No More Learning

Eirenicon,' 'English
Alan Sullivan ; 'Song,' by Ellen Glasgow ; * Mark MR. JOHN REDMOND has just com- Nonconformity and Christ's Christianity,'
Twain,' Eighth Paper, by Albert Bigelow Paine ;
Long Pants,' by James Oppenheim; A Little pleted a brief volume entitled
pleted a brief volume entitled "The and other books on religious subjects;
Song of Love and Death, by Louise Collier Home Rule Bill,' which will be published and Mr. J. C. Wilbee, familiar for forty-
Willcox ; The Great Queen Isabella,' by Mildred immediately by Messrs. Cassell. In his six years to Harrow boys as the school
Stapley - and They that Mourn,' by Juliet Preface Mr. Redmond deals with the bookseller.
MAY
on
one
6
6
.
or
an


## p. 597 (#449) ############################################

No. 4413, May 25, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
597
roviow. )
the same time practical experience in
SCIENCE
human affairs will often lead straight to NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.
right conclusions which it takes history
and science the best part of an age to
(Notice in these columns does not preclude longor
justify by formal proofs ; and Sir Harry
Views and Reviews from the Outlook of an
Johnston has had as good a chance as Bingham (S. ), WORDS TO WIVES ON PREQ-
NANCY AND PARTURITION, 3/6 net.
Anthropologist. By Sir Harry Johnston. any man alive of comparing the African
Allen
with the European type of man as a candi-
(Williams & Norgate. )
date for the highest honours in the school
The author supplies a kind of professional
FROM this book one might almost gather of civilization. We read his dicta, there- scaffolding to help the growing structure of
that Sir Harry Johnston's definition of fore, on the subject of Anglo-German similar aids except in his useful elabora-
an anthropologist was any one who relations, actual and possible, with the tion of the whole subject of the use of anti-
writes about the human race racily. " greatest interest and profit, even though septics in midwifery. The accustomed gibe
It is excellent journalism from the first we feel that it adds nothing to his authority at the non-nursing mother is not omitted,
but silence reigns on the subject of the sour
page to the last-bright, suggestive, here that he should profess to speak as
grapes which the fathers have eaten and the
facile, and clever ; but it will hardly pass an anthropologist.
consequent effect upon their offspring.
as strict and serious science, as doubtless Again, on another topical question Sir
the author would be the first to allow. Harry Johnston would cast anthropo- Brauns (Dr. Reinhard), THE MINERAL KING-
Yet Anthropology assuredly has no quarrel logical side-lights of which the less said, DOM, translated by L. J. Spencer, Parts
with Sir Harry Johnston, even if he chooses from the standpoint of critical ethnology,
XXI. and XXII. , 2) net each.
to sport her uniform when off duty. He the better. This being premised, let us
Williams & Norgate
belongs to that too rare type, the ad- turn to enjoy the breeziness of a brace These two parts deal with rock-salt and
ministrator who thoroughly appreciates of essays made up of passages such as the certain associated minerals, boracite and
the importance of studying, his native following :
other species containing boron, and the
mineral nitrates and fluor-spar. All these are
charges scientifically—that is, disinter-
"Ancient intermixture along the eastern described in the same popular, but accurate
estedly and for their own sakes—as a
seaboard of Ireland has produced certain way that distinguished the earlier parts
first step towards their better government, types of face particularly characteristic of of the work. Economic mineralogy, which
and towards the greater glory of British the English Pale. One is a stout, rubicund, appeals to all, is never lost sight of, and hence
empire. That this type of adminis- blunt-featured person, with a thick, fleshy the parts now before us describe not only the
trator is all too rare is proved by the fact nose and long upper lip, together with a working and uses of salt, but also the indus-
that, as Sir Harry Johnston's opening great tendency in the male to bushy whiskers trial value of those remarkable deposits of
essay brilliantly establishes, the Royal
-in short (except for the nose, which is too Stassfurt, the so-called abraum-salts, which,
coarse and formless), a John Bull. Another though formerly regarded as worthless, are
Anthropological Institute has never en-
joyed a penny of State aid, and, for all very frequently seen visage in English- now of great value for their potash.
