,
President of the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
President of the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v05 - Bro to Cai
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Title: Library of the world's best literature, ancient and modern;
Charles Dudley Warner, editor; Hamilton Wright Mabie, Lucia
Gilbert Runkle, George H. Warner, associate editors . . .
Publisher: New York, R. S. Peale and J. A. Hill [c1896-97]
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SURAXATIS-CALIFOR
SIGILLVM
EX LIBRIS
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Crosch
ROBERT BURNS.
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· LIBRARY
OF
THE
WORLD'S BEST LITERATURE
Ancient and Modern
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
EDITOR
Bro-C
HAMILTON WRIGHT MABIE, LUCIA GILBERT RUNKLE,
GEORGE H. WARNER
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
THIRTY VOLUMES
VOL. V
NEW YORK
R. S. PEALE AND J. A. HILL
PUBLISHERS
## p. 2450 (#10) ############################################
017
L607
Vol. 5
**
COPYRIGHT 1897
BY R.
S.
PEALE AND J. A. HILL
All rights reserved
SHERRER COMPANIES
neon 3
KINDLAS
## p. 2451 (#11) ############################################
THE ADVISORY COUNCIL
CRAWFORD H. TOY, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Professor of Hebrew, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Mass.
THOMAS R. LOUNSBURY, LL. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, Conn.
WILLIAM M. SLOANE, Ph. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of History and Political Science,
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Princeton, N. J.
BRANDER MATTHEWS, A. M. , LL. B. ,
Professor of Literature, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York City.
JAMES B. ANGELL, LL. D. ,
President of the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLARD FISKE, A. M. , Ph. D. ,
Late Professor of the Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
and Literatures,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, N. Y.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Director of the Lick Observatory, and Astronomer,
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, Cal.
ALCÉE FORTIER, LIT. D. ,
Professor of the Romance Languages,
TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, La.
WILLIAM P. TRENT, M. A. ,
Dean of the Department of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of
English and History,
UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH, Sewanee, Tenn.
PAUL SHOREY, Ph. D. ,
S
Professor of Greek and Latin Literature,
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, Ill.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL. D. ,
United States Commissioner of Education,
BUREAU OF EDUCATION, Washington, D. C.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Professor of Literature in the
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D. C.
504573
## p. 2452 (#12) ############################################
:
## p. 2453 (#13) ############################################
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOL. V
LIVED
PAGE
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE (Artemus Ward)
1834-1867
2461
BY CHARLES F. JOHNSON
Edwin Forrest as Othello
High-Handed Outrage at Utica
Affairs Round the Village Green
Mr. Pepper (Artemus Ward : His Travels')
Horace Greeley's Ride to Placerville (same)
SIR THOMAS BROWNE
1605-1682
2473
BY FRANCIS BACON? 2* Frames
From the Religio Medici?
From Christian Morals)
From ‘Hydriotaphia, or Urn-Burial
From A Fragment on Mummies)
From A Letter to a Friend?
Some Relations Whose Truth We Fear (Pseudoxia Epi-
demica')
2511
WILLIAM BROWNE
1591-1643
Circe's Charm (Inner Temple Masque')
The Hunted Squirrel (Britannia's Pastorals')
As Careful Merchants Do Expecting Stand (same)
Song of the Sirens (“Inner Temple Masque')
An Epistle on Parting
Sonnets to Cælia
1820-1872
2519
HENRY HOWARD BROWNELL
Annus Memorabilis
Words for the "Hallelujah Chorus)
Coming
Psychaura
Suspiria Noctis
## p. 2454 (#14) ############################################
vi
LIVED
PAGE
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
A Musical Instrument
My Heart and I
From Catarina to Camoens)
The Sleep
The Cry of the Children
Mother and Poet
A Court Lady
The Prospect
1809-1861
2523
De Profundis
The Cry of the Human
Romance of the Swan's Nest
The Best Thing in the World
Sonnets from the Portuguese
A False Step
A Child's Thought of God
Cheerfulness Taught by Reason
ROBERT BROWNING
1812-1889
2557
BY E. L. BURLINGAME
Andrea del Sarto
Up at a Villa – Down in the City
A Toccata of Galuppi's
In Three Days
Confessions
In a Year
Love among the Ruins
Evelyn Hope
A Grammarian's Funeral Prospice
My Last Duchess
The Patriot
One Word More
1803-1876
2594
ORESTES AUGUSTUS BROWNSON
Saint-Simonism ( The Convert)
1849-
2603
FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE
BY ADOLPHE COHN
2613
Taine and Prince Napoleon
The Literatures of France, England, and Germany
GIORDANO BRUNO
1548--1600
A Discourse of Poets (“The Heroic Enthusiasts')
Canticle of the Shining Ones: A Tribute to English
Women (“The Nolan')
Song of the Nine Singers Parnassus Within
Of Immensity
Compensation
Life Well Lost
Life for Song
WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
1794-1878
2623
BY GEORGE PARSONS LATHROP
Thanatopsis
To a Water-fowl
The Crowded Street
Robert of Lincoln
Death of the Flowers
June
The Conqueror's Grave
To the Fringed Gentian
The Battle-Field
The Future Life
To the Past
## p. 2455 (#15) ############################################
vii
LIVED
PAGE
2643
JAMES BRYCE
1838-
Position of Women in the United States (The American
Commonwealth')
Ascent of Ararat ('Trans-Caucasia and Ararat')
The Work of the Roman Empire ('The Holy Roman
Empire')
Francis TREVELYAN BUCKLAND
1826-1880 2661
A Hunt in a Horse-Pond (“Curiosities of Natural History')
On Rats (same)
Snakes and their Poison (same)
My Monkey Jacko (same)
2673
HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE
1821-1862
Moral versus Intellectual Principles in Human Progress
(History of Civilization in England')
Mythical Origin of History (same)
GEORGE Louis LE CLERC BUFFON
1707-1788
2689
BY SPENCER TROTTER
Nature (Natural History ')
The Humming-Bird (same)
EDWARD BULWER-LYTTON
1803-1873
2697
BY JULIAN HAWTHORNE
The Amphitheatre ("The Last Days of Pompeii')
Kenelm and Lily (Kenelm Chillingly)
2731
HENRY CUYLER BUNNER
1855-1896
Triolet
The Love-Letters of Smith ("Short Sixes')
The Way to Arcady
Chant-Royal
JOHN BUNYAN
1628-1688
2747
BY EDWIN P. PARKER
The Fight with Apollyon (Pilgrim's Progress')
The Delectable Mountains (same)
Christiana and Her Companions Enter the Celestial City
(same)
## p. 2456 (#16) ############################################
viii
LIVED
PAGE
1747-1794
2767
GOTTFRIED AUGUST BÜRGER
William and Helen
The Wives of Weinsberg
EDMUND BURKE
1729-1797
2779
BY E. L. GODKIN
From Speech on Conciliation with America'
From Speech on "The Nabob of Arcot's Debts'
From Speech on (The French Revolution?
1849-
2809
FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT
At the Pit (“That Lass o' Lowrie's ')
2817
FRANCES BURNEY (Madame D'Arblay)
1752-1840
Evelina's Letter to the Rev. Mr. Villars (Evelina')
A Man of the Ton (Cecilia')
Miss Burney's Friends (Letters')
ROBERT BURNS
1759-1796
2833
BY RICHARD HENRY STODDARD
The Cotter's Saturday Night To a Mountain Daisy
John Anderson, My Jo
Tam o' Shanter
Man Was Made to Mourn Bruce to His Men at Ban-
Green Grow the Rashes
nockburn
A Man's a Man for A' That Highland Mary
To a Mouse
My Heart's in the Highlands
The Banks o' Doon
1837-
2867
JOHN BURROUGHS
Sharp Eyes (Locusts and Wild Honey)
Waiting
2883
Sir Richard F. BURTON
1821-1890
The Preternatural in Fiction ('The Book of a Thousand
Nights and a Night')
A Journey in Disguise (“The Personal Narrative of a Pil-
grimage to El Medinah and Meccah')
En Route (same)
2901
ROBERT BURTON
1577-1640
Conclusions as to Melancholy ("The Anatomy of Melan-
choly)
## p. 2457 (#17) ############################################
ix
LIVED
PAGE
HORACE BUSHNELL
1802-1876
2909
BY THEODORE T. MUNGER
Work and Play
The Founders (“Work and Play ')
Religious Music (same)
1612–1680
2927
SAMUEL BUTLER
Hudibras Described
LORD BYRON
1788-1824
2935
BY CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
Maid of Athens
Translation of a Romaic Song
Greece ("The Giaour')
The Hellespont and Troy (The Bride of Abydos')
Greece and her Heroes ("The Siege of Corinth')
The Isles of Greece (Don Juan')
Greece and the Greeks before the Revolution (Childe
Harold's Pilgrimage')
To Rome (same)
The Coliseum (same)
Chorus of Spirits (“The Deformed Transformed')
Venice (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Ode to Venice
The East (The Bride of Abydos')
Oriental Royalty (Don Juan')
A Grecian Sunset ( The Curse of Minerva')
An Italian Sunset ("Childe Harold's Pilgrimage ')
Twilight (Don Juan')
An Alpine Storin (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
The Ocean (same)
The Shipwreck (Don Juan')
Love on the Island (Don Juan')
The Two Butterflies (The Giaour')
To His Sister (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Ode to Napoleon
The Battle of Waterloo (“Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Mazeppa's Ride (Mazeppa')
The Irish Avatar
The Dream
She Walks in Beauty (Hebrew Melodies')
## p. 2458 (#18) ############################################
X
LIVED
PAGE
LORD BYRON - Continued :
Destruction of Sennacherib (Hebrew Melodies')
From The Prisoner of Chillon
Prometheus
A Summing-Up ("Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
On This Day I Complete my Thirty-sixth Year
3001
FERNAN CABALLERO (Cecilia Böhl de Faber) 1796-1877
The Bull-Fight (La Gaviota')
In the Home Circle (same)
1844-
3017
GEORGE W. CABLE
« Posson Jone'» (Old Creole Days')
CAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR
100-44 B. C.
