; Saracens
expelled
from,
387 sq.
387 sq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v2 - Rise of the Saracens and Foundation of the Western Empire
, 42; religious persecution in 44:
revival of Monophysitism in, 46; 50:
156, 263; Turks in the west of 253:
flight of Maurice to, 282; 283 sqq. ; 232:
Slav raids in, 296; Sahrbarāz in. 239:
330; Arab ion in, ch. xi passis.
365; 377; the Shi'ites in, 379; 331,394
413, 417,429,433, 462
Asia Minor, 46; the Persians in. 290;
Heraclius recovers, 293; 294, 329, 353.
379; Arabs in, 393, 412; 395 sq. ; Sists
settled in, 406; 407,410,437 note, 439,45.
Asnäm, Berbers defeated at, 377
Aspidius, King of Aregenses, 167
Assanam (Assuagin), Roderick said to have
taken refuge at, 185 note
Assyria, 298
Assyrians, 437 note
Asterius, Archbishop of Milan, consecrates
Birinus, 525
Asti, defeat of Frankish army near, 205
Asti, Duke of. See Gundoald
Astorga, resists Leovigild's attack, 165
Asturians, the, in insurrection, 167
Asturias, province, 166, 190; Christian
kingdom of, conquered by Charles the
Great, 604
Athalaric, grandson of Theodorie, king ºf
the Ostrogoths in Italy, 10; death, 14;
161, 643
Athanagild, King of Visigoths in Spain.
helped by Justinian, 19, 163; marriages
of daughters to Frankish kings, liº:
made king, 163; at war with Byzantines.
164; prosperous rule, ib. ; death, ii. .
165, 259; brought up at Constantinople
260, 283
Athanasius, St, Bishop of Alexandria, cited.
498, 500; 688
Athanasius, Patriarch, and the religious
controversy, 398
Athanasius, patrician, 291; ambassador tº
the Avars, 295
## p. 829 (#861) ############################################
Indea:
829
Athelocus, Arian Bishop of Narbonne, con-
spires against Recared, 172
Athens, university closed, 44, 236
Athraelon, meeting of Persian and Roman
envoys at, 274
Atlantic Ocean, the, boundary of Visigothic
kingdom, 159; 166, 369, 459, 615, 685
Atlas Mts, 369
Atropatene, ceded, 406
Atrpatakan, ravaged by
Heraclius in, 298
Attewall (? Ad Murum), Sigebert and Peada
baptised at, 529
Attigny, Widukind baptised at, 612
Attila, King of the Huns, 435
Atzuppius, father of Pope Leo III, 703
Auch, diocese of, included in Frankish
kingdom, 160
Auchindavy, inscription at, 476
Aud, 494
Audoin, King of the Lombards, 195
Audovera, wife of Chilperic, executed,
120
Audus, god, 473
Augila, oasis of, 44
Augsburg, 533
Augusta, fort at, 33
Augustine, St (Aurelius Augustinus), Bishop
of Hippo, Gregory the Great studies the
works of, 237; 618; 628
Augustine, St, first Archbishop of Canter-
bury, his mission to the English, 124,
254 sq. , 496, 516, 697; consecrated,
255; 516 and note; 260; authenticity of
Epistles of, discussed, 517; his questions
addressed to the Pope, 517 sq. ; and the
British Church, 519 sq. ; his gift of
miracles, 520; death, 521; conflicting
views of character, ib. ; 528, 537, 542,
573 sq.
