the only attitude.
I wish you were here that I could talk to you. A rather di[s]
Comique. Hehasgoneawaynow. Hewasaskingforyou.
courageousappreciation(howrare). IhadaletterfromPinker
31
Friday [c. 18 to 25 July 1930], McGreevy
(who is he) expressing the usual eyewash and giving a list of his
6
I saw Alan & Belinda the other night with Pelorson. He is
applying for Assistant Curatorship of some museum in Belfast -
backed by O'Brien & God knows whom. Oh, he is all of a
do-da! And Belinda too, with the possibility of a car and back to
the land. Don't spread it, because it might have been a confi
dence, although I don't think so. 7 Angelo is gone, and Mario and
the other are all smiles and willingness. The Bowsprit comes &
talks abstractions every second day, and deniche books for me in
8
with 80 kilos weight of Burns Carlyle Scott und so weiter.
I won't forget your offer. I haven't the courage to accept it - nor the courage to flee to Italy, as I could, and let Trinity go to hell & all its works. The acceptance of this thing makes flight & escape more & more complicated, because if I chuck Dublin after a year, I am not merely chucking Dublin - definitely - but my family, and causing them pain. I suppose I may as well make
up my mind to be a vegetable. 10
A letter from Lucia . . calm. I sent the Penman Whoroscope.
I am glad you are happy at home, & can understand why. I fear there is no equivalent waiting for me in Trinity. Perhaps I may prepare something - but do something . . . no.
Apes of God is truly pitiful. If that is satire a child's petu
lance is satire. But the more I think about the gulls the more
I disagree with your 'visual mechanics. ' Better than that. Yes, the
12
day. Have you read it? I will send it to you, Ruddy can't stand him, so perhaps you will like it. It is the best novel I have read modernly after the shell-shocked triangle! 13 I am reading
32
clients - a list that I am afraid did not impress me.
thelibrary. TheScotsmanishere,thoughIhavenotseenhim,
9
11
didacticism is regrettable.
I sent Frank 'La Beaute sur la Terre' of Ramuz for his birth
Friday [c. 18 to 25 July 1930}, McGreevy
Schopenhauer. Everyone laughs at that. Beaufret & Alfy etc. But I am not reading philosophy, nor caring whether he is right or wrong or a good or worthless metaphysician. An intellectual justification of unhappiness - the greatest that has ever been attempted - is worth the examination ofone who is interested in Leopardi & Proust rather than in Carducci & Barres. 14
Let me know about the 200 & bon travail & bon sommeil & tante belle cose. 15
Sam
ALS; 4 leaves, 8 sides; TCD, MS 10402/3. Dating: the Fridays after 17 July 1930 and before Frank Beckett's birthday on 26 July are 18 July and 25 July. This letter follows SB to McGreevy [? 17 July 1930]: The Apes of God was received from Nancy Cunard; a letter was received from Rudmose-Brown seeking a publisher for a book on Racine; Robert I. Brown arrived in Paris in July and oversaw delivery of his books (see n. 9 below); Charpentier's opera Louise was performed on 10 and 22 July 1930; Alan Duncan had applied for a position in Belfast and by 8 August 1930 was among four final candidates u. c. Nolan, Director, Ulster Museum, 4 August 1993).
That SB and Peron are "galloping through A. L. P. " suggests that this letter precedes that to Soupault dated 5 July 1930 [for 5 August 1930] when two pages of translation were sent to Soupault.
3 JamesJoycewasknownasthePenman(afterhischaracterShemthePenmanin Finnegans Wake). French poet Paul Verlaine (1844-1896).
"Sinon a une petite femme" (except to a little woman).
4 Alan George Duncan• (1895-1943) lived in Paris from 1924; he and his wife Isabel Belinda Atkinson Duncan• (1893-1964) were frequently Beckett's cafe companions. Alan Duncan's "only subject" was Shaw (Brian Coffey, June 1993).
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) did have a new play, The Apple Cart (first pub lished in German as Der Kaiser von Amerika: Eine politische Komodie in drei Akten, tr. Siegfried Trebitsch [Berlin: S. Fischer Verlag, 1929], and then in English with Saint
Joan in George Bernard Shaw, The Works of Bernard Shaw: Collected Edition, XVII [London: Constable, 1930], as well as separately in December 1930 [London: Constable, 19301). In Shaw's Doctor's Delusion, Crude Criminology, and Sham Education (1931), several essays were republished that offered analyses of criminal cases (see Dan H. Laurence, Bernard Shaw: A Bibliography, I [Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983] 187-189).
