The best modern
editions
are
by Hazlitt for the Roxburghe Club, and by
Gordon Goodwin, "The Muse's Library.
by Hazlitt for the Roxburghe Club, and by
Gordon Goodwin, "The Muse's Library.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
, June 14, 1883.
He became a minister in
the Unitarian Church in 1835. He is best
known as a translator from the German of
Schiller, Richter, Goethe, and Schefer. Among
his original works are: 'Controversy Touching
the Old Stone Mill (1851); 'Songs of Field
and Flood' (1854); Poems, Original and
Translated) (1885).
Brooks, Charles William Shirley. An
English humorist; born in London, April 29,
1816; died there, Feb. 23, 1874. He was the
son of an architect, and forsook law for jour-
nalism. In 1853 he was sent on a mission
to report on the condition of labor and the
poor in Russia, Syria, and Egypt; the result
## p. 77 (#93) ##############################################
BROOKS - BROUGHTON
77
of which appeared in "The Russians of the
South) (1856). He wrote political articles,
attracted attention by several dramas and bur-
lesques, and in 1854 joined the staff of the
London Punch. In 1870 he succeeded Mark
Lemon as its editor. His novels - which in-
clude: Aspen Court) (1855); (The Gordian
Knot) (1860); (The Silver Cord (1861);
(Sooner or Later, with illustrations by Du
Maurier (3 vols. , 1866-68); (The Naggletons)
(1875) show keen observation. He also wrote
(Amusing Poetry) (1857). His son, Reginald
Shirley, collected Brooks's (Wit and Humor
from Punch) (1875).
Brooks, Elbridge Streeter. Born in Lowell,
Mass. , in 1846. He is the author of popular
juvenile books: Historic Boys) (New York,
1885); “Chivalric Days) (1886); “The Story of
the American Indian (1887); (The Story of
New York) (1888).
Brooks, Maria Gowan. An American poet,
pseudonym “Maria del Occidente » ; born in
Medford, Mass. , about 1795; died in Matan-
zas, Cuba, Nov. II, 1845. She spent her youth
in Charlestown, Mass. , and the rest of her life
in London, New York, and Cuba. Her chief
poem is "Zophiel, or the Bride of Seven); the
first canto of which appeared in Boston in
1825, and the rest was finished under South-
ey's influence in 1833. (Idomen, or the Vale of
Yumuri,' is an autobiography (1843).
Brooks, Noah. An American journalist and
author; born in Castine, Me. , Oct. 30, 1830.
Since 1850 he has been connected with news-
papers in Massachusetts, California, Washing-
ton, and New York. He has written many pop-
ular books for boys, among which are: “The
Fairport Nine) (1880); (Our Baseball Club)
(1884); (How the Republic is Governed. He
has recently edited and enlarged Bryant and
Gay's History of the United States.
Brooks, Phillips. An American clergyman
of the Episcopal Church; born in Boston, Dec.
13, 1835; died there, Jan. 23, 1893. He was rec-
tor of Protestant Episcopal churches succes-
sively in Philadelphia and in Boston, and was
made Bishop of Massachusetts in 1891. He
was an impressive pulpit orator and great spirit-
ual force, and published many volumes of ser-
mons and lectures; notably: Letters of Travel';
Lectures on Preaching' (1877); and (Essays
and Addresses) (1894). *
Brossböll, Karl. See Etlar.
Bross, William. A noted American journal-
ist; born in Montague, Sussex County, N. J. ,
Nov. 4, 1813; died in 1890. He graduated from
Williams College in 1838 and taught school for
ten years. Later he settled in Chicago and en-
tered the publishing business. He was a mem-
ber of the city council from 1855 to 1856, and
lieutenant-governor of Illinois from 1865 to
1869. Among his works are: (History of Chi-
cago) (1876); (Tom Quick, a Romance of
Indian Warfare. ) He is best remembered as
the proprietor of the Chicago Tribune.
Brotherton, Mrs. Alice Williams. An Amer.
ican poet and magazine writer; born in
Cambridge, Ind. She is a resident of Cincin-
nati, O. Her chief works are: Beyond the
Veil) (1886); (What the Wind Told the
Tree-Tops,' prose and verse for children;
(The Sailing of King Olaf, and Other Poems)
(1887).
Brougham, Henry Peter, Lord Brougham
and Vaux (bro'ạm or bröm). An eminent Brit-
ish statesman, orator, and author; born in
Edinburgh, Sept. 19, 1778; died at Cannes,
France, May 7, 1868. He entered the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh in 1792. In 1802 he helped
to found the Edinburgh Review, contributing
to the first four numbers twenty-one articles,
and to the first twenty numbers eighty articles.
The article on Byron's (Hours of Idleness)
provoked the poet to write his (English Bards
and Scotch Reviewers. In 1810 Brougham
entered Parliament; where his remarkable elo.
quence gave him at once a commanding place.
He was counsel for Queen Caroline in George
IV. 's suit against her (1820), winning a decisive
victory which raised him to the height of fame
and popularity. He became Lord Chancellor in
1830, and was at the same time created a baron;
he resigned on the defeat of the Whigs in 1834,
and never again held public office, though still
taking effective part in the business and de-
bates of the House of Lords. His later years
were passed partly in England, and partly in
the beautiful retreat he had fitted up at
Cannes. lle was the steadfast and powerful
champion of revision and reform of the laws,
popular education, the abolition of slavery,
and the maintenance of peace. The famous
Reform Bill of 1832 was carried during his
chancellorship, and largely by his agency. His
miscellaneous writings in their collected edition
(II vols. , 1855-61) cover a vast number and
variety of subjects. His best works are his
(Sketches of the Statesmen of the Time of
George III. and Lives of Men of Letters
and Science. An edition of his (Speeches,
corrected by himself, was published in four
volumes in 1838. His Autobiography) was
written in extreme old age, and is unreliable.
Brougham, John. An American actor and
playwright; born in Dublin, Ireland, May 9,
1810; died in New York, June 7, 1880. He
made his debut as an actor in England in
1830. He came to America in 1842, and with
the exception of a short return trip to Eng.
land in 1860, remained here until his death.
He was the author of over 100 comedies,
farces, and burlesques. Among his most suc-
cessful plays were : (Vanity Fair); (The Irish
Emigrant); (The Game of Love); and (Lon-
don Assurance,' written in collaboration with
Dion Boucicault. He is also author of sketches
entitled (Basket of Chips ) (1855) and Bunsby
Papers.
Brought Rhoda. An English novelist;
born in Segrwyd Hall, Denbighshire, Wales,
1
!
1
## p. 78 (#94) ##############################################
78
BROWN-BROWNE
Nov. 29, 1840. She is the daughter of a clergy-
man, and
now resides at Broughton Hall,
Cheshire. Her novels are very popular, and
include: Cometh Up as a Flower) (1867);
Not Wisely but Too Well (1867); (Red as
a Rose is She) (1870); 'Good-by, Sweetheart)
(1872); Nancy) (1873); Belinda) (1883);
(Doctor Cupid' (1886); (Alas) (1890); (Mrs.
