Pediast of
Athribis
invites him to
his city.
his city.
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I am (satisfied when] the South is in obeisance,
and the North lands (cry], "Put us in thy shadow. ' Behold, it
is evil
with his offerings. The heart is a rudder that
wrecketh its owner in that which concerneth the will of God; it
looketh on flame as ice.
not a prince; see who is his
father. Thy nomes are full of children. ” 1
Then he cast himself upon his belly before his Majesty (say-
ing]: "Come to me, Horus, lord of the palace! It is thy mighty
will that doeth this unto me: I am one of the servants of the
King that pay dues to the treasury.
Count their dues:
I have paid to thee more than they. "
Then he offered to him silver, gold, lapis lazuli, malachite,
bronze, and minerals of all kinds in great quantity. Behold, the
treasury was filled with this tribute. He brought a horse in his
right hand, a sistrum in his left, a sistrum of gold and lapis
lazuli.
(Piankhy enters Hermopolis and sacrifices to Thoth. Finding the horses in
the rebel King's stables starved, he is wroth with Nemart and confis.
cates his goods. ]
Behold, his [Majesty] was brought forth gloriously from his
palace, and proceeded to the house of Thoth, lord of Khmenu.
He sacrificed bulls, oxen, and fowl to his father Thoth, lord of
Khmenu, and the gods in the House of the Eight. The soldiers
of the Hermopolite nome rejoiced and sang; they said: "How
beautiful is Horus resting in his country, Son of the Sun, Pian-
khy! Celebrate for us a Sed festival,' even as thou hast protected
the Hare-name. ”
His Majesty proceeded to the house of the King Nemart, he
went to every apartment of the palace, his treasury and his
storehouses; he caused to be brought to him the King's wives
and the King's daughters; they praised his Majesty with things
1 The meaning is not clear; but here seems to be a reference to the
diminution of the adult population by prolonged wars.
2 Khmenu means eight. Thoth, in late times at any rate, combined the
powers of the eight gods who accompanied him. He was sometimes called
«twice great, sometimes (eight times great ) =23, an arithmetical term
especially indicated by the Greek name 'Ερμής Τρισμέγιστος.
3 A «jubilee) after a thirty-years' reign; the expression is therefore
equivalent to wishing the King a thirty-years' reign. The soldiers represent
the King as the god Horus come to claim his own land.
## p. 5284 (#456) ###########################################
5284
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
that women use;' but his Majesty would not amuse himself
with them. His Majesty proceeded to the stables of the horses,
the stalls of the foals; he beheld that they were starved. He
said:-"As I live, as I love Ra, as my nostril is refreshed with
life! very grievous are these things to my heart, the starving of
my horses, more than any ill that thou hast done in the fulfilling
of thine own desire. The fear which thy surroundings have of
thee, beareth witness to me of thee. Dost thou ignore that the
shadow of God is over me, and he doth not fail in any under-
taking of mine ? Would that he who did this unto me
another, knowing me not, [then] I would not censure him for it!
But I, when I was born from the womb, when I was formed in
the egg, the deed of God was in me; and as his Ka endureth,
I do nothing without him! He it is who commandeth me to
act. "
Then he counted his [Nemart's] goods to the Treasury, his
granary to the sacred store of Amen in Aptesut.
were
3
(The King of Heracleopolis, the siege of which had been raised by the
King's troops, brings presents and promises tribute. ]
The ruler of Henen-seten, Pefauibast, came with tribute to
Pharaoh: gold, silver, every kind of mineral, and horses of the
chosen ones of the stable. He cast himself on his belly before
his Majesty, and said, “Salutation to thee, Horus, mighty King,
bull overthrowing bulls. Duat drew me down, I was over-
whelmed in darkness, for which light hath been given unto me.
«I found not a friend on the day of trouble, who would stand
in the day of fight, except thee, O mighty King! Thou hast
drawn away the darkness from me, and I will be thy servant
with all that pertain to me. Henen-seten shall pay tribute to
thy storehouse, thou the image of Harakhti, chief of the Akhmu
Seku. While he exists, so long shalt thou exist as King; if he
be not destroyed thou shalt not be destroyed, O King Piankhy,
living for ever!
1 Music, dancing, etc.
2 An oath.
3 Karnak.
4 The underworld.
5 The stars of the northern hemisphere; see Maspero's Dawn of Civiliza-
tion,' p. 94. By Harakhti, the sun is probably meant.
## p. 5285 (#457) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5285
(El Lahûn, prepared to oppose the entry of the King, yields without fighting:
the treasuries are confiscated. ]
His Majesty went north to the opening of the canal near
Rahent'; he found Per-sekhem-kheper-ra with its walls raised
high, its citadel closed and filled with every valiant man of
the North land. Then his Majesty sent to them saying: “Ye
who live in death, ye who live in death, miserable ones, wretched
ones living in death! If a moment passeth without opening (to
me], behold, ye are reckoned as conquered, and that is painful
to the King. Close not the gates of your life so as to come to
the execution block of this day. Do not love death and hate
your life;
[embrace] life in the face of all the land. ”
Then they sent to his Majesty to say: "Behold, the shadow
of God is upon thy head; the son of Nut? gives to thee his two
hands. What thy heart desireth is accomplished immediately, as
that which issues from the mouth of a god. Behold thou it!
Thou wast born as a god, and thou seest us in thy two hands.
Behold thy city, its forts [are open; do as thou wilt with it];
enterers enter in and goers out go out: let his Majesty do as he
pleaseth. ”
Then they came out with the son of the chief of the Me,
Tafnekht. The host of his Majesty entered into it; he slew not
one of all the people whom he found. [The chancellors came],
with the royal seal-bearers to seal its goods, assigning its treas-
uries to the Treasury, its granaries to the divine offerings of his
father Amen Ra, lord of the thrones of the two lands.
[Likewise with Mêdûm and Athet-taui. ]
His Majesty floated down-stream, he found that Mêdûm, the
Abode of Seker, lord of making light, had been shut up; it
could not be reached, it had put fighting into its heart. [But
they feared] terror (seized] them; awe closed their mouths.
Then his Majesty sent to them saying: “Behold ye, there are
two ways before you, choose ye as ye will: open, and ye live;
close, and ye die. My Majesty passeth not by a city closed. ”
1 The mouth of the barrier, i. e. , the entrance into the Faiyûm. The name
El Lahûn is derived from Rahent; and the city Per-sekhem-kheper-ra, « The
house of Usorkon I. ,) must have been at or close to the modern village of
El Lahûn.
? Set, the god of physical strength.
## p. 5286 (#458) ###########################################
5286
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
Then they opened immediately. His Majesty entered this
city; he offered [an oblation] to the god Menhy in Sehez. He
assigned its treasury and granaries to the divine offerings of
Amen in Apt-esut.
His Majesty floated down-stream to Athet-taui; he found the
fortress closed, the walls full of valiant soldiers of the North
land. Behold, they opened the forts, they cast themselves on
their bellies (singing praises before] his Majesty. «Thy father
hath destined for thee his heritage as lord of the two lands; thou
art in them,' thou art lord of what is upon earth. ”
His Majesty proceeded [to the temple) to cause to be offered
a great offering to the gods who are in this city, of bulls, fat
oxen and fowls, and everything good and pure. Then its treas-
ury was assigned to the Treasury, its granaries to the divine
offerings [of Amen].
[To Memphis he offers a free pardon, but the city prepares to fight. ]
His Majesty went north towards Anbuhez. Then he sent to
them, saying, "Do not close, do not fight, O Residence originally
of Shu! Let the enterers enter and the comers out come out:
let none going be stopped. I will offer sacrifice to Ptah and the
gods who are in Anbuhez; I will worship Sokaris in the Secret
Place; I will behold Res-Anbef. I will go north in peace (for
his Majesty loveth that] Anbuhez be safe and sound, and that
[even] the children weep not. Ye saw the nomes of the South:
not one [soul] was slain therein except the rebels who had blas-
phemed God. Execution on the block was done to the rebel-
lious. ”
Then they closed their forts; they caused soldiers to go out
against a few of the host of his Majesty, consisting of artisans,
of chief builders, and pilots (who had gone towards] the quay of
Anbuhez.
1 Athet-taui (Lisht ? ) was the boundary of Upper and Lower Egypt, and
probably lay in both of them. « The gods who are in this city of the
next paragraph are doubtless kings of the XIIth Dynasty as presiding
deities of the place, this royal Residence having apparently been founded by
Amenenhat I. Compare p. 5238.
? Ra, the first King of Egypt, was fabled to have resided at Heliopolis;
Shu his son and successor at Memphis. The city is called sometimes Anbu. .
hez, “white wall, sometimes Men-nefer, after the pyramid of Pepy I.
3 « South of his wall," an epithet of Ptah, god of Memphis.