5 "Amusez-vousbien"(enjoyyourself).
20
Sunday [c. 27 April to 11 May 1930}, McGreevy
THOMAS McGREEVY TARBERT, CO. KERRY
Sunday [c. 27 April to 11 May 1930] E. N. S. [Paris]
My dear Tom
I have just read your letter, and am glad you have found
1
is very little of either, except perhaps to-day, when this place is
empty and silent. I have started vaguely to work. I saw Goll.
Another slave. I am seeing Soupault to-morrow, to ask him to
take on my part of the rivers & let me begin on the base trans
somepeace&happinesswithyourMother&sisters. Herethere
lation. 2 Last night I drank with Alan, Belinda, Harry Clark [for 3
Clarke]&theM�Kennas. [•••]
Harry C. left for London this morning. The M�Ks. arrived last
4
people shits? Signed photographs, signed books, signed menus.
night laden down with Poe & Goethe for him to sign. Aren't
I suppose the Gilberts & Carduccis would feel honoured ifJoyce
signed a piece of his used toilet paper. 5 I saw J. J. on Thursday 6
night. MissWeaverwasthere. Ilikeherverymuch. AndjustLucia and M�. A pleasant evening. Sometimes I hear from Germany, but
7
tapirising & reading Keats, you'll be sorry to hear. I like that
crouching brooding quality in Keats - squatting on the moss,
crushing a petal, licking his lips & rubbing his hands, 'counting
the last oozings, hours by hours. ' I like him the best of them all,
because he doesn't beat his fists on the table. I like that awful
sweetness and thick soft damp green richness. And weariness.
'Take into the air my quiet breath. ' But there's nobody here to
8
21
now with a very decent irregularity. I have been doing a little
talk to, & it[']s so rarely one is enthusiastic, or glad ofsomething.
Sunday [c. 27 April to 11 May 1930}, McGreevy
I am afraid the Trinity - Ecole arrangement is doomed. I'm
afraid I'm going to be embarrassed again - if they offer me
anything. I only heard indirectly, Pelorson via Beaufret - so
9
do so far, and it['Js as good a way of creating [a] past as any other - & safer than most. 10
Lucia is coming to tea. God bless. Yrs ever
Sam
ALS; 1 leaf, 4 sides; TCD, MS 10402/6. Dating: Harry Clarke left Pau at the end of April 1930, stopping in Paris and London on the way to Dublin, where he arrived on 16 May (Nicola Gordon Bowe, The Life and Work of Harry Oarke [Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1989] 223). The date for their evening together may have been 26 April, 3 or 10 May, with the first two most likely. Joyce was in Zurich c. 13 May to c. 17 June.
1 McGreevy'sfatherThomasMcGreevy(1858-1930)diedon19April;McGreevyhad returned to Tarbert to be with his mother Margaret McGreevy (nee Enright, 1855-1936) and his sisters.
2 When asked to undertake a French translation of the Anna Livia Plurabelle chapter of Work in Progress, SB was assisting Joyce by translating into French references to over a thousand names of rivers woven through that section of the manuscript later published as Finnegans Wake ([New York: Viking Press, 1959] 196-216; for a listing ofthe rivers see McHugh, Annotations to Finnegans Wake, 196-216).
Ivan Goll (ne Isaac Lang, 1891-1950), born in St. -Die-des-Vosges, Lorraine, wrote poetry, drama, and novels in both French and German. On behalf of the Basel pub lisher Rhein-Verlag, Goll approached Joyce about publishing German translations of his work. As a polyglot, Goll was helpful to Joyce as he wrote Work in Progress.
French surrealist poet, writer, and critic Philippe Soupault (1897-1990).
3 AlanandBelindaDuncan.
Dublin illustrator and stained-glass artist Harry Clarke (1889-1931). These McKennas have not been identified.
4 Harry Clarke illustrated editions of Tales of Mystery and Imagination (London: G. G. Harrap, 1919) by Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) and Faust (London: G. G. Harrap, 1925) by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832).