Bligh' (1892); and A Beginner' (1894).
Brown, Alice. An American essayist and
miscellaneous writer; born in New Hampshire
in 185-, She is on the staff of the Youth's
Companion. Among her works are : Fools
of Nature,' a novel (1887); (Meadow Grass);
Robert Louis Stevenson); Life of Mercy
Otis Warren.
Brown, Charles Brockden. An American
novelist; born in Philadelphia, Pa. , Jan. 17, 1771 ;
died Feb. 22, 1810. His most famous novels
are : "Wieland, or the Transformation, a tale
of ventriloquism (1798); “Ormund, or the Secret
Witness) (1799); (Arthur Mervyn, containing
a description of the yellow-fever plague of
1793 in Philadelphia (1799-80); (Jane Talbot)
(1801); Edgar Huntly, or the Sleep-Walker)
(1801); and (Clara Howard, reprinted as Philip
Stanley) (1806). His novels have attained a
considerable vogue in foreign countries, trans-
lation them into French and German prov-
ing popular. They also sold largely at one
time in England. *
Brown, David Paul. An American lawyer,
playwright, and author; born in Philadelphia,
Pa. , Sept. 28, 1795; died there, July 11, 1872.
He was admitted to the bar in 1816. Among
his works are: (Sertorius,' a tragedy (1830);
(Love and Honor,' a farce. He also wrote
(The Forum, or Forty Years' Full Practice at
the Philadelphia Bar) (1856).
Brown, Emma Elizabeth. An American
biographical writer; born in New Hampshire
in 1847. She is a resident of Newton, Mass.
Her works include popular lives of Washing-
ton, Garfield, Holmes, and Lowell; and among
other volumes : ( The Child Toilers of Boston
Streets) (1878); “True Manliness) (1880).
Brown, Frances. An Irish poet; born in
Stranorlar, County Donegal, Ireland, in 1816.
She is called (The Blind Poetess of Ulster,
and is known by (The Star of Attéghéi and
Other Poems) (London, 1844), and Lyrics and
Miscellaneous Poems) (1847).
Brown, John. A Scotch essayist; born at
Biggar, 1810; died 1882. He practiced media
cine in Edinburgh. Whatever his pen touched
it adorned. The objects of his affection were
homely landscapes, old-fashioned people, the
departed, children, and dogs. Humor and pa-
thos tinged all he wrote. The story of Rab,
the dog, and that of Marjorie Fleming, the
child, will live long in English literature.
Three volumes contain all his writings : Horæ
Subsecivæ) (2 vols. ), and John Leech and
Other Papers. *
Brown, Oliver Madox. An English author
and artist; born in Finchley, Jan. 20, 1855; died
in London, Nov. 5, 1874. He inherited great
talent for painting from his father, Ford Madox
Brown (1821-93), and at an early age exhibited
remarkable water-colors. Although he died
young, his literary work, including stories and
poems, is valued for its imaginative power.
His Literary Remains) (London, 1876) con-
tain his story (The Black Swan,' originally
published as (Gabriel Denver) (1873), and a
sonnet to his memory by Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti. See J. H. Ingram, "O. M. Brown' (Lon-
don, 1883).
Brown, T. E. An English poet; born 18—;
died 1897. He was a clergyman of the Church
of England, and had made a special study of
manners and people in the Isle of Man, where
he was stationed. His poems comprised nar-
ratives in tne Manx dialect, and personal lyrics
and elegiacs. The most notable are: Betsy
Lee); Fo'c's'le Yarns); (The Manx Witch';
and (The Doctor.
Browne, Charles Farrar. (“Artemus Ward. ”)
An American humorist; born at Waterford,
Me. , April 26, 1834; died at Southampton, Eng-
land, March 6, 1867. He is most celebrated for
the collections of humor called “Artemus Ward,
his Book) (1862); (Artemus Ward, his Tray-
els) (1863? ). His productions were widely
quoted, and his popularity as a lecturer was
very great. In 1866 he visited England on a
lecture tour, and contributed to Punch. *
Browne, Irving. An American lawyer, edi.
tor, and author; born in Marshall, Oneida
County, N. Y. , Sept. 14, 1835. In 1857 he grad-
uated from the Albany Law School and prac-
ticed in Troy. In 1879 he became editor of
the Albany Law Journal. His works include:
(Humorous Phases of the Law) (1876); "Law
and Lawyers in Literature (1883); “The Ele-
ments of Criminal Law. !
Browne, John Ross. An Irish-American
traveler and author; born in Ireland in 1817;
died in Oakland, Cal. , Dec. 9, 1875. He came
when a child to the United States. His chief
works are: (Etchings of a Whaling Cruise,
with Notes of a Sojourn on the Island of Zan-
zibar) (1846); (Yusef, or the Journey of the
Fragi: a Crusade in the East) (1853); (The
Land of Thor) (1866); and Adventures in the
Apache Country) (1869).
Browne, Junius Henri. An American jour.
nalist; born at Seneca Falls, N. Y. , in 1833.
He is a resident of New York city. Among his
works are: (Four Years in Secessia) (1865);
(The Great Metropolis, a Mirror of New York)
(1869); (Sights and Sensations in Europe)
(1872).
Browne, Sir Thomas. An English anti-
quary and physician (1605-82); born in Lon-
don. After receiving an academic and a
professional (medical) education in England,
he visited the Continent and took the degree
M. D. at Leyden. He was knighted by Charles
## p. 79 (#95) ##############################################
BROWNE - BROWNSON
79
:
(
II. His principal work is Religio Medici
(1642), a liberal confession of faith for that
day. Four years later he published a treatise
on (Vulgar Errors,' directed against the cur-
rent superstitions of his contemporaries. Urn
Burial appeared in 1658. After his death a
collection of his fugitive pieces was published;
and this was followed by Christian Morals,'
a collection of aphorisms. *
Browne, Thomas Alexander. See Boldre-
wood.
Browne, William. An English poet; born
in Tavistock, Devonshire, in 1591; died in
Ottery St. Mary, about 1643- He was edu-
cated at Oxford, and spent a quiet, tranquil
life. His poetry is graceful and fanciful, and
abounds in beautiful pictures of English scen-
ery. Browne has always been much admired
by the poets. His chief work is (Britannia's
Pastorals) (1613-16). "The Shepherd's Pipe!
(1614) is a collection of eclogues, and (The
Inner Temple Masque) (1614-15) tells the
story of Ulysses and Circe. His minor poems
are very fine.
