It appears to be nothing
more than the battle-cry personified, and occurs in what
appears to be a fragment of an old war-song.
more than the battle-cry personified, and occurs in what
appears to be a fragment of an old war-song.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
) -- IV.
COLO-
Ki. also called Colonia. Agrippinennt (Tac. , Hut. ,
\, 57; 4, 55), and on inscriptions Coloma Claudia
Avfust&Agnjrpincnsium, or simply Agrippina (Amm.
Marc. , 15, 8, 11), originally the chief town of the Ubii,
and called Oppidum Ubiorum. These are mentioned
by Cesar as a German nation, dwelling on the right
bank of the Rhine, who were afterward transferred to
th* left, or Gallic aide, by Agrippa. At this town
daughter of Germanicus, was born; and,
\
? when she had attained to the dignity of empress by
? srriage with Claudius, she sent hither a military col-
ony. A. C. 50, and caused the place to be named after
bsrself It soon became large and wealthy, and was
adomej with a temple of Mara. The inhabitants re-
ceived the jo* Italicum. It answers to the modern
Kobt or Cologne. (Tac. , Ann. , 1, 35; 12, 27. -- Id. ,
Hut. , 4, 28; 1, 57; 4, 55. -- Dim Cumuli, 48, 49. )
ACRIFPINDS, bishop of Carthage, of venerable mem-
ory, but known for being the first to maintain the neces-
sity of rebaptizing all heretics. ( Vincent. Linn. , Com-
mnut . 1, 9. ) St. Cyprian regarded this opinion as the
correction of an error (St. Aufiutin. , De Baptismo, 2,
7, vol. 9, p. 103, eil. Bened. ), and St. Augustine seems
to imply he defended his error in writing. (Epttt. , 93,
c. 10. ) He held the council of seventy bishops at
Carthage, about A. D. 200 ( Vulg. A. D. 21f>, Mans.
A. D. 217), on the subject of Baptism. Though he er-
red in a matter yet undefined by the Church, St. Au-
gustine notices that neither he nor St. Cyprian thought
of separating from the Church. (De Baptismo, 3, 1,
p. 109. ) -- II. Paconius, whose father was put to death
by Tiberius on a charge of treason. (Suet. , Tib. , 61. )
Agnppinus was accused at the same time as Thrasea,
A-D. 67, and was banished from Italy. (Tac. , Ann. ,
16, 28, 29, 33. ) He was a Stoic philosopher, and is
? poken of with praise by Epictctus (ap. Slob. , Scrm. ,
7), and Arrian (1, 1).
AGEIUS ('\fpiof), I. a son of Porthaon and Euryte,
and brother of CEneus, king of Calydon, in . 1 ;ioli:i,
AJcatbous, Melas. Leucopeus, and Sterope. He was
/atherofnx sons, of whom Thersites was one. These
? ? foam ofAgrius deprived CEneus of his kingdom, and
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? AGR
AJA
try. When the ^Etolians attempted to compel the
Medionians to join their confederacy, Agron undertook
to protect them, having been induced to do so by a
large bribe which he received from Demetrius, the fa-
ther of Philip. He accordingly sent to their assistance
a force of 5000 Illyrians, who gained a decisive victory
over the ? Etolians. Agron, overjoyed at the news of
this success, gave himself up to feasting, and, in con-
sequence of his excess, contracted a pleurisy, of which
he died (B. C. 231). He was succeeded in the gov-
ernment by his wife Teuta. Just after his death, an
embassy arrived from the Romans, who had sent to
mediate in behalf of the inhabitants of the island of Issa,
who had revolted from Agron, and placed themselves
tinder the protection of the Romans. By his first wife,
Tritcuta, whom he divorced, he had a son named Pin-
nes, or Pinneus, who survived him, and was placed un-
der the guardianship of Demetrius Pharius, who mar-
ried his mother after the death of Tcuta. (Dion Cass. ,
34, 46, 151 --Polyb. , 2, 8-4. --Appian, III. , l. --Flor. ,
2, 5. -- Pirn. , H. N. , 34, 6. ) --III. Son of Eumelus,
frandson of Mcrops, lived with his sisters, Byssa and
leropis, in the island of Cos. They worshipped the
earth, as the giver of the fruits of harvest, without pay-
ing regard to any other deity. When they were invi-
ted to the festival of Minerva, the brother replied that
the black eyes of his sisters would not please the
blue-eyed goddess, and that, for himself, the owl was
an object of aversion. If desired to offer sacrifice to
Mercury, he declared that he would show no honour
to a thief. At the sacrifices of Diana he did not ap-
pear, because that goddess roamed abroad the whole
night long. Provoked at this conduct, Minerva, Diana,
and Mercury came to their dwelling, the latter as a
shepherd, the two goddesses as maidens, to invite Eu-
melus and Agron to a sacrifice to Mercury, and the sis-
ters to the grove of Minerva and Diana. When, how-
ever, Meropis reviled Minerva, she and her sisters were
changed into birds, together with Agron, who attempt-
ed to seize upon the divinities, and Eumelus, who
heaped reproaches upon Mercury for the metamorpho-
sis of his son. The legend makes Meropis to have been
changed into a small bird of the owl kind: Byssa re-
tained her name, and became, as a species of sea-fowl,
the bird of Leucothea: Agron became the bird Chara-
drius. (Anton. Lib. , 15. )