3037
BY J. H. WESTCOTT
Defeat of Ariovistus and the Germans (“The Gallic Wars')
On the Manners and Customs of Ancient Gauls and Ger-
mans (same)
The Two Lieutenants (same)
Epigram on Terentius
1853-
3067
THOMAS HENRY HALL CAINE
Pete Quilliam's First-Born ("The Manxman')
## p. 2459 (#19) ############################################
LIST OF PORTRAITS
IN VOL. V
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Charles Farrar Browne (Artemus Ward)
Sir Thomas Browne
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Robert Browning
Orestes Augustus Brownson
Ferdinand Brunetière
William Cullen Bryant
James Bryce
Buffon
Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Henry Cuyler Bunner
John Bunyan
Gottfried August Bürger
Edmund Burke
Frances Burney (Madame D'Arblay)
Robert Burns
Sir Richard F. Burton
Robert Burton
John Burroughs
Horace Bushnell
Samuel Butler
Lord Byron
George W. Cable
Julius Cæsar
Thomas Henry Hall Caine
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
## p. 2460 (#20) ############################################
1
1
## p. 2461 (#21) ############################################
2461
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE (ARTEMUS WARD)
(1834-1867)
BY CHARLES F. JOHNSON
a
HARLES FARRAR BROWNE, better known to the public of thirty
years ago under his pen-name of Artemus Ward, was born
in the little village of Waterford, Maine, on the 26th day of
April, 1834. Waterford is a quiet village of about seven hundred in-
habitants, lying among the foot-hills of the White Mountains. When
Browne was a child it was a station on the western stage-route, and
an important depot for lumbermen's supplies. Since the extension
of railroads northerly and westerly from the seaboard, it has how-
ever shared the fate of many New Eng-
land villages in being left on one side of
the main currents of commercial activity,
and gradually assuming a character of
repose and leisure, in many regards more
attractive than the life and bustle of ear-
lier days. Many persons are still living
there who remember the humorist as
quaint and tricksy boy, alternating between
laughter and preternatural gravity, and of
surprising ingenuity in devising odd
practical jokes in which good nature so
far prevailed that even the victims were
too much amused to be very angry.
CHARLES F. BROWNE
On both sides, he came froin original
New England stock; and although he was proud of his descent from
a very ancient English family, in deference to whom he wrote his
with the final «e,” he felt greater pride in his American
ancestors, and always said that they were genuine and primitive
Yankees, - people of intelligence, activity, and integrity in business,
but entirely unaffected by new-fangled ideas. It is interesting to
notice that Browne's humor was hereditary on the paternal side, his
father especially being noted for his quaint sayings and harmless
eccentricities. His cousin Daniel many years later bore a strong
resemblance to what Charles had been, and he too possessed a kin-
dred humorous faculty and told a story in much the same solemn
manner, bringing out the point' as if it were something entirely irrele-
vant and unimportant and casually remembered. The subject of this
name
## p. 2462 (#22) ############################################
2462
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
a а
sketch, however, was the only member of the family in whom a
love for the droll and incongruous was a controlling disposition. As
is frequently the case, a family trait was intensified in one individual
to the point where talent passes over into genius.
On his mother's side, too, Browne was a thorough-bred New-Eng-
lander. His maternal grandfather, Mr. Calvin Farrar, was a man of
influence in town and State, and was able to send two of his sons to
Bowdoin College. I have mentioned Browne's parentage because his
humor is so essentially American. Whether this consists in
peculiar gravity in the humorous attitude towards the subject, rather
than playfulness, or in a tendency to exaggerated statement, or in a
broad humanitarian standpoint, or in a certain flavor given by a
blending of all these, it is very difficult to decide. Probably the
peculiar standpoint is the distinguishing note, and American humor is
a product of democracy.
Humor is as difficult of definition as is poetry. It is an intimate
quality of the mind, which predisposes a man to look for remote
and unreal analogies and to present them gravely as if they were
valid. It sees that many of the objects valued by men are illusions,
and it expresses this conviction by assuming that other manifest
trifles are important. It is the deadly enemy of sentimentality and
affectation, for its vision is clear. Although it turns everything
topsy-turvy in sport, its world is not a chaos nor a child's play-
ground, for humor is based on keen perception of truth. There is
no method — except the highest poetic treatment, which reveals so
distinctly the falsehoods and hypocrisies of the social and economic
order as the reductio ad absurdum of humor; for all human institu-
tions have their ridiculous sides, which astonish and amuse us when
pointed out, but from viewing which we suddenly become aware of
relative values before misunderstood. But just as poetry may degen-
erate into a musical collection of words and painting into a decorat-
ive association of colors, so humor may degenerate into the merely
comic or amusing. The laugh which true humor arouses is not far
removed from tears. Humor indeed is not always associated with
kindliness, for we have the sardonic humor of Carlyle and the sav-
age humor of Swift; but it is naturally dissociated from egotism, and
is never more attractive than when, as in the case of Charles Lamb
and Oliver Goldsmith, it is based on a loving and generous interest
in humanity.
Humor must rest on a broad human foundation, and cannot be
narrowed to the notions of a certain class. But in most English
humor, as indeed in all English literature except the very high-
est, — the social class to which the writer does not belong is regarded
ab extra. In Punch, for instance, not only are servants always given
## p. 2463 (#23) ############################################
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
2 463
a conventional set of features, but they are given conventional minds,
and the jokes are based on a hypothetical conception of person-
ality. Dickens was a great humorist, and understood the nature of
the poor because he had been one of them; but his gentlemen and
ladies are lay figures. Thackeray's studies of the flunky are capital;
but he studies him qua flunky, as a naturalist might study an animal,
and hardly ranks him sub specie humanitatis. But to the American
humorist all men are primarily men. The waiter and the prince are
equally ridiculous to him, because in each he finds similar incongrui-
ties between the man and his surroundings; but in England there is
a deep impassable gulf between the man at the table and the man
behind his chair. This democratic independence of external and
adventitious circumstance sometimes gives a tone of irreverence to
American persiflage, and the temporary character of class distinctions
in America undoubtedly diminishes the amount of literary material
«in sight”; but when, as in the case of Browne and Clemens, there
is in the humorist's mind a basis of reverence for things and persons
that are really reverend, it gives a breadth and freedom to the
humorous conception that is distinctively American.
We put Clemens and Browne in the same line, because in reading
a page of either we feel at once the American touch. Browne of
course is not to be compared to Clemens in affluence or in range in
depicting humorous character-types; but it must be remembered that
Clemens has lived thirty active years longer than his predecessor
did. Neither has written a line that he would wish to blot for its
foul suggestion, or because it ridiculed things that were lovely and
of good report. Both were educated in journalism, and came into
direct contact with the strenuous and realistic life of labor. And
to repeat, though one was born and bred west of the Mississippi and
the other far down east,” both are distinctly American. Had either
been born and passed his childhood outside our magic line, this re-
semblance would not have existed. And yet we cannot say precisely
wherein this likeness lies, nor what caused it; so deep, so subtle,
so pervading is the influence of nationality. But their original ex-
pressions of the American humorous tone are worth ten thousand
literary echoes of Sterne or Lamb or Dickens or Thackeray.
The education of young Browne was limited to the strictly pre-
paratory years. At the age of thirteen he was forced by the death
of his father to try to earn his living. When about fourteen, he was
apprenticed to a Mr. Rex, who published a paper at Lancaster, New
Hampshire. He remained there about a year, then worked on vari-
ous country papers, and finally passed three years in the printing-
house of Snow and Wilder, Boston. He then went to Ohio, and after
working for some months on the Tiffin Advertiser, went to Toledo,
## p. 2464 (#24) ############################################
2464
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
where he remained till the fall of 1857. Thence he went to Cleveland,
Ohio, as local editor of the Plain Dealer.
,
President of the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLARD FISKE, A. M. , Ph. D. ,
Late Professor of the Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
and Literatures,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, N. Y.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Director of the Lick Observatory, and Astronomer,
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, Cal.
ALCÉE FORTIER, LIT. D. ,
Professor of the Romance Languages,
TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, La.
WILLIAM P. TRENT, M. A. ,
Dean of the Department of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of
English and History,
UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH, Sewanee, Tenn.
PAUL SHOREY, Ph. D. ,
S
Professor of Greek and Latin Literature,
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, Ill.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL. D. ,
United States Commissioner of Education,
BUREAU OF EDUCATION, Washington, D. C.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Professor of Literature in the
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D. C.
504573
## p. 2452 (#12) ############################################
:
## p. 2453 (#13) ############################################
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOL. V
LIVED
PAGE
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE (Artemus Ward)
1834-1867
2461
BY CHARLES F. JOHNSON
Edwin Forrest as Othello
High-Handed Outrage at Utica
Affairs Round the Village Green
Mr. Pepper (Artemus Ward : His Travels')
Horace Greeley's Ride to Placerville (same)
SIR THOMAS BROWNE
1605-1682
2473
BY FRANCIS BACON? 2* Frames
From the Religio Medici?
From Christian Morals)
From ‘Hydriotaphia, or Urn-Burial
From A Fragment on Mummies)
From A Letter to a Friend?
