No More Learning



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Chapter V
483
(2) Their Development in French Literature.
Cf. Testament de Monseigneur des Barres, 1488; Sensuyt le Testament
de Taste Vin, Roy des Pions, C. 1488 (a goliardio extravagance from which
Danbar drew some traits for the Testament of Mr Andro Kennedy); Le
Grant Testament de Villon et le petit, 1489; Le Testament D’Anthoine de
Leve, translate dytalien en langue francoyse, 1536 (? ) (Brunet); À lampoon
on Antonio de Leyva, in which, amongst other burlesque bequests, he
leaves his ulcers 'aux Millanoys, Lucquoys et Pietmontoys,' similar in spirit
to the Testament of the Earl of Pembroke, 1650, and the Testament of the
Marquis of Argyle, 1661 (? ); Le Testament de Martin Leuter, n. d. ; Le testa-
ment fin Rubin de Turquie, maigre Marchand eontrefaisant sotie . . . n. d. ; Le
Testament de Henri de Valoys, recommandé à son amy Jean d'Espernon,
avec un coq-a-l’asne, 1589; Testament de l'Union, attached to the Satyre
Ménippée (ed. 1594) in which the Sainte Union suffering from mortal sick-
ness makes a testament in the spirit of the Wyll of the Deayll; Le
Bragardissime et joyeux Testament de la Bière, 1611, dedicated to drunkards
in view of the feastings of the Carême. Testament de Bachus trouvé au
cabinet d'un des plus fameux poëte (sic) de ce temps, 1649.
Vide Peignot, G. Testamens anciens et modernes. Dijon, 1829.
(3) Scotch and English Testaments.
Colyn blowbols Tesiament. MS Rawlinson, C. 86 fol. 106 (Bodl. ). Re-ed.
Halliwell, J. O. , Nagae Poeticae, 1844; and Hazlitt, W. C. , Early Popular
Poetry, vol. I, 1864. The tract recalls the goliardic drinking songs.
Heresye's Testament. Mentioned in the W yll of the Devyll but not else-
where found; probably suppressed.
Hunting of the Hare with her last Wyll and Testament (a ballad), The. Ptd
by Coles, F. , Vere, T. and Wright, J. (Bodl. ).
Jyl of Brentford's (or Breyntfords) Testament, by Copland, R. , n. d. Re-ed.
Furnivall, F. J. , 1871.
Last will and testament of Doctors Commons, The. n. p. 1641.
Last Will and Testament of Philip Herbert . . . vulgarly called Earl of
Pembroke and Montgomery, who died of Foole-age. Jan. 28th, 1650.
Nodnol. 1650.
Last Will and Testament, with his character, The Marquis of Argyle's. 1661 (? ).
Both these are political lampoons of the type of Antoine de Leve.
Passion of the Fox, The. W. de Worde, 1530. Re-ed. W. C. Hazlitt in
Fugitive Poetical Tracts, vol. 1, 1875. Composed by a chantry priest at
Mere, who, losing a pet fox, is carried away in a dream to the
mountain of sleep, where Morpheus tells him how his favourite strayed
from home and was hunted and killed. The priest is shown a roll in
which the fox's testament is written, the animal, after the manner of
Grunnius Corocotta, bequeathing the parts of his body with poetic and
satiric discrimination : his eyes to the blind, his ears to the deaf,
My obedyens to every good wyfe
My fast holdynge to hym that wyll make stryfe,
My lepes and skyppes of great quycknes
I gyve to servauntes in theyr busynes.
Testament of the Hawthorne, The Second ed. of Totteľ's Miscellany, 1557.
Wyl Bucke his Testament. Copland, W. , c. 1550. Re-ed. by Haslewood, J. ,
Chiswick Press, 1827, and Halliwell, J. O. , Contributions to the Literature
of the 16th and 17th cents. , 1851. The buck, when dying, bequeaths
the portions of his body to different departments of the kitchen service.
31-2


