No More Learning

National Bunday League Concert, 7, Queen's Hall
Mox. -SAT. Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
London Opera House, Kingsway.
Mox.
Vernon D'Arnulle's Vocal Roodtal, 3. 18. Rolian Hall.
Frederick Dawson's Pianoforte Recital, 3. 15, Steinway Hall,
Tues. Madame Carreño's Pianoforte Recital, 3. 15, Queen's Hall
Leila Duart's Vocal Recital, 315, Bechstein Hall.
Godfrey Ludlow's Orchestral Concert, 8. 15, Queen's Hall.
WED. Kreisler's Violin Recital, 3, Queen's Hall.
Lamond's Pianoforte Recital, 3. Bechstein Hall.
Arrigo Provvedi's 'Cello Recital, 3. 15, Steinway Hall.
Tora Hwass's Pianoforto Recital, 3. 15, Æolian Hall
Wilhelm Sachse Orchestra, 8. 15, Queen's Hall



## p. 511 (#391) ############################################

No. 4410, May 4, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
511
was
THURS. Twelve o'Clock Chamber Concert, Rollan Hall.
Madamo Lavallo's Vocal Recital, 3, Steinway Hall.
Louis Persinger's Violin Recital, 3 15, Bechstein Hall.
Jean Storliog Mackinlay's Matinée, 3. 80, Little Theatre.
Margaret Muredith's Choral Concert, 8 30, Æolian Hall
Woltmann Orchestra, 8 30, Bechstein Hall.
FRI.
Marjorie Adams's Pianoforte Recital, 3. 16, Bechstein Hall.
Emma Davidson, Dorothea Walwyn, and Percival Garratt's
Recital, 8. 30, Æolian Hall,
Alfred Kaut ner" Harp Recital, 8. 30. Steinway Hall.
Madamo do St. André's Concert, 8 30, Bechstein Hall.
SAT.
stein Hall
Egon Petri's Pianoforte Recital, 3. 15, Polian Hall.
>>
an
been derived from the part'as delivered to Charles Kean must have known
her by the prompter, and from rehearsals purchased by mutilating Shakespeare's
and performances in which she participated. ” plays almost beyond recognition. Nor
But does Mr. Winter really think that the can it be acknowledged that the artistic
traditions of an actress who studied her conscience is conspicuous in the Anglo-
Marlo Gab: teile Lescheizky Pianoforte Recital, '3. 15, Bech. part without knowing her play are of Saxon_nature when Mr. Winter asserts
any permanent value to the stage ? | that Irving and Booth believed, and
Again, Mr. Winter, quoting from Boaden, several times declared in conversation
says, “ Unquestionably all the truth, all with him, " that Cibber's version fof
the uniformity, all the splendor, and the King Richard III. ') is more directly
DRAMA
retinue of the stage came in with Mr. effective, than the original is, upon the
Kemble. ” But if truth and uniformity average public taste. ”. Against this judg.
began with Kemble, why study the tra- ment Mr. Winter himself protests, al-
ENGLISH AND AMERICAN ACTORS. ditions of Betterton or Garrick? Of the though he believes the opinion to be
actor Wallack in Macbeth' there is a justified on the plea that Cibber's version
The title of this book is too vague, for tradition, now happily obsolete, that his held the stage, to the exclusion of the
it suggests a general survey of Shake- exit into the King's chamber at “ Hear original, for over a century. This fact
speare and his dramas.
If the play of it not, Duncan,
was prolonged to such | alone seems to indicate how little the
King Henry VIII. ' be excepted as of an extent " that his left leg remained in Anglo-Saxon mind can appreciate what
doubtful authorship, only to five of the view of the audience for a considerable is due to a dramatist of Shakespeare's
poet's thirty odd dramas is reference made,
time after the rest of his person had dis- eminence. In fact, while Mr. Winter
while from these five there are set
appeared. Even so sound an actor as shows impartiality in his criticism of
apart, for special notice, some half a Edwin Booth took liberties with his English and American actors, his judg-
dozen well-known characters which from
audience that would astonish a sociétaire ment upon foreign artists is biased. No-
time to time have constituted the reper- of the Théâtre Français.