Some Relations Whose Truth We Fear (Pseudoxia Epi-
demica')
2511
WILLIAM BROWNE
1591-1643
Circe's Charm (Inner Temple Masque')
The Hunted Squirrel (Britannia's Pastorals')
As Careful Merchants Do Expecting Stand (same)
Song of the Sirens (“Inner Temple Masque')
An Epistle on Parting
Sonnets to Cælia
1820-1872
2519
HENRY HOWARD BROWNELL
Annus Memorabilis
Words for the "Hallelujah Chorus)
Coming
Psychaura
Suspiria Noctis
## p. 2454 (#14) ############################################
vi
LIVED
PAGE
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
A Musical Instrument
My Heart and I
From Catarina to Camoens)
The Sleep
The Cry of the Children
Mother and Poet
A Court Lady
The Prospect
1809-1861
2523
De Profundis
The Cry of the Human
Romance of the Swan's Nest
The Best Thing in the World
Sonnets from the Portuguese
A False Step
A Child's Thought of God
Cheerfulness Taught by Reason
ROBERT BROWNING
1812-1889
2557
BY E. L. BURLINGAME
Andrea del Sarto
Up at a Villa – Down in the City
A Toccata of Galuppi's
In Three Days
Confessions
In a Year
Love among the Ruins
Evelyn Hope
A Grammarian's Funeral Prospice
My Last Duchess
The Patriot
One Word More
1803-1876
2594
ORESTES AUGUSTUS BROWNSON
Saint-Simonism ( The Convert)
1849-
2603
FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE
BY ADOLPHE COHN
2613
Taine and Prince Napoleon
The Literatures of France, England, and Germany
GIORDANO BRUNO
1548--1600
A Discourse of Poets (“The Heroic Enthusiasts')
Canticle of the Shining Ones: A Tribute to English
Women (“The Nolan')
Song of the Nine Singers Parnassus Within
Of Immensity
Compensation
Life Well Lost
Life for Song
WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
1794-1878
2623
BY GEORGE PARSONS LATHROP
Thanatopsis
To a Water-fowl
The Crowded Street
Robert of Lincoln
Death of the Flowers
June
The Conqueror's Grave
To the Fringed Gentian
The Battle-Field
The Future Life
To the Past
## p. 2455 (#15) ############################################
vii
LIVED
PAGE
2643
JAMES BRYCE
1838-
Position of Women in the United States (The American
Commonwealth')
Ascent of Ararat ('Trans-Caucasia and Ararat')
The Work of the Roman Empire ('The Holy Roman
Empire')
Francis TREVELYAN BUCKLAND
1826-1880 2661
A Hunt in a Horse-Pond (“Curiosities of Natural History')
On Rats (same)
Snakes and their Poison (same)
My Monkey Jacko (same)
2673
HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE
1821-1862
Moral versus Intellectual Principles in Human Progress
(History of Civilization in England')
Mythical Origin of History (same)
GEORGE Louis LE CLERC BUFFON
1707-1788
2689
BY SPENCER TROTTER
Nature (Natural History ')
The Humming-Bird (same)
EDWARD BULWER-LYTTON
1803-1873
2697
BY JULIAN HAWTHORNE
The Amphitheatre ("The Last Days of Pompeii')
Kenelm and Lily (Kenelm Chillingly)
2731
HENRY CUYLER BUNNER
1855-1896
Triolet
The Love-Letters of Smith ("Short Sixes')
The Way to Arcady
Chant-Royal
JOHN BUNYAN
1628-1688
2747
BY EDWIN P. PARKER
The Fight with Apollyon (Pilgrim's Progress')
The Delectable Mountains (same)
Christiana and Her Companions Enter the Celestial City
(same)
## p. 2456 (#16) ############################################
viii
LIVED
PAGE
1747-1794
2767
GOTTFRIED AUGUST BÜRGER
William and Helen
The Wives of Weinsberg
EDMUND BURKE
1729-1797
2779
BY E. L. GODKIN
From Speech on Conciliation with America'
From Speech on "The Nabob of Arcot's Debts'
From Speech on (The French Revolution?
1849-
2809
FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT
At the Pit (“That Lass o' Lowrie's ')
2817
FRANCES BURNEY (Madame D'Arblay)
1752-1840
Evelina's Letter to the Rev. Mr. Villars (Evelina')
A Man of the Ton (Cecilia')
Miss Burney's Friends (Letters')
ROBERT BURNS
1759-1796
2833
BY RICHARD HENRY STODDARD
The Cotter's Saturday Night To a Mountain Daisy
John Anderson, My Jo
Tam o' Shanter
Man Was Made to Mourn Bruce to His Men at Ban-
Green Grow the Rashes
nockburn
A Man's a Man for A' That Highland Mary
To a Mouse
My Heart's in the Highlands
The Banks o' Doon
1837-
2867
JOHN BURROUGHS
Sharp Eyes (Locusts and Wild Honey)
Waiting
2883
Sir Richard F. BURTON
1821-1890
The Preternatural in Fiction ('The Book of a Thousand
Nights and a Night')
A Journey in Disguise (“The Personal Narrative of a Pil-
grimage to El Medinah and Meccah')
En Route (same)
2901
ROBERT BURTON
1577-1640
Conclusions as to Melancholy ("The Anatomy of Melan-
choly)
## p. 2457 (#17) ############################################
ix
LIVED
PAGE
HORACE BUSHNELL
1802-1876
2909
BY THEODORE T. MUNGER
Work and Play
The Founders (“Work and Play ')
Religious Music (same)
1612–1680
2927
SAMUEL BUTLER
Hudibras Described
LORD BYRON
1788-1824
2935
BY CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
Maid of Athens
Translation of a Romaic Song
Greece ("The Giaour')
The Hellespont and Troy (The Bride of Abydos')
Greece and her Heroes ("The Siege of Corinth')
The Isles of Greece (Don Juan')
Greece and the Greeks before the Revolution (Childe
Harold's Pilgrimage')
To Rome (same)
The Coliseum (same)
Chorus of Spirits (“The Deformed Transformed')
Venice (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Ode to Venice
The East (The Bride of Abydos')
Oriental Royalty (Don Juan')
A Grecian Sunset ( The Curse of Minerva')
An Italian Sunset ("Childe Harold's Pilgrimage ')
Twilight (Don Juan')
An Alpine Storin (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
The Ocean (same)
The Shipwreck (Don Juan')
Love on the Island (Don Juan')
The Two Butterflies (The Giaour')
To His Sister (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Ode to Napoleon
The Battle of Waterloo (“Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Mazeppa's Ride (Mazeppa')
The Irish Avatar
The Dream
She Walks in Beauty (Hebrew Melodies')
## p. 2458 (#18) ############################################
X
LIVED
PAGE
LORD BYRON - Continued :
Destruction of Sennacherib (Hebrew Melodies')
From The Prisoner of Chillon
Prometheus
A Summing-Up ("Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
On This Day I Complete my Thirty-sixth Year
3001
FERNAN CABALLERO (Cecilia Böhl de Faber) 1796-1877
The Bull-Fight (La Gaviota')
In the Home Circle (same)
1844-
3017
GEORGE W. CABLE
« Posson Jone'» (Old Creole Days')
CAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR
100-44 B. C.
3037
BY J. H. WESTCOTT
Defeat of Ariovistus and the Germans (“The Gallic Wars')
On the Manners and Customs of Ancient Gauls and Ger-
mans (same)
The Two Lieutenants (same)
Epigram on Terentius
1853-
3067
THOMAS HENRY HALL CAINE
Pete Quilliam's First-Born ("The Manxman')
## p. 2459 (#19) ############################################
LIST OF PORTRAITS
IN VOL. V
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Charles Farrar Browne (Artemus Ward)
Sir Thomas Browne
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Robert Browning
Orestes Augustus Brownson
Ferdinand Brunetière
William Cullen Bryant
James Bryce
Buffon
Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Henry Cuyler Bunner
John Bunyan
Gottfried August Bürger
Edmund Burke
Frances Burney (Madame D'Arblay)
Robert Burns
Sir Richard F. Burton
Robert Burton
John Burroughs
Horace Bushnell
Samuel Butler
Lord Byron
George W. Cable
Julius Cæsar
Thomas Henry Hall Caine
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
## p. 2460 (#20) ############################################
1
1
## p. 2461 (#21) ############################################
2461
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE (ARTEMUS WARD)
(1834-1867)
BY CHARLES F. JOHNSON
a
HARLES FARRAR BROWNE, better known to the public of thirty
years ago under his pen-name of Artemus Ward, was born
in the little village of Waterford, Maine, on the 26th day of
April, 1834. Waterford is a quiet village of about seven hundred in-
habitants, lying among the foot-hills of the White Mountains. When
Browne was a child it was a station on the western stage-route, and
an important depot for lumbermen's supplies. Since the extension
of railroads northerly and westerly from the seaboard, it has how-
ever shared the fate of many New Eng-
land villages in being left on one side of
the main currents of commercial activity,
and gradually assuming a character of
repose and leisure, in many regards more
attractive than the life and bustle of ear-
lier days. Many persons are still living
there who remember the humorist as
quaint and tricksy boy, alternating between
laughter and preternatural gravity, and of
surprising ingenuity in devising odd
practical jokes in which good nature so
far prevailed that even the victims were
too much amused to be very angry.
CHARLES F. BROWNE
On both sides, he came froin original
New England stock; and although he was proud of his descent from
a very ancient English family, in deference to whom he wrote his
with the final «e,” he felt greater pride in his American
ancestors, and always said that they were genuine and primitive
Yankees, - people of intelligence, activity, and integrity in business,
but entirely unaffected by new-fangled ideas. It is interesting to
notice that Browne's humor was hereditary on the paternal side, his
father especially being noted for his quaint sayings and harmless
eccentricities. His cousin Daniel many years later bore a strong
resemblance to what Charles had been, and he too possessed a kin-
dred humorous faculty and told a story in much the same solemn
manner, bringing out the point' as if it were something entirely irrele-
vant and unimportant and casually remembered. The subject of this
name
## p. 2462 (#22) ############################################
2462
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
a а
sketch, however, was the only member of the family in whom a
love for the droll and incongruous was a controlling disposition. As
is frequently the case, a family trait was intensified in one individual
to the point where talent passes over into genius.
On his mother's side, too, Browne was a thorough-bred New-Eng-
lander. His maternal grandfather, Mr. Calvin Farrar, was a man of
influence in town and State, and was able to send two of his sons to
Bowdoin College. I have mentioned Browne's parentage because his
humor is so essentially American. Whether this consists in
peculiar gravity in the humorous attitude towards the subject, rather
than playfulness, or in a tendency to exaggerated statement, or in a
broad humanitarian standpoint, or in a certain flavor given by a
blending of all these, it is very difficult to decide. Probably the
peculiar standpoint is the distinguishing note, and American humor is
a product of democracy.
Humor is as difficult of definition as is poetry. It is an intimate
quality of the mind, which predisposes a man to look for remote
and unreal analogies and to present them gravely as if they were
valid. It sees that many of the objects valued by men are illusions,
and it expresses this conviction by assuming that other manifest
trifles are important. It is the deadly enemy of sentimentality and
affectation, for its vision is clear. Although it turns everything
topsy-turvy in sport, its world is not a chaos nor a child's play-
ground, for humor is based on keen perception of truth. There is
no method — except the highest poetic treatment, which reveals so
distinctly the falsehoods and hypocrisies of the social and economic
order as the reductio ad absurdum of humor; for all human institu-
tions have their ridiculous sides, which astonish and amuse us when
pointed out, but from viewing which we suddenly become aware of
relative values before misunderstood. But just as poetry may degen-
erate into a musical collection of words and painting into a decorat-
ive association of colors, so humor may degenerate into the merely
comic or amusing. The laugh which true humor arouses is not far
removed from tears. Humor indeed is not always associated with
kindliness, for we have the sardonic humor of Carlyle and the sav-
age humor of Swift; but it is naturally dissociated from egotism, and
is never more attractive than when, as in the case of Charles Lamb
and Oliver Goldsmith, it is based on a loving and generous interest
in humanity.