Augustus, C. Octavius, Emperor, 67, 73,
74 sq. , 79, 82, 105 sq. , 108, 194, 467,
706
Augustus (Augulus), legendary British saint,
498
Chazars, 297;
Aurasius, Mt, Kusaila defeated at, 369;
the Kāhina victorious at, 370
Aures Mts, revolt in, 13; 22
Aus, the, at perpetual feud with the Khazraj,
312; and the election of Abū Bakr, 333
Ausinia, goddess, 486
Ausonius, cited, 460
Aust, Augustine probably at, 519
Austerfield, synod held at, 562
Austrasia, Brunhild escapes to, 121; rule
of Brunhild in, 122 sq. ; Mayor of the
Palace for, instituted, 124; rule of Dago-
bert in, 125; 126; Wulfoald, Mayor of
the Palace in, 127; Charles Martel in,
128; conferred on Carloman, 130; 136,
138; 141, 199; Three Chapters Schism
in, 206; 256; slow decline of heathenism
in, 532; synod held in, 539; 549; be-
queathed to Charles the Great, 594 sq. ,
701; Boniface in, 698; 699, 702, 706
Austrasians, the, and Brunhild, 122 sq. ;
and Dagobert, 125; rise against Grimoald,
126; 199
Austria, 609
Autchar (Ogier), duke, envoy of Pepin to
the Pope, 583
Authari (Flavius), elected king of the
Lombards, 199; successes of, 200;
marries Theodelinda, ib. ; death, 201;
treatment of Catholics, 202
Authenticum, 62
Autonomus the Martyr, shrine of, Maurice
lands at, 282; Theodosius taken from,
284
Autun, captured by Ebroin, 127; Gregory's
reproofs to the bishop, 257 sq. ; 259
Autun, Bishops of. See Leodegar, Syagrius
Auvergne, 114, 160; Pepin conquers, 593
Auxerre, St Patrick at, 504
Auxerre, Bishop of. See Germanus
Avars, the, spread westward, 31; 34 sqq. ;
51; form alliance with the Lombards,
195, 201, 250, 268; invade Italy, 203;
flight of Perctarit to, 205; help Grimoald,
ib. ; at war with Eastern Empire, 242;
embassy of, to Justin II, 266; 267;
claim Sirmium, 268; defeat Tiberius,
269; make peace with Rome, ib. ; 273;
rise against the Empire, 275; take
Sirmium, 276; 280; many desert to
Roman army, 281 ; Phocas increases
payments to, 285; treacherously attack
Constantinople, 291 sq. ; make a treaty
with Heraclius, 292; besiege Constanti-
nople, 295 sq. ; ravages of, 296; 297,
300; make peace with the Empire, 398;
428, 432; and the Slavs, 435 sqq. ;
conquer Hungary, 436; transplant Slav
nations, 437 sqq. ; end of nation, 440;
441; in Thuringia, 442 note; 443 sqq. ;
revolt of Slovenes from, 449; 450 sqq. ,
534, 597, 602, 605; and Tassilo of
Bavaria, 607; 608; Rings of, 609; help
the Saxons, 613; acknowledge Charles
the Great, 615; 665, 667
Avenches (Aventicum), 460
Avignon, 1. 12; taken by Theodoric, 117;
retaken from Arabs, 129
Avitus, Bishop of Vienne, and Clovis, 112 ;
poetical work of, 117
Avon, River (Worcestershire), 543
Axum, 35, 41
Axumitae, 34, 271
Azov, Sea of (Palus Maeotis), Avars to the
north of, 31; 41; the Slavs on, 427 sq.
Baalbek, taken by Muslims, 344
Baanes, general, defeated, 342; proclaimed
emperor by troops, 343
Babylon in Egypt, taken by the Persians,
290; taken by the Arabs, 350 sq. ; 357
Babylonia. See ‘Iråk
Badr, battle of, 317 sq.
Baduarius, patrician, son-in-law of Justin II,
defeated by Lombards, 198; supports
## p. 830 (#862) ############################################
830
Index
accession of Justin n, 264; commands
against Lombards and Aran, 268
Baetica, partly tmder Visigothic rule, 159,
163; 168; Catholic insurrection in, 169
Bagai, 370
Bagandae. the, of Tarragona, revolt against
Alaric, 161
Bagdad, 378, 389, 592; Pepin sends am-
bassadors to, 604; 615
Bagrevand, canton of, 274
Bahila, the, tribe of Central Arabia, 334
Bahrain, 336, 348
Bahrain Cobin, governor of Media, defeats
Shaweh Shah, 279; conspires against
Ormizd, 280; supported by troops, ib. ;
pat to flight, ib.