AgrSlas, surrounded the citadel of Athens with
walls, except that part which was afterward repaired by
Cimon. (Pausan. , 1, 28. ) We have here one of the
old traditions respecting the Pclasgic race. Agrolas
was aided in the work by his brother Hyperbius, both
of them Pelasgi. According to Pausanias (/. c), they
came, originally from Sicily. It is more than proba-
ble, however, that the names in question arc those of
two leaders or two tribes, and that the work was ex-
ecuted under their orders The wall erected on this
occasion was styled Pclargicon, and the builders of it
would seem to have erected also a town or small set-
tlement for themselves, which afterward became part
of the Acropolis. (Compare Stebelis, ad Pausan. , 1,
28. --Miller, Gesch. Hellen. Stdmmc, etc. , vol. 1, p.
440. )
Agrotera, I. an annual festival, celebrated at
Athens to Diana Agrotera. ('Apre/itii 'Kyporipg). It
was instituted by Callimachus the polemarch, in con-
sequence of a vow made by him before the battle of
Marathon, that he would sacrifice to the goddess as
? ? many yearling she-goats (xtftaipae) as there might be
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? AID
A/ai and Ulysses disputed their claims to the arms of
the hero. When they were given to the latter, Ajax
became so infuriated, that, in a fit of delirium, he
slaughtered ail the sheep in the camp, under the delu-
sion that bis rival and the Atridaj, who had'favoured
the cause of the former, were the objects of his attack.
When reason returned, Aju, from mortification and
despair, put an end to his existence, by stabbing him-
self to the heart. The sword which he used as the
instrument of his death had been received by him from
Hector in exchange fox* the baldric, and thus, by a sin-
gular fatality, the present mutually conferred contrib-
uted to their mutual destruction. The blood which
ran to the ground from the wound produced the flower
kyacintkus, of a red colour, and on the petal of which
may be traced lines, imitating the form of the letters
AI, the first and second of the Greek name AIA?
(Ajaz). The Sower here meant appears to bo iden-
tical with the LUrum JWartagon (" Imperial Martagon"),
and not the ordinary hyacinth. (Fee, Flore tie Virgilc,
p. Ixvii. )--Some authorities give a different account
of the cause of his death, and make the Palladium to
have been the subject of dispute between Ajax and
Ulysses, and state also that Ulysses, in concert with
Agamemnon, caused Ajax to be assassinated. The
Greeks erected a tomb over his remains on the pro-
montory of Rhmteum, which was visited in a later
age by Alexander the Great. Sophocles has made the
dqath of Ajax the subject of one of his tragedies. Ac-
cording to the plot of this piece, the rites of sepulture
are at first refused to the corpse of Ajax, but afterward
allowed through the intercession of Ulysses. Ajax is
the Homeric type of great valour, unaccompanied by
any corresponding powers of intellect. Ulysses, on
the other hand, typifies great intellect, unaccompanied
by an equal degree of heroic valour, although he is
far, at the same time, from being a coward. {Horn. , II. ,
fassim. -- ApoUotl. , 3, 12. 7. -- Ovid, Mel. , 13, 1,
scqq. )--II. The son of Oileus, king of Locris, was
rarnamed Locrian, in contradistinction to the son of
Telamon. The term Narycian was also applied to
him from his birthplace, the Locrian town Narycium,
or Naryx. He went with forty ships to the Trojan war,
as being one of Helen's suitors. Homer describes
him as small of size, particularly dexterous in the use
of the lance, but as remarkable for brutality and cru-
elty. The night that Troy was taken, he offered vio-
lence to Cassandra, who had fled into Minerva's tem-
ple; and for this offence, as he returned home, the
goddess, who had obtained the thunders of Jupiter,
and the power of tempests from Neptune, destroyed
hU ship in a storm. Ajax swam to a rock, and said
that he was safe in spite of all the gods. Such im-
piety offended Neptune, who struck the rock with his
trident, and Ajax tumbled into the sea with part of
the rock, and was drowned. His body was afterward
found by the Greeks, and black sheep offered on his
tomb According to Virgil's account, Minerva seized
him in a whirlwind, and dashed him against a rock,
where be expired consumed by the flame of the light-
ning. (Horn. , B. , 2, 627, &c -- Virg. , jEn. , 1, 43,
scqq. --Hygin. , Fab. , 116, <Scc. )
Aidoxevs, ('Aidtii'^T. 'f), I. a surname of Pluto. It
b only another form for 'Ai<5;/r, "the invisible one. "
--II. A king of the Thesprotians in Epirus, who de-
feated the forces of Theseus and Pirithous, when the
two latter had marched against him for the purpose
of carrying off hi>> wife Proserpina. Pirithous was
? ? torn to pieces by Cerberus, the monarch's dog, while
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? ALA
ALB
Alagonia, a town of Messenia, distant about thirty
stadia from Gerenia. Pausanias (3, 26) notices its
temples of Bacchus and Diana.