, ,
The coloured plates in this instalment are
that imperial officers or ministers or the and Kildare—is the ' weepy' type, so called as good as any of their predecessors, the
leading lights of the Civil Service appear from the watery blue eye, which always figures of the polychromatic species, fluorite,
to know about it, might almost be seems tinged with emotion, and is often naturally forming an exceptionally handsome
non-existent. Yet to encourage anthro- red-rimmed as though with tear-shodding. picture. . In seeking, however, to reproduce
the brilliant lustre on the cleavage-faces of
pology is an excellent way of interesting green eyes and light eyelashes goes a large mica the printer seems to have used a
the reading public—and that is nowadays Wellingtonian nose, with a prominent red silver-like powder, which gives the mica the
a very large public, almost as large as the bump marking the end of the nasal bone. false appearance of a metallic mineral.
electorate, though it may not exactly The lips are loose and slightly pendulous.
coincide with it-in the Empire as some- The firm chin becomes in old age somewhat Bury (Judson S. ), DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS
thing that in virtue of its human interest, pouchy. The hands have prominent blue SYSTEM, 10/
rather than its mere size or wealth, can
veins and long, bony, large-jointed fingers.
Manchester University Press
appeal to the imagination. The German The personal habit of the body tends to
Dr. Bury has in this book adopted, as far
Government, as
as Sir Harry Johnston fleshiness of the John Bull type), and in the
thinness (as contrasted with the coarse
as was practicable, a clinical classification of
points out, is more far-sighted. It spends mental outlook these excellent
nervous diseases. He has tested this method
weepy
freely on anthropological research and on persons incline to sentimentality, especially Royal Infirmary. The student in this way
in his capacity of teacher at the Manchester
ethnological museums in order to educate if they are women. Of such are the martyrs obtains a grasp of the principles of anato-
the German people in regard to the highly in many of Ireland's causes. "
mical diagnosis which are of vital importance
diversified life and culture of the regions Sir Harry Johnston ends his book with in the recognition of diseases of the nervous
open to their sway. So it will come about
that they will perceive a potential garden rare animals, and tries to bring it into line syphilis of the nervous system supplies the
an admirable essay on the preservation of system. The whole is clearly and interest-
The section dealing with
where we can see nothing but a potato- with what has gone before by remarking most recent information on this subject,
patch in the making.
that every anthropologist will be with him and will be read with interest by specialists
From these remarks it must not be in wishing to see a certain " law” given and general practitioners alike. The excel-
deduced that Sir Harry Johnston is one to the rarer species. Undoubtedly this lent diagrams form an important addition to
of those who would egg on Briton against appeal to the anthropologist will
not be the text.
German in a pitiless struggle for domina- in vain. It is better that the Tasmanian
tion over a world conceived as too small or Fuegian should be put on a par with Davenport (C. B. ), HEREDITY IN RELATION TO
EUGENICS.
Williams & Norgate
to contain them both. On the contrary, the Okapi than that he should be ruth-
he is all for persuading the leading repre- lessly hustled out of existence in the America. It goes further than the present
A book founded on data collected in
sentatives of the “Nordic race in Europe interest of that civilization of ours which knowledge of the science warrants.
to combine peacefully in the realization in all its aspects is so remarkably “high.
common ideal. Such sentiments | At the same time, we suspect this “ argu- | Grünbaum (Albert S. ), THE ESSENTIALS OF
do him credit. It can hardly be said, mentum ad misericordiam," because it MORBID HISTOLOGY,
Longmans
however, that the question of the relative cuts two ways at once. Some of us are This is an excellent little book which
capacities of the various so-called races perhaps not so robust as Sir Harry John- / follows the lines of Prof. Schäfer's ‘ Essentials
of Europe and of the rest of the globe is ston in our belief in the innate superiority of Histology. ' It is intended for students,
in our present state of knowledge deter- of the Caucasian (whoever he may exactly and they will find invaluable help in the
minable by scientific methods ; and Sir be), and in any case he himself would drawings of Miss A. Kelley. We have
Harry Johnston at all events makes no hardly class the savage as more of an rarely seen such good coloured illustra-
pretension to base his argument either animal than a being with most of the diseases of the blood treated so thoroughly
on received scientific opinion or on fresh rights, because most of the potentialities, in illustrations. It is a book which all
considerations adequately established. At of a true man.
students should possess.