where upon the Continental stage is seen
tory of eminent actors and actresses. As
Yet Edwin Booth, perhaps, as so much lawlessness in the handling of
regards the choice of plays, Mr. Winter artist, stands on a higher plane than Shakespeare as exists upon the English
frankly admits that this is due to con- some of his profession whom Mr. Winter stage. In municipal and Court theatres
sideration of the commercial interests of
eulogizes. It was to Booth's credit that | abroad artists are not allowed to take
his publishers,“ whose confidence and he abjured Irving's rendering of Shylock liberties with their author.
liberality make so large an investment at a time when the new reading was There is abundance of praise in this
in the enterprise which I have under- extraordinarily popular with the public. volume for the lovely Ada Rehan,”
taken. "
Booth states :
and for “ the foremost inspirational actress
Here then is a book of 564 pages about
the doings or misdoings of theatrical
“I think Macready was the first to lift of her time,” Ellen Terry; but the
celebrities, and, like all books of its class, it
the uncanny Jew out of the darkness of his criticism on their acting, like that on the
native element of revengeful selfishness into men, is vague and tantalizing. The truth
abounds in contradictions and incon-
the light of the venerable Hebrew, the Martyr, is that Ellen Terry is “ great” by reason
sistencies. For instance, the volume is the Avenger. He has had several followers, of her personality, which has the same
dedicated to the memory of Augustin Daly, and I once tried to view him in that light, inexpressible charm to the audience in
because of his brilliant services to the
but he does not cast a shadow sufficiently whatever part she appears. Unfortunately,
cause of Shakespearean drama in Ame- strong to contrast with the sunshine of the
there is nothing more detrimental to the
rica”; while on another page we read
comedy. . . . 'Twas the money value of Leah's
that Daly produced The Merchant of
ring that he grieved over, not its association
art of the stage than the popular notion
with her, else he would have shown some
that the actress should be regarded as
Venice' with scenery of extraordinary affection for her daughter. "
something apart from the play, and the
magnificence, and dressed it with a
splendour of costly apparel unprecedented in the way he did is now for the first time collects that there are such things as
Irving's reason for acting the character character she impersonates in that play.
Sometimes, but not often, the author
in its stage history," in order to outdo
made public.
Irving's “ artistically matchless setting
“Shylock," said Irving plays as well as actors, but then he
"
of that play.
in Mr. Winter's presence,
Even Mr. Winter, how-
was a bloody- becomes sententious rather than critical.
ever, is obliged to admit the failure of minded monster, but you mustn't play Referring to Ada Rehan as Portia, he
Daly's wasteful experiment, and to confess
him so, if you wish to succeed : you must
remarks:
that “the luxury of environment was
get some sympathy with him. ” After
“ It is especially memorable that this
carried beyond the limit of necessity. " Irving's candid confession that his Shy-
In other words, the cause of Shakespeare lock was not Shakespeare's, it is strange actress was the first and the only Portia
was sacrificed to managerial rivalry.
that Mr. Winter should quote Irving's of our time, or, as far as stage history shows,
record of two thousand performances in strict court of Venice," ovinced and con-
Mr. Winter thinks that necessary and the part as one of the instances that sistently maintained the anxiety, not to say
valuable traditions of actors should not Shakespeare does not spell ruin. More the solemnity, inseparable from the situations
be allowed to die, and that the readings surprising still, in face of the admission, and feelings of a person who is to adjudicate
and “business " which were approved by is Mr. Winter's contention regarding upon a question
Betterton, Garrick, Kemble, Kean, Mac- the inferiority of actors of the European or death.
ready, Phelps, Booth, and Irving ought Continental stage to English-speaking But to Portia there is no consciousness of
to be known and considered by younger actors. “In the Anglo-Saxon nature,
a life at stake or of financial ruin. She
actors. Regarding the relevancy of these says Mr. Winter," there is a deep sin- is the one person in the court who is in a
traditions to the author's text and
cerity, a substantiality of power, which position to look with amusement on the
characters Mr. Winter is silent. When mingles in the operation of the Anglo- perplexed and tragic faces about her.
