No More Learning

Besides many ser-
cian, or druggist, who must have lived in or before mons, he left a large work “ against Avarice,"
the second century after Christ; he is the in- which is lost. (Gennad. 20; Theodoret. Dial. ii. ;
ventor of an antidote against poisonous reptiles, Phot. Cod. 288 ; Act. Concil. Ephes. iii. p. 118,
&c. , of which the prescription is embodied in a Labbe; Catal. Codd. Vindobon. pt. i. p. 116, No.
short Greek elegiac poem.
The poem is insert- 58. )
[P. S. )
ed by Galen in one of his works (De Antid. ï. ÁNTI'OCHUS ('Artióxos), Athenian
14, 17, vol. xiv. pp. 185, 201), but nothing is SCULPTOR, whose name is inscribed on his statue
known of the history of the author. Others sup of Athene in the Villa Ludovisi at Rome. (Winc-
pose that a physician of this name is not the author kelmann's Werke, iv. 375, vi. 252, ed. 1829. ) (P. S. )
either of the poem or the antidote, but that they ANTI'OCHUS ('Artloxos), the father of SE-
are connected in some way with the Theriaca which LEUCUS Nicator, the king of Syria, and the grand-
Antiochus the Great, king of Syria, was in the father of Antiochus Soter, was one of Philip's
habit of using, and the prescription for which he generals. (Justin, xv. 4. ) A genealogical table of
dedicated in verse to Aesculapius (Plin. H. N. xx. his descendants is given under SELEUCIDAE.
cap. ult. ) or Apollo. (Plin. Valer. De Re Med. iv. ANTI'OCHUS ('Avrloxos), of SYRACUSE, a
38. ) (See Cagnati Variae Observat. ii. 25, p. 174, son of Xenophanes, is called by Dionysius of Hali-
ed. Rom. 1587. )
(W. A. G. ) carnassus (Ant. Rom. i. 12) a very ancient histo-
ANTI'OCHUS ('Artloxos). 1. A PHYSICIAN, rian. He lived about the year B. C. 423, and was
who appears to have lived at Rome in the second thus a contemporary of Thucydides and the Pelo-
century after Christ. Galen gives a precise account ponnesian war. (Joseph. c. A pion. i. 3. ) Respect-
(De Sanit
. Tuenda, v. 5, vol. vi. p. 332) of the ing his life nothing is known, but his historical
food he used to eat and the way in which he works were held in very high esteem by the an-
lived ; and tells us that, by paying attention to his cients on account of their accuracy. (Dionys. i. 73. )
diet, &c. , he was able to dispense with the use of His two works were: 1. A history of Sicily, in
medicines, and when upwards of eighty years old nine books, from the reign of king Cocalus, i. e.
used to visit his patients on foot. A ëtius (tetrab. from the earliest times down to the year B. C. 424
i. serm. iii. c. 114. p. 132) and Paulus Aegineta or 425. (Diod. xii. 71. ) It is referred to by Pau-
(vii. 8, p. 290) quote a prescription which may sanias (x. 11. § 3), Clemens of Alexandria (Pro-
perhaps belong to this physician, but he is pro- trept. p. 22), and Theodoret. (P. 115. ). – 2. A
bably not the person mentioned by Galen under the history of Italy, which is very frequently referred
Antiochus Philometor. "
to by Strabo (v. p. 242, vi. pp. 252, 254, 255,
2. The name of two physicians, saints and 257, 262, 264, 265, 278), by Dionysius (U. cc. ,
martyrs, the first of whom was born of an eques and i. 22, 35; comp. Steph. Byz. s. 0. BpéTTIOS;
trian family in Mauritania. After devoting Hesych. s. v. Xuvnu ; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, i.
some years to the study of sacred and profane p. 14, &c. The fragments of Antiochus are con-
an
name
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196
ANTIOCHUS.
ANTIOCIIUS.