## p. 5287 (#459) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5287
[Tafnekht himself visits Memphis in the night, encourages the troops, and
departs, promising to return when he has arranged matters with the allies. ]
Now that chief of Sais came to Anbuhez in the night, urging
its soldiers, its sailors and all the best of its troops, in number
eight thousand men, urging them greatly, greatly.
“Behold,
Mennefer is full of soldiers of all the best of the North land,
barley and durra, and all kinds of grain, the granaries are over-
flowing, and all kinds of weapons of (war. There is a] wall
built, a great battlement made with cunning craft. The river
bounds the eastern side, and no way of attack is there. The
stalls remain full of fat cattle, the treasury is furnished with all
things: silver, gold, copper, bronze, stuffs, incense, honey, oint-
ment. I will go, I will give things to the chiefs of Lower
Egypt; I will open to them their nomes. ' I shall be [away
traveling] three [? ] days until I return. ” He mounted a horse,
he called not for his chariots, he went north in fear of his
Majesty.
[Piankhy finds Memphis strongly fortified and the high Nile risen to its walls.
The army proposes to bridge it, or attack the city it by elaborate ap-
proaches. )
When the earth lightened and it was the second day? his
Majesty came to Anbuhez, He moored upon its north side, he
found the water risen to the walls and ships moored at [the
quay of] Mennefer. Then his Majesty saw that it was mighty
indeed, the wall raised high with new building, the battlement
manned with strength; no way of attacking it was found. Each
person fell to saying his say among the hosts of his Majesty of
every rule of warfare, and every man said, “Let us lay siege to
[Anbuhez]; behold, her soldiers are many. ” Others said: “Make
a causeway unto it; let us raise the ground to its wall; let us
construct a wooden work, let us set up ships' masts, let us make
its edges of poles. Let us divide it with these things on every
side of it, with embankments and
upon its north side,
in order to raise the ground to its wall that we may find a way
for our feet. ”
1 It is difficult to see what is meant by this. Possibly Tafnekht was pro-
posing to bribe the Northern chiefs into continuing the war, by giving up his
recently acquired claims as suzerain.
? Or «very early. ”
3 Perhaps Let us put these things at intervals. ”
## p. 5288 (#460) ###########################################
5288
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
[The King determines to assault it immediately; he seizes all the boats at the
quay, where the houses were comparatively unprotected, and landing his
men in them at that point captures the city. ]
Then his Majesty raged against it [the city] like a leopard,
he said:-“As I live, as I love Ra, as my father Amen who
formed me praiseth me, these things have happened unto it by
the command of Amen. These things are what men say: "[The
North Country] with the nomes of the South they open to him
[Tafnekht] from afar; they had not placed Amen in their hearts,
they knew not what he had commanded. [Then] he [Amen]
made him [Piankhy] in order to accomplish his mighty will, to
cause the awe of him to be seen. ' I will take it like a water
flood; [this] hath [my father Amen commanded me. ”
Then he caused his ships and his army to set out to attack the
quay of Mennefer.
They brought back to him every ferry-boat,
every cabin-boat, every dahabiyeh, and the ships in all their
number that were moored at the quay of Mennefer, the bows
being moored in its houses [on account of the height of the
water. Not] the least of the soldiers of his Majesty mourned. ?
His Majesty came to direct the ships in person in all their
number. His Majesty commanded his soldiers: Forward to it!
Scale the walls, enter the houses upon the bank of the stream.
If one of you enters upon the wall there will be no stand
against him [for a moment], the levies [? ] will not bar you.
Moreover, it is feeble that we should shut up the South Country,
moor at the North land, and sit still at the Balance of the two
lands. )3
Then Mennefer was captured as by a flood of water; men
were slain within it in great numbers, and were taken as pris-
oners to the place where his Majesty was.
[In Memphis Piankhy sacrifices. The neighboring garrisons flee; three North-
ern chiefs and all the nomarchs submit in person; the treasures of Mem-
phis are confiscated. ]
When the [land lightened] and the second day came, his
Majesty caused men to go to it to protect the temples of God
for him, to guard the sanctuary of the gods from the profane,
.
1 The boats were floating on a level with the top of the quay.
? I. e. , no single one of the assailants was injured in the slightest degree.
3 Meaning of course at the boundary between Upper and Lower Egypt. ”
* By waving the wand of sanctification therein.
## p. 5289 (#461) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5289
to sacrifice to the royal circle of gods of Hetkaptah,' to purify
Mennefer with natron and incense, to put the priests on the
place of their feet. ? His Majesty proceeded to the house of
[Ptah]; his purification was performed in the Chamber of Early
Morning, and all the things prescribed for a king were accom-
plished. He entered the temple, great offerings were made to
his father Ptahresanbef, of fat bulls, oxen, and fowl, and every
good thing. His Majesty proceeded to his house.
Then all the villages that were in the region of Mennefer
heard, namely, Hery the city, Penynaauaa, the tower of Byu,
and the oasis of By; they opened their gates, they fled in flight;
one knoweth not the place to which they went.
Came Auapeth with the chief of the Me, Akaneshu, with the
erpa Pediast, with all the nomarchs of the North land, bearing
their tribute, to see the beauties of his Majesty.
Then were assigned the treasuries and the granaries of Men-
nefer, and made into the second offerings of Amen, of Ptah, of
the circle of the gods in Hetkaptah.
(Piankhy crosses over to Babylon, and worships there. )
When the land lightened and the second day came his
Majesty proceeded to the East, and made a purification to Tum
in Kheraha,' [and to] the circle of the gods in the house of the
circle of the gods; namely, the cave in which the gods are, con-
sisting of fat bulls, oxen, and fowls, that they might give Life,
Prosperity, and Health to the King Piankhy, living forever.
[He proceeds along the Sacred Way to Heliopolis, visiting the holy places,
and enters the sanctuary of Tum in Heliopolis, etc. King Usorkon
submits. ]
His Majesty proceeded to Anue on that mount of Kheraha,
upon the road of the god Sep, to Kheraha. His Majesty pro-
i The sacred name of Memphis, supposed to be the origin of the name
"Αιγυπτος - «Egypt. ”
? I. e. , to re-establish the order of the temple services, etc.
3 A chamber set apart for the sacred toilet; see also below, p. 5290.
* Or «very early. ”
5 Kheraha was on the site of old Cairo, known to the classical authors as
Babylon. The cave mentioned is not now known.
6 On, Heliopolis. Here was a sacred well of water (“The Cool Pool »),
supposed to spring from Nu, the primeval waters in heaven and earth, and
not to be derived from Hapi or the Nile. Tradition relates that it was at
this same well, still pointed out at Matariyeh, that the Blessed Virgin washed
the Child on her arrival in Egypt.
## p. 5290 (#462) ###########################################
5290
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
ceeded to the camp which was on the west of the Atiu canal; he
was purified in the midst of the Cool Pool, his face was washed
in the stream of Nu, in which Ra washes his face. He pro-
ceeded to the sand-hill in Anu, he made a great sacrifice on the
sand-hill in Anu, before the face of Ra at his rising, consisting
of white bulls, milk, frankincense, incense, all woods sweet-
smelling. He came, proceeding to the house of Ra; he entered
the temple with rejoicings. The chief lector praised the god
that warded off miscreants from the King. The rites of the
Chamber of Early Morning were performed, the cloak was put
on, he was purified with incense and cold water, flowers for the
Het Benben? were brought to him. He took the flowers, he
ascended the staircase to the great window, to see Ra in the Het
Benben. The King himself stood alone, he put the key into the
bolt, he opened the double doors, and saw his father Ra in the
Het Benben. He sanctified the Madet boat of Ra, the Sektet
boat of Tum. ” The doors were shut, clay was applied and
sealed with the King's own seal; and the priests were charged,
“I, I have examined the seal; let none other enter therein of all
the kings who shall exist. "
Then they cast themselves on their bellies before his Maj-
esty, saying, Unto eternity, Horus loving Anu shall not be
destroyed. ” Returning thence, he entered the house of Tum,
and followed the image of his father Tum Khepera, chief of
Anu.
Came the King Usorkon to see the beauties of his Majesty.
(Piankhy goes to the vicinity of Athribis and receives the homage of all
the Northern princes and nobles.
Pediast of Athribis invites him to
his city. ]
When the land lightened on the second day, his Majesty
went to the quay, and the best of his ships crossed over to
the quay of Kakem. The camp of his Majesty was pitched on
the south of Kaheni, on the east of Kakem. These kings and
1 Or «mishaps. ” This seems to have been a sort of Te Deum.
2 The Benben was a pyramidal stone, sacred to Ra or representing him.
It was shaped like the top of an obelisk.
3 The boats in which the Sun god traversed the heavens during forenoon
and afternoon respectively.
* 1. e. , the King.