The best modern editions are
by Hazlitt for the Roxburghe Club, and by
Gordon Goodwin, "The Muse's Library. *
Brownell, Henry Howard. An American
poet and writer of historical sketches; born at
Providence, R. I. , Feb. 6, 1820; died at East
Hartford, Conn. , Oct. 31, 1872. His first poetic
venture was a spirited versification of Farra-
gut's General Orders) to the feet below New
Orleans. Afterward he was appointed to an
honorary place on the Hartford flagship, and
had opportunity to observe actual naval war-
fare. In 'The Bay Fight) he describes with
truth and force the battle of Mobile Bay. He
collected and published his many occasional
verses in Lyrics of a Day, or Newspaper
Poetry by a Volunteer in the U. S. Service)
(1864). *
Brownell, William Crary. An American
essayist and critic; born in New York city,
Aug. 30, 1851. He graduated from Amherst, and
has devoted himself to critical and editorial
work in New York. He is editor of Scribner's
Magazine, and has written : (French Traits :
an Essay on Comparative Criticism (1889);
French Art' (1892); and Newport' (1896).
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. An English
poet; born in Durham, March 6, 1809; died in
Florence, June 30, 1861. She was the daughter
of an English country gentleman, Edward
Moulton, who took the name of Barrett. In
September 1846 she married Robert Browning.
Her chief poems are: “The Seraphim) (1838);
"Romaunt of the Page) (1839); (The Drama
of Exile (1844); A Vision of Poets) (1844);
(The Cry of the Children' (1844); "Casa
Guidi Windows) (1851); (Aurora Leigh' (1856),
in a measure autobiographical. Her poem
Lady Geraldine's Courtship contains a strik-
ing characterization of the poetry of Browning.
Her 'Sonnets from the Portuguese) are among
the noblest of love-poems. The Romance
of the Swan's Nest); the Rhyme of the
Duchess May); the Romaunt of Margret';
(Bertha in the Lane); and (Isobel's Child. are
romantic and original ballads. (Prometheus
Bound, a metrical translation of Æschylus,
was published in 1850. *
Browning, Robert. An English poet; born
in Camberwell, May 7, 1812; died in Venice,
Dec. 12, 1889. His first dramatic poem, Paul-
ine, which appeared anonymously in 1833, was
followed two years later by Paracelsus);
(Strafford) (1837); (Sordello) (1840); and a
series of plays and dramatic lyrics under the
title of (Bells and Pomegranates) (1841-46).
This collection included: Pippa Passes);
(King Victor and King Charles); (Colombe's
Birthday); (The Return of the Druses); 'A
Blot on the 'Scutcheon); Luria); and (A
Soul's Tragedy. In 1846 he married Eliza-
beth Barrett, and resided in Florence until her
death in 1861, when he returned to London;
but much of the latter part of his life was
spent in Italy. (The Ring and the Book) was
published in 1869. His other works include:
Christmas Eve and Easter Day) (1850); (Men
and Women) (1855); Dramatis Persone)
(1864); (Balaustion's Adventure (1871); (Fi-
fine at the Fair) (1872); (Red-Cotton Night-
cap Country) (1873); Dramatic Idylls) (1879-
80); Jocoseria) (1883); Ferishtah's Fancies)
(1884); and (Parleyings with Certain People
of Importance in their Dav) (1887). The 'Com-
plete Poetic and Dramatic Works: Cambridge
Edition) are published in I vol. by Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. ; the (Complete Works) (1897),
edited by Augustine Birrell, in 2 vols. , are pub-
lished by the Macmillan Company. *
Brownlow, William Gannaway. ("Parson
Brownlow. ")) An American politician, journal-
ist, and author; born in Wythe County, Va. ,
Aug. 29, 1805; died in Knoxville, Tenn. , April
29, 1877. During his early career he was an itin-
erant preacher, editor, and lecturer. He was a
Union champion during the Civil War, and
banished 'from the Confederate lines on that
ground. In 1865 he was elected governor of
Tennessee, and was re-elected in 1867. He was
U. S. Senator from 1869 to 1875. Among his
works are: (The Great Iron Wheel Exam-
ined) (1858); (Sketches of the Rise, Progress,
and Decline of Secession) (1862).
Brownson, Orestes Augustus. An American
author; born in Stockbridge, Vt. , Sept. 16, 1803;
died in Detroit, Mich. , April 17, 1876. His early
education was slight. Originally a Presbyte-
rian, he became a Universalist minister, after-
ward a Unitarian, and finally a Roman Cath-
olic. He was an ardent champion of popular
rights, and advocated a mild form of socialism.
His greatest work was the establishment and
editorship of the Boston Quarterly Review
(1838–43) and Brownson's Review (1844-64 and
1873-75). Of his extensive works, the best
known are : (The Convert, or Leaves from my
Experience) (1857); and (The American Re-
pub its Consti ion, Tendencies, and Des-
tiny) (1865). *
0
## p. 80 (#96) ##############################################
80
BRUCE – BUCHANAN
Bruce, Wallace. An American lecturer and
poet; born in Hillsdale, Columbia County,
N. Y. , Nov. 10, 1844. He is a prominent lecturer
on literary subjects. Among his works are :
(The Land of Burns) (1879); (From the Hud-
son to the Yosemite (1884); "Wayside Poems);
Here's a Hand.
Brun, Friederike Sophie Christiane (brön).
A German poet and writer of travels (1765-
1835); born (Miinter) at Gräfentonna in the
district of Gotha. She traveled extensively
through Switzerland, southern France, Italy, and
other countries, and came into personal acquaint-
ance with many of the foremost personages
of her day; Johann von Müller, Matthisson,
Necker, Angelica Kauffmann, Mme. de Staël,
etc.
Her books of travel were held in very
high esteem. She published three small vol-
umes of Poems'; and “Truth from Morning
Dreams and Ida's Æsthetic Development,' con-
taining reminiscences of her early years.
Brunetière, Ferdinand (brün-tyår'). A dis-
tinguished French critic; born in Toulon, July
19, 1849. He is the editor of the Revue
des Deux Mondes) and became a member of
the French Academy, 1893. In criticism he in-
clines to the idealist as opposed to the natural-
ist school. His principal works are: History
and Literature) (1884, 3 vols. ) ; (The Naturalist
Romance) (1883); “Essays on Contemporary
Literature (1892); 'Epochs of the French The-
atre) (1892). *
Bruni, Leonardo (brö'nē), surnamed Are-
tino. A noted Italian humanist; born at
Arezzo, 1369; died in Florence, March 9, 1444.
Ile forsook the study of jurisprudence to de-
vote himself wholly to the ancient classics ;
was secretary to four popes from 1404 to 1415,
but then resigned, to write the history of Flor-
ence (in 10 books). In reward he was made
chancellor of Florence. His principal service
to the cause of letters was in translations of
Aristotle, Plato, Plutarch, Demosthenes, into
Latin. He wrote a Latin comedy. His Epis-
tles) are of value for the history of his time.
Bruno, Giordano (brö'no). A renowned Ital-
ian philosopher; born at Nola, near Naples,
Italy, 1548; burned at the stake in Rome, Feb.