AXOILNV
BASIERE
tained in C. et T. Müller, Fragm. llistor. Graec. | condition of his putting away his former wife
Paris, 1841, pp. 181–184. )
(L. S. ] Laodice and marrying Berenice, a daughter of
ANTI'OCHUS I. ('Avtíoxos), king of Syria, Ptolemy. This connexion between Syria and
surnamed SOTER (Ewtúp), was the son of Seleucus Egypt is referred to in the book of Daniel (xi. 6),
Nicator and a Persian lady, Apama. The mar- where by the king of the south we are to under-
riage of his father with Apama was one of those stand Egypt, and by the king of the north, Syria,
marriages which Alexander celebrated at Susa in on the death of Ptolemy two years afterwards
B. C. 325, when he gave Persian wives to his ge- Antiochus recalled Laodice, but she could not for-
nerals. This would fix the birth of Antiochus give the insult that had been shewn her, and, still
about B. C. 324. He was present with his father mistrusting Antiochus, caused him to be murdered
at the battle of Ipsus in B. c. 301, which secured as well as Berenice and her son. Antiochus was
for Seleucus the government of Asia. It is related killed in B. C. 246, after a reig of fifteen years.
of Antiochus, that he fell sick through love of By Laodice he had four children, Seleucus Callini-
Stratonice, the young wife of his father, and the cus, who succeeded him, Antiochus Hierax, a
daughter of Demetrius Poliorcetes, and that when daughter, Stratonice, married to Mithridates, and
his father learnt the cause of his illness through another daughter married to Ariarathes. Phy-
his physician Erasistratus, he resigned Stratonice larchus related (Athen. x. p. 438), that Antiochus
to him, and gave him the government of Upper was much given to wine. (Appian, Syr. 65;
Asia with the title of king. On the murder of his Athen. ii. p. 45; Justin, xxvii. l; Polyaen. viii.
father in Macedonia in B. c. 280, Antiochus suc- 50 ; Val. Max. ix. 14. § 1, extern. ; Hieronym. ad
ceeded to the whole of his dominions, and prose- Dan. c. 11. ) On the reverse of the coin annexed,
cuted his claims to the throne of Macedonia against Hercules is represented with his club in his hand.
Antigonus Gonatas, but eventually allowed the (Eckhel, iji. p. 218. )
latter to retain possession of Macedonia on his
marrying Phila, the daughter of Seleucus and
Stratonice. The rest of Antiochus' reign was chiefly
occupied in wars with the Gauls, who had invaded
Asia Minor. By the help of his elephants he gained
a victory over the Gauls, and received in consequence
the surname of Soter (Ewtúp). He was afterwards
defeated by Eumenes near Sardis, and was sub-
sequently killed in a second battle with the Gauls
(B. C. 261), after a reign of nineteen years.
By
his wife Stratonice Antiochus had three children:
Antiochus Theos, who succeeded him ; A pama,
married to Magas; and Stratonice, married to
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS II.
Demetrius II. of Macedonia. (Appian, Syr. 59-65; ANTI'OCHUS III. ('Avrloxos), king of Syria,
Justin, xvii. 2: Plut. Demetr. 38, 39; Strab. xiii
. surnamed the Great (Méyas), was the son of
p. 623; Paus i. 7; Julian, Misopog. p. 348, a. b. ; Seleucus Callinicus, and succeeded to the throne on
Lucian, Zeuris, 8 ; Aelian, H. A. vi. 44 ; Plin. the death of his brother Seleucus Ceraunus, B. C.
H. N. viii. 42. ) Apollo is represented on the re- 223, when he was only in his fifteenth year. His
verse of the annexed coin. (Eckhel. ii. p. 215. ) first cousin Achaeus, who might easily have assum-
ed the royal power, was of great use to Antiochus
at the commencement of his reign, and recovered
for the Syrian monarchy all the provinces in Asia
Minor, which Attalus, king of Pergamus, had ap-
propriated to himself
. But Antiochus was not so
fortunate in his eastern dominions. Molo and
Alexander, two brothers, who had been appointed
to the government of Media and Persis respectively,
revolted and defeated the armies sent against them.
They were, however, put down in a second cam-
A
paign, conducted by Antiochus in person, who also
added to his dominions the province of Media
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS L.