5 Or «very early. ”
6 Athribis.
## p. 5291 (#463) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5291
nomarchs of the North land, all the chiefs who wore the feather,
every vizier, all the chiefs, every royal acquaintance in the West
and in the East, and in the islands in the midst, came to see the
beauties of his Majesty. The erpa Pediast threw himself on his
belly before his Majesty, and said: “Come to Kakem, that thou
mayest see the god Khentkhety; that thou mayest khu [? ] the
goddess Khuyt; that thou mayest offer sacrifices to Horus in his
house, consisting of fat bulls, oxen, fowls; that thou mayest
enter my house, open my treasury, and load thyself with the
things of my father. I will give thee gold unto the limits of thy
desire, malachite heaped before thy face, horses many of the best
of the stable, the leaders of the stall. ”
[Piankhy goes to Athribis and worships the local god. Pediast sets the ex-
ample of giving up his goods without concealment. ]
Proceeded his Majesty to the house of Horus Khentkhety,
and caused to be offered fat bulls, oxen, ducks, fowl to his father
Horus Khentkhety, lord of Kemur. Proceeded his Majesty to
the house of the erpa Pediast; he presented him with silver,
gold, lapis lazuli, malachite, a great collection of every kind of
thing, and stuffs, and royal linen in every count, couches covered
with fine linen, frankincense, and unguents in jars, stallions and
mares of the leaders of his stable. He [Pediast] cleared himself
by the life of Gods before the face of these kings and great chiefs
of the North land:-“Each one of them that hides his horses,
that conceals his goods, let him die the death of his father.
Thus may it be done to me, whether ye acquit thy humble ser-
vant in all things that ye knew of concerning me, or whether ye
say I have hidden from his Majesty anything of my father, gold,
jewelry, with minerals and ornaments of all kinds, bracelets for
the arms, collars for the neck, pendants [? ] inlaid with minerals,
amulets for every limb, chaplets for the head, rings for the ears,
all the apparel of a king, every vessel of royal purification in
gold, and every sort of mineral; all these things I have offered
1 The land was divided among kings, nomarchs, and, apparently, Libyan
chiefs entitled to wear a feather. The kings had their viziers; the nom-
archs and chiefs bad their subordinate chiefs, etc. “Royal acquaintances »
were persons related to the royal families.
? 1. e. , the linen was of various degrees of fineness, or as we also say
technically, of various counts »; meaning that there are so many threads
more or less in any given square of stuff.
3 An oath.
## p. 5292 (#464) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5292
So.
1
1
before the king, stuffs and clothes in thousands of all the best of
my looms. I know by what thou wilt be appeased. Go to the
stable, choose thou what thou wilt of all the horses that thou
desirest. ” Then his Majesty did so.
[The princes of Lower Egypt return to their cities to fetch further tribute.
A revolt at Mesed is promptly suppressed and the city given as a re-
ward to Pediast. )
Said these kings and nomarchs before his Majesty, “Let us
go to our cities, let us open our treasuries, let us select accord-
ing to the desire of thy heart, let us bring to thee the best of
our stables, the chief of our horses. ” Then his Majesty did even
List of their names :
The King Usorkon in Per Bast and the territory of Ranefer;
The King Auapeth in Tentremu and Taanta [? ];
The nomarch Zedamenafankh in Mendes and the Granary
of Ra;
His son and heir, the captain of the host in Hermopolis
Parva, Ankhhor;
The nomarch Akanesh in Thebneter, in Perhebyt, and in
Smabehed;
The nomarch and chief of the Me, Pathenf in Per-Sepd and
in the Granary of Anbuhez;
The nomarch and chief of the Me, Pamai in Busiris;
The nomarch and chief of the Me, Nesnakedy in Heseb-ka;
The nomarch and chief of the Me, Nekhthornashenut in Per-
gerer;1
The chief of the Me, Pentuart;
The chief of the Me, Pentabekhent;
The priest of Horus, lord of Letopolis, Pedihorsmataui;
The nomarch Hurobasa in the house of Sekhemt mistress of
Sa, and the house of Sekhemt mistress of Rohesaut;
The nomarch Zedkhiau in Khentnefer;
The nomarch Pabas in Kheraha and the house of Hapi.
With all their good tribute [consisting of] gold, silver, [lapis
lazuli], maſlachite), [couches] covered with fine linen, frankin-
cense in jars, [and all things that pertain to a man great] in
wealth, rich in horses.
1 First we have two kings, six nomarchs and high Libyan chiefs; after
these, two under-chiefs are mentioned, and then four nomarchs in the first
and second nomes of Lower Egypt, which are separated as having belonged
to Tafnekht's kingdom.
## p. 5293 (#465) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5293
one
.
[After] these things came to say to his Majesty:
[“Whereas the nomarch and captain of the] host [
hath
thrown down] the wall (of
and] set fire to his treasury,
[and Aed away] upon the river, he hath fortified Mesed' with
soldiers, and hath
Then his Majesty caused his warriors to go to see what took
place therein, as an ally of the erpa Pediast. One came to report
to his Majesty saying, “We have slain all the people that we found
there. ” His Majesty gave it as a present to the erpa Pediast.
[Lastly, Tafnekht begs for mercy: ambassadors receive his presents and sub-
mission to the King, and he is pardoned. ]
Then the chief of the Me, Tafnekht, heard it;? he caused a
messenger to go to the place where his Majesty was, begging his
mercy, saying:—“Be gracious! I have not seen thy face in the
days of shåme; I cannot stand before thy flame; I am terrified
at thy awe. Behold, thou art Nubti in the Land of the South,
Mentu, the mighty bull. In all these matters to which thou hast
given thy attention thou hast not found thy humble servant
until I reached the island of the sea. I am afraid of thy mighty
spirit according to that saying, “The flame is my enemy. Doth
not the heart of thy Majesty cool with these things that thou
hast done unto me? Verily I am in misery. I am not smitten
according to the account of the wickedness. Having weighed
with the balance, having reckoned by the ounce, thou multipliest
it unto me thrice; having carried away the seed, thou sweepest up
[the remnant) at the same time. Do not cut down the grove
to its root. As thy Ka endureth, thy terror is in my body, thy
fear in my bones; I have not sat in the room of carousal,” the
harp hath not been brought to me. Behold, I eat the bread of
hunger, I drink water in thirst, since the day that thou learnedst
my name. Pain is in my bones, my head is unshaven, my
clothes in rags, in order that Neith may be made gracious unto
me. Long is the course that thou hast brought to me; turn thy
1 Site unknown.
2 Tafnekht was on an island in the Mediterranean, and therefore heard
the news of the surrender of the Northern princes only after some time bad
elapsed.
3 Nubti=Set, the god of valor. Mentu was the god of battle.
* « Kedt-weight,” really 140 grains.
5 Lit. , «beer-room. ”
## p. 5294 (#466) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5294
now.
face unto me A year hath cleansed my Ka and purified
thy servant from his wickedness. Let my goods be taken to the
Treasury, consisting of gold with every sort of mineral, and the
best of the horses accoutred with everything. Let a messenger
come to me in haste, that he may drive fear from my heart.
Let me go out to the temple in his sight, let me clear myself
with an oath by God. ”
His Majesty caused to go the Chief Lector Pediamennestaui,
and the captain of the host Puarma. He [Tafnekht] presented
him [Piankhy] with silver, gold, stuffs, every valuable mineral.
He went out to the temple, he praised God, he cleared him-
self with an oath by God, saying: "I will not transgress the
command of the King. I will not reject the words of his
Majesty; I will not sin against a nomarch without thy knowledge;
I will act according to the words of the King; I will not trans-
gress what he hath commanded. ” Then his Majesty was satisfied
therewith.
[Crocodilopolis and Aphroditopolis having submitted, the whole country is at
the feet of the conqueror, who loads his ships with the tribute and de-
parts homeward. ]
One came to say to his Majesty: "The temple of Sebek, they
have opened its fort, Metnu hath cast itself upon its belly, there
is not a nome that is shut against his Majesty in the nomes
of the South, North, West, or East. The islands in the midst
are upon their bellies with fear of him, and are causing their
goods to be brought to the place where his Majesty is, like the
serfs of the palace. "
When the land lightened, very early? came these two rulers
of the South and two rulers of the North, wearing uræi, to
smell the ground to the mighty spirit of his Majesty. Behold,
moreover, these kings and nomarchs of the North land came to
see the beauties of his Majesty; their feet were as the feet of
women, they entered not to the King's house, for that they were
impure and eaters of fishes, which is an abomination to the
King's house. Behold, the King Nemart, he entered to the King's
palace, for that he was pure, he ate not fishes. They stood upon
their feet, but the one of them entered the palace.
1 Or on the second day. ”
2 As symbols of regal power.
Perhaps this means ceremonially unclean.
3
## p. 5295 (#467) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5295
Then the ships were loaded with silver, gold, bronze, stuffs,
all things of the North land, all products of Kharu, all woods of
the Divine Land.
