Milichus was
liberally
rewarded by the SCAEVOLA, MU'CIUS.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
276).
He is very probably war against the sons of Pompey in B.
C.
45, when
identical with the following, though Mionnet con- he came to Rome with Caesar, and was made by
siders him to be distinct.
the latter tribune of the plebs for the following
6. SAUROMATES VI. , a contemporary of the year. In the troubles following Caesar's death,
emperor Diocletian. No coins are extant of this Saxa took an active part in supporting the friends
prince, and our knowledge of his reign is derived of his murdered patron. He attached himself to
bolely from Constantine Porphyrogenitus, who M. Antonius, and served under him as centurion
informs us that he took advantage of the weakness in the siege of Mutina. In B. c. 42, Saxa and
of the Roman empire to raise a large army among Norbanus were sent by Antonius and Octavianus
the Sarmatian tribes, with which he invaded to Macedonia, with eight legions. They took pos-
Colchis, ravaged that country and the whole of session of the mountain-passes beyond Philippi, in
Pontus, and advanced as far as the river Halys. order to stop the march of Brutus and Cassius, but
Here, however, he was met by the Roman ge. the latter changed their route and arrived safely at
neral Constantius, who held him in check, while Philippi. Saxa and Norbanus now fell back upon
Chrestus, king of Cherson, at the instigation of Amphipolis
, and confined themselves to the defen-
Diocletian, invaded the kingdom of Bosporus, and sive, as the forces of the enemy far outnumbered
actually made himself master of its capital city. their own. After the defeat of Brutus and Cassius
Sauromates in consequence found himself obliged Saxa accompanied Antony to the East, and was
to purchase peace and the restitution of his capital
, made by the latter governor of Syria. Soon after
by giving up all his prisoners, as well as aban- his appointment the younger Labienus invaded
doning his conquests. This expedition appears to Syria (B. C. 40), at the head of a powerful Parthian
have taken place in A. D. 291. (Const
. Por- army, and defeated Saxa, who fled from his camp
phyrog. de Administ. Imper. c. 63, pp. 244—249, in the course of the same night, fearing that his
ed. Bonn. )
soldiers would go over to Labienus. He had in-
7. SAUROMATES VII. , a grandson of the pre-tended to take refuge in Antioch ; but hearing that
ceding, ascended the throne after the accession of the important town of Apameia had fallen into the
hands of Labienus, he did not venture to go to
It must be observed that the years reckoned Antioch, but continued his flight towards Cilicia.
from the Bosporan era, began in the summer, so He was, however, overtaken by the troops of La-
that the same date would correspond to two bienus, and put to death by them. One account
calendar years. As Commodus did not reign alone states that he killed himself to avoid falling into
before the spring of A. D. 180, the above coin their power. (Caes. B. C. i. 66 ; Cic. Phil. riii.
cannot have been struck previous to that date. | 3, ix. 26, x, 10, xi. 5, xii. 8, xiii. 13, xiv. 4 ; Dion
## p. 731 (#747) ############################################
SCAEVOLA.
731
SCAEVOLA.
Cass. xlvii. 35, 36, xlviii. 24, 25 ; Appian, B. C. | Digest, 32. s. 39, in which the expression “ Impe-
iv. 87, v. 102-107, Syr. 51 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 78 ; rator noster Divus Marcus” occurs, see the note in
Liv. Epit. 127 ; Flor. iv. 9. )
Zimmern (Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts, vol. i.