Baian, Khagan of the Avars, makes alliance
with Alboin, 268, 436; negotiates with
Borne, ib. ; makes peace, 269; takes
Sirminm, 276; transplants Slav nations,
437 sq. ; 440, 443 sq.
Baisan (Bethshan), Muslims occupy, 342
Baithene, Abbot of Iona, 526
Bakewell, 473
Bakka. See Mecca
Bakr ibn 'Abd-Manat, Bedouin tribe, 324
Bakr ibn Wall, tribe, 337 sqq. , 348
Balacayas, son of Julian (Urban), apostasy
of, 186
Balder, 485
Balearic Islands, imperial rule established
in, 14, 19, 158; 283; under Frankish
rule, 606
Balkan Mts, Huns in, 36; limit of Bulgarian
kingdom, 440; 633
Balkan peninsula, the, defence of, 33;
ravaged by barbarians, 50; Slavs spread
over, 439 sq. , 445
Balneum Begis, occupied by Lombards, 202
Baltic Sea, the, 419, 426 sq. , 432, 436; limit
of Avar power, 438; 442, 444, 453 sq. ;
limit of Boleslav's kingdom, 455; 456, 614
Balto-Slavonic group, the, 418
Balto-Slavs, the, original home of, 418 sq.
Baits, the, location of, 418, 432
Bamberg, 452
Bam borough, capital of Bemicia, 510, 526,
545; relics of Oswald at, 546
Baneh, 299
Banffshire, 513
Bangor, Bishop of. See Daniel
Banksteed, inscription at, 475
Banon (Banona), goddess, 477
Banu Hanifa, the, 335 sq.
Banu Hashim, clan to which Mahomet
belonged, 304; refuse to desert Mahomet,
311 and note; 359
Banu abi 1-Husain, 388
Banu Kainuka', Jewish clan, banished from
Medina, 318
Banu Midrar, independent Berber dynasty,
378
Banu-n-Nadir, Jewish clan, besieged, 319;
banished from Medina, ib. ; conquered
by Mahomet, 323
Banu Bustam, independent Berber dynasty,
378
Banu SaSda, 333
Banu Shaiban, tribe, 337 sq.
Banu Umayya, 317
Barbate (Guadibeca), River, 185
Barcelona, Gisalic flees to, 161; John of
Biclar banished to, 169; 179 ; on trade
route, 191; 592, 604; taken by the
Franks, 606
Bardengau, the, first home of the Lombards.
194; Charles the Great in, 612
Bardney, Aethelred a monk at, 562
Bards (Bardi), the, Gallic poets, 471
Barbill, 473
Bari, taken by Saracens, 384; 385; becomes
an independent state, 386; recovered by
Byzantines, 387
Barka, taken by Saracens, 351, 366; 367,
369, 377, 380
Barrel, god, 473
Basil I, Eastern Emperor, defeats the
Saracens, 387
Basil, St, Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia,
and the monasteries in Gaul, 147
Basil, Bishop of Gortyna, at Trullan
Council, 408
Basques, the, 119; St Amandus preaches
to, 125, 534; attack the Frankish army
at Bonctsvalles, 605; retain their native
dukes, 677
Basques, duke of the, 125
Basra, Saracens at, 347 sq. , 351; Camel
battle near, 356; 368
Basris, the, in Khuzistan, 348; oppose
Ali, 356; 359
Bastania Malagnefia (Bastetania), attacked
by Leovigild, 166
Bastarnae, conquer the Slavs, 430 sq.
Bastetani, 167
Bath (Aquae Sulis), inscriptions at, 476,
479
Bathildis, Frankish queen, revokes poll-tax,
140
Batnae, 393
Battersea, 572
Batuecas, 166
Bavaria, Agilolfings supreme in, 128; and
Charles Martel, 129; suzerainty of, con-
ferred on Carloman, 130; Christianity
preached in, 148, 533 sq. ; 196, 204; and
Boniface, 537 sqq. , 698; 593 sq. ; Ber-
trada in, 595; allied with Francia, 596;
Franks invade, 597; relations with
Charles the Great, 606 sq. ; included in
Frankish empire, 607 sq.