His Majesty went up-stream, his heart enlarged, all about him
were rejoicing; West and East, they rose high, rejoicing around
his Majesty, singing and rejoicing; they said:-“O mighty King!
O mighty King! Piankhy!
Piankhy! O mighty King!
O mighty King! Thou hast come,
thou hast ruled the North land. Thou makest bulls into women.
Happy is the heart of the mother that bore a male child, that
was impregnated with thee amongst the mountains. Praises be
given unto her! the cow that hath borne a bull! Thou shalt be
to eternity, thy victory remaineth, O Ruler, loving Thebes. "
Translation of F. Ll. Griffith.
INSCRIPTION OF UNA
[It is interesting to compare the inscription of Piankhy with an example
of the historical texts of the Old Kingdom. Only two are known of any con-
siderable length, and the following is one of them. The biographical inscrip-
tion of Una, administrator of Upper Egypt, takes one back to 3000 B. C. ,
when almost the only great monuments in Egypt were the pyramids, to the
number of which each successive king added.
The inscription was found on a slab in the great cemetery of Abydos, and
is now in the Gizeh Museum. The style is somewhat arid, but attracts by its
primitive and simple character. ]
[Una's youth under King Teta, founder of the Vith Dynasty. ]
[Una saith] I was tying the girdle,' under the majesty of
Teta. My grade was that of superintendent of stores, and I
acted as overseer of the garden of Pharaoh.
[Una appointed pyramid priest and then judge by Pepy I. He assists at
trials in the royal harîm. ]
[I was] chief of the debat [? ] city
under the maj-
esty of Pepy: his Majesty put me into the position of royal
friend and superintendent of the priests of his pyramid city. ”
i The first words are lost. The girdle was probably assumed at about
the age of twelve.
? As a rule, each king seems to have built his pyramid in the desert behind
his principal residence. The latter was often founded by the king, but might
serve for some of his successors, who would then build their pyramids near
his. The pyramid field of Memphis is very ancient, and many of the earlier
kings must have resided there; but curiously enough the name Mennefer,
Memphis, is taken from that of the pyramid of Pepy I. , here referred to.
## p. 5296 (#468) ###########################################
5296
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
Behold I was
and his Majesty appointed me judge,
and his heart was satisfied with me more than with any of his
servants: I heard cases alone with the chief justice and vizier in
every secret proceeding [of the palace ? ]
in the name
of the King, of the royal harîm and of the six great houses,'
because the King's heart was satisfied with me more than with
any of his officers, of his nobles, or of his servants.
(Royal present of a sarcophagus, etc. , from the limestone quarries of Turra. }
[Command was given] by the Majesty of my lord to bring
for me a sarcophagus of white stone from Ra-au, and his Maj-
esty caused the divine treasurer to cross over [the river) with a
band (of soldiers and artificers] under him to bring for me this
sarcophagus from Ra-au. ? He returned with it in the great
transport ship of the Residence, together with its lid, and a false
door with the lintel, jambs, and foundation block: never was this
or the like done to any servant. But I was successful in the
heart of his Majesty, I was rooted in the heart of his Majesty;
and the heart of his Majesty was satisfied with me.
[Appointment as principal judge in the trial of the queen. )
Now when I was judge, his Majesty made me a sole friend
and superintendent of the garden of Pharaoh, and I instructed [? ]
four [? ] of the superintendents of Pharaoh's gardens who were
there. I acted according to his Majesty's desire in performing
the choosing of the guard [? ] and making the way of the king
and marshaling the nobles (at the court]; I acted altogether so
that his Majesty praised me for it more than anything.
When an accusation was brought in the royal harîm against
the chief royal wife Aamtesi as a a secret affair, his Majesty
caused me to enter to it and hear the case alone, without there
being any chief justice and vizier, or any officer there but me
only, on account of my success and rooting in the heart of his
Majesty and of his heart being satisfied with me.
[the report] in writing, alone with one judge. Behold, my office
I drew up
"Perhaps schools of law, etc.
? These quarries, at the modern Turra, have been the source of fine white
limestone down to the present day. They were exactly opposite Memphis in
the eastern hills.
3 Probably this means the arrangement of a body-guard or performance of
the ritual for the King's amuletic and religious protection.
## p. 5297 (#469) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5297
was that of superintendent of Pharaoh's garden: never before
did one of my grade hear a secret process of the royal harim;
but his Majesty caused me to hear it, because of my success in
the heart of his Majesty above any officer and any noble and any
servant of his.
[Una commander-in-chief of all the native and foreign forces in an expedition
against the Eastern Bedawîn. ]
When his Majesty chastised the Aamu-Herusha' and his Maj-
esty made an army of many tens of thousands out of the whole
of the Upper Country, from Abu? in the south to Aphroditopo-
lis [? ] in the north, and out of the Lower Country, from the
whole of the two sides,s out of Sezer and Khen-sezeru,“ negroes
from Arertet,» negroes from Meza, negroes from Aam, negroes
from Wawat, negroes from Kaau, and foreigners from the land
of Temehº; his Majesty sent me at the head of this host.
Behold, even the ha-princes, even the royal chancellors, even
the royal friends of the court, even the nomarchs and governors
of fortresses of the Upper Country and the Lower Country, the
royal friends superintending the frontier, the superintendents of
priests of the Upper and Lower Countries, and the superin-
tendents of domain lands, in command of the contingents from
the Upper and Lower Countries, and from the fortresses [? ] and
cities that they ruled, and of the negroes of these tribes — I it
was who planned their procedure, although my grade was that
of superintendent of the garden of Pharaoh, on account of the
preciseness of my disposition: in such a way that no one of them
encroached on any of his fellows, that no one of them took bread
or sandals from the wayfarer, that no one of them stole dough
from any village, and that no one of them took a goat from any
people. I directed them to the Island of the North, the Gate of
1 « The Asiatics who dwell upon the sand - i. e. , Bedawîn.
2 Elephantine.
3 The Eastern and Western borders of Lower Egypt.
* These names probably mean the halting-station for the night,” and “the
bedchamber of halting-station for the night »; evidently garrisoned posts on
the main desert routes.
• Arertet, Meza, Aam, Wawat, Kaau, were all in Nubia, and at no great dis-
tance from Egypt. The Meza were afterwards regularly drawn upon for
soldiers and police. The Kaau are more generally called Setu.
6 1. e. , the land of the Libyans.
IX-332
## p. 5298 (#470) ###########################################
5298
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
I-hetep, the Uart [? ] of Horus Lord' of Truth. And behold,
although I was of this grade
I reviewed the number of
these troops which had never been reviewed by any servant.
This host returned in peace: it had harried the land of the Her-
usha;
this host returned in peace: it had trampled on the land of the
Herusha;
this host returned in peace: it had overthrown its inclosures.
this host returned in peace: it had cut down its figs and vines.
this host returned in peace: it had set fire to all its (camps ? ];
this host returned in peace: it had slain the troops in it in many
tens of thousands;
this host returned in peace: it had (carried off people] from it,
very numerous, as prisoners alive:
and his Majesty praised me for it more than anything.
His Majesty sent me to direct [this] host five times, and to
smite the land of the Herusha at each of the revolts with these
troops, and I acted so that his Majesty praised me for it more
than anything. And when it was reported that there were war-
riors of this tribe in the Wild-Goat's Nose, I crossed over in
boats with these troops, and landed on the coast of Thest, on
the north of the land of the Herusha: and behold, when this
host had marched by land, I came and smote them all down,
and slew every warrior of them.
[Una made governor of the whole of Upper Egypt by the next king,
Merenra Mehti-em-saf. ]
I was carrier of the chair and sandals at the court, and the
king Merenra my lord, who lives (for ever], appointed me ha-
prince, governor of the Upper Country, from Abu in the south
to Aphroditopolis [? ] in the north, because of my success in the
heart of his Majesty, and my rooting in the heart of his
Majesty, and because the heart of his Majesty was satisfied (with
me]. And while I was carrier of the chair and sandals, his
Majesty praised me for my watchfulness and body-guardianship
which I displayed in ushering in nobles [? ], which exceeded that
of any officer, noble, or servant of his. Never before was this
function discharged by any servant.
1 «Horus Lord of Truth ) was the Ka name of King Sneferu (the first king
of the IVth Dynasty, not much less than 4000 B. C. ]. Probably this expedition
went toward the Sinaitic peninsula.
2 Sea-coast, perhaps of the Red Sea.
## p. 5299 (#471) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5299
I performed for him the office of governor of the Upper
Country to satisfaction, so that no one there encroached upon
his fellow for any work: I paid [? ] everything that is paid to the
Residence from this Upper Country twice over, and every hour's
service that is given to the palace in this Upper Country twice
over; and discharged my office in such a way that it established
a standard of duty' in this Upper Country. Never was the like
done in this Upper Country before. I acted altogether so that
his Majesty praised me for it.