Alala, an appellation given to Bellona, the goddess
of war and sister of Mars.
It appears to be nothing
more than the battle-cry personified, and occurs in what
appears to be a fragment of an old war-song. (Plut. ,
de Frat. Am. , p. 483, c. )
Alalcomkn^e, I. a city of Bosotia, near the Lake
Copais, and to the southeast of Clueronea. It was
celebrated for the worship of Minerva, thence surna-
med Alalcomeneis. (Strab. , 410 and 413. --Compare
Hcyne, ad Horn. , II. , 4, 8, and Miiller, Gesch. Hctlcn.
Stamme, &c, vol. 1, p. 70. ) The temple of the god-
dess was plundered and stripped of its statues by Sylla.
(Pausan. , 9, 33. ) It is said, that when Thebes was
taken by the Epigoni, many of the inhabitants retired
to Alalcomenffi, as being held sacred and inviolable.
(Strab. , 413. --Stcph. Byz. , s. v. 'hXaAKopcviav. ) The
ruins of this place, according to Sir W. Gell (Ilin. , p.
162), are observable near the village of Sulinara, on
a projecting knoll, on which there is some little appear-
ance of a small ancient establishment or town; and
higher up may be discovered a wall or peribolus, of
ancient and massive polygons, founded upon the solid
rock. This is probably the site of the temple of the
AlalcomenianMinerva. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 2,
p. 236. )--II. A town, situate on a small island oil'the
coast of Acamania, between Ithaca and Cephallenia.
The name of the island was Asteris, and it is the place
where Homer describes the suitors as lying in wait
for Telcmachus on his return from Sparta and Pylos.
(Horn. , Od. , 4,844--Compare Strabo, 456. ) Plutarch,
however, speaks of Alalcomenae as being in Ithaca.
(Mr. Alex. , ap. Plut. , Quart. Grac. ) Stephanus By-
zantinus writes it Alcomcnre.
Alalcomenia. Vid. Supplement.
Alalia, a city of Corsica. Vid. Aleria.
Alamanni. Vid. Alemanni.
Alani, a Scythian race, occupying the regions be-
tween the Rha and the Tanais. Their name and man-
ners, however, would appear to have been also diffused
over the wide extent of their conquests. (Compare
Balbi, Introduction a I'Atlas Ethnographique, vol. 1,
p. 116. The Agathyrsi and Geloni were numbered
among their vassals. Towards the north their power
extended into the regions of Siberia, and their southern
inroads were pushed as far as the confines of Persia
and India. They were conquered eventually by the
Huns. A part of the vanquished nation thereupon took
refuge in the mountains of Caucasus. Another band
advanced towards the shores of the Baltic, associated
themselves with the northern tribes of Germany, and
shared the spoil of the Roman provinces of Gaul and
Spain. But the greatest part of the Alani united with
their conquerors, the Huns, and proceeded along with
them to invade the limits of the Gothic empire. (Amm.