5 StuartGilbert(1883-1969)workedontheFrenchtranslationofJoyce'sUlyssesand helped to popularize Joyce's work with his book, James Joyce's Ulysses: A Study (1930). French poet and translator Auguste Morel (n. d. ) translated Ulysses as Ulysse (1929), assisted by Gilbert; the translation was revised by French novelist, poet, critic, and translator Valery Larbaud (1881-1959). (For discussion of the process: Richard
22
keepitclose. Theyaremakingabigmistake.
Don't worry about Formes. I have had practically nothing to
14 May 1930, Putnam
Ellmann, James Joyce: New and Revised Edition [Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, paper back with corrections, 1983] 562-563, 601-602; James Joyce, Letters of]ames Joyce, I, ed. Stuart Gilbert [New York: Viking Press, 1957] 28).
The Italian composer and music critic Edgardo Carducci-Agustini (1898-? ), set Joyce's poem "Alone" to music, and for some months "read to Joyce in Italian for two hours a day" (Ellmann,JamesJoyce, 648).
6 Harriet Shaw Weaver (1876-1961) published and promoted Joyce's work in England. She was a devoted friend and benefactor of Joyce.
7 SB's German correspondent is his cousin Peggy in Kassel, with whom he had been emotionally involved (see Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 113-114).
8 "Tapirising,"from"tapir"(Frenchacademicslang,privatepupil).
SB misquotes a line from "To Autumn" by John Keats (1795-1821): "Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours"; the second quotation is from "Ode to a Nightingale" by Keats: "I have been half in love with easeful Death, / Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme, / To take into the air my quiet breath" Oohn Keats, The Poems of]ohn Keats, ed. Jack Stillinger [Cambridge, MA: Belknap-Harvard University Press, 1978] 476-477;
369-372).
9 Rudmose-BrownexpectedSBtoreturntoTrinityCollegeDublinashisassistant in the autumn of 1930. That year, TCD did not propose a candidate for the exchange program with the Ecole Normale Superieure (William Kennedy, Trinity College Registrar, to Ernest Vessiot, Ecole Normale Superieure [31 May 1930], AN, 61AJ/202). IntheplaceofsomeonefromTCD,RobertI. Brown(1907-1996)fromtheUniversityof Glasgow was accepted asLecteur d'anglais by the ENS. In a further complication, Georges Pelorson petitioned to remain at TCD for 1930-1931 rather than accept an assignment at the University of Glasgow (Pelorson to the Directeur, Ecole Normale Superieure [21 June 1930], AN, 61 AJ 202).
Jean Beaufret" (known as Bowsprit, 1907-1982) was a Philosophy student and had been McGreevy's roommate at the ENS; "Bowsprit," based on the French, "beaupre" (bowsprit) (Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 150-151).
10 SBcontinuedtostandinforMcGreevyatFonnes,sothatMcGreevycouldretain his position while he was away from Paris (see 1 March 1930, n. 1).
SAMUEL PUTNAM PARIS
14/5/30 Ecole Normale
Rue d'Ulm 45 [Paris]
Dear Mr Putnam
This was nearly finished when your pneu came, so I went on
1
withit. Itisfarandawaythebestofabadlot. Therearesomegood
23
14 May 1930, Putnam
things in the Favola Gattesca - do you remember it? It is roughly four times as long as Paesaggio. Do you wish me to translate it - or would you prefer something shorter in the way of a pendant to this rather watery pastoral humility: Crepuscolo Mitologico, for example. 2 I will not start anything until I hear from you.
Very sincerely yours s/ S. B. Beckett
TLS; 1 leaf. 1 side; enclosure not with letter; NjP, New Review Correspondence of Samuel Putnam, COl11/1/9.
1 As Associate Editor of This Quarter, Samuel Putnam• (1892-1950) compiled the "Miniature Anthology of Contemporary Italian Literature" for This Quarter, 2. 4 (April-May-June, 1930). It includedSB's translations: "Paesaggio" by the Italian writer
Raffaello Franchi (1899-1949) translated by SB as "Landscape"; "Delta" by Eugenio Montale (1896-1981); and "TheHome-Coming" byGiovanni Comisso (1895-1969) (672, 630, 675-683).
The European Caravan: An Anthology of the New Spirit in European Literature• had been planned as a two-volume anthology; an Italian section was to appear in the second volume, but this was not published (ed. Samuel Putnam, Maida Castelhun Damton,
George Reavey, and J[acob]Bronowski [New York:Brewer, Warren, and Putnam, 19311).
