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FOOTNOTES:
[1] Justin, XXIV. 4. --Titus Livius, V. 48.
[2] Polybius, II. 17-19. --Titus Livius, V. 35.
[3] Pausanias, X. 19-23. --Diodorus Siculus, _Eclog. _, XXII. 13.
[4] Strabo, IV. p. 156, edit. Dübner and Müller. --Justin, XXXII. 3.
[5] Polybius, IV. 46.
[6] Justin, XXV. 2. --Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 16. --Pausanias, VII. 6, § 5.
[7] Polybius, XXXIII. 7, 8. --Titus Livius, _Epitome_, XLVII.
[8] Strabo, IV. , p. 169.
[9] Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LX.
[10] Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LXI.
[11] Strabo, IV. , pp. 154, 159. --Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LXI. --Florus,
III. 2. --Velleius Paterculus, II. 10.
[12] Lucan, I. 424.
[13] Cæsar, _De Bello Gallico_, I. 45. --Strabo, IV. , p. 158.
[14] Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LXII. --Eutropius, IV. 10. --Velleius
Paterculus, I. 15.
[15] Strabo, VII. , p. 243.
[16] This victory was gained by the Tigurini, a people of Helvetia, on
the territory of the Allobroges. According to the _Epitome_ of Titus
Livius (LXV. ), the battle took place in the district of the Nitiobriges,
a people inhabiting the banks of the Garonne, which is not very
probable.
[17] After pillaging the temple of Toulouse.
[18] Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LXVII. --Tacitus, _Germania_, 37.
[19] _Jugurtha_, 114.
[20] _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 13.
[21] _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 13.
[22] The fugitives from Vienne founded the town which subsequently took
the name of _Lugdunum_, in a place called _Condate_, which is synonymous
with confluence. (Dio Cassius, XLVI. 50. )
[23] _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 13.
[24] _Jugurtha_, 114.
[25] Cicero, _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 13.
[26] Cicero, _Epist. ad Atticum_, I. 19.
[27] Plutarch, _Cæsar_, 41. --Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 41.
[28] Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 41.
[29] Plutarch, _Cæsar_, 41. --Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 41.
[30] Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 41.
[31] Cicero, _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 11. --Dio Cassius, XL.
50.
[32] Cicero, _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 14.
[33] Cicero, _Orat. de Provinciis Cousularibus_, 12.
[34] It is stated in the “Commentaries” that Cæsar placed in winter
quarters four legions among the Belgæ, and the same number among the
Ædui. (_De Bello Gallico_, VIII. 54. )--“Cæsar had with him but 5,000 men
and 300 horse. He had left the rest of his army beyond the Alps. ”
(Plutarch, _Cæsar_, 36, and Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 34. )
[35] Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 35.
[36] _De Bello Gallico_, VIII. 55.
[37] Suetonius, _Cæsar_, 68.
[38] In Suetonius, _Cæsar_, 56. --Cicero, _Brutus_, 75.
[39] Preface of Hirtius to Book VIII. of the “Commentaries. ”
[40] _De Bello Gallico_, VI. 13.
[41] _De Bello Gallico_, IV. 10.
[42] Strabo, IV. 3, p. 160
[43] The Narbonnese reminded the Romans of the climate and productions
of Italy. (Strabo, IV. 1, p. 147. )
[44] Pomponius Mela, who compiled in the first century, from old authors
an abridgement of Geography, says that Gaul was rich in wheat and
pastures, and covered with immense forests: “Terra est frumenti præcipue
ac pabuli forax, et amœna lucis immanibus. ” (_De Situ Orbis_, III.
2. )--(_De Bello Gallico_, I, 16. )--The winter was very early in the
north of Gaul. (_De Bello Gallico_, IV. 20. ) Hence the proverbial
expression at Rome of _heims Gallica_. (Petronius, _Satir. _ 19. --Strabo,
IV. , 147-161. )--See the “Memoire on the Forests of Gaul” read before the
Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, by M. Alfred Maury.
[45] Strabo, IV. , p. 147. --Diodorus Siculus, V. 26.
[46] Cæsar, after having said (V. 3) that the forests of the Ardennes
extended from the Rhine to the frontier of the Remi, _ad initium
Remorum_, adds (VI. 29) that it extended also towards the Nervii, _ad
Nervios_. Nevertheless, according to chapter 33 of book VI. , we believe
that this forest extended, across the country of the Nervii, to the
Scheldt. How otherwise could Cæsar have assigned to the forests of the
Ardennes a length of 500 miles, if it ended at the eastern frontier of
the Nervii? This number is, in any case, exaggerated, for from the Rhine
(at Coblentz) to the Scheldt, towards Ghent and Antwerp, it is but 300
kilomètres, or 200 miles.
[47] _De Bello Gallico_, VIII. 5.
[48] “Citra flumen Ararim . . . reliqui sese fugæ mandarunt atque in
proximas silvas abdiderunt. ” (_De Bello Gallico_, I. 12. )
[49] “Menapii propinqui Eburonum finibus, perpetuis paludibus silvisque
muniti. ” (_De Bello Gallico_, VI. 5. )
[50] “(Morini et Menapii) . . . silvas ac paludes habebant, eo se suaque
contulerunt. ” (_De Bello Gallico_, III. 28. )
[51] “(Sugambri) primos Eburonum fines adeunt . .
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] Justin, XXIV. 4. --Titus Livius, V. 48.