Mrs. Pritchard acted Lady Macbeth, we
Saxon mind, however exerted. ” Unfor- With much more reason it may be asked,
are told,
tunately, many pages of Mr. Winter's When will our Portias cease to be Portias
overwhelmed beholders by the volume contradict the assumption, at in the trial scene, and try to impersonate
horriblo force of implacable cruelty, the least as regards the English stage. Take, “the young doctor of Rome," Balthazar ?
grandeur of imperial manner, and the for instance, the allusion to Charles Kean's As the part is acted to-day, it would be
poignant pathos of ultimate withering performances at the Princess's Theatre, absurd to believe that Bassanio, Gratiano,
desolation ; yet it is alleged on credible
authority that she had never read the play; most opulent success by the present the heiress of Belmont in her ballroom
1850–59. We hear that he gained “his and their servants could not recognize
her only knowledge of the subject having ment of Shakespeare's plays, of which he get-up! Moreover, Shakespeare wrote a
Shakespeare on the Stage. By William produced thirteen in a style of unpre- scene especially to prepare the audience
Winter. (Fisher Unwin. )
cedented magnificence”-a setting that for some disguise and impersonation from
>
"she


## p. 512 (#392) ############################################

512
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4410, MAY 4, 1912
6
، کی
> >
com-
Portia ; the boy-actress in Shakespeare's We are sorry to notice the death on
time was an adept in mimicry.
Wednesday last from pneumonia of Miss
SWIFT'S
It is not presumed that this book is and sister of the well-known actor Mr. C.
Beryl Faber, the wife of Mr. Cosmo Hamilton,
BOOKS THAT COMPEL.
without interest or information for those Aubrey Smith. Since her appearance in
who care for what is theatrical apart The Masqueraders' in 1894 at the St.
from what is dramatic. Its shortcomings James's Theatre, she had become well known
FICTION.
do not lie with the author, who knows his to London audiences as a capable actress DAUGHTERS OF ISHMAEL.
subject well, and handles it skilfully, but are
with a distinct personality which empha-
sized good looks.
due to the principle which underlies most
By REGINALD WRIGHT KAUFFMANN.
books of the kind. It is the notion that MR. GRANVILLE BARKER is producing
With a Preface by JOHN MASEFIELD.
Shakespeare's plays were written to exploit Prof. Gilbert Murray's translation of the
[Sixth Edition.
Iphigenia in Tauris in the open-air Greek CLEMENT K. SHORTER in the Sphere. —"A real service
some actor or actress, whereas they were
Theatre at Bradfield College on the lith,
to humanity. "
written, as modern plays are now, to be in- 14th, and
Liverpool Post. -"The 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' of the White
15th of June. Miss Lillah Slave Traffic. "
telligently interpreted by every member of McCarthy will be Iphigenia, and the rest
the cast. The young performer who reads of the cast substantially that seen recently IN A GERMAN PENSION.
Mr. Winter's book will learn little about at the Kingsway Theatre. At the latter
By KATHERINE MANSFIELD.
Shakespeare, and nothing at all about an theatre, from May 7th onwards, a series of
[Third Edition in the press.
actor's responsibilities towards his author special matinées is to be given of Mr. Maurice
World. --"A masterly piece of work. "
Baring's "The Double Game,' under the
and his art. On the contrary, he
may
same management.
Truth. -“ Amazingly clever book. "
think that in Shakespeare's plays only
star parts count with critics and the To commemorate the centenary of the
LOVE IN MANITOBA.
public, and that to play the smaller ones, Centenary Committee announce a dramatic
birth of Robert Browning the Special
By A. WHARTON GILL.
however efficiently, is to do something matinée (under royal and distinguished
[Second Edition.
derogatory to his status as an actor. We patronage) to be given on next Friday, Sheffield Telegraph. —“The author is a real student of
hope, however, that public opinion on at the Court Theatre. The matinée will be
Canadian life. "
Daily Telegraph. -"Admirably. told . . . . An excellent
this matter is changing in this country, devoted to Browning's works, and will presentation of farm life in Manitoba. "
and that playgoers no longer wish to go include the presentation as monologues of
to the theatre to see “stars” in Shake- several of the Dramatic Lyrics and the AN EXCELLENT MYSTERY.
speare, but to see Shakespeare without production of 'In a Balcony.