2 Franchi's Favola Gattesca was published in Piazza natia (Turin: Fratelli Buratti Editori, 1929) 97-106. "Crepuscolo mitologico" (120-122) is the third section of Diorama (107-124) in Piazza natia.
THOMAS M cGREEVY TARBER T, CO. KERRY
Thursday[? 17 July 1930]
Ecole Normale [Paris]
My dear Tom
Glad to get your letter & know that things had gone well in
1
London. You do not say anything about the Connoisseur people. Did you see them? Here nothing more interesting than the usual drink & futility. Alfy is here, and we saw Soupault together. We are working on the bloody thing together in a vague ineffectual
24
Thursday{? 17 July 1930}, McGreevy
kind of way. 2 Alfy has gone to repose himself at Boulogne sur
Merde (or sur Seine, as you like) and then of course he must lie
with his subtle Russian sweet. Indeed, I have seen very little ofhim.
He is changed or I have or both. I guess at the old Alfy. The first
evening he burst out in a fury about Ethna, and the 'salaud qui m'a
fait rater ma vie'. Since then nothing, mockery & decompositions
and dreadfully perfect. Shining agates of negation. How energetic
they always are, these self-avowed cynics and desabuses, bristling
with passionate estimates and beating their breasts in a jemenfou
tiste & jusquauboutiste frenzy. 3 He will be here till the end of the
month and then in Auvergne. How can we do any thing in that
time, meeting tired in the evening and gal[l]oping through a page?
I know there is nothing to be done and that nothing of any value
4
The 14th was all right, because I was drunker than either
Nancy or Henry. There were other people there, God knows who,
5
also what I said & did, but I think it was all right. I was so tired at
the end that I could hardly climb into a taxi. They liked the Rahab
tomfoolery, God help them. Henry said several times that it was
'vey vey bootiful & vey vey fine in-deed. ' He was very nice &
behaved very well, and played the piano at the Cigogne, where I
6
'By the Embankment I counted the grey gulls Nailed to the wind above a distorted tide. '7
No . . ? And then a lot of padding I am afraid. I don't know. Perhaps it's very good.
25
will be done, but one goes on, driven by a wind, like the accidiosi.
buttheywentoffearlyforalittlecoucherieIsuppose. Godknows
describedarabesquesofanoriginalpattem. IheardfromNancy from London. She has given me her Parallax that I asked her for, & lent me The Apes of God & some Pound Cantos. I read Parallax. I don't know what to say about it. There are some fine things:
Thursday[? 17 July 1930}, McGreevy
8
I had a terrible l1⁄2 h(our] with Alan & B. in the usual kip.
I was sitting there with Alfy (whom they know) & Pelorson, and
of course they had to be invited to our table. Then the noble
captain & traducer turned on his salivary glands and his supply
of Shaw texts, and was a camelot on the strength of the 141h's
bunting. He went on & on & Alfy heaped fuel on the flame by
disagreeing. Pelorson collapsed spontaneously on the banquette
and I observed a terrible silence that will never be forgiven
9
Fortunately Louis le Cardonnel was there & the exquisite
Therive. Pelorson was delighted. Therive left without paying
for his beer, and the fat Chestertonian individual refused angrily
to pay for him. 10 Pelorson was in an extraordinary state of
excitement & hilarity. Really he is charming - specially alone.
Ican'tstarttheProust. Cursethishurryanyhow. Didthey mention it in London? I know what will happen: that the German trip will be sacrificed to no purpose, and that I will creep away at the last moment without having done any thing - Joyce or Proust. At least I have finished reading the bastard.
by Rathmines. It is more impossible every time I see them.
Yesterday we were up all night. At last we bought a bottle of
champagne a la Charlus, and brought it up here with his gram
ophone & played Tristan & Isolde & the Oiseau de Feu. Poor
11
A long cheerless letter but very friendly from Ruddy. He
can't find a publisher for a book he wants to write on Racine.
Could anything be done with Chatto & Windus? I bought the
Larousse edition & tried to read Esther. What is wrong with me?
12
Pelorson! What an unhappy person. II n'y a que cela he said.
I find chevilles everywhere, and I never did before in Racine.
I had a nice friendly card from Peggy from the North Sea, where she is with the Boche Hausfreund & Cissie & the youngest
girl. 13 I was very glad. I sent the pome to the Boss. 14 26
Thursday[? 17July1930}, McGreevy
A letter from Lucia too. I don't know what to do. She is
unhappy she says. Now that you are gone there is no one to
talk to about that. I dare not go to Wales, and I promised I would
15
if they were there on my way through.