6
2
of a
66
>>


## p. 598 (#450) ############################################

598
No. 4413, May 25, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
Guenther (Dr. Konrad), EINFÜHRUNG IN DIE
of Chalk to be a perfect example of
SOCIETIES.
TROPENWELT: ERLEBNISSE, BEOBACH-
scientific accuracy blended with absolute
TUNGEN UND BETRACHTUNGEN EINES
simplicity and clearness. Prof. Leighton ROYAL. —May 16. -Sir Archibald Geikie, Presi-
NATURFORSCHERS AUF CEYLON, 4m. 80. writes of Huxley very well. The biography dent, in the chair. —Mr. W. B. Hardy read a
is good, the relation to Darwin is well
paper on 'The General Theory of Colloidal Solu-
Leipsic, Engelmann.
tions. The physical properties of colloidal
These experiences of a naturalist in Ceylon defined,
and a just preference for Huxley': solutions prove them to be heterogeneous fluids.
make a book at once instructive and amusing:
If the colloid particles are regarded as a stage in
science over his philosophic and controversial
works does not prevent an appreciation of the appearance of a second fluid phase, the
Dr. Guenther describes the fauna, flora, and
goneral scenery of the island-adding a
their importance for contemporary thought.
variations of the energy of the particles with the
There is a short bibliography.
radius are of predominant importance. If we
chapter or two on the people and the history
could assume, for instance, that the tension of
in an easy, unpretentious way, which may People's_ Books : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY,
the interface varied with the radius as the tension
disguise from a careless reader both the by Prof. E. C. C. Baly, bd. net. Jack
of a free film of fluid was found to vary with the
thickness of the film by Renold and Rücker,
amount of information that he imparts and In the place of the conventional centri- globules of certain dimensions would alone bé
the thorough work which
went to acquiring fugal study of the commoner elements with stable. It was pointed
out, however, that at present
this. It is not that anything actually the object of discovering general laws, there is no adequate basis in experiment or theory
unknown before can be said to have been Prof. Baly begins with a statement of the selves a colloidal form of matter, as the property
discovered by him, but that an unusual atomic theory, and proceeds by outlining of Alms or minute spheres of matter in general.
vivacity and freshness of treatment, and a principles rather than by presenting groups
The same author also read papers on The
happy knack of sketching incidents and of facts. The author is to be congratulated Lension of Composite Fluid Surfaces and the
movements, carry the reader on till he comes upon his skilful and lucid exposition of the
Mechanical Stability of Films of Fluid' and ' On
the Formation of a Heat-reversible Gel. ' In the
to share the author's eager sense of a new important laws of chemistry.
course of his study of the cyclo-pentanes Dr.
world opening before him. There
Ruhemann has synthesized a substance which
passages depicting wild life which, in their Taplin A. Betts), HYPNOTISM, 1/
Simpkin & Marshall forms gels with apparently any solvent (alcohol,
vividness and sympathy, remind us of This small book on hypnotism may be of aldehyde, glacial acetic acid, &c. ). A remarkable
ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon bisulphide,
Mr. Hudson's 'La Plata. English readers
use to those who believe in its efficacy. feature is that gelation occurs as readily in asso-
may feel gratified by Dr. Guenther's general Charcot, who was one of the greatest ciating as in non-associating solvents. The gels
approval of English doings in Ceylon, and authorities on nervous diseases, tried the have a peculiar structure owing to the fact that
by his friendliness, which they will certainly effect of hypnotic suggestion for many years gelation starts from nuclei and only gradually
come to reciprocate. We could have spared in Paris. He ultimately discontinued its
some of the minute details, so lavishly given, use, because he found that the results were
Messrs. H. E. Armstrong, E. F. Armstrong, and
E. Horton read papers on
Studies on Enzyme
concerning getting up and going to bed and
very uncertain, and that in some instances Action : XVI. The Enzymes of Emulsin (II. ):
changing clothes, and we found the illustra- it was possible to do more harm than good.