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484
Bibliography
Wyll of the Devyll, The Powell, H. , n. d. Rptd at close of 16th cent. by
Jones, R. , who added the Devil's 'x detestable commandements. Re-ed.
in J. P. Collier's Illustrations of Early English Popular Literature,
1862-3, vol. I, and Furnivall, F. J. , 1871, with Jūl of Breyntford's Testa-
ment. Besides the Krankheit der Messe, the tract is similar to the
Testament D'Antoine de Love and perhaps suggested the Testament de
l'Union. It borrows an episode from Arlotto's Facetie (1520).
Cf. also Henryson's Testament of Cresseid, Dunbar's Testament of
Mr Andro Kennedy, Lyndsay's Testament and Complaynt of our Soverane
Lordis Papyngo and Gascoigne’s Dan Bartholmew of Bath.
Orders and Fraternities.
A new Ballad against Unthrifts. Ptd by John Alde. This ballad, besides
enumerating different forms of extravagance which end in ruin, contains
a direct allusion to the figure of a 'bote,' in the stanza suggestive of the
beggar books:
Then some to Newgate doo take ship,
Sailing ful fast up Holborne Hil,
And at Tiborn their anckers picke,
Ful sore indeed against their wil.
XX Orders of Callettes or Drabbys. Alex. Lacye. 1562-3.
XX Orders of Fooles. H. Kyrham. 1569-70.
XXV Orders of Fooles. Registered 1569, ptd by Alex. Lacie. Rptd
J. Lilly, Black-Letter Ballads and Broadsides, 1870.
XXV Orders of Knaves : otherwyse called a quartern of Knaves, confirmed
for ever by Cock Lorell. Ptd by Awdeley, with the Fraternitye of
Vacabones, 1565. Rptd by Viles, E. and Furnivall, F. J. , Shakespeare
Lib. , 1907.
Who liveth so merry in all this land ? Registered 1557-8. Rptd in Wit and
Drollery, (X) Jovial Poems, 1661, 1682, p. 252; Wit and Mirth or Pills
to purge Melancholy, vol. 1 (1698 and 1707); Chappell, W. , Popular
Music of the Olden Time, 1855-9, vol. I, p. 81.
(1) French Dances of Death.
La dāse macabre. Guy Marchant. 1485. Danse macabre des femmes et le
debat du corps et de lame. Guyot Marchant. 1486. Cy est la nouvelle
danse macabre des hommes dicte miroer salutaire de toutes gens. Gayot
Marchant. 1490. A large number of adaptations and imitations followed
these during the 16th cent.
Authorities :
Bibliophile Jacob (Lacroix, P. ). Danse macabre histoire fantastique do
XV° siècle. Paris. 1832.
Langlois, E. H. Essai sur les Danses des Morts. Rouen. 1852.
Peignot, E. G. Recherches sur les Danses des Morts. Dijon. 1826.
(2) English Dances of Death.
The Shaking of the Sheets or the Dance of Death. MS copy, B. M. (Add.
MSS. No. 15,225) in which it is ascribed to Thomas Hill. Entered at
Stationers' Hall 1568-9 to Awdeley. (Vide J. P. Collier's extracts from
Registers of Stationers' company (1557–70), 1848, vol. 1, p. 195. ) Rptd
by Chappell, W. , Popular Music of the Olden Time, 1855-9, vol. 1, p. 85.
[Illustrated ballads concerning dances and songs of death are described
in A Coll. of 79 Black Letter Ballads and Broadsides, 1559-97, Joseph Lilly,
1867. ]


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Chapter V V
485
6
Authorities.
Disraeli, I. Curiosities of Literature: History of the Skeleton of Death.
1791-1834 ff.
Douce, F. Dance of Death . . . with a dissertation on the several repre-
sentations of that subject. 1833.
Massmann, H. -F. Literatur der Todtentäntze. Leipzig. 1840.
Wright, T.
History of Caricature and Grotesque. 1865. Chap. XIII.
SATIRES ON WOMEN.
(1) Medieval Origins.
Contempt for female character is primarily monastic. Influence of the East
is also unmistakable (cf. the position of women in the Arabian Nights).
A MS of the 13th cent. describes them, amongst other things, as
necessarium malum, naturalis temptatio, desiderabilis calamitas, domesti-
cum periculum, delectabile detrimentum. The scholastic jongleurs
adopted the same view though in a different spirit (Wright, T. , History
of Caricature and Grotesque, chap. x) especially in Golias de conjuge
non ducenda, which was translated into French at beginning of 14th
cent. (MS Harl, 2253, fol. 117, r), into English in 15th cent. (MS
Digby, 181, fol. 7) and, in 16th cent. , as The Payne and Sorowe of
Evyll Maryage, by W. de Worde, n. d. (vide Percy Soc. III, 1840).
Compare MS Harl. of reign of Edward II (Reliquiae Antiquae, 1841,
vol. 11, p. 218) and a Lambeth M8 of 15th cent. (Rel. Antiq. II, p. 248).
Authorities:
Dyer, T. F. T. Folk-Lore of Women as illustrated by legendary and
traditional tales, folk-rhymes, proverbial sayings and superstitions. 1905.
Wright, T. Latin Poems commonly attributed to Walter Mapes. Camden
Soc. 1841.
(2) French Satires of the 15th Cent.
Cf. the several Complaints and Doctrinals, des nouveaulx marioz, etc.
Les Quinze Joyes de Mariage attibuted by Pottier (1830) to Antoine de la
Sale. Earliest known MS at Rouen with date 1464. Earliest printed
ed. about 1480-90 (Brunet). The popularity of the tract is proved by
allusions in Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles, Sylva Nuptialis and Rabelais.
Dekker's Bachelor's Banquet, 1603, is founded on it. As late as 1721
we find The Fifteen Comforts of Matrimony . . . wherein the various
miscarriages of the Wedded State . . . are laid open.
Authorities :
See the two useful collections of French facetiae and satires of 15th cent. :
Le Débat de deux demoyselles, etc. , Paris, 1825; Les Joyeusetez,
faceties. . . de Caresme Prenant, etc. (ed. by Martin, L. A. ), Paris,
1829-34.
(3) Disquisitions of the 16th Cent.
Riessinger, Félix. Secuntur Tractaculi sive opusculi de lande mulierum, de
fraude earundem neo non regmatizandi arte. Naples, 1471-9 (? ).
Barclay, Ship of Fools (1509), has a chapter of the yre immoderate, the
wrath and great lewdness of wymen. Jodocus Badius added to his
Latin version of the Narrenschiff a supplement Stultiferae naviculae
seu scaphae fatuarum mulierum, the women being divided into five barges
as their folly finds expression by the sight, hearing, smell, taste or touch.
Cf. also Paulus Olearius, De Fide Concubinarum in Sacerdotes, 1500;
Henricus Bebelius, Triumphus Veneris, 1515; Nevizan, Sylva Nuptialis,
1521; Jehan Bouchet, Les triumphes de la noble et amoureuse dame et l'art