2. The brother of the preceding, served under p. 360, No. 7).
him as quaestor, in Syria, and had the command, Septimius Severus, afterwards emperor, and the
as it appears, of the town of A pameia, which he jurist Papinian, were the hearers of Scaevola (Spar-
continued to keep while all the surrounding gar- tian. Caracalla, 8). He appears to have been
risons surrendered to Labienus, till he heard a living when Septimius was emperor and Paulus
report of the death of his brother, when he like- was active as a jurist (Dig. 28. tit. 2. s. 19); and
wise surrendered Antioch. (Dion Cass. xlviii. 25. ) in one passage (Dig. 44. tit. 3. s. 14) he speaks of
SAXA, Q. VOCO'NIUS, tribune of the plebs, a rule of law being confirmed by a rescript of Se-
B. C. 169, proposed the Voconia lex, which was verus and Caracalla.
supported by the elder Cato, who spoke in its Some of his Respon sa are given in a single word.
favour, when he was sixty-five years of age (Liv. His style is compressed, and hence has been some-
Epit. 41 ; Cic. de Senect. 5, pro Bulb. 8, Verr. Act. timcs considered obscure, but he left an illustrious
i. 48). Respecting the contents of this important name, which he earned well. In the Theodosian
lex, see Dict. of Ant. s. v.
Code Cervidius Scaevola is called “ Prudentissi-
SAXULA, CLU'VIUS. (Cluvius, No. 1. ) mus omnium Jurisconsultorum. ” Ilis writings
SCAEA (Exala), a daughter of Danaus (A pollod. which are excerpted in the Digest were : - Diges.
ii. 1. $ 5), was married to Archander, who, with torum Libri quadraginta, which often contain the
his brother Architeles, emigrated from Phthiotis same matter that is given more briefly in his Re-
in Thessaly to Argos. (Paus. vii. 1. § 3 ; compare sponsorum Libri sex (Bluhme, Zeitschrift, &c. vol.
AUTOMATE. )
[L. S. ] iv. p. 325, Die Ordnung der Fragmente in den
SCAEVA, a slave of Q. Croton, was rewarded | Pandectentiteln) ; Viginti Libri Quaestionum ; Libri
with his liberty on account of his killing Saturninus, quatuor Regularum ; and a Liber singularis Quaes-
the tribune of the plebs, in B. c. 100. (Cic. pro tionum publice (that is judicially) tractarum.
C. Rabir. 11. )
There are 307 excerpts from Scaevola in the Digest.
SCAEVA, CA'SSIUS, a centurion in Caesar's The Florentine Index also mentions a Liber Singu-
army at the battle of Dyrrhachium, distinguished laris de Quaestione Familiae. He made notes on
himself by his extraordinary feats of valour in that Julianus and Marcellus, which are merely cited in
engagement. He maintained possession of the post the Digest. The Liber Singularis opwv must be
with which he was intrusted, although he lost an attributed to Q. Mucius Scaevola the pontifex.
eye, was pierced through both his shoulder and Claudius Tryphoninus and Paulus made notes on
thigh, and his shield was transfixed in a hundred Scaevola. He is often cited by these and other
and twenty places (Caes. B. C. iii. 53 ; Suet. Cues. jurists.
68; Flor. iv, 2. § 40 ; Val. Max. iii. 2. 8 23, who Puchta (Inst. i. $ 100) does not adopt the opinion
calls him M. Cassius Scaeva ; Appian, B. C. ii. 60, of Bluhme above referred to, which is in fact the
whose account is inaccurate, and must be corrected opinion of Conradi. He observes, that "in the
from the preceding authorities). Scaeva survived collection of Responsa the facts are stated with the
his wounds, and is mentioned by Cicero as one of necessary completeness, but the opinions generally
the partisans of Caesar, just before and after the in few words and without a statement of the
death of the latter. (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 23, xiv. 10. ) grounds ; the Quaestiones were appropriated to
SCAEVA, DI'DIUS, one of the generals of the complete examination and justification of the
the Vitellian troops, slain at the taking of the Ca- opinions ; the Digests also contain Responsa, some-
pitol in A. D. 79. (Tac. Hist. iij. 73. )
times with a short notice of the opinion, sometimes,
SCAEVA, JU'NIUS BRUTUS. [BRUTUS, as in the Responsa, with an indication of the
Nos. 5 and 6. )
reasons,"
SCAEVI'NUS, FLAVIUS, a senator of dis- Grotius (Vilae Jurisconsultorum) has some re-
solute life, took part in the conspiracy of Piso marks on the method of Scaevola. See Cujacius,
against Nero. It was through Milichus, the freed-Cervidii Scaevolae Responsa, vol. vi. ed. Naples,
man of Scaevinus that the conspiracy was discovered 1758.