(Una commissioned to obtain monuments for Merenra's pyramid from
Abhat, and granite from the region of Elephantine.
and the North lands (cry], "Put us in thy shadow. ' Behold, it
is evil
with his offerings. The heart is a rudder that
wrecketh its owner in that which concerneth the will of God; it
looketh on flame as ice.
not a prince; see who is his
father. Thy nomes are full of children. ” 1
Then he cast himself upon his belly before his Majesty (say-
ing]: "Come to me, Horus, lord of the palace! It is thy mighty
will that doeth this unto me: I am one of the servants of the
King that pay dues to the treasury.
Count their dues:
I have paid to thee more than they. "
Then he offered to him silver, gold, lapis lazuli, malachite,
bronze, and minerals of all kinds in great quantity. Behold, the
treasury was filled with this tribute. He brought a horse in his
right hand, a sistrum in his left, a sistrum of gold and lapis
lazuli.
(Piankhy enters Hermopolis and sacrifices to Thoth. Finding the horses in
the rebel King's stables starved, he is wroth with Nemart and confis.
cates his goods. ]
Behold, his [Majesty] was brought forth gloriously from his
palace, and proceeded to the house of Thoth, lord of Khmenu.
He sacrificed bulls, oxen, and fowl to his father Thoth, lord of
Khmenu, and the gods in the House of the Eight. The soldiers
of the Hermopolite nome rejoiced and sang; they said: "How
beautiful is Horus resting in his country, Son of the Sun, Pian-
khy! Celebrate for us a Sed festival,' even as thou hast protected
the Hare-name. ”
His Majesty proceeded to the house of the King Nemart, he
went to every apartment of the palace, his treasury and his
storehouses; he caused to be brought to him the King's wives
and the King's daughters; they praised his Majesty with things
1 The meaning is not clear; but here seems to be a reference to the
diminution of the adult population by prolonged wars.
2 Khmenu means eight. Thoth, in late times at any rate, combined the
powers of the eight gods who accompanied him. He was sometimes called
«twice great, sometimes (eight times great ) =23, an arithmetical term
especially indicated by the Greek name 'Ερμής Τρισμέγιστος.
3 A «jubilee) after a thirty-years' reign; the expression is therefore
equivalent to wishing the King a thirty-years' reign. The soldiers represent
the King as the god Horus come to claim his own land.
## p. 5284 (#456) ###########################################
5284
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
that women use;' but his Majesty would not amuse himself
with them. His Majesty proceeded to the stables of the horses,
the stalls of the foals; he beheld that they were starved. He
said:-"As I live, as I love Ra, as my nostril is refreshed with
life! very grievous are these things to my heart, the starving of
my horses, more than any ill that thou hast done in the fulfilling
of thine own desire. The fear which thy surroundings have of
thee, beareth witness to me of thee. Dost thou ignore that the
shadow of God is over me, and he doth not fail in any under-
taking of mine ? Would that he who did this unto me
another, knowing me not, [then] I would not censure him for it!
But I, when I was born from the womb, when I was formed in
the egg, the deed of God was in me; and as his Ka endureth,
I do nothing without him! He it is who commandeth me to
act. "
Then he counted his [Nemart's] goods to the Treasury, his
granary to the sacred store of Amen in Aptesut.
were
3
(The King of Heracleopolis, the siege of which had been raised by the
King's troops, brings presents and promises tribute. ]
The ruler of Henen-seten, Pefauibast, came with tribute to
Pharaoh: gold, silver, every kind of mineral, and horses of the
chosen ones of the stable. He cast himself on his belly before
his Majesty, and said, “Salutation to thee, Horus, mighty King,
bull overthrowing bulls. Duat drew me down, I was over-
whelmed in darkness, for which light hath been given unto me.
«I found not a friend on the day of trouble, who would stand
in the day of fight, except thee, O mighty King! Thou hast
drawn away the darkness from me, and I will be thy servant
with all that pertain to me. Henen-seten shall pay tribute to
thy storehouse, thou the image of Harakhti, chief of the Akhmu
Seku. While he exists, so long shalt thou exist as King; if he
be not destroyed thou shalt not be destroyed, O King Piankhy,
living for ever!
1 Music, dancing, etc.
2 An oath.
3 Karnak.
4 The underworld.
5 The stars of the northern hemisphere; see Maspero's Dawn of Civiliza-
tion,' p. 94. By Harakhti, the sun is probably meant.
## p. 5285 (#457) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5285
(El Lahûn, prepared to oppose the entry of the King, yields without fighting:
the treasuries are confiscated. ]
His Majesty went north to the opening of the canal near
Rahent'; he found Per-sekhem-kheper-ra with its walls raised
high, its citadel closed and filled with every valiant man of
the North land. Then his Majesty sent to them saying: “Ye
who live in death, ye who live in death, miserable ones, wretched
ones living in death! If a moment passeth without opening (to
me], behold, ye are reckoned as conquered, and that is painful
to the King. Close not the gates of your life so as to come to
the execution block of this day. Do not love death and hate
your life;
[embrace] life in the face of all the land. ”
Then they sent to his Majesty to say: "Behold, the shadow
of God is upon thy head; the son of Nut? gives to thee his two
hands. What thy heart desireth is accomplished immediately, as
that which issues from the mouth of a god. Behold thou it!
Thou wast born as a god, and thou seest us in thy two hands.
Behold thy city, its forts [are open; do as thou wilt with it];
enterers enter in and goers out go out: let his Majesty do as he
pleaseth. ”
Then they came out with the son of the chief of the Me,
Tafnekht. The host of his Majesty entered into it; he slew not
one of all the people whom he found. [The chancellors came],
with the royal seal-bearers to seal its goods, assigning its treas-
uries to the Treasury, its granaries to the divine offerings of his
father Amen Ra, lord of the thrones of the two lands.
[Likewise with Mêdûm and Athet-taui. ]
His Majesty floated down-stream, he found that Mêdûm, the
Abode of Seker, lord of making light, had been shut up; it
could not be reached, it had put fighting into its heart. [But
they feared] terror (seized] them; awe closed their mouths.
Then his Majesty sent to them saying: “Behold ye, there are
two ways before you, choose ye as ye will: open, and ye live;
close, and ye die. My Majesty passeth not by a city closed. ”
1 The mouth of the barrier, i. e. , the entrance into the Faiyûm. The name
El Lahûn is derived from Rahent; and the city Per-sekhem-kheper-ra, « The
house of Usorkon I. ,) must have been at or close to the modern village of
El Lahûn.
? Set, the god of physical strength.
## p. 5286 (#458) ###########################################
5286
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
Then they opened immediately. His Majesty entered this
city; he offered [an oblation] to the god Menhy in Sehez. He
assigned its treasury and granaries to the divine offerings of
Amen in Apt-esut.
His Majesty floated down-stream to Athet-taui; he found the
fortress closed, the walls full of valiant soldiers of the North
land. Behold, they opened the forts, they cast themselves on
their bellies (singing praises before] his Majesty. «Thy father
hath destined for thee his heritage as lord of the two lands; thou
art in them,' thou art lord of what is upon earth. ”
His Majesty proceeded [to the temple) to cause to be offered
a great offering to the gods who are in this city, of bulls, fat
oxen and fowls, and everything good and pure. Then its treas-
ury was assigned to the Treasury, its granaries to the divine
offerings [of Amen].
[To Memphis he offers a free pardon, but the city prepares to fight. ]
His Majesty went north towards Anbuhez. Then he sent to
them, saying, "Do not close, do not fight, O Residence originally
of Shu! Let the enterers enter and the comers out come out:
let none going be stopped. I will offer sacrifice to Ptah and the
gods who are in Anbuhez; I will worship Sokaris in the Secret
Place; I will behold Res-Anbef. I will go north in peace (for
his Majesty loveth that] Anbuhez be safe and sound, and that
[even] the children weep not. Ye saw the nomes of the South:
not one [soul] was slain therein except the rebels who had blas-
phemed God. Execution on the block was done to the rebel-
lious. ”
Then they closed their forts; they caused soldiers to go out
against a few of the host of his Majesty, consisting of artisans,
of chief builders, and pilots (who had gone towards] the quay of
Anbuhez.
1 Athet-taui (Lisht ? ) was the boundary of Upper and Lower Egypt, and
probably lay in both of them. « The gods who are in this city of the
next paragraph are doubtless kings of the XIIth Dynasty as presiding
deities of the place, this royal Residence having apparently been founded by
Amenenhat I. Compare p. 5238.
? Ra, the first King of Egypt, was fabled to have resided at Heliopolis;
Shu his son and successor at Memphis. The city is called sometimes Anbu. .
hez, “white wall, sometimes Men-nefer, after the pyramid of Pepy I.
3 « South of his wall," an epithet of Ptah, god of Memphis.