Marcell. , 21, 19. --id. , 23, i. --Plol. , 6, 14. )
Alaricus, in German Al-ric, i. e. , all rich, king of
the Visigoths, remarkable as being the first of the bar-
barian chiefs who entered and sacked the city of Rome,
and the first enemy who had appeared before its walls
since the time of Hannibal. His first appearance in
history is in A. B. 394, when he was invested by Thc-
odosius with the command of the Gothic auxiliaries in
his war with Eugenius. In 396, partly from anger at
being refused the command of the armies of the East-
? ? ern Empire, partly at the instigation of Rufinus, he in-
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? Wl
{^
_ the Colonna family,
lake, and some distance
** -*4>>c. Italy, vol. 2, p.
*>t>>>>erves JViebuhr, "where
1 ^V^*20*' between the upper part
""*? . is^still distinctly marked:
r. > < k is cut away under it
w. u. . -- . traces of man's ordering
U are more anewsyrt. than Rome. The surface of the
hie. asitlusta<<n determined by the tunnel, now lies
fir bejond uis ancient city; When Alba was stand-
ug, and before the lake swelled to a ruinous height in
consequence ot obstructions in clefts of the rock, it
mast ha>>e \ain jet lower; lor in the age of Diodorus
and Dionysius, daring extraordinary droughts, the re-
mauu of spacious buildings might be seen at the bot-
tom, taken by the common people for the palace of
an impious king which had been swallowed up. (ffie-
takr't Rom. Hist. , vol. 1, p. 168, icqq. , Cambridge
trxiui)--The line of the Alban kings is given as fol-
loirs: 1. Ascanius, reigned 8 years; 2. Sylvius Post-
humus, 29 years; 3. . Ku<> i* Sylvius. 31 years; 4.
Latimu, 5 years; 5. Alba Sylvius, 38 years; 6. Atys
or Capetus. 26 years; 7. Capys, 28 years; 8. Calpe-
ttti, 13 years; 9. Tiberinus, 8 years; 10. Agrippa,
33years; 11. Remulus, 19 years; 12. Aventinus,37
yean; 13. Procas, 13 years; 14. Numitor and Amu-
l. u* The destruction of Alba took place, according
to the common acount, 665 B. C. , when the inhabitants
were carried to Rome. "The list of the Alban kings,"
wsnarks Niebuhr, " is a very late and extremely clum-
sy fabrication; a medley of names, in part quite un-
it-man, some of them repeated from earlier or later
time*, others framed out of geographical names; and
having scarcely anything of a story connected with
them. We are told that Livy took this list from L.
Cornelius Alexander the Polyhistor (Sera, ad Virg. ,
? *, 8, 330); hence it is probable that this client of
the dictator Sylla introduced the imposture into his-
tory. Even the variations in the lists are not very
important, and do not at all prove that there were sev-
eral ancient sources. Some names may have occur-
red in older traditions: kings of the Aborigines were
ib-i mentioned by name (Stercenius, for instance, un-
less it be a false reading. ---Sera, ad Virg. , JEn. , 11,
850). entirely different from those of Alba. In the
case of the latter, even the years of each reign arc num-
bered; and the number so exactly fills up the interval
between the tall of Troy and the founding of Rome,
according to the canon of Eratosthenes, as of itself to
prove the lateness of the imposture. " (Niebuhr't
Rao- Hat. , vol. Up. 170, Cambridge trawl. ) -- III.
Docilia. a city of Liguria, now Albizzola. --IV. Fucen-
tia or Fncensis, a city of the Marsi, near the northern
shore of the Lake Fucinus, whence its name. It was
a strong and secluded place, and appears to have been
? ejected by the Roman senate, after it became a colony
of Rome, A. U. C. 450. as a fit place of residence for
captives of rank and consequence, as well as for noto-
rious offenders. (Strab. , 241. --Compare LID. , 10, 1,
and Veil. Paterc. , 1, 14. ) Syphax was long detained
Sere, though finally he was removed to Tibur (Liv. ,
30, 45); as were also Perses, king of Macedon, and
Ms son Alexander. (. Lev. , 45, 52. --Veil. Palerc. , 1,
II. -- Vol. Max. , 5, 1. ) At the time of Ctesar's in-
vasion of his country, we find Alba adhering to the
eaue of Pompey (C<z*. , Bell. Civ. , 1, 15), and subse-
? ? funtly repelling the attack of Antony; on which <>,. --
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? ALB
ALB
that wonderful subterraneous canal,orcmissario. as the
Italians call it, which is to be seen at this very day, in
remarkable preservation, below the town of Cast el
Gandolfo. This channel is said to be carried through
the rock for the space of a mile and a half, and the
water which it discharges unites with the Tiber about
five miles below Rome. (Cic. , de Dtv. , 1,44. --Lit. , 5,
15. --Vol. Max. , 1,6. -- Plut.