Humor must rest on a broad human foundation, and cannot be
narrowed to the notions of a certain class. But in most English
humor, as indeed in all English literature except the very high-
est, — the social class to which the writer does not belong is regarded
ab extra. In Punch, for instance, not only are servants always given
## p. 2463 (#23) ############################################
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
2 463
a conventional set of features, but they are given conventional minds,
and the jokes are based on a hypothetical conception of person-
ality. Dickens was a great humorist, and understood the nature of
the poor because he had been one of them; but his gentlemen and
ladies are lay figures. Thackeray's studies of the flunky are capital;
but he studies him qua flunky, as a naturalist might study an animal,
and hardly ranks him sub specie humanitatis. But to the American
humorist all men are primarily men. The waiter and the prince are
equally ridiculous to him, because in each he finds similar incongrui-
ties between the man and his surroundings; but in England there is
a deep impassable gulf between the man at the table and the man
behind his chair. This democratic independence of external and
adventitious circumstance sometimes gives a tone of irreverence to
American persiflage, and the temporary character of class distinctions
in America undoubtedly diminishes the amount of literary material
«in sight”; but when, as in the case of Browne and Clemens, there
is in the humorist's mind a basis of reverence for things and persons
that are really reverend, it gives a breadth and freedom to the
humorous conception that is distinctively American.
We put Clemens and Browne in the same line, because in reading
a page of either we feel at once the American touch. Browne of
course is not to be compared to Clemens in affluence or in range in
depicting humorous character-types; but it must be remembered that
Clemens has lived thirty active years longer than his predecessor
did. Neither has written a line that he would wish to blot for its
foul suggestion, or because it ridiculed things that were lovely and
of good report. Both were educated in journalism, and came into
direct contact with the strenuous and realistic life of labor. And
to repeat, though one was born and bred west of the Mississippi and
the other far down east,” both are distinctly American. Had either
been born and passed his childhood outside our magic line, this re-
semblance would not have existed. And yet we cannot say precisely
wherein this likeness lies, nor what caused it; so deep, so subtle,
so pervading is the influence of nationality. But their original ex-
pressions of the American humorous tone are worth ten thousand
literary echoes of Sterne or Lamb or Dickens or Thackeray.
The education of young Browne was limited to the strictly pre-
paratory years. At the age of thirteen he was forced by the death
of his father to try to earn his living. When about fourteen, he was
apprenticed to a Mr. Rex, who published a paper at Lancaster, New
Hampshire. He remained there about a year, then worked on vari-
ous country papers, and finally passed three years in the printing-
house of Snow and Wilder, Boston. He then went to Ohio, and after
working for some months on the Tiffin Advertiser, went to Toledo,
## p. 2464 (#24) ############################################
2464
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
where he remained till the fall of 1857. Thence he went to Cleveland,
Ohio, as local editor of the Plain Dealer. Here appeared the humor-
ous letters signed “Artemus Ward” and written in the character of
an itinerant showman. In 1860 he went to New York as editor of
the comic journal Vanity Fair.
His reputation grew steadily, and his first volume, Artemus
Ward, His Book,' was brought out in 1862. In 1863 he went to San
Francisco by way of the Isthmus and returned overland. This jour-
ney was chronicled in a short volume, Artemus Ward, His Travels. '
He had already undertaken a career of lecturing, and his comic
entertainments, given in a style peculiarly his own, became very
popular. The mimetic gift is frequently found in the humorist; and
Browne's peculiar drawl, his profound gravity and dreamy, far-away
expression, the unexpected character of his jokes and the surprise
with which he seemed to regard the audience, made a combination of
a delightfully quaint absurdity. Browne himself was a very winning
personality, and never failed to put his audience in good humor.
None who knew him twenty-nine years ago think of him without
tenderness. In 1866 he visited England, and became almost as pop-
ular there as lecturer and writer for Punch. He died from a
pulmonary trouble in Southampton, March 6th, 1867, being not quite
thirty-three years old. He was never married.
When we remember that a large part of Browne's mature life was
taken up in learning the printer's trade, in which he became a
master, we must decide that he had only entered on his career as
humorous writer. Much of what he wrote is simply amusing, with
little depth or power of suggestion; it is comic, not humorous. He
was gaining the ear of the public and training his powers of expres-
sion. What he has left consists of a few collections of sketches
written for a daily paper. But the subjoined extracts will show,
albeit dimly, that he was more than a joker, as under the cap and
bells of the fool in Lear we catch a glimpse of the face of a tender-
hearted and philosophic friend. Browne's nature was so kindly and
sympathetic, so pure and manly, that after he had achieved a repu-
tation and was relieved from immediate pecuniary pressure, he would
have felt an ambition to do some worthy work and take time to
bring out the best that was in him. As it is, he had only tried his
'prentice hand. Still, the figure of the old showman, though not very
solidly painted, is admirably done. He is a sort of sublimated and
unoffensive Barnum; perfectly consistent, permeated with his profes-
sional view of life, yet quite incapable of anything underhand or
mean; radically loyal to the Union, appreciative of the nature of his
animals, steady in his humorous attitude toward life: and above all,
not a composite of shreds and patches, but a personality. Slight as
## p. 2465 (#25) ############################################
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
2465
he is, and unconscious and unpracticed as is the art that went to his
creation, he is one of the humorous figures of all literature; and old
Sir John Falstaff, Sir Roger de Coverley, Uncle Toby, and Dr. Prim-
rose will not disdain to admit him into their company; for he too is
a man, not an abstraction, and need not be ashamed of his parent-
age nor doubtful of his standing among the “chiidren of the men of
wit. ”
EDWIN FORREST AS OTHELLO
D
URIN a recent visit to New York the undersined went to see
Edwin Forrest. As I am into the moral show biziness
myself I ginrally go to Barnum's moral museum, where
only moral peeple air admitted, partickly on Wednesday arter-
noons. But this time I thot I'd go and see Ed. Ed has bin
actin out on the stage for many years.
There is varis 'pinions
about his actin, Englishmen ginrally bleevin that he's far
superior to Mister Macready; but on one pint all agree, & that
is that Ed draws like a six-ox team. Ed was actin at Niblo's
Garding, which looks considerable more like a parster than a
garding, but let that pars. I sot down in the pit, took out
my spectacles and commenced peroosin the evenin's bill. The
awjince was all-fired large & the boxes was full of the elitty of
New York. Several opery glasses was leveled at me by Gotham's
fairest darters, but I didn't let on as tho I noticed it, tho mebby
I did take out my sixteen-dollar silver watch & brandish it
round more than was necessary. But the best of us has our
weaknesses & if a man has gewelry let him show it.
As I was
peroosin the bill a grave young man who sot near me axed me
if I'd ever seen Forrest dance the Essence of Old Virginny.
«He's immense in that,” sed the young man.
« He also does a
fair champion jig,” the young man continnered, “but his Big
Thing is the Essence of Old Virginny. " Sez I, “Fair youth, do
you know what I'd do with you if you was my sun ? ”
“No," sez he.
“Wall,” sez I, “I'd appint your funeral to-morrow arternoon,
& the korps should be ready. You're too smart to live on this
yerth. ”
He didn't try any more of his capers on me. But another
pussylanermuss individooul in a red vest and patent leather
boots told me his name was Bill Astor & axed
to lend
me
V-155
## p. 2466 (#26) ############################################
2466
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
corn.
him 50 cents till early in the mornin. I told him I'd probly
send it round to him before he retired to his virtoous couch, but
if I didn't he might look for it next fall as soon as I'd cut my
The orchestry was now fiddling with all their might &
as the peeple didn't understan anything about it they applaudid
versifrusly. Presently old Ed cum out. The play was Otheller
or More of Veniss. Otheller was writ by Wm. Shakspeer. The
seene is laid in Veniss.
Otheller was a likely man & was a
ginral in the Veniss army. He eloped with Desdemony, a darter
of the Hon. Mr. Brabantio, who represented one of the back
districks in the Veneshun legislater. Old Brabantio was as mad
as thunder at this & tore round considerable, but finally cooled
down, tellin Otheller, howsoever, that Desdemony had come it
over her par, & that he had better look out or she'd come it
over him likewise. Mr. and Mrs. Otheller git along very com-
fortable-like for a spell. She is sweet-tempered and lovin -a
nice, sensible female, never goin in for he-female conventions,
green cotton umbrellers, and pickled beats. Otheller is a good
provider and thinks all the world of his wife. She has a lazy
time of it, the hird girl doin all the cookin and washin. Desde-
mony in fact don't have to git the water to wash her own hands
with. But a low cuss named Iago, who I bleeve wants to git
Otheller out of his snug government birth, now goes to work
& upsets the Otheller family in most outrajus stile.
Iago falls
in with a brainless youth named Roderigo & wins all his money
at poker. (Iago allers played foul. ) He thus got money enuff to
carry out his onprincipled skeem. Mike Cassio, a Irishman, is
selected as a tool by Iago. Mike was a clever feller & a orficer
in Otheller's army.
He liked his tods too well, howsoever, &
they floored him as they have many other promisin young men.
Iago injuces Mike to drink with him, Iago slily throwin his
whiskey over his shoulder. Mike gits as drunk as a biled owl
& allows that he can lick a yard full of the Veneshun fancy
before breakfast, without sweatin a hair. He meets Roderigo
& proceeds for to smash him. A feller named Mentano under-
takes to slap Cassio, when that infatooated person runs his sword
into him. That miserble man, lago, pretends to be very sorry
to see Mike conduck hisself in this way & undertakes to smooth
the thing over to Otheller, who rushes in with a drawn sword
& wants to know what's up. Iago cunningly tells his story &
Otheller tells Mike that he thinks a good deal of him but that
## p. 2467 (#27) ############################################
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
2467
he cant train no more in his regiment. Desdemony sympathises
with poor Mike & interceds for him with Otheller. Iago makes
him bleeve she does this because she thinks more of Mike than
she does of hisself. Otheller swallers lagos lyin tail & goes to
makin a noosence of hisself ginrally.