## p. 5287 (#459) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5287
[Tafnekht himself visits Memphis in the night, encourages the troops, and
departs, promising to return when he has arranged matters with the allies. ]
Now that chief of Sais came to Anbuhez in the night, urging
its soldiers, its sailors and all the best of its troops, in number
eight thousand men, urging them greatly, greatly.
“Behold,
Mennefer is full of soldiers of all the best of the North land,
barley and durra, and all kinds of grain, the granaries are over-
flowing, and all kinds of weapons of (war. There is a] wall
built, a great battlement made with cunning craft. The river
bounds the eastern side, and no way of attack is there. The
stalls remain full of fat cattle, the treasury is furnished with all
things: silver, gold, copper, bronze, stuffs, incense, honey, oint-
ment. I will go, I will give things to the chiefs of Lower
Egypt; I will open to them their nomes. ' I shall be [away
traveling] three [? ] days until I return. ” He mounted a horse,
he called not for his chariots, he went north in fear of his
Majesty.
[Piankhy finds Memphis strongly fortified and the high Nile risen to its walls.
The army proposes to bridge it, or attack the city it by elaborate ap-
proaches. )
When the earth lightened and it was the second day? his
Majesty came to Anbuhez, He moored upon its north side, he
found the water risen to the walls and ships moored at [the
quay of] Mennefer. Then his Majesty saw that it was mighty
indeed, the wall raised high with new building, the battlement
manned with strength; no way of attacking it was found. Each
person fell to saying his say among the hosts of his Majesty of
every rule of warfare, and every man said, “Let us lay siege to
[Anbuhez]; behold, her soldiers are many. ” Others said: “Make
a causeway unto it; let us raise the ground to its wall; let us
construct a wooden work, let us set up ships' masts, let us make
its edges of poles. Let us divide it with these things on every
side of it, with embankments and
upon its north side,
in order to raise the ground to its wall that we may find a way
for our feet. ”
1 It is difficult to see what is meant by this. Possibly Tafnekht was pro-
posing to bribe the Northern chiefs into continuing the war, by giving up his
recently acquired claims as suzerain.
? Or «very early. ”
3 Perhaps Let us put these things at intervals. ”
## p. 5288 (#460) ###########################################
5288
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
[The King determines to assault it immediately; he seizes all the boats at the
quay, where the houses were comparatively unprotected, and landing his
men in them at that point captures the city. ]
Then his Majesty raged against it [the city] like a leopard,
he said:-“As I live, as I love Ra, as my father Amen who
formed me praiseth me, these things have happened unto it by
the command of Amen. These things are what men say: "[The
North Country] with the nomes of the South they open to him
[Tafnekht] from afar; they had not placed Amen in their hearts,
they knew not what he had commanded. [Then] he [Amen]
made him [Piankhy] in order to accomplish his mighty will, to
cause the awe of him to be seen. ' I will take it like a water
flood; [this] hath [my father Amen commanded me. ”
Then he caused his ships and his army to set out to attack the
quay of Mennefer.
They brought back to him every ferry-boat,
every cabin-boat, every dahabiyeh, and the ships in all their
number that were moored at the quay of Mennefer, the bows
being moored in its houses [on account of the height of the
water. Not] the least of the soldiers of his Majesty mourned. ?
His Majesty came to direct the ships in person in all their
number. His Majesty commanded his soldiers: Forward to it!
Scale the walls, enter the houses upon the bank of the stream.
If one of you enters upon the wall there will be no stand
against him [for a moment], the levies [? ] will not bar you.
Moreover, it is feeble that we should shut up the South Country,
moor at the North land, and sit still at the Balance of the two
lands. )3
Then Mennefer was captured as by a flood of water; men
were slain within it in great numbers, and were taken as pris-
oners to the place where his Majesty was.
[In Memphis Piankhy sacrifices. The neighboring garrisons flee; three North-
ern chiefs and all the nomarchs submit in person; the treasures of Mem-
phis are confiscated. ]
When the [land lightened] and the second day came, his
Majesty caused men to go to it to protect the temples of God
for him, to guard the sanctuary of the gods from the profane,
.
1 The boats were floating on a level with the top of the quay.
? I. e. , no single one of the assailants was injured in the slightest degree.
3 Meaning of course at the boundary between Upper and Lower Egypt. ”
* By waving the wand of sanctification therein.
## p. 5289 (#461) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5289
to sacrifice to the royal circle of gods of Hetkaptah,' to purify
Mennefer with natron and incense, to put the priests on the
place of their feet. ? His Majesty proceeded to the house of
[Ptah]; his purification was performed in the Chamber of Early
Morning, and all the things prescribed for a king were accom-
plished. He entered the temple, great offerings were made to
his father Ptahresanbef, of fat bulls, oxen, and fowl, and every
good thing. His Majesty proceeded to his house.
Then all the villages that were in the region of Mennefer
heard, namely, Hery the city, Penynaauaa, the tower of Byu,
and the oasis of By; they opened their gates, they fled in flight;
one knoweth not the place to which they went.
Came Auapeth with the chief of the Me, Akaneshu, with the
erpa Pediast, with all the nomarchs of the North land, bearing
their tribute, to see the beauties of his Majesty.
Then were assigned the treasuries and the granaries of Men-
nefer, and made into the second offerings of Amen, of Ptah, of
the circle of the gods in Hetkaptah.
(Piankhy crosses over to Babylon, and worships there. )
When the land lightened and the second day came his
Majesty proceeded to the East, and made a purification to Tum
in Kheraha,' [and to] the circle of the gods in the house of the
circle of the gods; namely, the cave in which the gods are, con-
sisting of fat bulls, oxen, and fowls, that they might give Life,
Prosperity, and Health to the King Piankhy, living forever.
[He proceeds along the Sacred Way to Heliopolis, visiting the holy places,
and enters the sanctuary of Tum in Heliopolis, etc. King Usorkon
submits. ]
His Majesty proceeded to Anue on that mount of Kheraha,
upon the road of the god Sep, to Kheraha. His Majesty pro-
i The sacred name of Memphis, supposed to be the origin of the name
"Αιγυπτος - «Egypt. ”
? I. e. , to re-establish the order of the temple services, etc.
3 A chamber set apart for the sacred toilet; see also below, p. 5290.
* Or «very early. ”
5 Kheraha was on the site of old Cairo, known to the classical authors as
Babylon. The cave mentioned is not now known.
6 On, Heliopolis. Here was a sacred well of water (“The Cool Pool »),
supposed to spring from Nu, the primeval waters in heaven and earth, and
not to be derived from Hapi or the Nile. Tradition relates that it was at
this same well, still pointed out at Matariyeh, that the Blessed Virgin washed
the Child on her arrival in Egypt.
## p. 5290 (#462) ###########################################
5290
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
ceeded to the camp which was on the west of the Atiu canal; he
was purified in the midst of the Cool Pool, his face was washed
in the stream of Nu, in which Ra washes his face. He pro-
ceeded to the sand-hill in Anu, he made a great sacrifice on the
sand-hill in Anu, before the face of Ra at his rising, consisting
of white bulls, milk, frankincense, incense, all woods sweet-
smelling. He came, proceeding to the house of Ra; he entered
the temple with rejoicings. The chief lector praised the god
that warded off miscreants from the King. The rites of the
Chamber of Early Morning were performed, the cloak was put
on, he was purified with incense and cold water, flowers for the
Het Benben? were brought to him. He took the flowers, he
ascended the staircase to the great window, to see Ra in the Het
Benben. The King himself stood alone, he put the key into the
bolt, he opened the double doors, and saw his father Ra in the
Het Benben. He sanctified the Madet boat of Ra, the Sektet
boat of Tum. ” The doors were shut, clay was applied and
sealed with the King's own seal; and the priests were charged,
“I, I have examined the seal; let none other enter therein of all
the kings who shall exist. "
Then they cast themselves on their bellies before his Maj-
esty, saying, Unto eternity, Horus loving Anu shall not be
destroyed. ” Returning thence, he entered the house of Tum,
and followed the image of his father Tum Khepera, chief of
Anu.
Came the King Usorkon to see the beauties of his Majesty.
(Piankhy goes to the vicinity of Athribis and receives the homage of all
the Northern princes and nobles.
Pediast of Athribis invites him to
his city. ]
When the land lightened on the second day, his Majesty
went to the quay, and the best of his ships crossed over to
the quay of Kakem. The camp of his Majesty was pitched on
the south of Kaheni, on the east of Kakem. These kings and
1 Or «mishaps. ” This seems to have been a sort of Te Deum.
2 The Benben was a pyramidal stone, sacred to Ra or representing him.
It was shaped like the top of an obelisk.
3 The boats in which the Sun god traversed the heavens during forenoon
and afternoon respectively.
* 1. e. , the King.