Ki. also called Colonia. Agrippinennt (Tac. , Hut. ,
\, 57; 4, 55), and on inscriptions Coloma Claudia
Avfust&Agnjrpincnsium, or simply Agrippina (Amm.
Marc. , 15, 8, 11), originally the chief town of the Ubii,
and called Oppidum Ubiorum. These are mentioned
by Cesar as a German nation, dwelling on the right
bank of the Rhine, who were afterward transferred to
th* left, or Gallic aide, by Agrippa. At this town
daughter of Germanicus, was born; and,
\
? when she had attained to the dignity of empress by
? srriage with Claudius, she sent hither a military col-
ony. A. C. 50, and caused the place to be named after
bsrself It soon became large and wealthy, and was
adomej with a temple of Mara. The inhabitants re-
ceived the jo* Italicum. It answers to the modern
Kobt or Cologne. (Tac. , Ann. , 1, 35; 12, 27. -- Id. ,
Hut. , 4, 28; 1, 57; 4, 55. -- Dim Cumuli, 48, 49. )
ACRIFPINDS, bishop of Carthage, of venerable mem-
ory, but known for being the first to maintain the neces-
sity of rebaptizing all heretics. ( Vincent. Linn. , Com-
mnut . 1, 9. ) St. Cyprian regarded this opinion as the
correction of an error (St. Aufiutin. , De Baptismo, 2,
7, vol. 9, p. 103, eil. Bened. ), and St. Augustine seems
to imply he defended his error in writing. (Epttt. , 93,
c. 10. ) He held the council of seventy bishops at
Carthage, about A. D. 200 ( Vulg. A. D. 21f>, Mans.
A. D. 217), on the subject of Baptism. Though he er-
red in a matter yet undefined by the Church, St. Au-
gustine notices that neither he nor St. Cyprian thought
of separating from the Church. (De Baptismo, 3, 1,
p. 109. ) -- II. Paconius, whose father was put to death
by Tiberius on a charge of treason. (Suet. , Tib. , 61. )
Agnppinus was accused at the same time as Thrasea,
A-D. 67, and was banished from Italy. (Tac. , Ann. ,
16, 28, 29, 33. ) He was a Stoic philosopher, and is
? poken of with praise by Epictctus (ap. Slob. , Scrm. ,
7), and Arrian (1, 1).
AGEIUS ('\fpiof), I. a son of Porthaon and Euryte,
and brother of CEneus, king of Calydon, in . 1 ;ioli:i,
AJcatbous, Melas. Leucopeus, and Sterope. He was
/atherofnx sons, of whom Thersites was one. These
? ? foam ofAgrius deprived CEneus of his kingdom, and
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? AGR
AJA
try. When the ^Etolians attempted to compel the
Medionians to join their confederacy, Agron undertook
to protect them, having been induced to do so by a
large bribe which he received from Demetrius, the fa-
ther of Philip. He accordingly sent to their assistance
a force of 5000 Illyrians, who gained a decisive victory
over the ? Etolians. Agron, overjoyed at the news of
this success, gave himself up to feasting, and, in con-
sequence of his excess, contracted a pleurisy, of which
he died (B. C. 231). He was succeeded in the gov-
ernment by his wife Teuta. Just after his death, an
embassy arrived from the Romans, who had sent to
mediate in behalf of the inhabitants of the island of Issa,
who had revolted from Agron, and placed themselves
tinder the protection of the Romans. By his first wife,
Tritcuta, whom he divorced, he had a son named Pin-
nes, or Pinneus, who survived him, and was placed un-
der the guardianship of Demetrius Pharius, who mar-
ried his mother after the death of Tcuta. (Dion Cass. ,
34, 46, 151 --Polyb. , 2, 8-4. --Appian, III. , l. --Flor. ,
2, 5. -- Pirn. , H. N. , 34, 6. ) --III. Son of Eumelus,
frandson of Mcrops, lived with his sisters, Byssa and
leropis, in the island of Cos. They worshipped the
earth, as the giver of the fruits of harvest, without pay-
ing regard to any other deity. When they were invi-
ted to the festival of Minerva, the brother replied that
the black eyes of his sisters would not please the
blue-eyed goddess, and that, for himself, the owl was
an object of aversion. If desired to offer sacrifice to
Mercury, he declared that he would show no honour
to a thief. At the sacrifices of Diana he did not ap-
pear, because that goddess roamed abroad the whole
night long. Provoked at this conduct, Minerva, Diana,
and Mercury came to their dwelling, the latter as a
shepherd, the two goddesses as maidens, to invite Eu-
melus and Agron to a sacrifice to Mercury, and the sis-
ters to the grove of Minerva and Diana. When, how-
ever, Meropis reviled Minerva, she and her sisters were
changed into birds, together with Agron, who attempt-
ed to seize upon the divinities, and Eumelus, who
heaped reproaches upon Mercury for the metamorpho-
sis of his son. The legend makes Meropis to have been
changed into a small bird of the owl kind: Byssa re-
tained her name, and became, as a species of sea-fowl,
the bird of Leucothea: Agron became the bird Chara-
drius. (Anton. Lib. , 15. )
AgrSlas, surrounded the citadel of Athens with
walls, except that part which was afterward repaired by
Cimon. (Pausan. , 1, 28. ) We have here one of the