Bavaria, Garibald, Duke of, marries Lom-
bard princess, 195; 200
Hncbert, Duke of, under Frankish
suzerainty, 538
Odilo, Duke of, resigns territory
to Carloman and Pepin, 131; and the
Church, 538; defeated, 539
Tassilo, Duke of, marries Lint-
perga, daughter of Desiderius the
## p. 831 (#863) ############################################
Indear
831
Lombard, 218, 595; 602; and Charles
the Great, 606 sq. ; deposed, 607; ac-
cused of Herisliz, ib. ; made a monk,
ib. ; character, 608; 677
Bavaria, Teutpert, Duke of,
Ansprand, 211
Theodo, Duke of, and church or-
ganisation, 538
Bavarians, the, 119 ; date of law of, 138;
and the Lombards, 195; fight the Slavs,
203; 206; and the Avars, 439; massacre
Bulgar horde, 442 sq. ; 444, 449, 539,
608, 633, 672
Bayeux, Saxon pirates at, 110; military
colony at, 141
Bazas, captured by Clovis, 114, 160
Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury,
261
Bede, the Wenerable, school founded by,
158; cited, 237,254 sq. ,486,491,496 sq. ,
509, 512 sq. , 516 and note, 517, 519 sq. ,
523 sq. , 526 sq. , 529 sqq. , 543 sqq. ,
550 sqq. , 555 sqq. , 558 sqq. , 564 sq. ,
574, 645; and the letters of Gregory the
Great, 241 ; 511, 536, 541 ; his account
of Edwin of Deira, 543; at Jarrow, 562,
573; 563; life and work, 574
Bedfordshire, 545
Bedouins, the, trade with the Meccans, 304;
form an alliance with the Kuraish, 319;
at the siege of Medina, 320; help the
Meccans, 322, 324; in Mahomet's army,
324; at the battle of Hunain, 325;
340
Begga, daughter of Pepin of Landen, marries
Ansegis, 126
Beja, a fortress of Justinian, 22
Bejar (Pax Julia), Andeca banished to, 170
Beklal (? Beit-Germa), Heraclius reaches,
298
Belatucadrus, god, 473, 475
Belenus (Bélènos), a god of the Kelts, 462
Beleos, family of, 197
Belgae, 459, 471
Belgica Secunda, 110
Belgium, 463
Belgrade (Singidunum), Justinian's castle
at, 33; 276
Belisāma, goddess, 476
Belisarius, distrusted by Justinian, 3; on
Asiatic frontier, 7; quells the Nika Riot,
9; 11; conquers Wandals in Africa, 12 sq. ;
honours, 13; 14; successes in Italy,
15 sq. ; refuses Gothic offer, 16; fails
to recover Italy, 17; 21 ; and Theodora,
26, 30, 46; at Dara, 28; at Callinicum,
ib. ; and the second Persian war, 29;
saves Constantinople from the Huns, 31;
disgraced (562), 51; 225, 263 sq. , 642
Belley, bishopric established at, 142
Bencius, cousin of Roderick, defeated by
Arabs, 185
Benedict I, Pope, gives permission for
Gregory's mission to the English, 237;
recalls him, ib. ; death, 238
shelters
Benedict, St, spread of rule of, 148 sq. ,
237; 235
Benedict Biscop, and church music, 524;
granted land to found Wearmouth, 558;
educational work of, 573
Benefice, beneficium, origin of, 153; among
the Slavs, 445; Teutonic, 645–9
Beneventans (Beneventines), the,
601 sq. , 702
Benevento, city, Romuald besieged in, 205,
394; religious houses founded in, 206;
Liutprand at, 212, 214; remains neutral,
219; Saracens admitted to, 384; taken
by Louis II, 385 sq. ; 387
Benevento, duchy of, founded, 198; 204;
under same government as North Italy,
205; right of coinage in, 208; jurisdiction
in, 209; 211; nobles choose Godescalc,
213; 217; preserves its independence
after Frankish conquest, 220 sq. ; attacks
Naples, 383; divided into two princi-
palities, 384; disturbances in, 386; in-
vaded by Constans II, 394; awarded
by Pepin to the Pope, 588, 599; rises in
revolt, 590; subdued, 591; 597; pros-
perity and importance under Arichis,
601 ; 602; encroachments of, 693, 702;
694
Benevento, Arichis, Duke of, increases his
territory, 201; and the duchy of Friuli,
203; death, 204; threatens Naples, 244
— Arichis II, Duke of, made duke by
Desiderius, 217; marries Adelperga, ib. ;
theoretically king of the Lombards, 220;
conspires against Charles the Great, 600;
independence of, 601; comes to terms,
ib. ; death, 602
Gisulf, Duke of, in the power of Liut-
prand, 212; the duchy restored to, 214
Godescalc, Duke of, opposes Liutprand,
130, 213, 695; surrenders, 214; makes
alliance with Gregory II, 695; and with
Gregory III, ib.