5 Or «very early. ”
6 Athribis.
## p. 5291 (#463) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5291
nomarchs of the North land, all the chiefs who wore the feather,
every vizier, all the chiefs, every royal acquaintance in the West
and in the East, and in the islands in the midst, came to see the
beauties of his Majesty. The erpa Pediast threw himself on his
belly before his Majesty, and said: “Come to Kakem, that thou
mayest see the god Khentkhety; that thou mayest khu [? ] the
goddess Khuyt; that thou mayest offer sacrifices to Horus in his
house, consisting of fat bulls, oxen, fowls; that thou mayest
enter my house, open my treasury, and load thyself with the
things of my father. I will give thee gold unto the limits of thy
desire, malachite heaped before thy face, horses many of the best
of the stable, the leaders of the stall. ”
[Piankhy goes to Athribis and worships the local god. Pediast sets the ex-
ample of giving up his goods without concealment. ]
Proceeded his Majesty to the house of Horus Khentkhety,
and caused to be offered fat bulls, oxen, ducks, fowl to his father
Horus Khentkhety, lord of Kemur. Proceeded his Majesty to
the house of the erpa Pediast; he presented him with silver,
gold, lapis lazuli, malachite, a great collection of every kind of
thing, and stuffs, and royal linen in every count, couches covered
with fine linen, frankincense, and unguents in jars, stallions and
mares of the leaders of his stable. He [Pediast] cleared himself
by the life of Gods before the face of these kings and great chiefs
of the North land:-“Each one of them that hides his horses,
that conceals his goods, let him die the death of his father.
Thus may it be done to me, whether ye acquit thy humble ser-
vant in all things that ye knew of concerning me, or whether ye
say I have hidden from his Majesty anything of my father, gold,
jewelry, with minerals and ornaments of all kinds, bracelets for
the arms, collars for the neck, pendants [? ] inlaid with minerals,
amulets for every limb, chaplets for the head, rings for the ears,
all the apparel of a king, every vessel of royal purification in
gold, and every sort of mineral; all these things I have offered
1 The land was divided among kings, nomarchs, and, apparently, Libyan
chiefs entitled to wear a feather. The kings had their viziers; the nom-
archs and chiefs bad their subordinate chiefs, etc. “Royal acquaintances »
were persons related to the royal families.
? 1. e. , the linen was of various degrees of fineness, or as we also say
technically, of various counts »; meaning that there are so many threads
more or less in any given square of stuff.
3 An oath.
## p. 5292 (#464) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5292
So.
1
1
before the king, stuffs and clothes in thousands of all the best of
my looms. I know by what thou wilt be appeased. Go to the
stable, choose thou what thou wilt of all the horses that thou
desirest. ” Then his Majesty did so.
[The princes of Lower Egypt return to their cities to fetch further tribute.
A revolt at Mesed is promptly suppressed and the city given as a re-
ward to Pediast. )
Said these kings and nomarchs before his Majesty, “Let us
go to our cities, let us open our treasuries, let us select accord-
ing to the desire of thy heart, let us bring to thee the best of
our stables, the chief of our horses. ” Then his Majesty did even
List of their names :
The King Usorkon in Per Bast and the territory of Ranefer;
The King Auapeth in Tentremu and Taanta [? ];
The nomarch Zedamenafankh in Mendes and the Granary
of Ra;
His son and heir, the captain of the host in Hermopolis
Parva, Ankhhor;
The nomarch Akanesh in Thebneter, in Perhebyt, and in
Smabehed;
The nomarch and chief of the Me, Pathenf in Per-Sepd and
in the Granary of Anbuhez;
The nomarch and chief of the Me, Pamai in Busiris;
The nomarch and chief of the Me, Nesnakedy in Heseb-ka;
The nomarch and chief of the Me, Nekhthornashenut in Per-
gerer;1
The chief of the Me, Pentuart;
The chief of the Me, Pentabekhent;
The priest of Horus, lord of Letopolis, Pedihorsmataui;
The nomarch Hurobasa in the house of Sekhemt mistress of
Sa, and the house of Sekhemt mistress of Rohesaut;
The nomarch Zedkhiau in Khentnefer;
The nomarch Pabas in Kheraha and the house of Hapi.
With all their good tribute [consisting of] gold, silver, [lapis
lazuli], maſlachite), [couches] covered with fine linen, frankin-
cense in jars, [and all things that pertain to a man great] in
wealth, rich in horses.
1 First we have two kings, six nomarchs and high Libyan chiefs; after
these, two under-chiefs are mentioned, and then four nomarchs in the first
and second nomes of Lower Egypt, which are separated as having belonged
to Tafnekht's kingdom.
## p. 5293 (#465) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5293
one
.
[After] these things came to say to his Majesty:
[“Whereas the nomarch and captain of the] host [
hath
thrown down] the wall (of
and] set fire to his treasury,
[and Aed away] upon the river, he hath fortified Mesed' with
soldiers, and hath
Then his Majesty caused his warriors to go to see what took
place therein, as an ally of the erpa Pediast. One came to report
to his Majesty saying, “We have slain all the people that we found
there. ” His Majesty gave it as a present to the erpa Pediast.
[Lastly, Tafnekht begs for mercy: ambassadors receive his presents and sub-
mission to the King, and he is pardoned. ]
Then the chief of the Me, Tafnekht, heard it;? he caused a
messenger to go to the place where his Majesty was, begging his
mercy, saying:—“Be gracious! I have not seen thy face in the
days of shåme; I cannot stand before thy flame; I am terrified
at thy awe. Behold, thou art Nubti in the Land of the South,
Mentu, the mighty bull. In all these matters to which thou hast
given thy attention thou hast not found thy humble servant
until I reached the island of the sea. I am afraid of thy mighty
spirit according to that saying, “The flame is my enemy. Doth
not the heart of thy Majesty cool with these things that thou
hast done unto me? Verily I am in misery. I am not smitten
according to the account of the wickedness. Having weighed
with the balance, having reckoned by the ounce, thou multipliest
it unto me thrice; having carried away the seed, thou sweepest up
[the remnant) at the same time. Do not cut down the grove
to its root. As thy Ka endureth, thy terror is in my body, thy
fear in my bones; I have not sat in the room of carousal,” the
harp hath not been brought to me. Behold, I eat the bread of
hunger, I drink water in thirst, since the day that thou learnedst
my name. Pain is in my bones, my head is unshaven, my
clothes in rags, in order that Neith may be made gracious unto
me. Long is the course that thou hast brought to me; turn thy
1 Site unknown.
2 Tafnekht was on an island in the Mediterranean, and therefore heard
the news of the surrender of the Northern princes only after some time bad
elapsed.
3 Nubti=Set, the god of valor. Mentu was the god of battle.
* « Kedt-weight,” really 140 grains.
5 Lit. , «beer-room. ”
## p. 5294 (#466) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5294
now.
face unto me A year hath cleansed my Ka and purified
thy servant from his wickedness. Let my goods be taken to the
Treasury, consisting of gold with every sort of mineral, and the
best of the horses accoutred with everything. Let a messenger
come to me in haste, that he may drive fear from my heart.
Let me go out to the temple in his sight, let me clear myself
with an oath by God. ”
His Majesty caused to go the Chief Lector Pediamennestaui,
and the captain of the host Puarma. He [Tafnekht] presented
him [Piankhy] with silver, gold, stuffs, every valuable mineral.
He went out to the temple, he praised God, he cleared him-
self with an oath by God, saying: "I will not transgress the
command of the King. I will not reject the words of his
Majesty; I will not sin against a nomarch without thy knowledge;
I will act according to the words of the King; I will not trans-
gress what he hath commanded. ” Then his Majesty was satisfied
therewith.
[Crocodilopolis and Aphroditopolis having submitted, the whole country is at
the feet of the conqueror, who loads his ships with the tribute and de-
parts homeward. ]
One came to say to his Majesty: "The temple of Sebek, they
have opened its fort, Metnu hath cast itself upon its belly, there
is not a nome that is shut against his Majesty in the nomes
of the South, North, West, or East. The islands in the midst
are upon their bellies with fear of him, and are causing their
goods to be brought to the place where his Majesty is, like the
serfs of the palace. "
When the land lightened, very early? came these two rulers
of the South and two rulers of the North, wearing uræi, to
smell the ground to the mighty spirit of his Majesty. Behold,
moreover, these kings and nomarchs of the North land came to
see the beauties of his Majesty; their feet were as the feet of
women, they entered not to the King's house, for that they were
impure and eaters of fishes, which is an abomination to the
King's house. Behold, the King Nemart, he entered to the King's
palace, for that he was pure, he ate not fishes. They stood upon
their feet, but the one of them entered the palace.
1 Or on the second day. ”
2 As symbols of regal power.
Perhaps this means ceremonially unclean.
3
## p. 5295 (#467) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5295
Then the ships were loaded with silver, gold, bronze, stuffs,
all things of the North land, all products of Kharu, all woods of
the Divine Land.
His Majesty went up-stream, his heart enlarged, all about him
were rejoicing; West and East, they rose high, rejoicing around
his Majesty, singing and rejoicing; they said:-“O mighty King!