old traditions respecting the Pclasgic race. Agrolas
was aided in the work by his brother Hyperbius, both
of them Pelasgi. According to Pausanias (/. c), they
came, originally from Sicily. It is more than proba-
ble, however, that the names in question arc those of
two leaders or two tribes, and that the work was ex-
ecuted under their orders The wall erected on this
occasion was styled Pclargicon, and the builders of it
would seem to have erected also a town or small set-
tlement for themselves, which afterward became part
of the Acropolis. (Compare Stebelis, ad Pausan. , 1,
28. --Miller, Gesch. Hellen. Stdmmc, etc. , vol. 1, p.
440. )
Agrotera, I. an annual festival, celebrated at
Athens to Diana Agrotera. ('Apre/itii 'Kyporipg). It
was instituted by Callimachus the polemarch, in con-
sequence of a vow made by him before the battle of
Marathon, that he would sacrifice to the goddess as
? ? many yearling she-goats (xtftaipae) as there might be
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? AID
A/ai and Ulysses disputed their claims to the arms of
the hero. When they were given to the latter, Ajax
became so infuriated, that, in a fit of delirium, he
slaughtered ail the sheep in the camp, under the delu-
sion that bis rival and the Atridaj, who had'favoured
the cause of the former, were the objects of his attack.
When reason returned, Aju, from mortification and
despair, put an end to his existence, by stabbing him-
self to the heart. The sword which he used as the
instrument of his death had been received by him from
Hector in exchange fox* the baldric, and thus, by a sin-
gular fatality, the present mutually conferred contrib-
uted to their mutual destruction. The blood which
ran to the ground from the wound produced the flower
kyacintkus, of a red colour, and on the petal of which
may be traced lines, imitating the form of the letters
AI, the first and second of the Greek name AIA?
(Ajaz). The Sower here meant appears to bo iden-
tical with the LUrum JWartagon (" Imperial Martagon"),
and not the ordinary hyacinth. (Fee, Flore tie Virgilc,
p. Ixvii. )--Some authorities give a different account
of the cause of his death, and make the Palladium to
have been the subject of dispute between Ajax and
Ulysses, and state also that Ulysses, in concert with
Agamemnon, caused Ajax to be assassinated. The
Greeks erected a tomb over his remains on the pro-
montory of Rhmteum, which was visited in a later
age by Alexander the Great. Sophocles has made the
dqath of Ajax the subject of one of his tragedies. Ac-
cording to the plot of this piece, the rites of sepulture
are at first refused to the corpse of Ajax, but afterward
allowed through the intercession of Ulysses. Ajax is
the Homeric type of great valour, unaccompanied by
any corresponding powers of intellect. Ulysses, on
the other hand, typifies great intellect, unaccompanied
by an equal degree of heroic valour, although he is
far, at the same time, from being a coward. {Horn. , II. ,
fassim. -- ApoUotl. , 3, 12. 7. -- Ovid, Mel. , 13, 1,
scqq. )--II. The son of Oileus, king of Locris, was
rarnamed Locrian, in contradistinction to the son of
Telamon. The term Narycian was also applied to
him from his birthplace, the Locrian town Narycium,
or Naryx. He went with forty ships to the Trojan war,
as being one of Helen's suitors. Homer describes
him as small of size, particularly dexterous in the use
of the lance, but as remarkable for brutality and cru-
elty. The night that Troy was taken, he offered vio-
lence to Cassandra, who had fled into Minerva's tem-
ple; and for this offence, as he returned home, the
goddess, who had obtained the thunders of Jupiter,
and the power of tempests from Neptune, destroyed
hU ship in a storm. Ajax swam to a rock, and said
that he was safe in spite of all the gods. Such im-
piety offended Neptune, who struck the rock with his
trident, and Ajax tumbled into the sea with part of
the rock, and was drowned. His body was afterward
found by the Greeks, and black sheep offered on his
tomb According to Virgil's account, Minerva seized
him in a whirlwind, and dashed him against a rock,
where be expired consumed by the flame of the light-
ning. (Horn. , B. , 2, 627, &c -- Virg. , jEn. , 1, 43,
scqq. --Hygin. , Fab. , 116, <Scc. )
Aidoxevs, ('Aidtii'^T. 'f), I. a surname of Pluto. It
b only another form for 'Ai<5;/r, "the invisible one. "
--II. A king of the Thesprotians in Epirus, who de-
feated the forces of Theseus and Pirithous, when the
two latter had marched against him for the purpose
of carrying off hi>> wife Proserpina. Pirithous was
? ? torn to pieces by Cerberus, the monarch's dog, while
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? ALA
ALB
Alagonia, a town of Messenia, distant about thirty
stadia from Gerenia. Pausanias (3, 26) notices its
temples of Bacchus and Diana.