Grimoald, Duke of, son of Arichis of
Benevento, offered as a hostage, 601;
made duke, 602
— Liutprand, Duke of, driven away by
Desiderius, 217
— Radelchis, Duke of, and the Saracens,
384
— Romuald, Duke of, son of Grimoald,
negotiates with imperialists, 205, 394;
becomes Duke of Benevento, 206; treats
with Perctarit, ib. ; takes Brindisi and
Tarento, 693
— Romuald II, Duke of, and Gregory II,
212; death, ib.
— Sikard, Duke of, besieges Naples, 383;
death, 384
— Zotto, Duke of, establishes himself at
Benevento, 198
Bensington, captured by Wulfhere, 553;
battle of, 564
Benwell, inscriptions at, 473, 476, 479
Berāzrūd Canal, 298
216,
## p. 832 (#864) ############################################
832
Index
Berbers, the, revolt of, 18; subdued, 14;
23, 35; revolt against Ma'ddite rule, 129;
183, 227; make peace with the Empire,
267; 283, 287; accept Islam, 365 sq. ;
support the patricius Gregory, 367; and
'Ukba, 368 ; successes of, against Sara-
cens, 369; policy of Hassan towards,
370; invade Spain, 871 sq. ; in Gaul,
374; at feud with the Arabs, 375 sq. ;
rise against the Arabs, 377; form inde-
pendent states, 378; 380, 382, 387;
hostile to the Arabs in Sicily, 389
Berotgils (Boniface), Bishop of Dunwiob,
528
Berctwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, abbot
of Beculver, 558 sq. ; made archbishop,
559 ; holds a synod, 562
Bergamo, 644
Bergamo, Bothari, Duke of, aspires to the
throne, 211; killed, ib.
Berhta, wife of Aethelberht of Kent, 255,
515
Berkshire, 552, 572
Berlin, 482
Bermudo II, of Spain, 190
Bernard, St, 261
Bernard, uncle of Charles the Great, leads
an army over the Alps, 598
Bernard, grandson of Charles the Great,
appointed under-king of Italy, 624, 659
Bernioia, kingdom of, 510 sq. ; joined to
Deira, 522, 545; Faulinus in, 523; and
the northern missionaries, 526; 527,
544; separated from Deira, 546; 554;
two sees for, 656
Bernicians, the, defeated, 522
Berny-Biviere (Brennacum), villa of Mero-
vingian kings at, 110
Berri, conquered by Pepin, 593
Bertefried, Austrasian noble, attacks Brun-
hild, 122
Bertha, daughter of Charles the Great, 663
Berthar, Mayor of the Palace in Neustria,
defeated at Tertry, 127
Bertoald, Mayor of the Palace, 157
Bertrada, widow of Pepin III, seeks alliance
with Lombard royal family, 218, 596,
701; 219; blessed by Stephen III, 699
Bertramn, Bishop of Le Mans, leaves
property to his see, 144
Berytus, law school at, 61
Besancon, united to see of Lyons, 145; 148
Beuvray, Mt, 460
Bewcastle, 475
Bex, Burgundians victorious near, 198
Beziers, fortifications destroyed, 129; 162,
179; Arabs expelled from, 682
Bibracte, capital of the Aedui, 460
Bieda, attaoked by Lombards, 219
Bilal the Abyssinian, a convert of Mahomet,
310
Bilin, 450
Birdoswald, inscriptions at, 475 sq.