There is no solution. What terrible instinct prompts them to have the genius of beauty at the right - or the wrong - moment!
But it is impossible. To-morrow I will get your book & send it along.
I forwarded to
I have not seen Mario but will to-morrow evening. We are bring[ing] the Bowsprit
Tarbert a bulky letter from Jack Yeats I think.
16
out for a spree.
Yes, I was in time for Angelo. He was to have come this
afternoon & I hurried back to find a note saying he had to go
17
about his papers to the consulat.
The light has collapsed again & they won't come & mend.
The room is full of candles. Love
Sam
Alfy dit que les Japonais aiment beaucoup a enculer des
canards agonisants, a cause du duvet, parait-il. 18
Gaudin is colle, poor creature, & he wanted to get married.
Reclame pour moi! 19
ALS; 5 leaves; 10 sides; PS upper right margin, side 1; TCD. MS 10402/2. Dating: SB's reference to the strength of the 14th's bunting indicates Bastille Day. A letter fromJack B. Yeats to McGreevy in Paris on 14July 1930 ("I expect Paris in the summer is rather stuffy," enclosing reviews of Yeats's show in London [TCD, MS 10381/111]) was for warded by SB to Tarbert, Ireland. In July 1930, the Joyces were in Wales, but they returned to England on 28 July (see [before 5 August 1930], n. 3). The Apes of God had been published by June 1930. Nancy Cunard was in London from 15 July through at least 21 July 1930, when she attended a dinner party in honor of George Moore. Hence the date of this letter is probably Thursday 17July 1930.
1 OnhiswayfromParistohisfamilyhomeinTarbert,McGreevypassedthrough London. From November 1925 to February 1927, McGreevy had been Assistant Editor of The Connoisseur, a Journal of the Arts (1901-1992), London.
SB canceled "Criterion" and inserted above it "Connoisseur. "
27
Thursday{? 17 July 1930}, McGreevy
2 Alfred Remy Peron• (1904-1945) entered the Ecole Normale Superieure in 1924 and was agrege d'anglais by 1929; he first met SB when he was Lecteur in French at Trinity College Dublin (1926-1928), and they were together at the ENS in 1929. Peron was working with SB on the French translation of the "Anna Livia Plurabelle" chapter of Joyce's Work in Progress, which had been first published separately in English Uames Joyce, Anna Livia Plurabelle ! New York: Crosby Gaige, 19281). Philippe Soupault was directing the translation originally intended for publication in the Paris journal Bifer (May 1929 - June 1931), edited by Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes (1887-1974).
3 MarieLezine(knownasMania,1900-1988);shemarriedPeronin1930.
Ethna Mary Maccarthy" (1903-1959). SB's contemporary in Modem Languages at Trinity College Dublin, figures as a beloved in SB's poem, "Alba," and in Dream ofFair to Middling Women. "'Salaud qui m'a fait rater ma vie'" (bastard who ruined my life).
"Desabuses" (disillusioned ones); "jemenfoutiste" (don't-give-a-damnish); "jusquau boutiste" (no-half-measures-ish).
4 SB alludes to the "accidiosi" (slothful) in Dante's Divine Comedy, but seems to confuse them with the "lussuriosi" (lustful). Those souls "driven by the wind" in the Comedy are the Lustful in Inferno Canto V, and more briefly the Incontinent in Inferno Canto XI (line 71). The "accidiosi" appear in Canto VII ofinferno, but as they are under slime, no wind can reach them: "'Tristi fummo / ne l'aere dolce che dal sol s'allegra, / portando dentro accidioso fummo: / or ci attristiam ne la belletta negra"' ("'We were sullen in the sweet air that is gladdened by the sun, bearing in our hearts a sluggish smoke; now we are sullen in the black-mire'") (Dante, La Divina Commedia, Inferno Canto VII, lines 121-124; Dante, The Divine Comedy, I, Inferno).