By COUNTESS RUSSELL.
stars.
THERE has of late been much talk of
Morning Leader. -"Undoubted vividness. "
national and other theatres-not only the
London Shakespeare Mernorial scheme, but LADY ERMYNTRUDE AND
also a proposal for Wagner festival perform-
ances of
Parsifal' have been in the air,
THE PLUMBER.
to be abandoned temporarily. A
Dramatic Gossip.
prehensive plan for a Festival Theatre of
By PERCY FENDALL.
all the arts appears in a book called The Yorkshire Post. --" Mr. Fendall has set out to amuse
and he does it in rollicking fashion. "
It is a pleasurable thing in these days to Shakespeare Revival,' published through
be able to recommend a whole evening's Messrs. G. Allen & Co. This idea, which is
BELLES LETTRES.
entertainment. Two pieces provided at explained at length, has the sanction of the
the Playhouse ensure this. Miss K. G.
Governors of the Memorial Theatre, Strat- THE EPISODES OF VATHEK.
Sowerby's “Before Breakfast' gives us
ford-upon-Avon, and Mr. F. R. Benson
By WILLIAM BECKFORD. Translated by the late
The plan is neither Sir FRANK T. MARZIALS, with an Introduction by
again the freshness of outlook which would contributes the Preface.
LEWIS MELVILLE, and containing the Original
more nor less than a combination of the
not,
her
trusted, be confined
French. 218. net.
* Rutherford and Son, and Mr. Macdonald Bayreuth idea with that of a Shakespeare
memorial,
Hastings’s ‘Love--and What Then ? ' fulfils
OLD ENGLISH WORTHIES,
for once the requirements of comedy. We
By DOROTHY SENIOR. 108. Bd. net.
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LEAVES OF PROSE.
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Bisson's brisk and galloping farce · L'héro. We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the By ANNIE MATHESON, including Two Essays by
appearance of reviews of books.
ïque Le Cardunois’ was performed for the
MAY SINCLAIR. 68. net.
We do not undertake to give the value of books, china,
second time at the Little Theatre on Thurs-
“ Miss Matheson shows literary urbanity, allusiveness,
pictures, &c.
and knowledge, but we fear that her style will give an
day night. Its world-old and now fossilized
unfair impression of attitudinizing. She has a genuine
theme is the exposure of the pseudo-heroics
fervour which is often simulated by others. "-Athenaeuin.
of Le Cardunois. The play would have
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
been more pointed to an audience of fifty
A NIGHT IN THE LUXEMBOURG.
years ago, when the Byronic cult of pictorial
By REMY DE GOURMONT. Translated, with a
dauntlessness was at its zenith. The in-
Preface and Appendix, by ARTHUR RANSOME.
genious doublings of the hero, the credulity AUTHORS' AGENTS
of his victims, and the final disillusion, led BOOKBINDING
POLITICS.
to some boisterous extravaganza, which
IRISH HOME RULE: THE LAST
provided broad merriment. One must
either
PHASE.
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and was carried through with a vigorous
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play.
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For the Enlightenment of John Bull,
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## p. 523 (#393) ############################################

No. 4411, May 11, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
523
CHORTOX COLLINS'S POSTHUMOUS ESSAYS
THE OXFORD DICTIONARY
PAGE
523
524
525
the Dawn)
526-527
527
-.