Prunase, the Correlate of Prunasin,' and ŠVII.
tions, though numerous, too small to be
Enzymes of the Emulsin Type (II. ): The Dis-
satisfactory.
tribution of ß-Enzymes in Plants. '
Messrs. H. E. Armstrong and J. Vargas Eyre
King (Willford I. ), THE ELEMENTS OF
JOHN GRAY.
read a paper, “Studies on Enzyme Action :
STATISTICAL METHOD, 6/6 net.
XVIII. Enzymes of the Emulsin Type (III. ):
Macmillan
Linase and Other Enzymes in Linaceæ.
THE too-early death of Mr. John Gray is Mr. Alexander Forbes read a paper on 'Reflex
This general statement of statistical a great loss to anthropology, and especially Rhythm induced by Concurrent Excitation and
method has a special interest, as America to the Royal Anthropological Institute, Inhibition. Sherrington has published myograph
has hitherto contributed little of importance which he joined in 1894, and of which he records, taken from the extensor muscle of the
to the literature of the subject. Although became the active, energetic, and successful oscillations when excitatory and inhibitory reflex
the work is generally clear, making no Treasurer in 1903. He had joined the influences are pitted against each other. Similar
attempt to probe the lower depths of the British Association in 1892, and made in and more striking oscillations have been recorded
science, yet it suffers from that character- the Mathematical Section a contribution to
under similar experimental conditions. They
istic American thoroughness which is so the theory of the perfect influence machine.
occur most markedly when excitatory and inhi-
often hardly distinguishable from over- In 1894 he read a paper on the distribution but they also occur when a single ipsilateral
bitory reflex stimuli are simultaneously employed,
elaboration. The “members of the edu- of the Picts in Britain, as indicated by place. stimulus is so adjusted that its excitatory and
cated public ” who desire to know something names, and in 1895 an account of the inhibitory contents are nearly balanced. These
of the processes employed by statisticians, ethnographical researches undertaken at
oscillations are compared with the more regular
the class of reader
for whom the work is his suggestion by the Buchan Field
Club in rhythmic activities described by Graham Brown,
intended—will find nothing of great interest | East Aberdeenshire, which is published at action of two diametrically opposed reflex influ.
in the mathematics involved in Prof: length in the Transactions of that Club. He ences may determine a rhythmic response. It is
Pearson's histograms, or in “historigrams made a further report on the same subject urged that a rhythmic response to a continuous
-apparently an American translation of in 1899. The results are more fully dis.
stimulus must depend on an instability of equi-
time-curves. What will probably attract played in a joint paper, by him and Mr.
librium between the opposed tendencies at the
such readers will not be mathematics, but Tocher in the Journal of the Anthro- discharge once started is carried past the point
average rate of discharge, a condition whereby a
facts, for example, that imports into the pological Institute,
104-24. They where equilibrium, it possible, would occur.
United States are valued by a method gave a later account to the Association
Mr. T. Graham Brown read a paper on The
unknown to any other country, or that the
tariff schedules and the classifications of the Secretary of a Committee to organize a
in 1901, and Mr. Gray was appointed Factors in Rhythmic Functions of the Nervous
System. In å previous communication it was
shown that the act of rhythmic progression is
U. S. A. Bureau of Statistics do not tally, pigmentation survey of the schoolchildren intrinsically conditioned centrally and not peri,
with distressing consequences to the amateur of Scotland. In 1902 he made and published pherally. At the same time, it was suggested
fiscal reformer.
measurements of the Indian Coronation that the phenomenon of rhythmic movement in
the act is conditioned during a balance of equal
Lones (Thomas East), ARISTOTLE'S RE- contingent, and was appointed Secretary of
and opposite activities. That this is probably
SEARCHES IN NATURAL SCIENCE, 6/ net.
a Committee to organize anthropometric correct was shown by the experiments described in
West, Newman & Co. investigation in Great Britain and Ireland. the present paper.