17, 1600, charged with heresy. His best-known
works are: Ash-Wednesday Conversations);
(The Work of the Great Key); “The Explor-
ation of the Thirty Seals); (The Taper);
(Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast); (The
Heroic Enthusiasts); and a great number of
other writings in prose and verse. *
Brush, Mrs. Christine (Chaplin). An
American artist and novelist; born in Bangor,
Me. , in 1842; died in 1892. She was a resident
of Brooklyn. Her chief work, (The Colonel's
Opera Cloak,' a novel, was published anony-
mously in 1879. She also wrote two stories:
Inside our Gates); (One Summer's Lessons
in Perspective.
Bryant, William Cullen. An American
poet; born in Cummington, Mass. , Nov. 3,
1794; died in New York, June 12, 1878. After
two years in Williams College he left it, and
turned his attention to law. But in early youth
he produced (Thanatopsis,' and some of his
best lyrics, - 'To a Waterfowl, (The Yellow
Violet, etc. , - which were the opening of a
high literary career. His longest poem, “The
Ages,' was recited at Harvard in 1821. In 1829
he became editor-in-chief of the New York
Evening Post. His books include: Letters of a
Traveler (1855); "Letters from Spain (1859);
(Letters from the East) (1869); and a Popular
History of the United States,' with S. H. Gay
(4 vols. , 1878-82). His Poems) appeared in
New York in 1832, and Washington Irving
reprinted them in London, where they went
through several editions. This book was fol-
lowed by (The Fountain and Other Poems)
(1842) and (The White-Footed Deer and Other
Poems) (1844). His first complete edition was
issued in Philadelphia in 1846. In his old age
Bryant began a translation of the “Iliad' and
(Odyssey) in blank verse; and his last great
poem was (The Flood of Years,' a noble pend-
ant to “Thanatopsis. Among his poems that
have become popular favorites are: the Forest
Hymn); (The West Wind); (June); Death of
the Flowers); and (Hymn to Death. ' *
Bryce, James. An Irish historian; born in
Belfast, May 10, 1838. After graduating at Ox-
ford in 1862, he studied at Heidelberg, and sub-
sequently practiced law in London. From 1870
till 1893 he was regius professor of civil law in
Oxford, and has had a distinguished political
He has supported Home Rule, city
reforms, and international copyright. His chief
works are: (The Holy Roman Empire) (1864);
(Transcaucasia and Ararat) (1877); and (The
American Commonwealth) (1888). *
Bryce, Lloyd. An American editor and nov.
elist ; born in Long Island, N. Y. , in 1852. He
was editor of the North American Review
from 1889 to 1896. His works are : (Paradise);
(A Dream of Conquest); (The Romance of
an Alter Ego); (Friends in Exile.
Bube, Adolf (bö’ba). A German poet (1802-
73); born at Gotha. He published two vol.
umes of miscellaneous Poems, characterized
by sincere feeling for nature. He compiled
several volumes of Popular Legends, espe-
cially of Thuringia, which he rendered in verse.
Buchanan, Robert Williams. An English
author; born in Warwickshire, Aug. 18, 1841.
He received his education in Glasgow, and
while young went to London to engage in lit-
erature. His attack upon Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti drew a famous letter from that poet on
(The Stealthy School of Criticism, and a
scathing pamphlet from Swinburne, Under
the Microscope) (1872). His poems include:
(Undertones) (1863); "Idylls and Legends of
Inverburn) (1865); London Poems, his best
effort (1866); (North Coast Poems) (1867);
Napoleon Fallen : a Lyrical Drama) (1871);
(The Drama of Kings) (1871); (Ballads of
Love, Life, and Humor) (1882); and (The City
career.
## p. 81 (#97) ##############################################
BUCHEZ- BULFINCH
81
:
of Dreams) (1888). His best novels are: (The
Shadow of the Sword? (1876); (A Child of
Nature (1879); "God and the Man) (1881);
(The Martyrdom of Madeline) (1882); and
(Foxglove Manor) (1884). Buchanan has also
written successful plays. His poems have been
collected (3 vols. , London, 1874).
Buchez, Philippe Benjamin Joseph (bü-
shā'). A French annalist and physician; born
in Mortagne, Ardennes, March 31, 1796; died
at Rhodez, Aveyron, Aug. 12, 1865. With
Roux-Lavergne he projected the Parliament-
ary History of the French Revolution) (40
vols. , 1833-38), a work of inestimable utility.
Büchner, Alexander (büch'ner). A German
critic and historian of literature, brother of
Georg B. ; born at Darmstadt, Oct. 25, 1827.
He became professor of foreign literatures at
Caen, France, in 1862. He wrote in German :
(French Literary Portraits) (2 vols. , 1858), and
two novels, (Chatterton' and Lord Byron's
Last Love) (1862); among his writings in
French are: (The Comedies of Shakespeare);
"Hamlet the Dane.
Büchner, Georg (büch'ner). A German
poet; born near Darmstadt, Oct. 17, 1813; died
Feb. 19, 1837. He studied natural science and
medicine in the universities of Strasburg and
Giessen. In 1834 he entered the political arena
with a manifesto entitled (The Rural Mes-
senger,' and bearing the motto “Peace to the
cabin, war to the palace. ) To escape arrest
he fled to Strasburg, where he studied the phi-
losophies of Descartes and Spinoza. He was
preparing to open a course of lectures in Zürich
when he died. He wrote a drama in 1834 on
(The Death of Danton,' the work of a genu-
ine but undisciplined poet. His (Complete
Works, with biography, were published in 1879.
Büchner, Luise. A German poet and novel.
ist (1821-77), sister of Georg. Her first pub-
lication, "Women and their Calling (1855), was
followed by many others on the (I woman's-
rights question”; it commanded much atten-
tion, and reached a fifth edition (1883). She
wrote a volume of tales, (From Life) (1861);
(Poet-Voices of Home and Foreign Lands);
several original poems, 'Woman's Heart); some
(Christmas Stories'; etc.
Buck, Dudley. An American organist, com-
poser, and author; born in Hartford, Conn. ,
March 10, 1839. He is organist of the Church
of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, N. Y. Aside
from several cantatas, he has written two books:
"A Dictionary of Musical Terms) and a work
on the Influence of the Organ in History)
(1882).
Buckland, Francis Trevelyan. An Eng-
lish naturalist; born at Oxford, Dec. 17, 1826;
died Dec. 19, 1880. His preferences were for
practical science; and after retiring from his
piace as surgeon to the Second Life Guards he
founded the journal Land and Water, of which
he was editor. He was an authority on fish-
culture, and as such was consulted by foreign
governments. He was a resolute opponent of
Darwinism. Besides his works on fish-culture,
he wrote: (Log-Book of a Fisherman and
Zoologist) (1876); Notes and Jottings on
Animal Life) (1882); (Curiosities of Natural
History. *
Buckle, Henry Thomas. An English his-
torian; born in Lee, Kent, Nov. 24, 1821 ; died
in Damascus, May 29, 1862. A self-educated
man, he is known for his great work (The
History of Civilization in England) (2 vols. ,
1857-61). His (Miscellaneous and Posthumous
Works) were edited by Helen Taylor (Lon-
don, 1872); new ed. by Grant Allen, 1880. *
Buckley, James Monroe. An American cler.
gyman; born in Rahway, N.
the Unitarian Church in 1835. He is best
known as a translator from the German of
Schiller, Richter, Goethe, and Schefer. Among
his original works are: 'Controversy Touching
the Old Stone Mill (1851); 'Songs of Field
and Flood' (1854); Poems, Original and
Translated) (1885).