O mighty King! Piankhy!
Piankhy! O mighty King!
O mighty King! Thou hast come,
thou hast ruled the North land. Thou makest bulls into women.
Happy is the heart of the mother that bore a male child, that
was impregnated with thee amongst the mountains. Praises be
given unto her! the cow that hath borne a bull! Thou shalt be
to eternity, thy victory remaineth, O Ruler, loving Thebes. "
Translation of F. Ll. Griffith.
INSCRIPTION OF UNA
[It is interesting to compare the inscription of Piankhy with an example
of the historical texts of the Old Kingdom. Only two are known of any con-
siderable length, and the following is one of them. The biographical inscrip-
tion of Una, administrator of Upper Egypt, takes one back to 3000 B. C. ,
when almost the only great monuments in Egypt were the pyramids, to the
number of which each successive king added.
The inscription was found on a slab in the great cemetery of Abydos, and
is now in the Gizeh Museum. The style is somewhat arid, but attracts by its
primitive and simple character. ]
[Una's youth under King Teta, founder of the Vith Dynasty. ]
[Una saith] I was tying the girdle,' under the majesty of
Teta. My grade was that of superintendent of stores, and I
acted as overseer of the garden of Pharaoh.
[Una appointed pyramid priest and then judge by Pepy I. He assists at
trials in the royal harîm. ]
[I was] chief of the debat [? ] city
under the maj-
esty of Pepy: his Majesty put me into the position of royal
friend and superintendent of the priests of his pyramid city. ”
i The first words are lost. The girdle was probably assumed at about
the age of twelve.
? As a rule, each king seems to have built his pyramid in the desert behind
his principal residence. The latter was often founded by the king, but might
serve for some of his successors, who would then build their pyramids near
his. The pyramid field of Memphis is very ancient, and many of the earlier
kings must have resided there; but curiously enough the name Mennefer,
Memphis, is taken from that of the pyramid of Pepy I. , here referred to.
## p. 5296 (#468) ###########################################
5296
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
Behold I was
and his Majesty appointed me judge,
and his heart was satisfied with me more than with any of his
servants: I heard cases alone with the chief justice and vizier in
every secret proceeding [of the palace ? ]
in the name
of the King, of the royal harîm and of the six great houses,'
because the King's heart was satisfied with me more than with
any of his officers, of his nobles, or of his servants.
(Royal present of a sarcophagus, etc. , from the limestone quarries of Turra. }
[Command was given] by the Majesty of my lord to bring
for me a sarcophagus of white stone from Ra-au, and his Maj-
esty caused the divine treasurer to cross over [the river) with a
band (of soldiers and artificers] under him to bring for me this
sarcophagus from Ra-au. ? He returned with it in the great
transport ship of the Residence, together with its lid, and a false
door with the lintel, jambs, and foundation block: never was this
or the like done to any servant. But I was successful in the
heart of his Majesty, I was rooted in the heart of his Majesty;
and the heart of his Majesty was satisfied with me.
[Appointment as principal judge in the trial of the queen. )
Now when I was judge, his Majesty made me a sole friend
and superintendent of the garden of Pharaoh, and I instructed [? ]
four [? ] of the superintendents of Pharaoh's gardens who were
there. I acted according to his Majesty's desire in performing
the choosing of the guard [? ] and making the way of the king
and marshaling the nobles (at the court]; I acted altogether so
that his Majesty praised me for it more than anything.
When an accusation was brought in the royal harîm against
the chief royal wife Aamtesi as a a secret affair, his Majesty
caused me to enter to it and hear the case alone, without there
being any chief justice and vizier, or any officer there but me
only, on account of my success and rooting in the heart of his
Majesty and of his heart being satisfied with me.
[the report] in writing, alone with one judge. Behold, my office
I drew up
"Perhaps schools of law, etc.
? These quarries, at the modern Turra, have been the source of fine white
limestone down to the present day. They were exactly opposite Memphis in
the eastern hills.
3 Probably this means the arrangement of a body-guard or performance of
the ritual for the King's amuletic and religious protection.
## p. 5297 (#469) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5297
was that of superintendent of Pharaoh's garden: never before
did one of my grade hear a secret process of the royal harim;
but his Majesty caused me to hear it, because of my success in
the heart of his Majesty above any officer and any noble and any
servant of his.
[Una commander-in-chief of all the native and foreign forces in an expedition
against the Eastern Bedawîn. ]
When his Majesty chastised the Aamu-Herusha' and his Maj-
esty made an army of many tens of thousands out of the whole
of the Upper Country, from Abu? in the south to Aphroditopo-
lis [? ] in the north, and out of the Lower Country, from the
whole of the two sides,s out of Sezer and Khen-sezeru,“ negroes
from Arertet,» negroes from Meza, negroes from Aam, negroes
from Wawat, negroes from Kaau, and foreigners from the land
of Temehº; his Majesty sent me at the head of this host.
Behold, even the ha-princes, even the royal chancellors, even
the royal friends of the court, even the nomarchs and governors
of fortresses of the Upper Country and the Lower Country, the
royal friends superintending the frontier, the superintendents of
priests of the Upper and Lower Countries, and the superin-
tendents of domain lands, in command of the contingents from
the Upper and Lower Countries, and from the fortresses [? ] and
cities that they ruled, and of the negroes of these tribes — I it
was who planned their procedure, although my grade was that
of superintendent of the garden of Pharaoh, on account of the
preciseness of my disposition: in such a way that no one of them
encroached on any of his fellows, that no one of them took bread
or sandals from the wayfarer, that no one of them stole dough
from any village, and that no one of them took a goat from any
people. I directed them to the Island of the North, the Gate of
1 « The Asiatics who dwell upon the sand - i. e. , Bedawîn.
2 Elephantine.
3 The Eastern and Western borders of Lower Egypt.
* These names probably mean the halting-station for the night,” and “the
bedchamber of halting-station for the night »; evidently garrisoned posts on
the main desert routes.
• Arertet, Meza, Aam, Wawat, Kaau, were all in Nubia, and at no great dis-
tance from Egypt. The Meza were afterwards regularly drawn upon for
soldiers and police. The Kaau are more generally called Setu.
6 1. e. , the land of the Libyans.
IX-332
## p. 5298 (#470) ###########################################
5298
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
I-hetep, the Uart [? ] of Horus Lord' of Truth. And behold,
although I was of this grade
I reviewed the number of
these troops which had never been reviewed by any servant.
This host returned in peace: it had harried the land of the Her-
usha;
this host returned in peace: it had trampled on the land of the
Herusha;
this host returned in peace: it had overthrown its inclosures.
this host returned in peace: it had cut down its figs and vines.
this host returned in peace: it had set fire to all its (camps ? ];
this host returned in peace: it had slain the troops in it in many
tens of thousands;
this host returned in peace: it had (carried off people] from it,
very numerous, as prisoners alive:
and his Majesty praised me for it more than anything.
His Majesty sent me to direct [this] host five times, and to
smite the land of the Herusha at each of the revolts with these
troops, and I acted so that his Majesty praised me for it more
than anything. And when it was reported that there were war-
riors of this tribe in the Wild-Goat's Nose, I crossed over in
boats with these troops, and landed on the coast of Thest, on
the north of the land of the Herusha: and behold, when this
host had marched by land, I came and smote them all down,
and slew every warrior of them.
[Una made governor of the whole of Upper Egypt by the next king,
Merenra Mehti-em-saf. ]
I was carrier of the chair and sandals at the court, and the
king Merenra my lord, who lives (for ever], appointed me ha-
prince, governor of the Upper Country, from Abu in the south
to Aphroditopolis [? ] in the north, because of my success in the
heart of his Majesty, and my rooting in the heart of his
Majesty, and because the heart of his Majesty was satisfied (with
me]. And while I was carrier of the chair and sandals, his
Majesty praised me for my watchfulness and body-guardianship
which I displayed in ushering in nobles [? ], which exceeded that
of any officer, noble, or servant of his. Never before was this
function discharged by any servant.
1 «Horus Lord of Truth ) was the Ka name of King Sneferu (the first king
of the IVth Dynasty, not much less than 4000 B. C. ]. Probably this expedition
went toward the Sinaitic peninsula.
2 Sea-coast, perhaps of the Red Sea.
## p. 5299 (#471) ###########################################
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
5299
I performed for him the office of governor of the Upper
Country to satisfaction, so that no one there encroached upon
his fellow for any work: I paid [? ] everything that is paid to the
Residence from this Upper Country twice over, and every hour's
service that is given to the palace in this Upper Country twice
over; and discharged my office in such a way that it established
a standard of duty' in this Upper Country. Never was the like
done in this Upper Country before. I acted altogether so that
his Majesty praised me for it.
(Una commissioned to obtain monuments for Merenra's pyramid from
Abhat, and granite from the region of Elephantine.