528–529
536
GOSSIP
537-539
539-541
542-543
544
from nobility of character. This is a pe
one who had read widely and carefully, One might hold, on the contrary, that the
SATURDAY, MAY 11, 1912.
who was possessed of an astonishing defect of ‘Paradise Lost' is not that angels
memory, and had the knack of stimulating and Deity are conceived with ignoble
CONTENTS.
popular audiences to his own enthusiasms. anthropomorphism, but that they are not
He was by profession a teacher of litera- anthropomorphic enough. Satan, humanly
ture, and, so far as acquaintance with portrayed, is alone sufficient to ensure the
THE EGO AND HIS OWN
books and knowledge of the facts of litera- immortality of the epic, the interest of
Two POETS OF TO-DAY (The Clouds; The Heralds of ture are concerned, few, if any, popular which would have been enhanced if the
lecturers were better qualified than he. Deity had been endowed with a similar
GLADSTONE AND IRELAND
THREE COUNTIES (Life in a Yorkshire Village ; Shrop-
But we cannot fail to observe that he human-heroic spirit.
shire; Rambles in Somerset ; A Somerset Sketch. always approaches literature with a strong In like manner Wordsworth is con-
Book) . .
ethical bias. He does not ask “ What is sidered, not really as a poet, not as a
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS
580 this book ? ” but “What is the teaching visionary, a seer, a man who perceived,
FORTHCOMING BOOKS . .
LITERARY GOSSIP
of this book ? ' He is not interested in but as å teacher. " The author has an
SCIENCE - PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA; NOTICES OF the mere fact that in this author and in extraordinary habit of dwelling upon
NEW BOOKS; SOCIETIES; MEETINGS NEXT WEEK ;
that we have a unique expression of indi- accidental and unreal resemblances. There
FINE ARTS-AN ARCHITECTURAL ACCOUNT OF SHROP.
viduality; he is mainly interested to is some point in speaking of the Platonism
SHIRE CHURCH ES; NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS;
THE ROYAL ACADEMY; THE AUDLEY HARVEY
discover that an author's work favours of Wordsworth ; he bears only a super-
PICTURES; SALES ; GOSSIP
MUSIC-BROWNING AS THE POET OF MUSIC; GOSSIP;
the more generous virtues and springs ficial resemblance to the Stoics. His
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK
Pantheism has little in common with
DRAMA-GOSSIP . .
543 perfectly legitimate and not unprofitable the materialistic Pantheism of the Stoics.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
way of approaching literature ; but it is And to live according to Nature, as
also a limited one. It is that of the Wordsworth understood it, was wholly
cultured curate who finds in Tennyson different from the ascetic Stoic virtue
and Browning suitable thoughts for the (v karà púowv). The author makes
LITERATURE
weekday sermon. The advantage of a similar barren comparison between
this method of criticism is that it serves
Robert Browning and Bishop Butler. So
to propagate the common virtues ; the far as the formal articles of faith are
disadvantage of it is that it ignores concerned, they belong broadly to the
The Posthumous Essays of John Churton nearly all that is individual, unique, and same theological school; they both believe
Collins. Edited by L. C. Collins. (Dent characteristic in the great authors, con- in the existence of the soul after death,
& Sons. )
centrating attention on those qualities in life as a period of probation, and the
which they shared with their equally progressive development of the soul before
“What is at present the bane of criticism virtuous, but less distinguished fellow- death and after. But whilst Butler is
in this country? It is that practical con-
mortals.
siderations cling to it and stifle it. It
engaged upon the cold, logical analysis
subserves interests not its own. ”
“ It is a provoking and perplexing truth of theological doctrines, Browning, on
When Matthew Arnold wrote these words in relation to criticism [says Prof. Collins] the other hand, is mainly interested in the
he was thinking mainly, perhaps, of that none but an enthusiast can understand passion with which men perceive truths
political and religious considerations ; is the worst,"
an enthusiast, and of all critics an enthusiast and strive after them; and it is just
because he is interested in this passionate
but he would have equally included
human process
that he is a great poet
ethical considerations. Politics and re- This is no more than a half-truth, for
before he is a theologian.