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SIGILLVM
EX LIBRIS
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Crosch
ROBERT BURNS.
SS
## p. 2449 (#9) #############################################
· LIBRARY
OF
THE
WORLD'S BEST LITERATURE
Ancient and Modern
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
EDITOR
Bro-C
HAMILTON WRIGHT MABIE, LUCIA GILBERT RUNKLE,
GEORGE H. WARNER
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
THIRTY VOLUMES
VOL. V
NEW YORK
R. S. PEALE AND J. A. HILL
PUBLISHERS
## p. 2450 (#10) ############################################
017
L607
Vol. 5
**
COPYRIGHT 1897
BY R.
S.
PEALE AND J. A. HILL
All rights reserved
SHERRER COMPANIES
neon 3
KINDLAS
## p. 2451 (#11) ############################################
THE ADVISORY COUNCIL
CRAWFORD H. TOY, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Professor of Hebrew, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Mass.
THOMAS R. LOUNSBURY, LL. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, Conn.
WILLIAM M. SLOANE, Ph. D. , L. H. D. ,
Professor of History and Political Science,
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Princeton, N. J.
BRANDER MATTHEWS, A. M. , LL. B. ,
Professor of Literature, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York City.
JAMES B. ANGELL, LL. D. ,
President of the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLARD FISKE, A. M. , Ph. D. ,
Late Professor of the Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
and Literatures,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, N. Y.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Director of the Lick Observatory, and Astronomer,
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, Cal.
ALCÉE FORTIER, LIT. D. ,
Professor of the Romance Languages,
TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, La.
WILLIAM P. TRENT, M. A. ,
Dean of the Department of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of
English and History,
UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH, Sewanee, Tenn.
PAUL SHOREY, Ph. D. ,
S
Professor of Greek and Latin Literature,
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, Ill.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL. D. ,
United States Commissioner of Education,
BUREAU OF EDUCATION, Washington, D. C.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Professor of Literature in the
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D. C.
504573
## p. 2452 (#12) ############################################
:
## p. 2453 (#13) ############################################
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOL. V
LIVED
PAGE
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE (Artemus Ward)
1834-1867
2461
BY CHARLES F. JOHNSON
Edwin Forrest as Othello
High-Handed Outrage at Utica
Affairs Round the Village Green
Mr. Pepper (Artemus Ward : His Travels')
Horace Greeley's Ride to Placerville (same)
SIR THOMAS BROWNE
1605-1682
2473
BY FRANCIS BACON? 2* Frames
From the Religio Medici?
From Christian Morals)
From ‘Hydriotaphia, or Urn-Burial
From A Fragment on Mummies)
From A Letter to a Friend?
Some Relations Whose Truth We Fear (Pseudoxia Epi-
demica')
2511
WILLIAM BROWNE
1591-1643
Circe's Charm (Inner Temple Masque')
The Hunted Squirrel (Britannia's Pastorals')
As Careful Merchants Do Expecting Stand (same)
Song of the Sirens (“Inner Temple Masque')
An Epistle on Parting
Sonnets to Cælia
1820-1872
2519
HENRY HOWARD BROWNELL
Annus Memorabilis
Words for the "Hallelujah Chorus)
Coming
Psychaura
Suspiria Noctis
## p. 2454 (#14) ############################################
vi
LIVED
PAGE
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
A Musical Instrument
My Heart and I
From Catarina to Camoens)
The Sleep
The Cry of the Children
Mother and Poet
A Court Lady
The Prospect
1809-1861
2523
De Profundis
The Cry of the Human
Romance of the Swan's Nest
The Best Thing in the World
Sonnets from the Portuguese
A False Step
A Child's Thought of God
Cheerfulness Taught by Reason
ROBERT BROWNING
1812-1889
2557
BY E. L. BURLINGAME
Andrea del Sarto
Up at a Villa – Down in the City
A Toccata of Galuppi's
In Three Days
Confessions
In a Year
Love among the Ruins
Evelyn Hope
A Grammarian's Funeral Prospice
My Last Duchess
The Patriot
One Word More
1803-1876
2594
ORESTES AUGUSTUS BROWNSON
Saint-Simonism ( The Convert)
1849-
2603
FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE
BY ADOLPHE COHN
2613
Taine and Prince Napoleon
The Literatures of France, England, and Germany
GIORDANO BRUNO
1548--1600
A Discourse of Poets (“The Heroic Enthusiasts')
Canticle of the Shining Ones: A Tribute to English
Women (“The Nolan')
Song of the Nine Singers Parnassus Within
Of Immensity
Compensation
Life Well Lost
Life for Song
WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
1794-1878
2623
BY GEORGE PARSONS LATHROP
Thanatopsis
To a Water-fowl
The Crowded Street
Robert of Lincoln
Death of the Flowers
June
The Conqueror's Grave
To the Fringed Gentian
The Battle-Field
The Future Life
To the Past
## p. 2455 (#15) ############################################
vii
LIVED
PAGE
2643
JAMES BRYCE
1838-
Position of Women in the United States (The American
Commonwealth')
Ascent of Ararat ('Trans-Caucasia and Ararat')
The Work of the Roman Empire ('The Holy Roman
Empire')
Francis TREVELYAN BUCKLAND
1826-1880 2661
A Hunt in a Horse-Pond (“Curiosities of Natural History')
On Rats (same)
Snakes and their Poison (same)
My Monkey Jacko (same)
2673
HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE
1821-1862
Moral versus Intellectual Principles in Human Progress
(History of Civilization in England')
Mythical Origin of History (same)
GEORGE Louis LE CLERC BUFFON
1707-1788
2689
BY SPENCER TROTTER
Nature (Natural History ')
The Humming-Bird (same)
EDWARD BULWER-LYTTON
1803-1873
2697
BY JULIAN HAWTHORNE
The Amphitheatre ("The Last Days of Pompeii')
Kenelm and Lily (Kenelm Chillingly)
2731
HENRY CUYLER BUNNER
1855-1896
Triolet
The Love-Letters of Smith ("Short Sixes')
The Way to Arcady
Chant-Royal
JOHN BUNYAN
1628-1688
2747
BY EDWIN P. PARKER
The Fight with Apollyon (Pilgrim's Progress')
The Delectable Mountains (same)
Christiana and Her Companions Enter the Celestial City
(same)
## p. 2456 (#16) ############################################
viii
LIVED
PAGE
1747-1794
2767
GOTTFRIED AUGUST BÜRGER
William and Helen
The Wives of Weinsberg
EDMUND BURKE
1729-1797
2779
BY E. L. GODKIN
From Speech on Conciliation with America'
From Speech on "The Nabob of Arcot's Debts'
From Speech on (The French Revolution?
1849-
2809
FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT
At the Pit (“That Lass o' Lowrie's ')
2817
FRANCES BURNEY (Madame D'Arblay)
1752-1840
Evelina's Letter to the Rev. Mr. Villars (Evelina')
A Man of the Ton (Cecilia')
Miss Burney's Friends (Letters')
ROBERT BURNS
1759-1796
2833
BY RICHARD HENRY STODDARD
The Cotter's Saturday Night To a Mountain Daisy
John Anderson, My Jo
Tam o' Shanter
Man Was Made to Mourn Bruce to His Men at Ban-
Green Grow the Rashes
nockburn
A Man's a Man for A' That Highland Mary
To a Mouse
My Heart's in the Highlands
The Banks o' Doon
1837-
2867
JOHN BURROUGHS
Sharp Eyes (Locusts and Wild Honey)
Waiting
2883
Sir Richard F. BURTON
1821-1890
The Preternatural in Fiction ('The Book of a Thousand
Nights and a Night')
A Journey in Disguise (“The Personal Narrative of a Pil-
grimage to El Medinah and Meccah')
En Route (same)
2901
ROBERT BURTON
1577-1640
Conclusions as to Melancholy ("The Anatomy of Melan-
choly)
## p. 2457 (#17) ############################################
ix
LIVED
PAGE
HORACE BUSHNELL
1802-1876
2909
BY THEODORE T. MUNGER
Work and Play
The Founders (“Work and Play ')
Religious Music (same)
1612–1680
2927
SAMUEL BUTLER
Hudibras Described
LORD BYRON
1788-1824
2935
BY CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
Maid of Athens
Translation of a Romaic Song
Greece ("The Giaour')
The Hellespont and Troy (The Bride of Abydos')
Greece and her Heroes ("The Siege of Corinth')
The Isles of Greece (Don Juan')
Greece and the Greeks before the Revolution (Childe
Harold's Pilgrimage')
To Rome (same)
The Coliseum (same)
Chorus of Spirits (“The Deformed Transformed')
Venice (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Ode to Venice
The East (The Bride of Abydos')
Oriental Royalty (Don Juan')
A Grecian Sunset ( The Curse of Minerva')
An Italian Sunset ("Childe Harold's Pilgrimage ')
Twilight (Don Juan')
An Alpine Storin (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
The Ocean (same)
The Shipwreck (Don Juan')
Love on the Island (Don Juan')
The Two Butterflies (The Giaour')
To His Sister (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Ode to Napoleon
The Battle of Waterloo (“Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Mazeppa's Ride (Mazeppa')
The Irish Avatar
The Dream
She Walks in Beauty (Hebrew Melodies')
## p. 2458 (#18) ############################################
X
LIVED
PAGE
LORD BYRON - Continued :
Destruction of Sennacherib (Hebrew Melodies')
From The Prisoner of Chillon
Prometheus
A Summing-Up ("Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
On This Day I Complete my Thirty-sixth Year
3001
FERNAN CABALLERO (Cecilia Böhl de Faber) 1796-1877
The Bull-Fight (La Gaviota')
In the Home Circle (same)
1844-
3017
GEORGE W. CABLE
« Posson Jone'» (Old Creole Days')
CAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR
100-44 B. C.