5 BastilleDay,theFrenchnationalholidaycelebratedon14July.
SB wrote Whoroscope on 15June and submitted it that night to the competition of the Hours Press for the best poem on time. With Richard Aldington, Nancy Cunard' (1896-1965), English writer. journalist and publisher of the Hours Press (1928-1934), had selected SB's Whoroscope (Paris: Hours Press, 1930) as the winner. To Louise Morgan (1883-1964) Cunard wrote a letter dated only with the time, "3 a. m. " (in AH
June 1930):
We found a poem, a beauty, by a poet - so much so that it must be printed by itself. Irishman of 23, Ecole Normale here, that's all I know, but am seeing him tomorrow. Richard says many of the allusions are to Descartes! . ] I shouldn't have known. Much in it none of us will ever know, and the whole thing so good it proves again the rest doesn't matter.
Will you announce please that the Hours Press prize for best Time poem is awarded to Samuel Beckett. Poem called "The Eighth Day"[. . . ] (CtY, GEN MSS 80, series V, 36/861)
The exact date of publication is uncertain, probably between 1 and 8July 1930. In a card to Morgan dated Mon. [30 June 1930], Cunard wrote "Beckett is� good (not a Honey! ) Doing his poem tomorrow - will send - do insert note of Prize winning. " Louise Morgan was an Editor of Everyman; an announcement of the award included notice that the poem would be published "almost immediately in an edition consisting of100 signed and 300 unsigned copies at 5s. and ls. respectively" ("Books and Authors, Everyman 75 [3July 1930] 728). Writing on Saturday [6July 1930], Cunard indicates:
28
Thursday[? 17July1930}, McGreery
"Will be sending you Beckett's Poem Tues" (CtY, GEN MSS 80, series V, 36/361). See also Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 116-118, and Nancy Cunard, These Were the Hours: Memories ofMy Hours Press, Reanville and Paris, 1928-1931 [Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press; London: Feffer and Simons, 1969] 109-111).
Nancy Cunard's companion and assistant at Hours Press was the American jazz pianist Henry Crowder" (1895-1954).
"Coucherie" (fun between the sheets).
6 SB wrote "From the Only Poet to a Shining Whore: for Henry Crowder to Sing" (Henry Crowder, Henry-Music [Paris: Hours Press, 1930] [6, 12-141). The opening phrase ofSB's poem is "Rahab ofthe holy battlements," an allusion to Rahab, the harlot of Jericho Uoshua 2; see Harvey, Samuel Beckett, 305). Henry Crowder played the piano at Les Cigognes, 187 Rue de la Croix-Nivert, Paris 15. In his memoir, Crowder writes of SB: "Nancy became very interested in this man and he did have a very charming person ality" (Henry Crowder and Hugo Speck, As Wonderful as All That? : Henry Crowder's Memoir ofHis Affair with Nancy Cunard 1928-1935, ed. Robert L. Allen [Navarro, CA: Wild Trees Press, 1987] 76).
7 NancyCunardwasinLondonfrom15Julythroughatleast21July1930(Nancy Cunard to Louise Morgan, Saturday [6 July 1930], CtY, GEN MSS 80, series V, 36/861; Evelyn Waugh, The Diaries ofEvelyn Waugh, ed. Michael Davie [London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976] 323).
Nancy Cunard's letter to SB from London has not been found. Nancy Cunard, Parallax (London: Hogarth Press, 1925) 11.
The Apes ofGod (1930) by Wyndham Lewis (ne Percy Wyndham Lewis, 1882-1957) was published in June.
The Cantos ofEzra Loomis Pound (1885-1972) were then an ongoing literary work of which two sections had been published in limited editions: A Draft ofXVI Cantos ofEzra Pound: For the Beginning of a Poem of Some Length, initials by Henry Strater (Paris: Three Mountains Press, 1925), and A Draft ofthe Cantos 17-27 of Ezra Pound, initials by Gladys Hynes (London: J. Rodker, 1928).
8 Richard Aldington conveyed McGreevy's suggestion that SB prepare a mono graph on Proust for The Dolphin Books series to his friend and publisher Charles Prentice' (c. 1892-1949) ofChatto and Windus; Prentice agreed that SB should submit his manuscript for consideration (Prentice to Richard Aldington, 20 June 1930, ICSo, Aldington 68/5/11). Although McGreevy intimated to SB that there was some urgency, the work was not a commission; perhaps, rather, it was incumbent on SB to complete some work of scholarship in lieu of a doctoral thesis before returning to teach at Trinity College Dublin in the autumn.
9 Alan Duncan (a pensioned veteran ofWorld War I), Belinda Duncan (who was from Rathmines, Co. Dublin), Alfred Peron, Georges Pelorson. George Bernard Shaw's texts were published in a Collected Edition (London: Constable, 1930). "Camelot" (hawker).