[G. L. )
by Nero.
Milichus was liberally rewarded by the SCAEVOLA, MU'CIUS. 1. C. Mucius
emperor, and Scaevinus put to death. (Tac. Ann. SCAEvola. When King Porsenna was blockading
xv. 49, 54, 55, 70. )
Rome, C. Mucius, a young man of the patrician
P. SCAE'VIUS, a soldier who served under class, went out of the city with the approbation of
Caesar in Spain in B. C. 60, when the latter go- the senate, after telling them that he was not going
verned that province after his praetorship. (Dion for plunder, but, with the aid of the gods, to per-
Cass. xxxvii. 53. )
form some nobler deed. With a dagger hid be-
SCAE'VOLA, Q. CERVI'DIUS, & Roman neath his dress, he approached the place where
jurist, appears to have been giving Responsa in the Porsenna was sitting, with a secretary (scriba)
time of Antoninus Pius (Dig. 34. tit. 1. s. 13. by his side, dressed nearly in the same style as
§ 1). Scaevola speaks of constitutions of Verus the king himself. . . Mistaking the secretary for the
and Marcus Antoninus, in such terms as imply king, Mucius killed him on the spot. He was
that they were then living (Dig. 2. tit. 15. s. 3, seized by the king's guards, and brought before
50. tit. 1. s. 24); and he was employed by Marcus the royal seat, when he declared his name, and
as a legal adviser (Jul. Capitol. Marc. c. 11, usus his design to kill the king himself, and told him
est Scuevola praecipue juris perito); and Scaevola that there were many more Romans ready to
himself, as quoted by Ulpian, reports a judgment attempt his life. The king in his passion and
of Marcus in his auditorium (ad Sct. Trebell. Dig. alarm ordered him to be burnt alive, unless he ex-
36. tit. 1. 8. 22). Whether Scaevola survived plained more clearly what he meant by his vague
Marcus is uncertain. As to the passage in the threats, upon which Mucius thrust his right hand
.
3
!
1
## p. 732 (#748) ############################################
732
SCAEVOLA.
SCAEVOLA.
into a fire which was already lighted for a sacrifice, consul in B. C. 175, with Aemilius Lepidus II,
and held it there without flinching. The king, Publius had the Ligures for his province (Liv.
who was amazed at his firmness, ordered him to xli. 19). He fought a battle with some tribes
be removed from the altar, and bade him go away, which had ravaged Luna and Pisae, gained a vic-
free and uninjured. To make some return to the tory, and was honoured with a triumph, which is
king for his generous behaviour, Mucius told him recorded in a fragment of the Capitoline marbles,
that there were three hundred of the first youths where he is named (P. Mu] Q. F. P. N. (Clinton,
of Rome who had agreed with one another to kill the Fusti, B. c. 175. )
king, that the lot fell on him to make the first 5. P. Mucius SCARVOLA, was probably the son
attempt, and that the rest would do the same when of P. Mucius Scaevola (No. 3). Publius Mucius,
their turn came.
Manilius, and Brutus, are called by Pomponius (Dig.