Atropatene. (B. C. 220. )
On his return from his eastern provinces, Antio
ANTIOʻCHUS II. ('Artloxos), king of Syria, chus coinmenced war against Ptolemy Philopator,
surnamed THEOS (eds), a surname which he de- king of Egypt, in order to obtain Coele-Syria,
rived from the Milesians whom he delivered from Phoenicia, and Palestine, which he maintained be-
their tyrant, Timarchus, succeeded his father in longed to the Syrian kingdom. At first he was
B. C. 261. Soon after his accession he became in completely successful. In B. c. 218, he gained pos-
volved in war with Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of session of the chief towns of Phoenicia, but in the
Egypt, which lasted for many years and greatly following year (B. c. 217), he was defeated in a great
weakened the Syrian kingdom. Taking advantage battle fought at Raphia near Gaza, and concluded
of this weakness, Arsaces was able to establish in consequence a peace with Ptolemy, by which he
the Parthian empire in B. c. 250; and his example ceded the provinces in dispute. He was the more
was shortly afterwards followed by Theodotus, anxious to make peace with Ptoleiny, as he wish-
the governor of Bactria, who revolted from Antio- ed to direct all his forces against Achaeus, who
chus and made Bactria an independent kingdom. had revolted in Asia Minor. In one campaign he
The loss of these provinces induced Antiochus to deprived Achaeus of his conquests, and put him to
sue for peace, which was granted (B. C. 250) on death when he fell into his hands in B. c. 214,

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ANTIOCHUS.
ANTIOCHUS.
197
after sustaining a siege of two years in Sardis. were then engaged in a war with the Gauls.
(ACHAEUS, p. 18, a. ]
It was also most unfortunate for him, that when
Antiochus seems now to have formed the design the war actually broke out, he did not give Han-
of regaining the castern provinces of Asia, which nibal any share in the command.
had revolted during the reign of Antiochus II. It was not till B. c. 192 that Antiochus, at the
He accordingly marched against Arsaces III. , king earnest request of the Aetolians, at length crossed
of Parthia, and Euthydemus, king of Bactria, and over into Greece. In the following year (B. c. 191)
carried on the war for some years. Although he was entirely defeated by the Roman consul
Antiochus met upon the whole with great success, Acilius Glabrio at Thermopylae, and compelled to
he found it hopeless to effect the subjugation of these return to Asia. The defeat of his fleet in two
kingdoms, and accordingly concluded a peace with sea-fights led him to sue for peace; but the condi-
them, in which he recognized their independence. tions upon which the Romans offered it seemed 80
With the assistance of Euthydemus he marched hard to him, that he resolved to try the fortune of
into India, and renewed the alliance of the Syrian another campaign. He accordingly advanced to
kings with that country; and he obtained from meet Scipio, who had crossed over into Asia, but
Sophagasenus, the chief of the Indian kings, a large he was defeated at the foot of Mount Sipylus,
supply of elephants. He at length returned to near Magnesia. (B. c. 190. ) He again sued for
Syria after an absence of seven years (B. C. 212— peace, which was eventually granted in B. c. 188
205), which may be regarded as the most flourish on condition of his ceding all his dominions west of
ing period of his reign. It appears that the title of Mount Taurus, paying 15,000 Euboic talents
Great was conferred upon him during this time. within twelve years, giving up his elephants and
In the year that Antiochus returned to Syria ships of war, and surrendering the Roman enemies
(B. C. 205), Ptolemy Philopator died, leaving as who had taken refuge at his court. He had,
his successor Ptolemy Epiphanes, then a child of moreover, to give twenty hostages for the due
five years old. Availing himself of the weakness fulfilment of the treaty, and among them his son
of the Egyptian government, Antiochus entered Antiochus (Epiphanes). To these terms he ac-
into an agreement with Philip, king of Macedonia, ceded, but allowed Hannibal to escape.