10 French symbolist poet Louis le Cardonnel (1862-1936) became a priest in 1896 and is primarily known for religious poetry. "The Fat Chestertonian" may refer to le Cardonnel.
Andre Therive (ne Roger Puthoste [other pseuds: Candidus d'lsaurie, Romain Mctier, Zadoc Monteil), 1891-1967) was a conservative and influential critic for the French
29
Thursday[? 17July1930}, McGreevy
newspaper Le Temps (1861-1942); he wrote on the crisis ofthe postwar novel, criticiz ing the tendency toward aestheticism, hermeticism, and snobbery (Benoit Le Roux, Andre Therive et ses amis en 14-18 [Saint-Brieuc: B. Le Roux, 1987] 18).
11 LeBarondeCharlusisamajorcharacterinProust'sAlarecherchedutempsperdu. The opera of Wilhelm Richard Wagner (1813-1883), Tristan und Isolde (1865; Tristan and Isolde), and L'Oiseau de Feu (1910; The Firebird) by Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971).
"II n'y a que cela" (There is nothing else).
12 Rudmose-BrownhadpublishedacriticaleditionofRacine'sAndromaque(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1917), but he did not publish a book-length critical study ofJean Racine (1639-1699). Racine's tragedy Esther (1689).
"Chevilles" (padding, superfluous words).
13 PeggySinclair,hermotherCissie,andheryoungestsister,Deirdre(b. 1920,m. Hamilton), were with the "Boche Hausfreund. " "Boche" (French soldiers' epithet for a German), "Hausfreund" (Ger. , friend of the family).
14 SBmayhavesentBossSinclairacopyofhisfirstbookpublication,Whoroscope,or his poem "Casket ofPralinen for a Daughter ofa Dissipated Mandarin"; the latter has many allusions to SB's experiences in Kassel. (See discussion by Harvey, Samuel Beckett, 273-274, 277-296. )
15 In May 1930 SB had informed Lucia Joyce that he was not romantically inter· ested in her (Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 111). SB's uneasiness with Lucia Joyce is evident in Georges Pelorson's account ofan awkward lunch he attended with SB and Lucia (Georges Belmont, Souvenirs d'outre-monde: Histoire d'une naissance [Paris: Calmann· Levy, 2001] 170-173). In July, Lucia Joyce was with her family in Wales at the Grand Hotel, Llandudno, until they returned to England on 28 July 1930 (letter from Joyce to Valery Larbaud in James Joyce, Letters of]ames Joyce, III, ed. Richard Ellmann [New York: Viking Press, 1966] 201).
16 Irish painter and writer Jack Butler Yeats• (1871-1957) wrote to McGreevy in Paris on 14 July 1930, enclosing reviews of his London exhibition (TCD, MS 10381/111).
17 Mario and Angelo were waiters at the Cochon de Lait, 7 Rue Corneille, Paris 6 (interview with SB, November 1989); McGreevy was tutoring Mario.
18 "AlfyditqueJesJaponaisaimentbeaucoupaenculerdescanardsagonisants,a cause du duvet, parait-il. " (Alfy says the Japanese love to bugger dying ducks, on account ofthe down, it appears. )
19 AugustinGaudin(1905-1987)enteredtheEcoleNormaleSuperieurein1926to study English, but spent 1926-1927 and 1928-1929 at King's College, London. Gaudin completed the Dipl6me d'etudes superieures in June 1929, and was in residence at the ENS in 1929-1930, taking the agregation examination in 1930. "Gaudin is colle" (Gaudin has failed). "Reclame pour moi! " (Publicity for me! ) refers to SB's role in tutoring Gaudin for the exam. In 1932 Gaudin married Elsie Shillito (n. d. ), who graduated from King's College in 1927. After a long and successful career in France, Gaudin became Proviseur (Head) of the Lycee Fram;:ais de Landres.
30
Friday [c. 18 to 25 July 1930}, McGreevy
THOMAS McGREEVY TARBERT, CO. KERRY
Friday [c. 18 to 25 July 1930]
Ecole . . . [Paris]
My dear Tom
Your letter came this morning and this evening I saw Mario
and he gave me the 200 fr. Shall I send them to you as they are or
change them & send or keep them for your return? Alas! I cannot
avail myself of your invitation. I saw Laugier this afternoon and
1
and it seems more & more unlikely that I can finish it before
I leave. Perhaps so, when Peron & Pelorson have gone. We
(Peron) are galloping through A. L. P. It has become comic now.