[2] Polybius, II. 17-19. --Titus Livius, V. 35.
[3] Pausanias, X. 19-23. --Diodorus Siculus, _Eclog. _, XXII. 13.
[4] Strabo, IV. p. 156, edit. Dübner and Müller. --Justin, XXXII. 3.
[5] Polybius, IV. 46.
[6] Justin, XXV. 2. --Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 16. --Pausanias, VII. 6, § 5.
[7] Polybius, XXXIII. 7, 8. --Titus Livius, _Epitome_, XLVII.
[8] Strabo, IV. , p. 169.
[9] Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LX.
[10] Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LXI.
[11] Strabo, IV. , pp. 154, 159. --Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LXI. --Florus,
III. 2. --Velleius Paterculus, II. 10.
[12] Lucan, I. 424.
[13] Cæsar, _De Bello Gallico_, I. 45. --Strabo, IV. , p. 158.
[14] Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LXII. --Eutropius, IV. 10. --Velleius
Paterculus, I. 15.
[15] Strabo, VII. , p. 243.
[16] This victory was gained by the Tigurini, a people of Helvetia, on
the territory of the Allobroges. According to the _Epitome_ of Titus
Livius (LXV. ), the battle took place in the district of the Nitiobriges,
a people inhabiting the banks of the Garonne, which is not very
probable.
[17] After pillaging the temple of Toulouse.
[18] Titus Livius, _Epitome_, LXVII. --Tacitus, _Germania_, 37.
[19] _Jugurtha_, 114.
[20] _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 13.
[21] _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 13.
[22] The fugitives from Vienne founded the town which subsequently took
the name of _Lugdunum_, in a place called _Condate_, which is synonymous
with confluence. (Dio Cassius, XLVI. 50. )
[23] _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 13.
[24] _Jugurtha_, 114.
[25] Cicero, _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 13.
[26] Cicero, _Epist. ad Atticum_, I. 19.
[27] Plutarch, _Cæsar_, 41. --Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 41.
[28] Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 41.
[29] Plutarch, _Cæsar_, 41. --Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 41.
[30] Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 41.
[31] Cicero, _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 11. --Dio Cassius, XL.
50.
[32] Cicero, _Orat. de Provinciis Consularibus_, 14.
[33] Cicero, _Orat. de Provinciis Cousularibus_, 12.
[34] It is stated in the “Commentaries” that Cæsar placed in winter
quarters four legions among the Belgæ, and the same number among the
Ædui. (_De Bello Gallico_, VIII. 54. )--“Cæsar had with him but 5,000 men
and 300 horse. He had left the rest of his army beyond the Alps. ”
(Plutarch, _Cæsar_, 36, and Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 34. )
[35] Appian, _Civil Wars_, II. 35.
[36] _De Bello Gallico_, VIII. 55.
[37] Suetonius, _Cæsar_, 68.
[38] In Suetonius, _Cæsar_, 56. --Cicero, _Brutus_, 75.
[39] Preface of Hirtius to Book VIII. of the “Commentaries. ”
[40] _De Bello Gallico_, VI. 13.
[41] _De Bello Gallico_, IV. 10.
[42] Strabo, IV. 3, p. 160
[43] The Narbonnese reminded the Romans of the climate and productions
of Italy. (Strabo, IV. 1, p. 147. )
[44] Pomponius Mela, who compiled in the first century, from old authors
an abridgement of Geography, says that Gaul was rich in wheat and
pastures, and covered with immense forests: “Terra est frumenti præcipue
ac pabuli forax, et amœna lucis immanibus. ” (_De Situ Orbis_, III.
2. )--(_De Bello Gallico_, I, 16. )--The winter was very early in the
north of Gaul. (_De Bello Gallico_, IV. 20. ) Hence the proverbial
expression at Rome of _heims Gallica_. (Petronius, _Satir. _ 19. --Strabo,
IV. , 147-161. )--See the “Memoire on the Forests of Gaul” read before the
Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, by M. Alfred Maury.
[45] Strabo, IV. , p. 147. --Diodorus Siculus, V. 26.
[46] Cæsar, after having said (V. 3) that the forests of the Ardennes
extended from the Rhine to the frontier of the Remi, _ad initium
Remorum_, adds (VI. 29) that it extended also towards the Nervii, _ad
Nervios_. Nevertheless, according to chapter 33 of book VI. , we believe
that this forest extended, across the country of the Nervii, to the
Scheldt. How otherwise could Cæsar have assigned to the forests of the
Ardennes a length of 500 miles, if it ended at the eastern frontier of
the Nervii? This number is, in any case, exaggerated, for from the Rhine
(at Coblentz) to the Scheldt, towards Ghent and Antwerp, it is but 300
kilomètres, or 200 miles.
[47] _De Bello Gallico_, VIII. 5.
[48] “Citra flumen Ararim . . . reliqui sese fugæ mandarunt atque in
proximas silvas abdiderunt. ” (_De Bello Gallico_, I. 12. )
[49] “Menapii propinqui Eburonum finibus, perpetuis paludibus silvisque
muniti. ” (_De Bello Gallico_, VI. 5. )
[50] “(Morini et Menapii) . . . silvas ac paludes habebant, eo se suaque
contulerunt. ” (_De Bello Gallico_, III. 28. )
[51] “(Sugambri) primos Eburonum fines adeunt . .