Brooks, Charles William Shirley. An
English humorist; born in London, April 29,
1816; died there, Feb. 23, 1874. He was the
son of an architect, and forsook law for jour-
nalism. In 1853 he was sent on a mission
to report on the condition of labor and the
poor in Russia, Syria, and Egypt; the result
## p. 77 (#93) ##############################################
BROOKS - BROUGHTON
77
of which appeared in "The Russians of the
South) (1856). He wrote political articles,
attracted attention by several dramas and bur-
lesques, and in 1854 joined the staff of the
London Punch. In 1870 he succeeded Mark
Lemon as its editor. His novels - which in-
clude: Aspen Court) (1855); (The Gordian
Knot) (1860); (The Silver Cord (1861);
(Sooner or Later, with illustrations by Du
Maurier (3 vols. , 1866-68); (The Naggletons)
(1875) show keen observation. He also wrote
(Amusing Poetry) (1857). His son, Reginald
Shirley, collected Brooks's (Wit and Humor
from Punch) (1875).
Brooks, Elbridge Streeter. Born in Lowell,
Mass. , in 1846. He is the author of popular
juvenile books: Historic Boys) (New York,
1885); “Chivalric Days) (1886); “The Story of
the American Indian (1887); (The Story of
New York) (1888).
Brooks, Maria Gowan. An American poet,
pseudonym “Maria del Occidente » ; born in
Medford, Mass. , about 1795; died in Matan-
zas, Cuba, Nov. II, 1845. She spent her youth
in Charlestown, Mass. , and the rest of her life
in London, New York, and Cuba. Her chief
poem is "Zophiel, or the Bride of Seven); the
first canto of which appeared in Boston in
1825, and the rest was finished under South-
ey's influence in 1833. (Idomen, or the Vale of
Yumuri,' is an autobiography (1843).
Brooks, Noah. An American journalist and
author; born in Castine, Me. , Oct. 30, 1830.
Since 1850 he has been connected with news-
papers in Massachusetts, California, Washing-
ton, and New York. He has written many pop-
ular books for boys, among which are: “The
Fairport Nine) (1880); (Our Baseball Club)
(1884); (How the Republic is Governed. He
has recently edited and enlarged Bryant and
Gay's History of the United States.
Brooks, Phillips. An American clergyman
of the Episcopal Church; born in Boston, Dec.
13, 1835; died there, Jan. 23, 1893. He was rec-
tor of Protestant Episcopal churches succes-
sively in Philadelphia and in Boston, and was
made Bishop of Massachusetts in 1891. He
was an impressive pulpit orator and great spirit-
ual force, and published many volumes of ser-
mons and lectures; notably: Letters of Travel';
Lectures on Preaching' (1877); and (Essays
and Addresses) (1894). *
Brossböll, Karl. See Etlar.
Bross, William. A noted American journal-
ist; born in Montague, Sussex County, N. J. ,
Nov. 4, 1813; died in 1890. He graduated from
Williams College in 1838 and taught school for
ten years. Later he settled in Chicago and en-
tered the publishing business. He was a mem-
ber of the city council from 1855 to 1856, and
lieutenant-governor of Illinois from 1865 to
1869. Among his works are: (History of Chi-
cago) (1876); (Tom Quick, a Romance of
Indian Warfare. ) He is best remembered as
the proprietor of the Chicago Tribune.
Brotherton, Mrs. Alice Williams. An Amer.
ican poet and magazine writer; born in
Cambridge, Ind. She is a resident of Cincin-
nati, O. Her chief works are: Beyond the
Veil) (1886); (What the Wind Told the
Tree-Tops,' prose and verse for children;
(The Sailing of King Olaf, and Other Poems)
(1887).
Brougham, Henry Peter, Lord Brougham
and Vaux (bro'ạm or bröm). An eminent Brit-
ish statesman, orator, and author; born in
Edinburgh, Sept. 19, 1778; died at Cannes,
France, May 7, 1868. He entered the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh in 1792. In 1802 he helped
to found the Edinburgh Review, contributing
to the first four numbers twenty-one articles,
and to the first twenty numbers eighty articles.
The article on Byron's (Hours of Idleness)
provoked the poet to write his (English Bards
and Scotch Reviewers. In 1810 Brougham
entered Parliament; where his remarkable elo.
quence gave him at once a commanding place.
He was counsel for Queen Caroline in George
IV. 's suit against her (1820), winning a decisive
victory which raised him to the height of fame
and popularity. He became Lord Chancellor in
1830, and was at the same time created a baron;
he resigned on the defeat of the Whigs in 1834,
and never again held public office, though still
taking effective part in the business and de-
bates of the House of Lords. His later years
were passed partly in England, and partly in
the beautiful retreat he had fitted up at
Cannes. lle was the steadfast and powerful
champion of revision and reform of the laws,
popular education, the abolition of slavery,
and the maintenance of peace. The famous
Reform Bill of 1832 was carried during his
chancellorship, and largely by his agency. His
miscellaneous writings in their collected edition
(II vols. , 1855-61) cover a vast number and
variety of subjects. His best works are his
(Sketches of the Statesmen of the Time of
George III. and Lives of Men of Letters
and Science. An edition of his (Speeches,
corrected by himself, was published in four
volumes in 1838. His Autobiography) was
written in extreme old age, and is unreliable.
Brougham, John. An American actor and
playwright; born in Dublin, Ireland, May 9,
1810; died in New York, June 7, 1880. He
made his debut as an actor in England in
1830. He came to America in 1842, and with
the exception of a short return trip to Eng.
land in 1860, remained here until his death.
He was the author of over 100 comedies,
farces, and burlesques. Among his most suc-
cessful plays were : (Vanity Fair); (The Irish
Emigrant); (The Game of Love); and (Lon-
don Assurance,' written in collaboration with
Dion Boucicault. He is also author of sketches
entitled (Basket of Chips ) (1855) and Bunsby
Papers.
Brought Rhoda. An English novelist;
born in Segrwyd Hall, Denbighshire, Wales,
1
!
1
## p. 78 (#94) ##############################################
78
BROWN-BROWNE
Nov. 29, 1840. She is the daughter of a clergy-
man, and
now resides at Broughton Hall,
Cheshire. Her novels are very popular, and
include: Cometh Up as a Flower) (1867);
Not Wisely but Too Well (1867); (Red as
a Rose is She) (1870); 'Good-by, Sweetheart)
(1872); Nancy) (1873); Belinda) (1883);
(Doctor Cupid' (1886); (Alas) (1890); (Mrs.
Bligh' (1892); and A Beginner' (1894).