Alala, an appellation given to Bellona, the goddess
of war and sister of Mars.
It appears to be nothing
more than the battle-cry personified, and occurs in what
appears to be a fragment of an old war-song. (Plut. ,
de Frat. Am. , p. 483, c. )
Alalcomkn^e, I. a city of Bosotia, near the Lake
Copais, and to the southeast of Clueronea. It was
celebrated for the worship of Minerva, thence surna-
med Alalcomeneis. (Strab. , 410 and 413. --Compare
Hcyne, ad Horn. , II. , 4, 8, and Miiller, Gesch. Hctlcn.
Stamme, &c, vol. 1, p. 70. ) The temple of the god-
dess was plundered and stripped of its statues by Sylla.
(Pausan. , 9, 33. ) It is said, that when Thebes was
taken by the Epigoni, many of the inhabitants retired
to Alalcomenffi, as being held sacred and inviolable.
(Strab. , 413. --Stcph. Byz. , s. v. 'hXaAKopcviav. ) The
ruins of this place, according to Sir W. Gell (Ilin. , p.
162), are observable near the village of Sulinara, on
a projecting knoll, on which there is some little appear-
ance of a small ancient establishment or town; and
higher up may be discovered a wall or peribolus, of
ancient and massive polygons, founded upon the solid
rock. This is probably the site of the temple of the
AlalcomenianMinerva. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 2,
p. 236. )--II. A town, situate on a small island oil'the
coast of Acamania, between Ithaca and Cephallenia.
The name of the island was Asteris, and it is the place
where Homer describes the suitors as lying in wait
for Telcmachus on his return from Sparta and Pylos.
(Horn. , Od. , 4,844--Compare Strabo, 456. ) Plutarch,
however, speaks of Alalcomenae as being in Ithaca.
(Mr. Alex. , ap. Plut. , Quart. Grac. ) Stephanus By-
zantinus writes it Alcomcnre.
Alalcomenia. Vid. Supplement.
Alalia, a city of Corsica. Vid. Aleria.
Alamanni. Vid. Alemanni.
Alani, a Scythian race, occupying the regions be-
tween the Rha and the Tanais. Their name and man-
ners, however, would appear to have been also diffused
over the wide extent of their conquests. (Compare
Balbi, Introduction a I'Atlas Ethnographique, vol. 1,
p. 116. The Agathyrsi and Geloni were numbered
among their vassals. Towards the north their power
extended into the regions of Siberia, and their southern
inroads were pushed as far as the confines of Persia
and India. They were conquered eventually by the
Huns. A part of the vanquished nation thereupon took
refuge in the mountains of Caucasus. Another band
advanced towards the shores of the Baltic, associated
themselves with the northern tribes of Germany, and
shared the spoil of the Roman provinces of Gaul and
Spain. But the greatest part of the Alani united with
their conquerors, the Huns, and proceeded along with
them to invade the limits of the Gothic empire. (Amm.