The remarkable revival of Aristotelianism In 1903 the late Prof. Cunningham became
in England has not hitherto produced any
Chairman of that Committee, and its report
ASTRONOMICAL. -May 10. -Dr. F. W. Dyson,
important work examining the
philosopher's in 1904 gave rise to a discussion that has
contributions to natural science as a whole.
President, in the chair. --A paper was read by the
been printed by the Instituto As an occa.
President and Mr. E. W. Maunder on the position
Mr. Lones's book is somewhat brief, when sional paper, in which Mr.
Gray urged the
of the sun's axis as determined from photographs
the bulk of Aristotle's writings is considered, utility to science and to the State of an taken from 1874 to 1911, and measured at the
but it certainly fills a gap in the literature of anthropometric survey. Mr. Gray continued Royal Observatory, Greenwich. It was concluded
that the final value agreed closely with that found
the subject. We must take exception to his labours on that Committee for several suc.
the statement that Aristotle's works are
cessive years, and not only wrote the greater dence of change during the period
covered by the
by Carrington, and that there was no clear evi-
characterized by “conciseness of expression part of its valuable reports, but also invented photographs.
and simplicity of language. "
several ingenious machines for making Mr. Chapman read a paper by himself and Mr.
anthropometric measurements. At the time Lewis, on the effect of magnetism on the rates of
People's Books : HUXLEY, HIS LIFE AND of his death he had undertaken to give to
chronometers and watches. In a magnetic field
WORK, by Gerald Leighton, 6d. net. the Conference of Child-Study Societies, on
the balance-arm becomes magnetized, and the
chronometer or watch gains or loses according to
Jack the 11th inst. , a demonstration of an appliance its position in relation to the magnetic field.
There is something peculiarly_fitting in recently invented by him for estimating Prof. Lowell dealt with the spectroscopic
this popular study of the man whose own mental aptitudes. He was an examiner in discovery of the rotation of Uranus at the Lowell
writings contain the classic model of popular the Patent Office, a B. Sc. , and an honorary Observatory. The photographs clearly showed
studies. No one can dispute the claim of Foreign Corresponding Member of the French limbs of the planet, from which a rotation period
Lay Sermons or the lecture 'On a Piece ! Anthropological Society,
of about 10h. 45m, was deduced.
XXX.


## p. 599 (#451) ############################################

No. 4413, May 25, 1912
599
THE ATHENÆUM
13
a
was
are
&
Dr. J. W. Nicholson read a second paper on
are in nearly every case situated immediately
the constitution of the solar corona.
Science Gossip.
above wide expanses of water.
Mr. H. C. Plummer read a paper on the proper
A priori
motions and distances of stars of the spectral
there is, of course, nothing surprising in
types B8 and Bo, being a continuation of a paper
the connexion, if it exists, between these
read in January, and applying the same method
THE Annual Visitation of the Royal phenomena not having been observed before.
to certain other stars which appeared to move
Observatory, Greenwich, is to be held this The human race was for many ages in the
in a plane near that the Milky Way.
year on Saturday next. The “old guard
Mr. J. H. Reynolds read a preliminary paper on
presence of all the phenomena of electricity,
will feel a certain satisfaction in finding magnetism, and radio-activity without per-
photographs of spiral nebulæ in polarized light.
that an old time date is adhered to on the ceiving their true bearing.