3037
BY J. H. WESTCOTT
Defeat of Ariovistus and the Germans (“The Gallic Wars')
On the Manners and Customs of Ancient Gauls and Ger-
mans (same)
The Two Lieutenants (same)
Epigram on Terentius
1853-
3067
THOMAS HENRY HALL CAINE
Pete Quilliam's First-Born ("The Manxman')
## p. 2459 (#19) ############################################
LIST OF PORTRAITS
IN VOL. V
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Charles Farrar Browne (Artemus Ward)
Sir Thomas Browne
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Robert Browning
Orestes Augustus Brownson
Ferdinand Brunetière
William Cullen Bryant
James Bryce
Buffon
Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Henry Cuyler Bunner
John Bunyan
Gottfried August Bürger
Edmund Burke
Frances Burney (Madame D'Arblay)
Robert Burns
Sir Richard F. Burton
Robert Burton
John Burroughs
Horace Bushnell
Samuel Butler
Lord Byron
George W. Cable
Julius Cæsar
Thomas Henry Hall Caine
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
## p. 2460 (#20) ############################################
1
1
## p. 2461 (#21) ############################################
2461
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE (ARTEMUS WARD)
(1834-1867)
BY CHARLES F. JOHNSON
a
HARLES FARRAR BROWNE, better known to the public of thirty
years ago under his pen-name of Artemus Ward, was born
in the little village of Waterford, Maine, on the 26th day of
April, 1834. Waterford is a quiet village of about seven hundred in-
habitants, lying among the foot-hills of the White Mountains. When
Browne was a child it was a station on the western stage-route, and
an important depot for lumbermen's supplies. Since the extension
of railroads northerly and westerly from the seaboard, it has how-
ever shared the fate of many New Eng-
land villages in being left on one side of
the main currents of commercial activity,
and gradually assuming a character of
repose and leisure, in many regards more
attractive than the life and bustle of ear-
lier days. Many persons are still living
there who remember the humorist as
quaint and tricksy boy, alternating between
laughter and preternatural gravity, and of
surprising ingenuity in devising odd
practical jokes in which good nature so
far prevailed that even the victims were
too much amused to be very angry.
CHARLES F. BROWNE
On both sides, he came froin original
New England stock; and although he was proud of his descent from
a very ancient English family, in deference to whom he wrote his
with the final «e,” he felt greater pride in his American
ancestors, and always said that they were genuine and primitive
Yankees, - people of intelligence, activity, and integrity in business,
but entirely unaffected by new-fangled ideas. It is interesting to
notice that Browne's humor was hereditary on the paternal side, his
father especially being noted for his quaint sayings and harmless
eccentricities. His cousin Daniel many years later bore a strong
resemblance to what Charles had been, and he too possessed a kin-
dred humorous faculty and told a story in much the same solemn
manner, bringing out the point' as if it were something entirely irrele-
vant and unimportant and casually remembered. The subject of this
name
## p. 2462 (#22) ############################################
2462
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
a а
sketch, however, was the only member of the family in whom a
love for the droll and incongruous was a controlling disposition. As
is frequently the case, a family trait was intensified in one individual
to the point where talent passes over into genius.
On his mother's side, too, Browne was a thorough-bred New-Eng-
lander. His maternal grandfather, Mr. Calvin Farrar, was a man of
influence in town and State, and was able to send two of his sons to
Bowdoin College. I have mentioned Browne's parentage because his
humor is so essentially American. Whether this consists in
peculiar gravity in the humorous attitude towards the subject, rather
than playfulness, or in a tendency to exaggerated statement, or in a
broad humanitarian standpoint, or in a certain flavor given by a
blending of all these, it is very difficult to decide. Probably the
peculiar standpoint is the distinguishing note, and American humor is
a product of democracy.
Humor is as difficult of definition as is poetry. It is an intimate
quality of the mind, which predisposes a man to look for remote
and unreal analogies and to present them gravely as if they were
valid. It sees that many of the objects valued by men are illusions,
and it expresses this conviction by assuming that other manifest
trifles are important. It is the deadly enemy of sentimentality and
affectation, for its vision is clear. Although it turns everything
topsy-turvy in sport, its world is not a chaos nor a child's play-
ground, for humor is based on keen perception of truth. There is
no method — except the highest poetic treatment, which reveals so
distinctly the falsehoods and hypocrisies of the social and economic
order as the reductio ad absurdum of humor; for all human institu-
tions have their ridiculous sides, which astonish and amuse us when
pointed out, but from viewing which we suddenly become aware of
relative values before misunderstood. But just as poetry may degen-
erate into a musical collection of words and painting into a decorat-
ive association of colors, so humor may degenerate into the merely
comic or amusing. The laugh which true humor arouses is not far
removed from tears. Humor indeed is not always associated with
kindliness, for we have the sardonic humor of Carlyle and the sav-
age humor of Swift; but it is naturally dissociated from egotism, and
is never more attractive than when, as in the case of Charles Lamb
and Oliver Goldsmith, it is based on a loving and generous interest
in humanity.
Humor must rest on a broad human foundation, and cannot be
narrowed to the notions of a certain class. But in most English
humor, as indeed in all English literature except the very high-
est, — the social class to which the writer does not belong is regarded
ab extra. In Punch, for instance, not only are servants always given
## p. 2463 (#23) ############################################
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
2 463
a conventional set of features, but they are given conventional minds,
and the jokes are based on a hypothetical conception of person-
ality. Dickens was a great humorist, and understood the nature of
the poor because he had been one of them; but his gentlemen and
ladies are lay figures. Thackeray's studies of the flunky are capital;
but he studies him qua flunky, as a naturalist might study an animal,
and hardly ranks him sub specie humanitatis. But to the American
humorist all men are primarily men. The waiter and the prince are
equally ridiculous to him, because in each he finds similar incongrui-
ties between the man and his surroundings; but in England there is
a deep impassable gulf between the man at the table and the man
behind his chair. This democratic independence of external and
adventitious circumstance sometimes gives a tone of irreverence to
American persiflage, and the temporary character of class distinctions
in America undoubtedly diminishes the amount of literary material
«in sight”; but when, as in the case of Browne and Clemens, there
is in the humorist's mind a basis of reverence for things and persons
that are really reverend, it gives a breadth and freedom to the
humorous conception that is distinctively American.
We put Clemens and Browne in the same line, because in reading
a page of either we feel at once the American touch. Browne of
course is not to be compared to Clemens in affluence or in range in
depicting humorous character-types; but it must be remembered that
Clemens has lived thirty active years longer than his predecessor
did. Neither has written a line that he would wish to blot for its
foul suggestion, or because it ridiculed things that were lovely and
of good report. Both were educated in journalism, and came into
direct contact with the strenuous and realistic life of labor. And
to repeat, though one was born and bred west of the Mississippi and
the other far down east,” both are distinctly American. Had either
been born and passed his childhood outside our magic line, this re-
semblance would not have existed. And yet we cannot say precisely
wherein this likeness lies, nor what caused it; so deep, so subtle,
so pervading is the influence of nationality. But their original ex-
pressions of the American humorous tone are worth ten thousand
literary echoes of Sterne or Lamb or Dickens or Thackeray.
The education of young Browne was limited to the strictly pre-
paratory years. At the age of thirteen he was forced by the death
of his father to try to earn his living. When about fourteen, he was
apprenticed to a Mr. Rex, who published a paper at Lancaster, New
Hampshire. He remained there about a year, then worked on vari-
ous country papers, and finally passed three years in the printing-
house of Snow and Wilder, Boston. He then went to Ohio, and after
working for some months on the Tiffin Advertiser, went to Toledo,
## p. 2464 (#24) ############################################
2464
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
where he remained till the fall of 1857. Thence he went to Cleveland,
Ohio, as local editor of the Plain Dealer.
,
President of the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLARD FISKE, A. M. , Ph. D. ,
Late Professor of the Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
and Literatures,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, N. Y.
EDWARD S. HOLDEN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Director of the Lick Observatory, and Astronomer,
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Berkeley, Cal.
ALCÉE FORTIER, LIT. D. ,
Professor of the Romance Languages,
TULANE UNIVERSITY, New Orleans, La.
WILLIAM P. TRENT, M. A. ,
Dean of the Department of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of
English and History,
UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH, Sewanee, Tenn.
PAUL SHOREY, Ph. D. ,
S
Professor of Greek and Latin Literature,
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, Ill.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL. D. ,
United States Commissioner of Education,
BUREAU OF EDUCATION, Washington, D. C.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, A. M. , LL. D. ,
Professor of Literature in the
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D. C.
504573
## p. 2452 (#12) ############################################
:
## p. 2453 (#13) ############################################
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOL. V
LIVED
PAGE
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE (Artemus Ward)
1834-1867
2461
BY CHARLES F. JOHNSON
Edwin Forrest as Othello
High-Handed Outrage at Utica
Affairs Round the Village Green
Mr. Pepper (Artemus Ward : His Travels')
Horace Greeley's Ride to Placerville (same)
SIR THOMAS BROWNE
1605-1682
2473
BY FRANCIS BACON? 2* Frames
From the Religio Medici?
From Christian Morals)
From ‘Hydriotaphia, or Urn-Burial
From A Fragment on Mummies)
From A Letter to a Friend?