to divide between them the dominions of Ptolemy. About this time Antiochus lost Armenia, which
As Philip became engaged soon afterwards in a war became an independent kingdom. He found great
with the Romans, he was unable to send forces difficulty in raising money to pay the Romans, and
against Egypt; but Antiochus prosecuted this war was thus led to plunder a wealthy temple in Ely-
vigorously in Palestine and Coele-Syria, and at mais ; the people, however, rose against him and
length obtained complete possession of these pro- killed him in his attempt
. (B. C. 187. ) The defeat
vinces by his victory over the Egyptian general of Antiochus by the Romans, and his death in a
Scopas, near Paneas, in B. c. 198. He was assist " fort of his own land,” are foretold in the book of
ed in this war by the Jews, to whom he granted Daniel. (xi. 18, 19. ) Antiochus was killed in the
many important privileges. Fearing, however, the 52nd year of his age and the 37th of his reign.
power of the Romans, and anxious to obtain pos He married Laodice, daughter of Mithridates, king
session of many parts of Asia Minor which did of Pontus, and had several children. His sons
not acknowledge his sovereignty, he concluded were, 1. Antiochus, who died in his father's life-
peace with Egypt, and betrothed his daughter time. (Liv. xxxv. 15. ) 2. Ardys, 3. Mithridates,
Cleopatra to the young king Ptolemy, giving with both of whom also probably died before their
her Coele-Syria and Palestine as a dowry. He father. (Liv. xxxii. 10. ) 4. Seleucus Philopator,
now. marched into Asia Minor, where he carried who succeeded his father. 5. Antiochus Epi-
everything before him, and then crossed over into phanes, who succeeded his brother Seleucus. The
Europe, and took possession of the Thracian daughters of Antiochus were, 1. Laodice, married
Chersonese (B. C. 196), which belonged to the to her eldest brother Antiochus. (Appian, Syr. 4. )
Macedonian kingdom, but which he claimed as his 2. Cleopatra, betrothed to Ptolemy Epiphanes.
own, because Seleucus Nicator had taken it from 3. Antiochis, married to Ariarathes, king of Cap-
Lysimachus. But here his progress was stopt by padocia. 4. One whose name is not mentioned,
the Romans. At the commencement of his war whom her father offered in marriage to Eumenes.
with Egypt, the guardians of young Ptolemy had (Appian, Syr. 5. ) The coins of Antiochus are
placed him under the protection of the Romans; the first of those of the Seleucidae which bear a
but while the latter were engaged in their war with date. There are two coins preserved of the 112th
Philip, they did not attempt to interrupt Antiochus and 117th years of the reign of the Seleucidae,
in his conquests, lest he should march to the that is, the 23rd and 28th years of the reign of
assistance of the Macedonian king. Now, however, Antiochus. (Polyb. lib. v. , &c. ; Appian, Syr. ;
matters were changed. The Romans had con- Liv. lib. xxxi. - xxxvii. ; Justin. lib. xxix. -xxxii. ;
quered Philip in B. C. 197, and no longer dreaded
a war with Antiochus. They accordingly sent an
embassy to him (B. c. 196) requiring him to sur-
render the Thracian Chersonese to the Macedonian
king, and also all the places he had conquered from
Ptolemy. Antiochus returned a haughty answer
to these demands; and the arrival of Hannibal at
his court in the following year (B. c. 195) strength-
ened him in his determination to resist the Roman
claims. Hannibal urged him to invade Italy with-
out loss of time; but Antiochus resolved to see
first what could be done by negotiation, and thus
lost a most favourable moment, as the Romans
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS III.

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198
ANTIOCHUS.
ANTIOCHUS.
1
a
Joseph. Ant. xii. 3. & 3; Diod. Exc. pp. 573. - He died in B. c. 164, after a reign of 11 years.
575, ed. Wess. ; Strab. xvi. p. 744 ; Fröhlich, He left a son, Antiochus Eupator, who succeeded
Annales, p. 39; Eckhel, iii. p. 220, &c. ) Apollo him, and a daughter, Laodice. (Liv, lib. xli. -
is represented on the reverse of the foregoing coin. xlv. ; Polyb. lib.