Brown, Alice. An American essayist and
miscellaneous writer; born in New Hampshire
in 185-, She is on the staff of the Youth's
Companion. Among her works are : Fools
of Nature,' a novel (1887); (Meadow Grass);
Robert Louis Stevenson); Life of Mercy
Otis Warren.
Brown, Charles Brockden. An American
novelist; born in Philadelphia, Pa. , Jan. 17, 1771 ;
died Feb. 22, 1810. His most famous novels
are : "Wieland, or the Transformation, a tale
of ventriloquism (1798); “Ormund, or the Secret
Witness) (1799); (Arthur Mervyn, containing
a description of the yellow-fever plague of
1793 in Philadelphia (1799-80); (Jane Talbot)
(1801); Edgar Huntly, or the Sleep-Walker)
(1801); and (Clara Howard, reprinted as Philip
Stanley) (1806). His novels have attained a
considerable vogue in foreign countries, trans-
lation them into French and German prov-
ing popular. They also sold largely at one
time in England. *
Brown, David Paul. An American lawyer,
playwright, and author; born in Philadelphia,
Pa. , Sept. 28, 1795; died there, July 11, 1872.
He was admitted to the bar in 1816. Among
his works are: (Sertorius,' a tragedy (1830);
(Love and Honor,' a farce. He also wrote
(The Forum, or Forty Years' Full Practice at
the Philadelphia Bar) (1856).
Brown, Emma Elizabeth. An American
biographical writer; born in New Hampshire
in 1847. She is a resident of Newton, Mass.
Her works include popular lives of Washing-
ton, Garfield, Holmes, and Lowell; and among
other volumes : ( The Child Toilers of Boston
Streets) (1878); “True Manliness) (1880).
Brown, Frances. An Irish poet; born in
Stranorlar, County Donegal, Ireland, in 1816.
She is called (The Blind Poetess of Ulster,
and is known by (The Star of Attéghéi and
Other Poems) (London, 1844), and Lyrics and
Miscellaneous Poems) (1847).
Brown, John. A Scotch essayist; born at
Biggar, 1810; died 1882. He practiced media
cine in Edinburgh. Whatever his pen touched
it adorned. The objects of his affection were
homely landscapes, old-fashioned people, the
departed, children, and dogs. Humor and pa-
thos tinged all he wrote. The story of Rab,
the dog, and that of Marjorie Fleming, the
child, will live long in English literature.
Three volumes contain all his writings : Horæ
Subsecivæ) (2 vols. ), and John Leech and
Other Papers. *
Brown, Oliver Madox. An English author
and artist; born in Finchley, Jan. 20, 1855; died
in London, Nov. 5, 1874. He inherited great
talent for painting from his father, Ford Madox
Brown (1821-93), and at an early age exhibited
remarkable water-colors. Although he died
young, his literary work, including stories and
poems, is valued for its imaginative power.
His Literary Remains) (London, 1876) con-
tain his story (The Black Swan,' originally
published as (Gabriel Denver) (1873), and a
sonnet to his memory by Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti. See J. H. Ingram, "O. M. Brown' (Lon-
don, 1883).
Brown, T. E. An English poet; born 18—;
died 1897. He was a clergyman of the Church
of England, and had made a special study of
manners and people in the Isle of Man, where
he was stationed. His poems comprised nar-
ratives in tne Manx dialect, and personal lyrics
and elegiacs. The most notable are: Betsy
Lee); Fo'c's'le Yarns); (The Manx Witch';
and (The Doctor.
Browne, Charles Farrar. (“Artemus Ward. ”)
An American humorist; born at Waterford,
Me. , April 26, 1834; died at Southampton, Eng-
land, March 6, 1867. He is most celebrated for
the collections of humor called “Artemus Ward,
his Book) (1862); (Artemus Ward, his Tray-
els) (1863? ). His productions were widely
quoted, and his popularity as a lecturer was
very great. In 1866 he visited England on a
lecture tour, and contributed to Punch. *
Browne, Irving. An American lawyer, edi.
tor, and author; born in Marshall, Oneida
County, N. Y. , Sept. 14, 1835. In 1857 he grad-
uated from the Albany Law School and prac-
ticed in Troy. In 1879 he became editor of
the Albany Law Journal. His works include:
(Humorous Phases of the Law) (1876); "Law
and Lawyers in Literature (1883); “The Ele-
ments of Criminal Law. !
Browne, John Ross. An Irish-American
traveler and author; born in Ireland in 1817;
died in Oakland, Cal. , Dec. 9, 1875. He came
when a child to the United States. His chief
works are: (Etchings of a Whaling Cruise,
with Notes of a Sojourn on the Island of Zan-
zibar) (1846); (Yusef, or the Journey of the
Fragi: a Crusade in the East) (1853); (The
Land of Thor) (1866); and Adventures in the
Apache Country) (1869).
Browne, Junius Henri. An American jour.
nalist; born at Seneca Falls, N. Y. , in 1833.
He is a resident of New York city. Among his
works are: (Four Years in Secessia) (1865);
(The Great Metropolis, a Mirror of New York)
(1869); (Sights and Sensations in Europe)
(1872).
Browne, Sir Thomas. An English anti-
quary and physician (1605-82); born in Lon-
don. After receiving an academic and a
professional (medical) education in England,
he visited the Continent and took the degree
M. D. at Leyden. He was knighted by Charles
## p. 79 (#95) ##############################################
BROWNE - BROWNSON
79
:
(
II. His principal work is Religio Medici
(1642), a liberal confession of faith for that
day. Four years later he published a treatise
on (Vulgar Errors,' directed against the cur-
rent superstitions of his contemporaries. Urn
Burial appeared in 1658. After his death a
collection of his fugitive pieces was published;
and this was followed by Christian Morals,'
a collection of aphorisms. *
Browne, Thomas Alexander. See Boldre-
wood.
Browne, William. An English poet; born
in Tavistock, Devonshire, in 1591; died in
Ottery St. Mary, about 1643- He was edu-
cated at Oxford, and spent a quiet, tranquil
life. His poetry is graceful and fanciful, and
abounds in beautiful pictures of English scen-
ery. Browne has always been much admired
by the poets. His chief work is (Britannia's
Pastorals) (1613-16). "The Shepherd's Pipe!
(1614) is a collection of eclogues, and (The
Inner Temple Masque) (1614-15) tells the
story of Ulysses and Circe. His minor poems
are very fine.