Mucius received the name of Scaevola, or left- 1. tit. 2. 8. 2. 09) the founders of the Jus Civile.
handed, from the circumstance of the loss of his Publius was tribunus plebis, B. c. 141, in which
right hand. Porsenna being alarmed for his life, year he brought L. Hostilius Tubulus to trial for
which he could not secure against so many des- mal-administration as praetor (Rein, Criminal-
perate men, made proposals of peace to the recht der Römer, p. 602): he was praetor urbanus in
Romans, and eracuated the territory. The patri- B. c. 136. In B. c. 133, Publius was consul with
cians or the senate, for it is impossible to say which L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, the year in which
body Livy means (ii. 13, comp. ii. 12), gave Tib. Gracchus lost his life. In B. c. 131, he
Mucius a tract of land beyond the Tiber, which succeeded his brother Mucianus (MUCIANUS) as
was thenceforward called Mucia Prata. Such is Pontifex Maximus. Plutarch (Tib. Gracchus,
the substance of Livy's story. Dionysius tells it c. 9) says, that Tib. Gracchus consulted P. Scae-
with tedious prolixity, as usual ; but he omits all vola about the provisions of his Agrarian Law.
mention of the king's threat to burn Mucius, When Tiberius was a candidate for a second tri-
and of Mucius burning his right hand. (See buneship, and the opposite faction had resolved to
Niebuhr's Remarks on the story of C. Mucius put him down, Scipio Nasica in the senate “en.
Scaevola, Lectures, “ Earliest Times to the First treated the consul (Mucius) to protect the state,
Punic War," 1848 ; and Niebuhr, Roman Hist. and put down the tyrant. The consul, however,
vol. i. , “ The War with Porsenna. "
answered mildly, that he would not be the first to
The Mucius of this story is called a patrician ; use violence, and that he would not take any citi-
and the Mucii of the historical period were ple- zen's life without a regular trial: if, however, he
beians. This is urged as an objection to assuming said, the people should come to an illegal vote at
the descent of the historical Mucii from the Mu- the instigation of Tiberius, or from compulsion, he
cius of B. C. 509. But independent of this minor would not respect any such decision. " The col-
difficulty, we do not concern ourselves about the league of Mucius was absent in Sicily, where he
descent of the illustrious Mucii of the later Repub- was conducting the war against the slaves. After
lic from the half-fabulous man with the left hand the death of Tib. Gracchus, Scaevola is said to
who assisted at its birth.
hare approved of the conduct of Scipio Nasica,
According to Varro (de Ling. Lat. vi. 5) the who was the chief mover in the affray in which
burname of the Mucii (scaevola) signified an amu- Tiberius lost his life (Cic. pro Cn. Plancio, c. 36);
let. The word scaevola is a diminutive. (See and even to have declared his approbation by
Facciol. Lex. s. v. Scaeva. )
moving or drawing up various Senatusconsulta
The following appear to be the only Mucii of (Cic. pro Dom. c. 34). Scaevola must have lived
whom any thing worth knowing is recorded. till after the death of C. Gracchus, B. C. 121,
2. Q. MUCIUS SCAEVOLA, the son of Publius, for he gave his opinion that as the res dotales of
was practor in B. C. 215, in the consulship of Licinia, the wife of C. Gracchus, had been lost in
C. Postumius Albinus III. and T. Sempronius the disturbance caused by her husband, they ought
Gracchus: he bad Sardinia for his province (Liv. to be made good to her. (Dig. 24. tit. 3. s. 66. )
xxiii. 24, 30), where he fell sick (c. 34, 40). Cicero (de Or. ii. 12) states that from the ear-
His command in Sardinia was prolonged for the liest period of Roman history to the time of P.
two following years (Liv. xxiv. 9, 44), and again Mucius Pontifex Maximus, it was the custom for
for another year (Liv. xxv. 3): nothing is recorded the Pontifex Maximus to put in writing on a
of his operations. This appears to be the Mucius tablet all the events of each year, and to expose it
who is mentioned by Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. at his house for public inspection: these, he says,
s. 2. $ 37), if Mucius is the right reading there are now called the Annales Maximi. Mucius was
(comp. Liv, xxi. 18; Gellius, x. 27 ; Florus, ii. 6). distinguished for his knowledge of the Jus Pontifi-
Quintus was decemvir sacrorum, and died in B. c. cium; and he was also famed for his skill in play-
209. (Liv. xxvii. 8. )
ing at ball, as well as at the game called Duodecim
3. Q. Mucius SCAEVOLA, probably the son of Scripta. (Cic. de Or. i.
identical with the following, though Mionnet con- he came to Rome with Caesar, and was made by
siders him to be distinct.