The investigation was undertaken on the assump-
tion that some of the light of the nebulæ was present occasion.
reflected from the stars involved in it, and the
The India Sanitary Report for 1910, just
PROF. ZEHNDER claims to have invented
photographs appeared to show evidence of polari-
method of wireless telegraphy that issued, gives as usual a detailed account of
Prof. H. F. Newall contributed a note on the enables him to dispense with the complicated munity, records the latest efforts of science
the general health of the Indian com-
spectrum of the sun's limb during the partial antenna which have made the erection
eclipse of April 16th-17th, 1912.
of high towers, such as those at Polddhu, country, and provides tabular appendixes
to cope with the special diseases of the
Clifden, Nauen, and elsewhere, necessary.
METEOROLOGICAL. - Southport. - May 13.
Instead he uses
which are invaluable to the statistician.
a single insulated wire The rates for births and deaths are calculated
After assembling at the Town Hall in the morning, stretched at a moderate height above the
the Fellows were driven along the Proinenade,
on the basis of the census of 1901, which
the Marine Drive, and some of the principal ground, with its two extremities earthed.
streets to the Anemograph Station at Marshside, Its length bears a certain ratio to the length of 226,438,733; but the provisional figures
gave a total population for British India
where they saw the pressure-tube anemometers of wave employed, so that for a wave-
for the 1911 census show that these rates
and the anemoscope at work. The exposure of length of 4,500 metres he uses & wire of
these instruments is very open, as the district is
are not strictly accurate.
900 metres over land, and only 250 over
an extensive reclaimed marsh adjoining the beach.
A visit was then paid to the Fernley Observatory
The total of births in the year under
water. His system also enables him to
review
direct” the waves emitted, the position
8,947,991, and
in Hesketh Park to see the large collection of
of deaths
self-recording and other instruments which are of the wire showing the direction in which 7,518,034, the increase in the population
in use at this unique observatory.
After an adjournment for tea; a meeting of they produce the best effect. If it be true, being therefore 1,429,957. The birth-rate
as it is said, that Prof. Zehnder has already 33. 20. The former showed a rise from 36. 65
was 39. 52 per thousand, and the death-rate
the Society was held in the Science and Art
School, Dr. H. N. Dickson, President, in the successfully used his apparatus to transmit
in 1909, and the latter also increased from
chair. Mr. W. Marriott read a paper on the from Berlin messages backwards and for-
* Results of Hourly Wind and Rainfall Records wards across the Atla
it should super-
the 30. 91 of the
same year.
But the
at Southport, 1902–11, which was based upon sede the antenna system for certain purposes, owing to the exceptional decline in deaths
mortality of 1909 was phenomenally, low,
data supplied by Mr. J. Baxendell, the Borough as when it is wished to protect the receiving from cholera and plague. In 1910, 430,451
meteorologist. When the hourly results
grouped according to summer and winter seasons, and transmitting stations from the
a great contrast in the figures is at once apparent guns in time of war, or from the risk of people died from cholera, as compared with
A marked idei granath variation mine the idirection storms in time of peace. His experiments | 239,231 in 1909; while plague claimed
to an extreme local development of those coastal
so far suggest to him that the earth
413,355 victims, as against 145,333. On
rather than the ether is the medium of
the other hand, fever, which accounts for
breezes"_that is, winds blowing
of the land transmission of electric waves, which is at five-eighths of the total mortality of the
to the sea during the night and early morning, least doubtful.
country, showed a decline from 4,487,492 to
and off the sea to the land during the late morning
4,341,392.
and afternoon.
PROF. ARTHUR SCHUSTER has lately
With regard to plague, the Research
Mr. J. S. Dines read a paper on 'The South-made serious attempt to solve the Commission is continuing its investiga-
East Trade Wind at St. Helena,' in which he problem of the magnetic power of the tions into its etiology. One of the cir-
hypothesis of a long-period oscillation in the wind earth, and has examined carefully all cumstances that attracted its attention
direction at St. Helena.
the current theories on the subject. The was the_rareness of bubonic plague in
fact that the magnetic poles are only a Eastern Bengal and Assam, and a medical
ARISTOTELIAN. May 6. --- Mr.