Birinus, Bishop of Dorchester on Thames,
apostle of Wessex, 525, 546
Birrens, inscription at, 476
Birtha, king of. See Lucius Aelius
Bishr, brother of 'Abbas, 415
Biskra, 369
BiBsonnum, 158
Bithynia, 416
Bizerta, 370
Bizye, Maximus in exile at, 403
Blachernae, shrine of the Virgin at, un-
harmed by Avars, 296; mutineers enter
through gate of, 410; Tiberius in church
of the Virgin at, 413 sq. ; rebels enter by
gate of, 416
Black Death, the, 530
Blackmoorland, inscription at, 474
Black Sea, the (Euxine), Justinian holds
the sea-board against the Persians, 30;
32 sq. ; trade on, 41, 155; 266; Persian
troops reach, 292; 419 sq. , 427, 430, 435,
437 note, 500
Bleatarn, 475
Bleda, castle of, taken by Liutprand, 213
Blemmyea, 35
Blenkinsop Castle, inscription at, 476
Blues, the, faction, struggle with the Greens,
1, 51; support Justinian, 7 sq. ; and the
Nika Biot, 8 sq. ; and the Emperor
Maurice, 281 sq. ; in Antioch and other
cities, 285,287 ; standard of, burnt, 288;
and Justinian II, 409; proclaim Leon-
tius, 410
Boann, goddess, 478
Bobbio, River, 202
Bobbio, monastery of, founded by St
Columbanue, 148
Bodb Catha, Irish war-goddess, 477
Bohmerwald, 462; boundary of the empire
of Charles the Great, 614 sq.
Boethiug, Anicius Manlius Severinas, put
to death, 6
Boethius (Boece), Hector, writes a history
of Scotland, 509
Bohemia, centre of a Slav kingdom, 155;
the Avars in, 436; 487, 442, 445;
Pfemysl prince in, 450; 452 sq. , 067
Bohemians, the, 420, 453; names of clans
among, 454 note; 457
Boisil, Prior of Melrose Abbey, death of,
529
Boleslav Ehrobry, 455
Bologna, Theudibert at, 119; Lombard
boundary extended to, 212; 213, 228,
693
Bonakis, general, defeats the troops of
Phocas, 287
Boniface, St (Winfrid, Bonifatius), Arch-
bishop of Mainz, 128 sq. ; receives in-
vestiture from the Pope, 130; probably
present at consecration of Pepin, 131;
submits Germanic converts to the papacy,
146; ecclesiastical reform of, 149; and
the letters of Gregory the Great, 241,
517 ; cited, 421; 523, 532 sq. ; letter to,
cited, 534; 535; at Borne, 536; in
Frisia, ib. ; consecrated, 537; work of,
## p. 833 (#865) ############################################
Indea: 833
537–541; made archbishop, 588, 698;
councils held by, 539 sq. ; leaves Fulda,
541 ; death, ib. ; burial, ib. ; importance
of his work, 541 sq. , 576; anoints Pepin,
581, 659; 583, 592, 616, 647, 697 sqq. ,
702
oniface IV, Pope, and Columbanus, 500
oniface V, Pope, 618
onifacius, Earl of Tyrrhenia, raids North
African coast, 381
onneuil, 115 -
ionosus, Count of the East, sent to quell
riot in Antioch, 286; and in Jerusalem,
287; defeats forces of Heraclius, ib. ;
driven from Egypt, ib. ; killed, 288
Honus, general, holds Sirmium against the
Avars, 268; recalled, 269; 292; negotiates
with the Avars, 295; holds Constantinople
against the barbarians, 296
took of Deer, the, cited, 513
3ook of Edifices, the, lauds Justinian, 2
}ook of Leinster, the, cited, 478
Sorbo, 460