The best modern editions are
by Hazlitt for the Roxburghe Club, and by
Gordon Goodwin, "The Muse's Library. *
Brownell, Henry Howard. An American
poet and writer of historical sketches; born at
Providence, R. I. , Feb. 6, 1820; died at East
Hartford, Conn. , Oct. 31, 1872. His first poetic
venture was a spirited versification of Farra-
gut's General Orders) to the feet below New
Orleans. Afterward he was appointed to an
honorary place on the Hartford flagship, and
had opportunity to observe actual naval war-
fare. In 'The Bay Fight) he describes with
truth and force the battle of Mobile Bay. He
collected and published his many occasional
verses in Lyrics of a Day, or Newspaper
Poetry by a Volunteer in the U. S. Service)
(1864). *
Brownell, William Crary. An American
essayist and critic; born in New York city,
Aug. 30, 1851. He graduated from Amherst, and
has devoted himself to critical and editorial
work in New York. He is editor of Scribner's
Magazine, and has written : (French Traits :
an Essay on Comparative Criticism (1889);
French Art' (1892); and Newport' (1896).
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. An English
poet; born in Durham, March 6, 1809; died in
Florence, June 30, 1861. She was the daughter
of an English country gentleman, Edward
Moulton, who took the name of Barrett. In
September 1846 she married Robert Browning.
Her chief poems are: “The Seraphim) (1838);
"Romaunt of the Page) (1839); (The Drama
of Exile (1844); A Vision of Poets) (1844);
(The Cry of the Children' (1844); "Casa
Guidi Windows) (1851); (Aurora Leigh' (1856),
in a measure autobiographical. Her poem
Lady Geraldine's Courtship contains a strik-
ing characterization of the poetry of Browning.
Her 'Sonnets from the Portuguese) are among
the noblest of love-poems. The Romance
of the Swan's Nest); the Rhyme of the
Duchess May); the Romaunt of Margret';
(Bertha in the Lane); and (Isobel's Child. are
romantic and original ballads. (Prometheus
Bound, a metrical translation of Æschylus,
was published in 1850. *
Browning, Robert. An English poet; born
in Camberwell, May 7, 1812; died in Venice,
Dec. 12, 1889. His first dramatic poem, Paul-
ine, which appeared anonymously in 1833, was
followed two years later by Paracelsus);
(Strafford) (1837); (Sordello) (1840); and a
series of plays and dramatic lyrics under the
title of (Bells and Pomegranates) (1841-46).
This collection included: Pippa Passes);
(King Victor and King Charles); (Colombe's
Birthday); (The Return of the Druses); 'A
Blot on the 'Scutcheon); Luria); and (A
Soul's Tragedy. In 1846 he married Eliza-
beth Barrett, and resided in Florence until her
death in 1861, when he returned to London;
but much of the latter part of his life was
spent in Italy. (The Ring and the Book) was
published in 1869. His other works include:
Christmas Eve and Easter Day) (1850); (Men
and Women) (1855); Dramatis Persone)
(1864); (Balaustion's Adventure (1871); (Fi-
fine at the Fair) (1872); (Red-Cotton Night-
cap Country) (1873); Dramatic Idylls) (1879-
80); Jocoseria) (1883); Ferishtah's Fancies)
(1884); and (Parleyings with Certain People
of Importance in their Dav) (1887). The 'Com-
plete Poetic and Dramatic Works: Cambridge
Edition) are published in I vol. by Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. ; the (Complete Works) (1897),
edited by Augustine Birrell, in 2 vols. , are pub-
lished by the Macmillan Company. *
Brownlow, William Gannaway. ("Parson
Brownlow. ")) An American politician, journal-
ist, and author; born in Wythe County, Va. ,
Aug. 29, 1805; died in Knoxville, Tenn. , April
29, 1877. During his early career he was an itin-
erant preacher, editor, and lecturer. He was a
Union champion during the Civil War, and
banished 'from the Confederate lines on that
ground. In 1865 he was elected governor of
Tennessee, and was re-elected in 1867. He was
U. S. Senator from 1869 to 1875. Among his
works are: (The Great Iron Wheel Exam-
ined) (1858); (Sketches of the Rise, Progress,
and Decline of Secession) (1862).
Brownson, Orestes Augustus. An American
author; born in Stockbridge, Vt. , Sept. 16, 1803;
died in Detroit, Mich. , April 17, 1876. His early
education was slight. Originally a Presbyte-
rian, he became a Universalist minister, after-
ward a Unitarian, and finally a Roman Cath-
olic. He was an ardent champion of popular
rights, and advocated a mild form of socialism.
His greatest work was the establishment and
editorship of the Boston Quarterly Review
(1838–43) and Brownson's Review (1844-64 and
1873-75). Of his extensive works, the best
known are : (The Convert, or Leaves from my
Experience) (1857); and (The American Re-
pub its Consti ion, Tendencies, and Des-
tiny) (1865). *
0
## p. 80 (#96) ##############################################
80
BRUCE – BUCHANAN
Bruce, Wallace. An American lecturer and
poet; born in Hillsdale, Columbia County,
N. Y. , Nov. 10, 1844. He is a prominent lecturer
on literary subjects. Among his works are :
(The Land of Burns) (1879); (From the Hud-
son to the Yosemite (1884); "Wayside Poems);
Here's a Hand.
Brun, Friederike Sophie Christiane (brön).
A German poet and writer of travels (1765-
1835); born (Miinter) at Gräfentonna in the
district of Gotha. She traveled extensively
through Switzerland, southern France, Italy, and
other countries, and came into personal acquaint-
ance with many of the foremost personages
of her day; Johann von Müller, Matthisson,
Necker, Angelica Kauffmann, Mme. de Staël,
etc.
Her books of travel were held in very
high esteem. She published three small vol-
umes of Poems'; and “Truth from Morning
Dreams and Ida's Æsthetic Development,' con-
taining reminiscences of her early years.
Brunetière, Ferdinand (brün-tyår'). A dis-
tinguished French critic; born in Toulon, July
19, 1849. He is the editor of the Revue
des Deux Mondes) and became a member of
the French Academy, 1893. In criticism he in-
clines to the idealist as opposed to the natural-
ist school. His principal works are: History
and Literature) (1884, 3 vols. ) ; (The Naturalist
Romance) (1883); “Essays on Contemporary
Literature (1892); 'Epochs of the French The-
atre) (1892). *
Bruni, Leonardo (brö'nē), surnamed Are-
tino. A noted Italian humanist; born at
Arezzo, 1369; died in Florence, March 9, 1444.
Ile forsook the study of jurisprudence to de-
vote himself wholly to the ancient classics ;
was secretary to four popes from 1404 to 1415,
but then resigned, to write the history of Flor-
ence (in 10 books). In reward he was made
chancellor of Florence. His principal service
to the cause of letters was in translations of
Aristotle, Plato, Plutarch, Demosthenes, into
Latin. He wrote a Latin comedy. His Epis-
tles) are of value for the history of his time.
Bruno, Giordano (brö'no). A renowned Ital-
ian philosopher; born at Nola, near Naples,
Italy, 1548; burned at the stake in Rome, Feb.
17, 1600, charged with heresy. His best-known
works are: Ash-Wednesday Conversations);
(The Work of the Great Key); “The Explor-
ation of the Thirty Seals); (The Taper);
(Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast); (The
Heroic Enthusiasts); and a great number of
other writings in prose and verse. *
Brush, Mrs. Christine (Chaplin). An
American artist and novelist; born in Bangor,
Me. , in 1842; died in 1892. She was a resident
of Brooklyn. Her chief work, (The Colonel's
Opera Cloak,' a novel, was published anony-
mously in 1879. She also wrote two stories:
Inside our Gates); (One Summer's Lessons
in Perspective.