Bertrand few degrees distant from the true poles of officer was sent to make a special inquiry
Russell, President, in the chair. —Miss Beatrice the earth has led many to conclude that into the matter. He reported that the
Edgell read a paper on 'Imagery and Memory. ' the rotation of the earth on its axis must immunity of the province was due to the
In examining the orders of fact which it is neces- in some way be accountable for the phe fact that rats were scarce,
to
its attempt to deal with memory, as a cognitive pongens forbutin e of Schusterissives several this being the construction and arrangement
But
distinguish retention, the memory, which repeats wrong; He is more inclined to the theory the explanation of “the perplexing problem
memory of habit and practice, from the that the earth is a magnet because of the why there is less plague in Madras city
memory which imagines, memory proper. The
differing forms of the latter-recognition, per, and thinks that this has not been sufficiently further study, since it was discovered that
masses of iron concealed within her crust, than in Bombay has to be reserved for
sistence, reminiscence, suggested recall, and
recollection-manifest with varying degrees of investigated. The laws of magnetism as the rat is not merely abundant in Madras,
distinctness three orders of fact : an act, reference exhibited on the surface may, he says, be but even more susceptible to the plague
back to the past, imagery and meaning or object entirely different at the high temperature and epidemic than his fellow in Bombay.
remembered. Imagery is treated as the product
enormous pressure which are supposed to
of the reference back, the form in which con-
Among other matters of interest we note
sciousness responds to a given situation. It is exist in the interior of the earth, and this
the steadily improving health of the British
presentation," distinguishable from the act of is the direction in which further experi- army. In 1910 the death-rate was only
remembering on the one hand, and from the ment may be useful.
meaning or what is remembered on the other.
4. 66 per thousand, as against 6. 25 in 1909,
presentation be so recognized, there An attempt to put what he calls “rhab- and an average of 9. 86 for the five preceding
is no justification for regarding a cognitive state domancy, or the use of the divining rod, years. Improved health is not confined
of consciousness as generically different from
on a scientific basis, has been made by merely to deaths. It extends to the “
other forms of conscious experience.
All con-
Prof. Karl V. Klinckwoström. He says stantly sick and invalided home. "
sciousness would then be reducible to one supreme
A
that “control
category_conation. A sketch plan of such a
experiments made with few years ago over 25 per thousand of the
merely conative psychology has been worked out the rods
subterranean conduits men were invalided homeweakening the
by Prof. Alexander. But the attempt to elimi- | containing running water show that the garrison each year by two battalions; in
nate presentation ” leads to insuperable, dimitraditional phenomena have a real exist- 1910 the ratio fell to 7. 77. Perhaps the
culties. When imagery is treated as object and
as non-mental, the "pastness ” of what is remem-
ence; but that they can never be scientific- most striking proof of the improvement is
bered becomes unintelligible, while the memory ally investigated unless some apparatus the fact that the death-rate in the British
of the subject's own past states of consciousness more removed from subjective influences is now slightly less than in the native Indian
is ex hypothesi impossible, for such past states than the human organism be employed. army-the ratio in the latter being 4. 89 per
cannot be non-mental objects. Memory in this This, he thinks, he has found in a delicate thousand. We notice that the returns for
case has to be translated into “ revival
newal,” but such a translation proves upon
static electrometer, which reveals, according Indian troops in out-stations-e. g. , China,
examination inadequate to the fact as consciously to him, the existence of a perceptible radia- Singapore, and Aden—are still lower :
experienced. The paper was followed by a tion from a large extent of water. In con- even in Aden the rate was only 4. 34. In
discussion.
firmation of this, he appeals to the fact that China the ratio was but 3. 86, and at Singa-
storm-clouds have been shown to follow by | pore and Colombo 3:36. The causes of the
Tues. Royal Institution, The Formation of the Alphabet. preference the course of streams, and that improved health of the two armies are
thunderstorms are more violent in the neigh- reviewed at considerable length by the
Tuurs. Royal Lostitution, 3. -' X Rays and Matter,' Lecture L. , Prof.
bourhood of these than over dry land. Commissioner, and the impression is left
Royal Institutioa. 9. -'Icabergs and
in the
Nurigation. Prof. U. T. Barnes.