the latter tribune of the plebs for the following
6. SAUROMATES VI. , a contemporary of the year. In the troubles following Caesar's death,
emperor Diocletian. No coins are extant of this Saxa took an active part in supporting the friends
prince, and our knowledge of his reign is derived of his murdered patron. He attached himself to
bolely from Constantine Porphyrogenitus, who M. Antonius, and served under him as centurion
informs us that he took advantage of the weakness in the siege of Mutina. In B. c. 42, Saxa and
of the Roman empire to raise a large army among Norbanus were sent by Antonius and Octavianus
the Sarmatian tribes, with which he invaded to Macedonia, with eight legions. They took pos-
Colchis, ravaged that country and the whole of session of the mountain-passes beyond Philippi, in
Pontus, and advanced as far as the river Halys. order to stop the march of Brutus and Cassius, but
Here, however, he was met by the Roman ge. the latter changed their route and arrived safely at
neral Constantius, who held him in check, while Philippi. Saxa and Norbanus now fell back upon
Chrestus, king of Cherson, at the instigation of Amphipolis
, and confined themselves to the defen-
Diocletian, invaded the kingdom of Bosporus, and sive, as the forces of the enemy far outnumbered
actually made himself master of its capital city. their own. After the defeat of Brutus and Cassius
Sauromates in consequence found himself obliged Saxa accompanied Antony to the East, and was
to purchase peace and the restitution of his capital
, made by the latter governor of Syria. Soon after
by giving up all his prisoners, as well as aban- his appointment the younger Labienus invaded
doning his conquests. This expedition appears to Syria (B. C. 40), at the head of a powerful Parthian
have taken place in A. D. 291. (Const
. Por- army, and defeated Saxa, who fled from his camp
phyrog. de Administ. Imper. c. 63, pp. 244—249, in the course of the same night, fearing that his
ed. Bonn. )
soldiers would go over to Labienus. He had in-
7. SAUROMATES VII. , a grandson of the pre-tended to take refuge in Antioch ; but hearing that
ceding, ascended the throne after the accession of the important town of Apameia had fallen into the
hands of Labienus, he did not venture to go to
It must be observed that the years reckoned Antioch, but continued his flight towards Cilicia.
from the Bosporan era, began in the summer, so He was, however, overtaken by the troops of La-
that the same date would correspond to two bienus, and put to death by them. One account
calendar years. As Commodus did not reign alone states that he killed himself to avoid falling into
before the spring of A. D. 180, the above coin their power. (Caes. B. C. i. 66 ; Cic. Phil. riii.
cannot have been struck previous to that date. | 3, ix. 26, x, 10, xi. 5, xii. 8, xiii. 13, xiv. 4 ; Dion
## p. 731 (#747) ############################################
SCAEVOLA.
731
SCAEVOLA.
Cass. xlvii. 35, 36, xlviii. 24, 25 ; Appian, B. C. | Digest, 32. s. 39, in which the expression “ Impe-
iv. 87, v. 102-107, Syr. 51 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 78 ; rator noster Divus Marcus” occurs, see the note in
Liv. Epit. 127 ; Flor. iv. 9. )
Zimmern (Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts, vol. i.