2
pleasing thing has happened - but I cannot write about it. It must
keep. And when I see you it will be decided, one way or another. 3
Harry Sinclair turned in the other morning. He was very
hospitable & stood me dinner twice at the Hotel Bristol, where
I tasted the best wine - Chablis Moutonne 1926 - that I have ever
tasted, and alas also suffered the 5 acts of Louise at the Opera
4
In this particular aspect of Ruddy's case, I am not confusing
human affection with literary appreciation. I think he can write
the book on Racine that nobody else can write, - a book that you
would never like (even if the author was anonymous), but that
for me would represent at last the truth, no, not the truth, but a
5
arrangedaboutthecaffeine. TheProustspreadsmore&more,
I suppose that is the only attitude.
I wish you were here that I could talk to you. A rather di[s]
Comique. Hehasgoneawaynow. Hewasaskingforyou.
courageousappreciation(howrare). IhadaletterfromPinker
31
Friday [c. 18 to 25 July 1930], McGreevy
(who is he) expressing the usual eyewash and giving a list of his
6
I saw Alan & Belinda the other night with Pelorson. He is
applying for Assistant Curatorship of some museum in Belfast -
backed by O'Brien & God knows whom. Oh, he is all of a
do-da! And Belinda too, with the possibility of a car and back to
the land. Don't spread it, because it might have been a confi
dence, although I don't think so. 7 Angelo is gone, and Mario and
the other are all smiles and willingness. The Bowsprit comes &
talks abstractions every second day, and deniche books for me in
8
with 80 kilos weight of Burns Carlyle Scott und so weiter.
I won't forget your offer. I haven't the courage to accept it - nor the courage to flee to Italy, as I could, and let Trinity go to hell & all its works. The acceptance of this thing makes flight & escape more & more complicated, because if I chuck Dublin after a year, I am not merely chucking Dublin - definitely - but my family, and causing them pain. I suppose I may as well make
up my mind to be a vegetable. 10
A letter from Lucia . . calm. I sent the Penman Whoroscope.
I am glad you are happy at home, & can understand why. I fear there is no equivalent waiting for me in Trinity. Perhaps I may prepare something - but do something . . . no.
Apes of God is truly pitiful. If that is satire a child's petu
lance is satire. But the more I think about the gulls the more
I disagree with your 'visual mechanics. ' Better than that. Yes, the
12
day. Have you read it? I will send it to you, Ruddy can't stand him, so perhaps you will like it. It is the best novel I have read modernly after the shell-shocked triangle! 13 I am reading
32
clients - a list that I am afraid did not impress me.
thelibrary. TheScotsmanishere,thoughIhavenotseenhim,
9
11
didacticism is regrettable.
I sent Frank 'La Beaute sur la Terre' of Ramuz for his birth
Friday [c. 18 to 25 July 1930}, McGreevy
Schopenhauer. Everyone laughs at that. Beaufret & Alfy etc. But I am not reading philosophy, nor caring whether he is right or wrong or a good or worthless metaphysician. An intellectual justification of unhappiness - the greatest that has ever been attempted - is worth the examination ofone who is interested in Leopardi & Proust rather than in Carducci & Barres. 14
Let me know about the 200 & bon travail & bon sommeil & tante belle cose. 15
Sam
ALS; 4 leaves, 8 sides; TCD, MS 10402/3. Dating: the Fridays after 17 July 1930 and before Frank Beckett's birthday on 26 July are 18 July and 25 July. This letter follows SB to McGreevy [? 17 July 1930]: The Apes of God was received from Nancy Cunard; a letter was received from Rudmose-Brown seeking a publisher for a book on Racine; Robert I. Brown arrived in Paris in July and oversaw delivery of his books (see n. 9 below); Charpentier's opera Louise was performed on 10 and 22 July 1930; Alan Duncan had applied for a position in Belfast and by 8 August 1930 was among four final candidates u. c. Nolan, Director, Ulster Museum, 4 August 1993).
That SB and Peron are "galloping through A. L. P. " suggests that this letter precedes that to Soupault dated 5 July 1930 [for 5 August 1930] when two pages of translation were sent to Soupault.