Aeronauts also say that the clear spaces that they are likely to last, with increasing
Royal Institution, lui The Development of Meteorological which they find in the interior of rain-clouds ' proportional effect.
>>
th
Unless *
con-
over
or
re-
MOETINOS NEXT WEEK.
Lecture L. Prof. W. M. Flinders Petrie
0. G. Buckls
Fx.
their Location in
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600
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4413, May 25, 1912
new
the paint has of being incorporated into the
FINE ARTS
very substance of the material painted on,
EARLY CHINESE PAINTINGS. It thus shares in some sort the monumental
This collection at the Fine Art Society's painting by modern methods always looks
look of fresco, compared with which a
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. gallery appears to us the finest exhibition
technically meretricious a superficial daub-
Notice in those columns does not preclude longer in London since the display at the British ing cover of the structural basis of the works
• Amateur Photographer Library : 10, Museum took the artistic public by storm Among the quite small paintings which
risk being overlooked we must signal out
THE LANTERN, AND HOW TO USE IT,
and made admiration of such work fashion-
able.
by C. Goodwin Norton and Judson
It includes several masterpieces,
three of great beauty-Nos. 35, 36, and 39.
Bonner ; and 31, THE OIL AND BROMOIL
and enumeration of these is hampered by
PROCESSES, by F. J. Mortimer and S. L. the difficulty of ruling out others which
For
Coulthurst, 1) net each.
are of almost equal importance.
SKETCHES BY RUBENS.
Hazell, Watson & Viney beauty of workmanship, the instinctive
Two
editions of concise hand refusal to elaborate a work beyond the
This loan exhibition, organized by Messrs.
books upon these photographic processes. pitch at which the materials used display Dowdeswell in aid of the National Hospital
Full instructions are given as to the produc- their maximum of intrinsic beauty, the for the Paralyzed and Epileptic, shows the
tion of photographic prints in oil and brom- Chinese are unrivalled, and before the master's
qualities admirably. Some of the
oil, and the development of the optical executive perfection of such paintings as
works, such as the fine series of tapestry
lantern.
Nos. 4 and 5 in the present collection we
Henry (David), THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN, theme. The hand which wrought these The equally fine and much
larger work
are disposed to forget the slightness of the designs lent by Lord Barrymore, have been
WITH OTHER MEDIÆVAL INSTITUTIONS delicate panels was certainly inspired by contributed by the Corporation of Glasgow-
AND THEIR BUILDINGS IN ST. ANDREWS,
2/6 net.
St. Andrews, Henderson defiant cleverness of No. 1, Birds, with Nature adorned by the races (14)—is, how-
The author has for years collected material Pomegranate Tree, which might represent over, less familiar to Londoners, and would
relating to the history of ancient buildings the triumphant Aourish of some brilliant in itself suffice to make the exhibition
at St. Andrews, which, having been published designer of wallpapers; but we recognize in important. The central group is, indeed,
in the columns of The St. Andrews Citizen, the Portrait of a Taoist Priest with Attendant too small in scale for the rest of the picture,
proved so interesting to its readers that a (30) the added impressiveness of an essen.
reprint in book-form was desired. There tially dignified subject treated on a monu.
and with no suggestion of atmospheric
is a certain inexpertness in treatment; for mental scale. The spacious landscape, No. perspective. to account for the fact
by
instance, we do not see why the life of 42, Imperial Hunt, is another work of capital and flowers and the lusty figures supporting
St. Francis need have been related so fully, importance, carried off with a fluent ease
nor other remote historical
matters so largely never degenerating into sloppiness; while it; which frames in the inadequate centre-
expatiated upon. On his proper subject the another painting of early date-An Arhat piece, is superb. Few things mark the
author is full of information.
resisting an Attack by a Dragon (43)-is greatness of Rubens more convincingly
Rhead (G. Woolliscroft), MODERN PRACTICAL perhaps the most striking design in the than the way in which he could utilize the
Batsford exhibition.