2. The brother of the preceding, served under p. 360, No. 7).
him as quaestor, in Syria, and had the command, Septimius Severus, afterwards emperor, and the
as it appears, of the town of A pameia, which he jurist Papinian, were the hearers of Scaevola (Spar-
continued to keep while all the surrounding gar- tian. Caracalla, 8). He appears to have been
risons surrendered to Labienus, till he heard a living when Septimius was emperor and Paulus
report of the death of his brother, when he like- was active as a jurist (Dig. 28. tit. 2. s. 19); and
wise surrendered Antioch. (Dion Cass. xlviii. 25. ) in one passage (Dig. 44. tit. 3. s. 14) he speaks of
SAXA, Q. VOCO'NIUS, tribune of the plebs, a rule of law being confirmed by a rescript of Se-
B. C. 169, proposed the Voconia lex, which was verus and Caracalla.
supported by the elder Cato, who spoke in its Some of his Respon sa are given in a single word.
favour, when he was sixty-five years of age (Liv. His style is compressed, and hence has been some-
Epit. 41 ; Cic. de Senect. 5, pro Bulb. 8, Verr. Act. timcs considered obscure, but he left an illustrious
i. 48). Respecting the contents of this important name, which he earned well. In the Theodosian
lex, see Dict. of Ant. s. v.
Code Cervidius Scaevola is called “ Prudentissi-
SAXULA, CLU'VIUS. (Cluvius, No. 1. ) mus omnium Jurisconsultorum. ” Ilis writings
SCAEA (Exala), a daughter of Danaus (A pollod. which are excerpted in the Digest were : - Diges.
ii. 1. $ 5), was married to Archander, who, with torum Libri quadraginta, which often contain the
his brother Architeles, emigrated from Phthiotis same matter that is given more briefly in his Re-
in Thessaly to Argos. (Paus. vii. 1. § 3 ; compare sponsorum Libri sex (Bluhme, Zeitschrift, &c. vol.
AUTOMATE. )
[L. S. ] iv. p. 325, Die Ordnung der Fragmente in den
SCAEVA, a slave of Q. Croton, was rewarded | Pandectentiteln) ; Viginti Libri Quaestionum ; Libri
with his liberty on account of his killing Saturninus, quatuor Regularum ; and a Liber singularis Quaes-
the tribune of the plebs, in B. c. 100. (Cic. pro tionum publice (that is judicially) tractarum.
C. Rabir. 11. )
There are 307 excerpts from Scaevola in the Digest.
SCAEVA, CA'SSIUS, a centurion in Caesar's The Florentine Index also mentions a Liber Singu-
army at the battle of Dyrrhachium, distinguished laris de Quaestione Familiae. He made notes on
himself by his extraordinary feats of valour in that Julianus and Marcellus, which are merely cited in
engagement. He maintained possession of the post the Digest. The Liber Singularis opwv must be
with which he was intrusted, although he lost an attributed to Q. Mucius Scaevola the pontifex.
eye, was pierced through both his shoulder and Claudius Tryphoninus and Paulus made notes on
thigh, and his shield was transfixed in a hundred Scaevola. He is often cited by these and other
and twenty places (Caes. B. C. iii. 53 ; Suet. Cues. jurists.
68; Flor. iv, 2. § 40 ; Val. Max. iii. 2. 8 23, who Puchta (Inst. i. $ 100) does not adopt the opinion
calls him M. Cassius Scaeva ; Appian, B. C. ii. 60, of Bluhme above referred to, which is in fact the
whose account is inaccurate, and must be corrected opinion of Conradi. He observes, that "in the
from the preceding authorities). Scaeva survived collection of Responsa the facts are stated with the
his wounds, and is mentioned by Cicero as one of necessary completeness, but the opinions generally
the partisans of Caesar, just before and after the in few words and without a statement of the
death of the latter. (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 23, xiv. 10. ) grounds ; the Quaestiones were appropriated to
SCAEVA, DI'DIUS, one of the generals of the complete examination and justification of the
the Vitellian troops, slain at the taking of the Ca- opinions ; the Digests also contain Responsa, some-
pitol in A. D. 79. (Tac. Hist. iij. 73. )
times with a short notice of the opinion, sometimes,
SCAEVA, JU'NIUS BRUTUS. [BRUTUS, as in the Responsa, with an indication of the
Nos. 5 and 6. )
reasons,"
SCAEVI'NUS, FLAVIUS, a senator of dis- Grotius (Vilae Jurisconsultorum) has some re-
solute life, took part in the conspiracy of Piso marks on the method of Scaevola. See Cujacius,
against Nero. It was through Milichus, the freed-Cervidii Scaevolae Responsa, vol. vi. ed. Naples,
man of Scaevinus that the conspiracy was discovered 1758.