Some Relations Whose Truth We Fear (Pseudoxia Epi-
demica')
2511
WILLIAM BROWNE
1591-1643
Circe's Charm (Inner Temple Masque')
The Hunted Squirrel (Britannia's Pastorals')
As Careful Merchants Do Expecting Stand (same)
Song of the Sirens (“Inner Temple Masque')
An Epistle on Parting
Sonnets to Cælia
1820-1872
2519
HENRY HOWARD BROWNELL
Annus Memorabilis
Words for the "Hallelujah Chorus)
Coming
Psychaura
Suspiria Noctis
## p. 2454 (#14) ############################################
vi
LIVED
PAGE
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
A Musical Instrument
My Heart and I
From Catarina to Camoens)
The Sleep
The Cry of the Children
Mother and Poet
A Court Lady
The Prospect
1809-1861
2523
De Profundis
The Cry of the Human
Romance of the Swan's Nest
The Best Thing in the World
Sonnets from the Portuguese
A False Step
A Child's Thought of God
Cheerfulness Taught by Reason
ROBERT BROWNING
1812-1889
2557
BY E. L. BURLINGAME
Andrea del Sarto
Up at a Villa – Down in the City
A Toccata of Galuppi's
In Three Days
Confessions
In a Year
Love among the Ruins
Evelyn Hope
A Grammarian's Funeral Prospice
My Last Duchess
The Patriot
One Word More
1803-1876
2594
ORESTES AUGUSTUS BROWNSON
Saint-Simonism ( The Convert)
1849-
2603
FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE
BY ADOLPHE COHN
2613
Taine and Prince Napoleon
The Literatures of France, England, and Germany
GIORDANO BRUNO
1548--1600
A Discourse of Poets (“The Heroic Enthusiasts')
Canticle of the Shining Ones: A Tribute to English
Women (“The Nolan')
Song of the Nine Singers Parnassus Within
Of Immensity
Compensation
Life Well Lost
Life for Song
WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
1794-1878
2623
BY GEORGE PARSONS LATHROP
Thanatopsis
To a Water-fowl
The Crowded Street
Robert of Lincoln
Death of the Flowers
June
The Conqueror's Grave
To the Fringed Gentian
The Battle-Field
The Future Life
To the Past
## p. 2455 (#15) ############################################
vii
LIVED
PAGE
2643
JAMES BRYCE
1838-
Position of Women in the United States (The American
Commonwealth')
Ascent of Ararat ('Trans-Caucasia and Ararat')
The Work of the Roman Empire ('The Holy Roman
Empire')
Francis TREVELYAN BUCKLAND
1826-1880 2661
A Hunt in a Horse-Pond (“Curiosities of Natural History')
On Rats (same)
Snakes and their Poison (same)
My Monkey Jacko (same)
2673
HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE
1821-1862
Moral versus Intellectual Principles in Human Progress
(History of Civilization in England')
Mythical Origin of History (same)
GEORGE Louis LE CLERC BUFFON
1707-1788
2689
BY SPENCER TROTTER
Nature (Natural History ')
The Humming-Bird (same)
EDWARD BULWER-LYTTON
1803-1873
2697
BY JULIAN HAWTHORNE
The Amphitheatre ("The Last Days of Pompeii')
Kenelm and Lily (Kenelm Chillingly)
2731
HENRY CUYLER BUNNER
1855-1896
Triolet
The Love-Letters of Smith ("Short Sixes')
The Way to Arcady
Chant-Royal
JOHN BUNYAN
1628-1688
2747
BY EDWIN P. PARKER
The Fight with Apollyon (Pilgrim's Progress')
The Delectable Mountains (same)
Christiana and Her Companions Enter the Celestial City
(same)
## p. 2456 (#16) ############################################
viii
LIVED
PAGE
1747-1794
2767
GOTTFRIED AUGUST BÜRGER
William and Helen
The Wives of Weinsberg
EDMUND BURKE
1729-1797
2779
BY E. L. GODKIN
From Speech on Conciliation with America'
From Speech on "The Nabob of Arcot's Debts'
From Speech on (The French Revolution?
1849-
2809
FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT
At the Pit (“That Lass o' Lowrie's ')
2817
FRANCES BURNEY (Madame D'Arblay)
1752-1840
Evelina's Letter to the Rev. Mr. Villars (Evelina')
A Man of the Ton (Cecilia')
Miss Burney's Friends (Letters')
ROBERT BURNS
1759-1796
2833
BY RICHARD HENRY STODDARD
The Cotter's Saturday Night To a Mountain Daisy
John Anderson, My Jo
Tam o' Shanter
Man Was Made to Mourn Bruce to His Men at Ban-
Green Grow the Rashes
nockburn
A Man's a Man for A' That Highland Mary
To a Mouse
My Heart's in the Highlands
The Banks o' Doon
1837-
2867
JOHN BURROUGHS
Sharp Eyes (Locusts and Wild Honey)
Waiting
2883
Sir Richard F. BURTON
1821-1890
The Preternatural in Fiction ('The Book of a Thousand
Nights and a Night')
A Journey in Disguise (“The Personal Narrative of a Pil-
grimage to El Medinah and Meccah')
En Route (same)
2901
ROBERT BURTON
1577-1640
Conclusions as to Melancholy ("The Anatomy of Melan-
choly)
## p. 2457 (#17) ############################################
ix
LIVED
PAGE
HORACE BUSHNELL
1802-1876
2909
BY THEODORE T. MUNGER
Work and Play
The Founders (“Work and Play ')
Religious Music (same)
1612–1680
2927
SAMUEL BUTLER
Hudibras Described
LORD BYRON
1788-1824
2935
BY CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
Maid of Athens
Translation of a Romaic Song
Greece ("The Giaour')
The Hellespont and Troy (The Bride of Abydos')
Greece and her Heroes ("The Siege of Corinth')
The Isles of Greece (Don Juan')
Greece and the Greeks before the Revolution (Childe
Harold's Pilgrimage')
To Rome (same)
The Coliseum (same)
Chorus of Spirits (“The Deformed Transformed')
Venice (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Ode to Venice
The East (The Bride of Abydos')
Oriental Royalty (Don Juan')
A Grecian Sunset ( The Curse of Minerva')
An Italian Sunset ("Childe Harold's Pilgrimage ')
Twilight (Don Juan')
An Alpine Storin (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
The Ocean (same)
The Shipwreck (Don Juan')
Love on the Island (Don Juan')
The Two Butterflies (The Giaour')
To His Sister (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Ode to Napoleon
The Battle of Waterloo (“Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
Mazeppa's Ride (Mazeppa')
The Irish Avatar
The Dream
She Walks in Beauty (Hebrew Melodies')
## p. 2458 (#18) ############################################
X
LIVED
PAGE
LORD BYRON - Continued :
Destruction of Sennacherib (Hebrew Melodies')
From The Prisoner of Chillon
Prometheus
A Summing-Up ("Childe Harold's Pilgrimage')
On This Day I Complete my Thirty-sixth Year
3001
FERNAN CABALLERO (Cecilia Böhl de Faber) 1796-1877
The Bull-Fight (La Gaviota')
In the Home Circle (same)
1844-
3017
GEORGE W. CABLE
« Posson Jone'» (Old Creole Days')
CAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR
100-44 B. C.
3037
BY J. H. WESTCOTT
Defeat of Ariovistus and the Germans (“The Gallic Wars')
On the Manners and Customs of Ancient Gauls and Ger-
mans (same)
The Two Lieutenants (same)
Epigram on Terentius
1853-
3067
THOMAS HENRY HALL CAINE
Pete Quilliam's First-Born ("The Manxman')
## p. 2459 (#19) ############################################
LIST OF PORTRAITS
IN VOL. V
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Charles Farrar Browne (Artemus Ward)
Sir Thomas Browne
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Robert Browning
Orestes Augustus Brownson
Ferdinand Brunetière
William Cullen Bryant
James Bryce
Buffon
Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Henry Cuyler Bunner
John Bunyan
Gottfried August Bürger
Edmund Burke
Frances Burney (Madame D'Arblay)
Robert Burns
Sir Richard F. Burton
Robert Burton
John Burroughs
Horace Bushnell
Samuel Butler
Lord Byron
George W. Cable
Julius Cæsar
Thomas Henry Hall Caine
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
Full page
Vignette
## p. 2460 (#20) ############################################
1
1
## p. 2461 (#21) ############################################
2461
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE (ARTEMUS WARD)
(1834-1867)
BY CHARLES F. JOHNSON
a
HARLES FARRAR BROWNE, better known to the public of thirty
years ago under his pen-name of Artemus Ward, was born
in the little village of Waterford, Maine, on the 26th day of
April, 1834. Waterford is a quiet village of about seven hundred in-
habitants, lying among the foot-hills of the White Mountains. When
Browne was a child it was a station on the western stage-route, and
an important depot for lumbermen's supplies. Since the extension
of railroads northerly and westerly from the seaboard, it has how-
ever shared the fate of many New Eng-
land villages in being left on one side of
the main currents of commercial activity,
and gradually assuming a character of
repose and leisure, in many regards more
attractive than the life and bustle of ear-
lier days. Many persons are still living
there who remember the humorist as
quaint and tricksy boy, alternating between
laughter and preternatural gravity, and of
surprising ingenuity in devising odd
practical jokes in which good nature so
far prevailed that even the victims were
too much amused to be very angry.
CHARLES F. BROWNE
On both sides, he came froin original
New England stock; and although he was proud of his descent from
a very ancient English family, in deference to whom he wrote his
with the final «e,” he felt greater pride in his American
ancestors, and always said that they were genuine and primitive
Yankees, - people of intelligence, activity, and integrity in business,
but entirely unaffected by new-fangled ideas. It is interesting to
notice that Browne's humor was hereditary on the paternal side, his
father especially being noted for his quaint sayings and harmless
eccentricities. His cousin Daniel many years later bore a strong
resemblance to what Charles had been, and he too possessed a kin-
dred humorous faculty and told a story in much the same solemn
manner, bringing out the point' as if it were something entirely irrele-
vant and unimportant and casually remembered. The subject of this
name
## p. 2462 (#22) ############################################
2462
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
a а
sketch, however, was the only member of the family in whom a
love for the droll and incongruous was a controlling disposition. As
is frequently the case, a family trait was intensified in one individual
to the point where talent passes over into genius.
On his mother's side, too, Browne was a thorough-bred New-Eng-
lander. His maternal grandfather, Mr. Calvin Farrar, was a man of
influence in town and State, and was able to send two of his sons to
Bowdoin College. I have mentioned Browne's parentage because his
humor is so essentially American. Whether this consists in
peculiar gravity in the humorous attitude towards the subject, rather
than playfulness, or in a tendency to exaggerated statement, or in a
broad humanitarian standpoint, or in a certain flavor given by a
blending of all these, it is very difficult to decide. Probably the
peculiar standpoint is the distinguishing note, and American humor is
a product of democracy.
Humor is as difficult of definition as is poetry. It is an intimate
quality of the mind, which predisposes a man to look for remote
and unreal analogies and to present them gravely as if they were
valid. It sees that many of the objects valued by men are illusions,
and it expresses this conviction by assuming that other manifest
trifles are important. It is the deadly enemy of sentimentality and
affectation, for its vision is clear. Although it turns everything
topsy-turvy in sport, its world is not a chaos nor a child's play-
ground, for humor is based on keen perception of truth. There is
no method — except the highest poetic treatment, which reveals so
distinctly the falsehoods and hypocrisies of the social and economic
order as the reductio ad absurdum of humor; for all human institu-
tions have their ridiculous sides, which astonish and amuse us when
pointed out, but from viewing which we suddenly become aware of
relative values before misunderstood. But just as poetry may degen-
erate into a musical collection of words and painting into a decorat-
ive association of colors, so humor may degenerate into the merely
comic or amusing. The laugh which true humor arouses is not far
removed from tears. Humor indeed is not always associated with
kindliness, for we have the sardonic humor of Carlyle and the sav-
age humor of Swift; but it is naturally dissociated from egotism, and
is never more attractive than when, as in the case of Charles Lamb
and Oliver Goldsmith, it is based on a loving and generous interest
in humanity.