Bryant, William Cullen. An American
poet; born in Cummington, Mass. , Nov. 3,
1794; died in New York, June 12, 1878. After
two years in Williams College he left it, and
turned his attention to law. But in early youth
he produced (Thanatopsis,' and some of his
best lyrics, - 'To a Waterfowl, (The Yellow
Violet, etc. , - which were the opening of a
high literary career. His longest poem, “The
Ages,' was recited at Harvard in 1821. In 1829
he became editor-in-chief of the New York
Evening Post. His books include: Letters of a
Traveler (1855); "Letters from Spain (1859);
(Letters from the East) (1869); and a Popular
History of the United States,' with S. H. Gay
(4 vols. , 1878-82). His Poems) appeared in
New York in 1832, and Washington Irving
reprinted them in London, where they went
through several editions. This book was fol-
lowed by (The Fountain and Other Poems)
(1842) and (The White-Footed Deer and Other
Poems) (1844). His first complete edition was
issued in Philadelphia in 1846. In his old age
Bryant began a translation of the “Iliad' and
(Odyssey) in blank verse; and his last great
poem was (The Flood of Years,' a noble pend-
ant to “Thanatopsis. Among his poems that
have become popular favorites are: the Forest
Hymn); (The West Wind); (June); Death of
the Flowers); and (Hymn to Death. ' *
Bryce, James. An Irish historian; born in
Belfast, May 10, 1838. After graduating at Ox-
ford in 1862, he studied at Heidelberg, and sub-
sequently practiced law in London. From 1870
till 1893 he was regius professor of civil law in
Oxford, and has had a distinguished political
He has supported Home Rule, city
reforms, and international copyright. His chief
works are: (The Holy Roman Empire) (1864);
(Transcaucasia and Ararat) (1877); and (The
American Commonwealth) (1888). *
Bryce, Lloyd. An American editor and nov.
elist ; born in Long Island, N. Y. , in 1852. He
was editor of the North American Review
from 1889 to 1896. His works are : (Paradise);
(A Dream of Conquest); (The Romance of
an Alter Ego); (Friends in Exile.
Bube, Adolf (bö’ba). A German poet (1802-
73); born at Gotha. He published two vol.
umes of miscellaneous Poems, characterized
by sincere feeling for nature. He compiled
several volumes of Popular Legends, espe-
cially of Thuringia, which he rendered in verse.
Buchanan, Robert Williams. An English
author; born in Warwickshire, Aug. 18, 1841.
He received his education in Glasgow, and
while young went to London to engage in lit-
erature. His attack upon Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti drew a famous letter from that poet on
(The Stealthy School of Criticism, and a
scathing pamphlet from Swinburne, Under
the Microscope) (1872). His poems include:
(Undertones) (1863); "Idylls and Legends of
Inverburn) (1865); London Poems, his best
effort (1866); (North Coast Poems) (1867);
Napoleon Fallen : a Lyrical Drama) (1871);
(The Drama of Kings) (1871); (Ballads of
Love, Life, and Humor) (1882); and (The City
career.
## p. 81 (#97) ##############################################
BUCHEZ- BULFINCH
81
:
of Dreams) (1888). His best novels are: (The
Shadow of the Sword? (1876); (A Child of
Nature (1879); "God and the Man) (1881);
(The Martyrdom of Madeline) (1882); and
(Foxglove Manor) (1884). Buchanan has also
written successful plays. His poems have been
collected (3 vols. , London, 1874).
Buchez, Philippe Benjamin Joseph (bü-
shā'). A French annalist and physician; born
in Mortagne, Ardennes, March 31, 1796; died
at Rhodez, Aveyron, Aug. 12, 1865. With
Roux-Lavergne he projected the Parliament-
ary History of the French Revolution) (40
vols. , 1833-38), a work of inestimable utility.
Büchner, Alexander (büch'ner). A German
critic and historian of literature, brother of
Georg B. ; born at Darmstadt, Oct. 25, 1827.
He became professor of foreign literatures at
Caen, France, in 1862. He wrote in German :
(French Literary Portraits) (2 vols. , 1858), and
two novels, (Chatterton' and Lord Byron's
Last Love) (1862); among his writings in
French are: (The Comedies of Shakespeare);
"Hamlet the Dane.
Büchner, Georg (büch'ner). A German
poet; born near Darmstadt, Oct. 17, 1813; died
Feb. 19, 1837. He studied natural science and
medicine in the universities of Strasburg and
Giessen. In 1834 he entered the political arena
with a manifesto entitled (The Rural Mes-
senger,' and bearing the motto “Peace to the
cabin, war to the palace. ) To escape arrest
he fled to Strasburg, where he studied the phi-
losophies of Descartes and Spinoza. He was
preparing to open a course of lectures in Zürich
when he died. He wrote a drama in 1834 on
(The Death of Danton,' the work of a genu-
ine but undisciplined poet. His (Complete
Works, with biography, were published in 1879.
Büchner, Luise. A German poet and novel.
ist (1821-77), sister of Georg. Her first pub-
lication, "Women and their Calling (1855), was
followed by many others on the (I woman's-
rights question”; it commanded much atten-
tion, and reached a fifth edition (1883). She
wrote a volume of tales, (From Life) (1861);
(Poet-Voices of Home and Foreign Lands);
several original poems, 'Woman's Heart); some
(Christmas Stories'; etc.
Buck, Dudley. An American organist, com-
poser, and author; born in Hartford, Conn. ,
March 10, 1839. He is organist of the Church
of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, N. Y. Aside
from several cantatas, he has written two books:
"A Dictionary of Musical Terms) and a work
on the Influence of the Organ in History)
(1882).
Buckland, Francis Trevelyan. An Eng-
lish naturalist; born at Oxford, Dec. 17, 1826;
died Dec. 19, 1880. His preferences were for
practical science; and after retiring from his
piace as surgeon to the Second Life Guards he
founded the journal Land and Water, of which
he was editor. He was an authority on fish-
culture, and as such was consulted by foreign
governments. He was a resolute opponent of
Darwinism. Besides his works on fish-culture,
he wrote: (Log-Book of a Fisherman and
Zoologist) (1876); Notes and Jottings on
Animal Life) (1882); (Curiosities of Natural
History. *
Buckle, Henry Thomas. An English his-
torian; born in Lee, Kent, Nov. 24, 1821 ; died
in Damascus, May 29, 1862. A self-educated
man, he is known for his great work (The
History of Civilization in England) (2 vols. ,
1857-61). His (Miscellaneous and Posthumous
Works) were edited by Helen Taylor (Lon-
don, 1872); new ed. by Grant Allen, 1880. *
Buckley, James Monroe. An American cler.
gyman; born in Rahway, N.