[G. L. )
by Nero.
Milichus was liberally rewarded by the SCAEVOLA, MU'CIUS. 1. C. Mucius
emperor, and Scaevinus put to death. (Tac. Ann. SCAEvola. When King Porsenna was blockading
xv. 49, 54, 55, 70. )
Rome, C. Mucius, a young man of the patrician
P. SCAE'VIUS, a soldier who served under class, went out of the city with the approbation of
Caesar in Spain in B. C. 60, when the latter go- the senate, after telling them that he was not going
verned that province after his praetorship. (Dion for plunder, but, with the aid of the gods, to per-
Cass. xxxvii. 53. )
form some nobler deed. With a dagger hid be-
SCAE'VOLA, Q. CERVI'DIUS, & Roman neath his dress, he approached the place where
jurist, appears to have been giving Responsa in the Porsenna was sitting, with a secretary (scriba)
time of Antoninus Pius (Dig. 34. tit. 1. s. 13. by his side, dressed nearly in the same style as
§ 1). Scaevola speaks of constitutions of Verus the king himself. . . Mistaking the secretary for the
and Marcus Antoninus, in such terms as imply king, Mucius killed him on the spot. He was
that they were then living (Dig. 2. tit. 15. s. 3, seized by the king's guards, and brought before
50. tit. 1. s. 24); and he was employed by Marcus the royal seat, when he declared his name, and
as a legal adviser (Jul. Capitol. Marc. c. 11, usus his design to kill the king himself, and told him
est Scuevola praecipue juris perito); and Scaevola that there were many more Romans ready to
himself, as quoted by Ulpian, reports a judgment attempt his life. The king in his passion and
of Marcus in his auditorium (ad Sct. Trebell. Dig. alarm ordered him to be burnt alive, unless he ex-
36. tit. 1. 8. 22). Whether Scaevola survived plained more clearly what he meant by his vague
Marcus is uncertain. As to the passage in the threats, upon which Mucius thrust his right hand
.
3
!
1
## p. 732 (#748) ############################################
732
SCAEVOLA.
SCAEVOLA.
into a fire which was already lighted for a sacrifice, consul in B. C. 175, with Aemilius Lepidus II,
and held it there without flinching. The king, Publius had the Ligures for his province (Liv.
who was amazed at his firmness, ordered him to xli. 19). He fought a battle with some tribes
be removed from the altar, and bade him go away, which had ravaged Luna and Pisae, gained a vic-
free and uninjured. To make some return to the tory, and was honoured with a triumph, which is
king for his generous behaviour, Mucius told him recorded in a fragment of the Capitoline marbles,
that there were three hundred of the first youths where he is named (P. Mu] Q. F. P. N. (Clinton,
of Rome who had agreed with one another to kill the Fusti, B. c. 175. )
king, that the lot fell on him to make the first 5. P. Mucius SCARVOLA, was probably the son
attempt, and that the rest would do the same when of P. Mucius Scaevola (No. 3). Publius Mucius,
their turn came.
Manilius, and Brutus, are called by Pomponius (Dig.
Mucius received the name of Scaevola, or left- 1. tit. 2. 8. 2. 09) the founders of the Jus Civile.