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486
Bibliography
de honnestement aymer, composé par le Traversear des voyes, 1539; Myles
Coverdale, Christen State of Matrymonye, wherein housbandes and wyfes
maye lerne to kepe house together with love, 1543.
(4) English Popular Satires on Women.
(Those previous to 16th cent. are noticed in vol. II. )
Complaynt of them that be to soone maryed. W. de Worde, 1535. See
Percy Soc. III, 1840.
Complaynt of them that ben to late maryed. W. de Worde, n. d. Re-ed.
by Collier, J. P. , Illus. of Early English Popular Literature, 1st
series, 1862-3.
Payne and Sorowe of Evyll Maryage, The. W. de Worde, n. d. Percy
Soc. III.
1840.
Spectacle of lovers, The, a lytell contravers dyalogue bytwene love and
councell, with many goodly argumentes of good women and bad . . . by
Wyllyam Walter. W. de Worde, n. d.
(5) Popular Controversies and Essays on Women.
Schole-howse of Women, The. Wyer, R. , n. d. Rptd by King, J. , 1560,
and Alde, J. , 1572. (Vide Herbert's Ames, fol. 375; Dibdin, III, 181. )
Re-ed. by Hazlitt, W. C. , Early Eng. Pop. Poetry, vol. iv, p. 97.
(Tract borrows freely from A C. Mery Talys, LXII and LxIv. )
Prayse of all Women, The, called Mulierun Paean by Gosynhyll, E. 1541.
Defence of Good Women, The, by Elyot, Sir T. Berthelet, 1545.
A lytle and bryefe treatyse called the defence of Women and especially
of Englyshe women, made agaynste the Schole-howse of Women, by
More, E. Kyng, J. , 1557. A reprint or supplement. Tysdayle, J. ,
1562-3. Re-ed. by Utterson, Select Pieces Early Pop. Poetry, 1817.
The hundreth poyntes of good husserye (huswifrye ? ). Daye, 1557-8. (Pro-
bably An hundreth poyntes of evell haswrifrye, Allde, J. , 1565-6, is a
parody of it. )
The defence agaynst them that commonly defame women. Allde, J. 1560.
(A 'ballett. )
A Defence for Mylke Maydes. Gryffyth, W. , 1563-4.
The prayse and dysprayse of women. Entered by Serlle, R. , 1563-4, but
printed by How with name of author, C. Pyrrye, on title-page. n. d.
A balett intituled the frutes of love and falsehood of Women. Allde, J. ,
1567-8. The deceate of Women. Allde, J. , 1568-9. (Perhaps a reprint. )
A new balet, entituled howe to Wyve well, by Lewys Evans. Printed by
Rogers, O. , n. d. (Soc. of Antiq. )
This form of the controversy continued till the 18th cent. , e. g. Love given
over, or, a Satyr against the Pride, Lust and Inconstancy, etc. , of Women,
with Sylvia's Revenge, or, a Satyr against Man, in answer to the Satyr
against Woman. 1710.
Cf. In Prays of Woman and Ballate aganis Evill Women, in Dunbar's
Poems.
(6) English Satirical Portraiture of Women.
[Cf. Skelton's Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng and Dunbar's Tua Mariit
Wemen and the Wedo. ]
Boke of Mayd Emlyn, The. John Skot, n. d. Re-ed. by Rimbault, E. F.
,
in Anc. Poet. Tracts, Percy Soc. xxvII, 1842, and by Hazlitt, W. C. ,
Early English Pop. Poetry, vol. iv, p. 81.
[For other allusions to the wife of five successive husbands, vide
Wife of Bath's Prologue and A C. Mery Talys, viii and ix. ]


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