Marcell. , 21, 19. --id. , 23, i. --Plol. , 6, 14. )
Alaricus, in German Al-ric, i. e. , all rich, king of
the Visigoths, remarkable as being the first of the bar-
barian chiefs who entered and sacked the city of Rome,
and the first enemy who had appeared before its walls
since the time of Hannibal. His first appearance in
history is in A. B. 394, when he was invested by Thc-
odosius with the command of the Gothic auxiliaries in
his war with Eugenius. In 396, partly from anger at
being refused the command of the armies of the East-
? ? ern Empire, partly at the instigation of Rufinus, he in-
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? Wl
{^
_ the Colonna family,
lake, and some distance
** -*4>>c. Italy, vol. 2, p.
*>t>>>>erves JViebuhr, "where
1 ^V^*20*' between the upper part
""*? . is^still distinctly marked:
r. > < k is cut away under it
w. u. . -- . traces of man's ordering
U are more anewsyrt. than Rome. The surface of the
hie. asitlusta<<n determined by the tunnel, now lies
fir bejond uis ancient city; When Alba was stand-
ug, and before the lake swelled to a ruinous height in
consequence ot obstructions in clefts of the rock, it
mast ha>>e \ain jet lower; lor in the age of Diodorus
and Dionysius, daring extraordinary droughts, the re-
mauu of spacious buildings might be seen at the bot-
tom, taken by the common people for the palace of
an impious king which had been swallowed up. (ffie-
takr't Rom. Hist. , vol. 1, p. 168, icqq. , Cambridge
trxiui)--The line of the Alban kings is given as fol-
loirs: 1. Ascanius, reigned 8 years; 2. Sylvius Post-
humus, 29 years; 3. . Ku<> i* Sylvius. 31 years; 4.
Latimu, 5 years; 5. Alba Sylvius, 38 years; 6. Atys
or Capetus. 26 years; 7. Capys, 28 years; 8. Calpe-
ttti, 13 years; 9. Tiberinus, 8 years; 10. Agrippa,
33years; 11. Remulus, 19 years; 12. Aventinus,37
yean; 13. Procas, 13 years; 14. Numitor and Amu-
l. u* The destruction of Alba took place, according
to the common acount, 665 B. C. , when the inhabitants
were carried to Rome. "The list of the Alban kings,"
wsnarks Niebuhr, " is a very late and extremely clum-
sy fabrication; a medley of names, in part quite un-
it-man, some of them repeated from earlier or later
time*, others framed out of geographical names; and
having scarcely anything of a story connected with
them. We are told that Livy took this list from L.
Cornelius Alexander the Polyhistor (Sera, ad Virg. ,
? *, 8, 330); hence it is probable that this client of
the dictator Sylla introduced the imposture into his-
tory. Even the variations in the lists are not very
important, and do not at all prove that there were sev-
eral ancient sources. Some names may have occur-
red in older traditions: kings of the Aborigines were
ib-i mentioned by name (Stercenius, for instance, un-
less it be a false reading. ---Sera, ad Virg. , JEn. , 11,
850). entirely different from those of Alba. In the
case of the latter, even the years of each reign arc num-
bered; and the number so exactly fills up the interval
between the tall of Troy and the founding of Rome,
according to the canon of Eratosthenes, as of itself to
prove the lateness of the imposture. " (Niebuhr't
Rao- Hat. , vol. Up. 170, Cambridge trawl. ) -- III.
Docilia. a city of Liguria, now Albizzola. --IV. Fucen-
tia or Fncensis, a city of the Marsi, near the northern
shore of the Lake Fucinus, whence its name. It was
a strong and secluded place, and appears to have been
? ejected by the Roman senate, after it became a colony
of Rome, A. U. C. 450. as a fit place of residence for
captives of rank and consequence, as well as for noto-
rious offenders. (Strab. , 241. --Compare LID. , 10, 1,
and Veil. Paterc. , 1, 14. ) Syphax was long detained
Sere, though finally he was removed to Tibur (Liv. ,
30, 45); as were also Perses, king of Macedon, and
Ms son Alexander. (. Lev. , 45, 52. --Veil. Palerc. , 1,
II. -- Vol. Max. , 5, 1. ) At the time of Ctesar's in-
vasion of his country, we find Alba adhering to the
eaue of Pompey (C<z*. , Bell. Civ. , 1, 15), and subse-
? ? funtly repelling the attack of Antony; on which <>,. --
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? ALB
ALB
that wonderful subterraneous canal,orcmissario. as the
Italians call it, which is to be seen at this very day, in
remarkable preservation, below the town of Cast el
Gandolfo. This channel is said to be carried through
the rock for the space of a mile and a half, and the
water which it discharges unites with the Tiber about
five miles below Rome. (Cic. , de Dtv. , 1,44. --Lit. , 5,
15. --Vol. Max. , 1,6. -- Plut.