handed, from the circumstance of the loss of his Publius was tribunus plebis, B. c. 141, in which
right hand. Porsenna being alarmed for his life, year he brought L. Hostilius Tubulus to trial for
which he could not secure against so many des- mal-administration as praetor (Rein, Criminal-
perate men, made proposals of peace to the recht der Römer, p. 602): he was praetor urbanus in
Romans, and eracuated the territory. The patri- B. c. 136. In B. c. 133, Publius was consul with
cians or the senate, for it is impossible to say which L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, the year in which
body Livy means (ii. 13, comp. ii. 12), gave Tib. Gracchus lost his life. In B. c. 131, he
Mucius a tract of land beyond the Tiber, which succeeded his brother Mucianus (MUCIANUS) as
was thenceforward called Mucia Prata. Such is Pontifex Maximus. Plutarch (Tib. Gracchus,
the substance of Livy's story. Dionysius tells it c. 9) says, that Tib. Gracchus consulted P. Scae-
with tedious prolixity, as usual ; but he omits all vola about the provisions of his Agrarian Law.
mention of the king's threat to burn Mucius, When Tiberius was a candidate for a second tri-
and of Mucius burning his right hand. (See buneship, and the opposite faction had resolved to
Niebuhr's Remarks on the story of C. Mucius put him down, Scipio Nasica in the senate “en.
Scaevola, Lectures, “ Earliest Times to the First treated the consul (Mucius) to protect the state,
Punic War," 1848 ; and Niebuhr, Roman Hist. and put down the tyrant. The consul, however,
vol. i. , “ The War with Porsenna. "
answered mildly, that he would not be the first to
The Mucius of this story is called a patrician ; use violence, and that he would not take any citi-
and the Mucii of the historical period were ple- zen's life without a regular trial: if, however, he
beians. This is urged as an objection to assuming said, the people should come to an illegal vote at
the descent of the historical Mucii from the Mu- the instigation of Tiberius, or from compulsion, he
cius of B. C. 509. But independent of this minor would not respect any such decision. " The col-
difficulty, we do not concern ourselves about the league of Mucius was absent in Sicily, where he
descent of the illustrious Mucii of the later Repub- was conducting the war against the slaves. After
lic from the half-fabulous man with the left hand the death of Tib. Gracchus, Scaevola is said to
who assisted at its birth.
hare approved of the conduct of Scipio Nasica,
According to Varro (de Ling. Lat. vi. 5) the who was the chief mover in the affray in which
burname of the Mucii (scaevola) signified an amu- Tiberius lost his life (Cic. pro Cn. Plancio, c. 36);
let. The word scaevola is a diminutive. (See and even to have declared his approbation by
Facciol. Lex. s. v. Scaeva. )
moving or drawing up various Senatusconsulta
The following appear to be the only Mucii of (Cic. pro Dom. c. 34). Scaevola must have lived
whom any thing worth knowing is recorded. till after the death of C. Gracchus, B. C. 121,
2. Q. MUCIUS SCAEVOLA, the son of Publius, for he gave his opinion that as the res dotales of
was practor in B. C. 215, in the consulship of Licinia, the wife of C. Gracchus, had been lost in
C. Postumius Albinus III. and T. Sempronius the disturbance caused by her husband, they ought
Gracchus: he bad Sardinia for his province (Liv. to be made good to her. (Dig. 24. tit. 3. s. 66. )
xxiii. 24, 30), where he fell sick (c. 34, 40). Cicero (de Or. ii. 12) states that from the ear-
His command in Sardinia was prolonged for the liest period of Roman history to the time of P.
two following years (Liv. xxiv. 9, 44), and again Mucius Pontifex Maximus, it was the custom for
for another year (Liv. xxv. 3): nothing is recorded the Pontifex Maximus to put in writing on a
of his operations. This appears to be the Mucius tablet all the events of each year, and to expose it
who is mentioned by Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. at his house for public inspection: these, he says,
s. 2. $ 37), if Mucius is the right reading there are now called the Annales Maximi. Mucius was
(comp. Liv, xxi. 18; Gellius, x. 27 ; Florus, ii. 6). distinguished for his knowledge of the Jus Pontifi-
Quintus was decemvir sacrorum, and died in B. c. cium; and he was also famed for his skill in play-
209. (Liv. xxvii. 8. )
ing at ball, as well as at the game called Duodecim
3. Q. Mucius SCAEVOLA, probably the son of Scripta. (Cic. de Or. i.