Humor must rest on a broad human foundation, and cannot be
narrowed to the notions of a certain class. But in most English
humor, as indeed in all English literature except the very high-
est, — the social class to which the writer does not belong is regarded
ab extra. In Punch, for instance, not only are servants always given
## p. 2463 (#23) ############################################
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
2 463
a conventional set of features, but they are given conventional minds,
and the jokes are based on a hypothetical conception of person-
ality. Dickens was a great humorist, and understood the nature of
the poor because he had been one of them; but his gentlemen and
ladies are lay figures. Thackeray's studies of the flunky are capital;
but he studies him qua flunky, as a naturalist might study an animal,
and hardly ranks him sub specie humanitatis. But to the American
humorist all men are primarily men. The waiter and the prince are
equally ridiculous to him, because in each he finds similar incongrui-
ties between the man and his surroundings; but in England there is
a deep impassable gulf between the man at the table and the man
behind his chair. This democratic independence of external and
adventitious circumstance sometimes gives a tone of irreverence to
American persiflage, and the temporary character of class distinctions
in America undoubtedly diminishes the amount of literary material
«in sight”; but when, as in the case of Browne and Clemens, there
is in the humorist's mind a basis of reverence for things and persons
that are really reverend, it gives a breadth and freedom to the
humorous conception that is distinctively American.
We put Clemens and Browne in the same line, because in reading
a page of either we feel at once the American touch. Browne of
course is not to be compared to Clemens in affluence or in range in
depicting humorous character-types; but it must be remembered that
Clemens has lived thirty active years longer than his predecessor
did. Neither has written a line that he would wish to blot for its
foul suggestion, or because it ridiculed things that were lovely and
of good report. Both were educated in journalism, and came into
direct contact with the strenuous and realistic life of labor. And
to repeat, though one was born and bred west of the Mississippi and
the other far down east,” both are distinctly American. Had either
been born and passed his childhood outside our magic line, this re-
semblance would not have existed. And yet we cannot say precisely
wherein this likeness lies, nor what caused it; so deep, so subtle,
so pervading is the influence of nationality. But their original ex-
pressions of the American humorous tone are worth ten thousand
literary echoes of Sterne or Lamb or Dickens or Thackeray.
The education of young Browne was limited to the strictly pre-
paratory years. At the age of thirteen he was forced by the death
of his father to try to earn his living. When about fourteen, he was
apprenticed to a Mr. Rex, who published a paper at Lancaster, New
Hampshire. He remained there about a year, then worked on vari-
ous country papers, and finally passed three years in the printing-
house of Snow and Wilder, Boston. He then went to Ohio, and after
working for some months on the Tiffin Advertiser, went to Toledo,
## p. 2464 (#24) ############################################
2464
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
where he remained till the fall of 1857. Thence he went to Cleveland,
Ohio, as local editor of the Plain Dealer. Here appeared the humor-
ous letters signed “Artemus Ward” and written in the character of
an itinerant showman. In 1860 he went to New York as editor of
the comic journal Vanity Fair.
His reputation grew steadily, and his first volume, Artemus
Ward, His Book,' was brought out in 1862. In 1863 he went to San
Francisco by way of the Isthmus and returned overland. This jour-
ney was chronicled in a short volume, Artemus Ward, His Travels. '
He had already undertaken a career of lecturing, and his comic
entertainments, given in a style peculiarly his own, became very
popular. The mimetic gift is frequently found in the humorist; and
Browne's peculiar drawl, his profound gravity and dreamy, far-away
expression, the unexpected character of his jokes and the surprise
with which he seemed to regard the audience, made a combination of
a delightfully quaint absurdity. Browne himself was a very winning
personality, and never failed to put his audience in good humor.
None who knew him twenty-nine years ago think of him without
tenderness. In 1866 he visited England, and became almost as pop-
ular there as lecturer and writer for Punch. He died from a
pulmonary trouble in Southampton, March 6th, 1867, being not quite
thirty-three years old. He was never married.
When we remember that a large part of Browne's mature life was
taken up in learning the printer's trade, in which he became a
master, we must decide that he had only entered on his career as
humorous writer. Much of what he wrote is simply amusing, with
little depth or power of suggestion; it is comic, not humorous. He
was gaining the ear of the public and training his powers of expres-
sion. What he has left consists of a few collections of sketches
written for a daily paper. But the subjoined extracts will show,
albeit dimly, that he was more than a joker, as under the cap and
bells of the fool in Lear we catch a glimpse of the face of a tender-
hearted and philosophic friend. Browne's nature was so kindly and
sympathetic, so pure and manly, that after he had achieved a repu-
tation and was relieved from immediate pecuniary pressure, he would
have felt an ambition to do some worthy work and take time to
bring out the best that was in him. As it is, he had only tried his
'prentice hand. Still, the figure of the old showman, though not very
solidly painted, is admirably done. He is a sort of sublimated and
unoffensive Barnum; perfectly consistent, permeated with his profes-
sional view of life, yet quite incapable of anything underhand or
mean; radically loyal to the Union, appreciative of the nature of his
animals, steady in his humorous attitude toward life: and above all,
not a composite of shreds and patches, but a personality. Slight as
## p. 2465 (#25) ############################################
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
2465
he is, and unconscious and unpracticed as is the art that went to his
creation, he is one of the humorous figures of all literature; and old
Sir John Falstaff, Sir Roger de Coverley, Uncle Toby, and Dr. Prim-
rose will not disdain to admit him into their company; for he too is
a man, not an abstraction, and need not be ashamed of his parent-
age nor doubtful of his standing among the “chiidren of the men of
wit. ”
EDWIN FORREST AS OTHELLO
D
URIN a recent visit to New York the undersined went to see
Edwin Forrest. As I am into the moral show biziness
myself I ginrally go to Barnum's moral museum, where
only moral peeple air admitted, partickly on Wednesday arter-
noons. But this time I thot I'd go and see Ed. Ed has bin
actin out on the stage for many years.
There is varis 'pinions
about his actin, Englishmen ginrally bleevin that he's far
superior to Mister Macready; but on one pint all agree, & that
is that Ed draws like a six-ox team. Ed was actin at Niblo's
Garding, which looks considerable more like a parster than a
garding, but let that pars. I sot down in the pit, took out
my spectacles and commenced peroosin the evenin's bill. The
awjince was all-fired large & the boxes was full of the elitty of
New York. Several opery glasses was leveled at me by Gotham's
fairest darters, but I didn't let on as tho I noticed it, tho mebby
I did take out my sixteen-dollar silver watch & brandish it
round more than was necessary. But the best of us has our
weaknesses & if a man has gewelry let him show it.
As I was
peroosin the bill a grave young man who sot near me axed me
if I'd ever seen Forrest dance the Essence of Old Virginny.
«He's immense in that,” sed the young man.
« He also does a
fair champion jig,” the young man continnered, “but his Big
Thing is the Essence of Old Virginny. " Sez I, “Fair youth, do
you know what I'd do with you if you was my sun ? ”
“No," sez he.
“Wall,” sez I, “I'd appint your funeral to-morrow arternoon,
& the korps should be ready. You're too smart to live on this
yerth. ”
He didn't try any more of his capers on me. But another
pussylanermuss individooul in a red vest and patent leather
boots told me his name was Bill Astor & axed
to lend
me
V-155
## p. 2466 (#26) ############################################
2466
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
corn.
him 50 cents till early in the mornin. I told him I'd probly
send it round to him before he retired to his virtoous couch, but
if I didn't he might look for it next fall as soon as I'd cut my
The orchestry was now fiddling with all their might &
as the peeple didn't understan anything about it they applaudid
versifrusly. Presently old Ed cum out. The play was Otheller
or More of Veniss. Otheller was writ by Wm. Shakspeer. The
seene is laid in Veniss.
Otheller was a likely man & was a
ginral in the Veniss army. He eloped with Desdemony, a darter
of the Hon. Mr. Brabantio, who represented one of the back
districks in the Veneshun legislater. Old Brabantio was as mad
as thunder at this & tore round considerable, but finally cooled
down, tellin Otheller, howsoever, that Desdemony had come it
over her par, & that he had better look out or she'd come it
over him likewise. Mr. and Mrs. Otheller git along very com-
fortable-like for a spell. She is sweet-tempered and lovin -a
nice, sensible female, never goin in for he-female conventions,
green cotton umbrellers, and pickled beats. Otheller is a good
provider and thinks all the world of his wife. She has a lazy
time of it, the hird girl doin all the cookin and washin. Desde-
mony in fact don't have to git the water to wash her own hands
with. But a low cuss named Iago, who I bleeve wants to git
Otheller out of his snug government birth, now goes to work
& upsets the Otheller family in most outrajus stile.
Iago falls
in with a brainless youth named Roderigo & wins all his money
at poker. (Iago allers played foul. ) He thus got money enuff to
carry out his onprincipled skeem. Mike Cassio, a Irishman, is
selected as a tool by Iago. Mike was a clever feller & a orficer
in Otheller's army.
He liked his tods too well, howsoever, &
they floored him as they have many other promisin young men.
Iago injuces Mike to drink with him, Iago slily throwin his
whiskey over his shoulder. Mike gits as drunk as a biled owl
& allows that he can lick a yard full of the Veneshun fancy
before breakfast, without sweatin a hair. He meets Roderigo
& proceeds for to smash him. A feller named Mentano under-
takes to slap Cassio, when that infatooated person runs his sword
into him. That miserble man, lago, pretends to be very sorry
to see Mike conduck hisself in this way & undertakes to smooth
the thing over to Otheller, who rushes in with a drawn sword
& wants to know what's up. Iago cunningly tells his story &
Otheller tells Mike that he thinks a good deal of him but that
## p. 2467 (#27) ############################################
CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE
2467
he cant train no more in his regiment. Desdemony sympathises
with poor Mike & interceds for him with Otheller. Iago makes
him bleeve she does this because she thinks more of Mike than
she does of hisself. Otheller swallers lagos lyin tail & goes to
makin a noosence of hisself ginrally.