ligion dominated the criticism of the it is the quality of a just critic to be an
Prof. Collins was a whole-hearted ad-
middle - Victorian era ; religion and enthusiast in respect of that which is
morality dominated that of the later worthy of enthusiasm, and to suppress mirer of Tennyson; and at a time when it
Victorian era ; and even to this day the enthusiasm for that which is falsely has become fashionable to give Tennyson
primarily ethical standard—whether it be praised. Prof. Collins was an enthusiast less than his due as a poet, it is pleasant
based on morality or not — is apt to for authors in so far as they were virtuous, to find a critic feeling for the great Vic-
assert itself in estimates of authors. We and for the most part indifferent to them torian the naive enthusiasm which he drew
might, perhaps, take the late Canon so far as they were concerned with non- from his contemporaries. At the same
Ainger as a type of the critic who in the moral interests. He admires Dr. Johnson time, it is following narrow issues to seek
later nineteenth century applied the because he was a “noble example of self- in poetry merely stay and a solace";
ethical test with severity to literature. subjugation, of heroic endurance, of duties to say of Tennyson that he was " a noble
We might notice that even so sound faithfully fulfilled, of honesty, sincerity, teacher,” that he was “as patriotic as
and discriminating a critic in the realm humanity. ” He grudgingly admits that Shakespeare,” that he was “a loyal and
of history as Lord Morley is prone to he was far indeed from being able to devoted son of England. ” This is an
give an emphasis to moral issues which supply us with everything we require in appeal to the gallery which should have
is opposed to the critical disinterestedness the way of guidance and admonition. " no place in a serious work of criticism.
of which Arnold speaks ; it is evident in
He was excellent in all the relations of It is open to any minor bard to be as
his book on Rousseau, still more in his life. He was an affectionate and dutiful patriotic as Shakespeare, and you can be
short Life' of Walpole.
son, a faithful and tender husband. ” Not a devoted son of England without learning
with eulogythe to
the narrow confines allotted to it by domestic virtue : "What he would have bourgeois view of poetry when, having
Matthew Arnold. For the moment we
are concerned with the fact that Prof. been as a father we may judge by his admitted that one of its functions is to
conduct to the children of others. "
please, he declares that its other function
Churton Collins belonged pre-eminently to
is to
the school condemned by the great critic.
This same criterion the Professor brings
“ teach us to solve the three great problems
He is one of those whose dicta lead us to to every author discussed in this volume :
of existence. What do we know-what
imagine that “practical (or moral] ends What will become more and more
must we do—for what may we hope ? "
are the first thing, and the play of mind detractive from Milton's influence as time
the second. " The accounts of his life goes on and the world sweeps more and We submit that this is not the true func-
which have been given since his unhappy
more into the broader day will be the hideous tion of a poet, and that, if he“ teaches
death show him to have been a man of and revolting anthropomorphism of much anything of the
kind, it is in his capacity
amiable and charming disposition, a
like that of the Greeks, sanely, soundly, as teacher, not in his capacity as poet.
stirring lecturer, a generous friend, and nobly symbolic, but often and more than There is nothing, indeed, in life which
a devoted student of literature. He was accidentally un-sane, unsound, not noble. ” may not be the proper subject matter of
>


## p. 524 (#394) ############################################

524
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4411, May 11, 1912
reason
“ the
66
as a
poetry, and moral issues must always occupants, acknowledged as aliens, are all looks the better for his holiday. . . . The
have a large and even dominant place in Eastern, viz. , “ thakur," Hindi ; "thamin” more, the merrier. ”
the poet's interests. Nevertheless a poet and thitsi,” Burmese ; Thammuz
Some of the subsections specify and illus--
is concerned primarily with perception, and “Thummim,” Hebrew; thar,
trate three or four groups of nouns which
not with conduct; it is his business to Nepalese ; and the obsolete thoral,'
illuminate life rather than to prescribe from Latin torus. Nobody is very likely certain conditions, or exceptionally. We
are preceded by “the” regularly, under
for it ; to reveal the finer issues, which are to question the propriety of classing these read of its use with names of rivers
unconnected with rules ; in other words, seven vocables as aliens, but we suspect . . . . of mountains, groups of islands, or
to endow life, through the medium of a that many are puzzled by the specimens regions, in the plural ;. . . . of places or
poetic form, with that quality which, for of “naturalized” words given above mountains in the singular, now only when
want of a better word, we call beauty. being classed with familiar modern English felt to be descriptive, as the Land's End
“ As patriotic as Shakespeare"! What words like terminus,' terminal,” and.