}ordeaux (Burdigala), Ruricius at, 113;
captured by Clovis, 114, 160; taken by
Arabs, 129; a metropolitan see, 145;
trade of, 156; origin of, 460
Bordeaux, Bishop of. See Leontius
Borut, duke of the Carinthians, 449
Bosham (Bosanham), monastery founded
at, 530
Bosphorus, the, 39, 413
Bosporus, port, trading centre, 41; taken
by Turks, 276; 411
Bothuele, Abbot of Dunfermline, 509
Bougival, origin of name, 152
Bourbon, 460
Bourbonne-les-Bains, inscription at, 475
Bourges, a metropolitan see, 145
Brabant, 126
Bracara. See Braga
3raciaca, god, 473
Bradford-on-Avon, battle of, 552
Braga (Bracara), victory of Leovigild at,
170
Braga, Bishop of. See Martin
Braganza, province, 166
Bran, the voyage of, 478
Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa, compiler of
the code of Reces winth, 179; 192
Bredon, 573
Bremen, church built in, 613
Brennacum. See Berny-Rivière
Brescia, held by Goths, 18; dukedom of,
seized by Alahis of Tridentum, 206;
474
Brest, 119
Brest Litovsk, 419
Bretons, the, retain their native dukes,
677
Bretwalda, explanation of term, 543
Breviarium Alarici, 58, 113, 138, 160;
abolished, 178
Brexillum, Drocton, Duke of, assists im-
perialists, 199
c. MEd. h. vol. ii.
Bridge, battle of the, 339, 346
Bridget, St. , 498 sq.
Brie, abbey in, see Faremoutier-en-Brie
Brigantes, the, 473
Brigantia, goddess, 476
Bºº. connected by legend with St Patrick,
50
Brigit, goddess, 476 sq.
Brindisi (Brundusium), occupied by Lom-
bards, 205; burnt by Saracens, 383;
taken by Duke of Benevento, 693
Britain, Kelts driven from, 118; Gregory
plans the conversion of, 237; 252;
Augustine's mission to,254sqq. ; druidism
in, 470 sq. ; Keltic heathenism in,
ch. xv (B) passim; Christianity brought
into,496–502; 509 sq. ; 514; bishops of,
; Augustine, 518 sqq. ; 574, 635, 697,
British Church, the, origin of, 496 sq. ;
orthodoxy of, 500 sq. ; remains left by,
501; and Augustine, 518 sqq. ; and
Laurentius, 521
British Isles, the, Keltic heathemism in,
ch. xv (b) passim; 615
British Museum, the, Arabian papyri in,
cited, 373; M. S. in, 512
Britons, the, sub-divisions of, 118; 462,
484, 499, 509, 514, 519; antagonism to
English, 520; beaten at Chester, 521;
522; Wulfhere defeats, 552; 571
Brittany, Kelts established in, 118; 141;
593; native dukes continue in, 677
Brixen (Seben), ancient bishopric of,
225
Brixworth, Roman remains at, 501
Brougham Castle, inscription at, 475
Bro-Waroch, 119
Brude Mac Maelchon, King of the Picts,
and St Columba, 513
Bruide, King of the Picts, 559
Brunhild (Brunehaut), daughter of Athana-
gild, marries Sigebert, 120, 164; escapes
to Austrasia, 121; her struggle with the
nobles, 122; regency, 122 sq. ; death,
123; and Columbanus, 124, 148; cha-
racter of rule, 124; and Augustine's
mission, 124, 254 sq. , 259; and Gregory
the Great, ib. , 146, 254, 257 sq. , 576;
156; 168, 200
Brunisberg, Frankish army reaches, 611
Bruttium,228, 232; held by the Byzantines,
698
Bu’āth, Day of, battle, 312
Bucelin, chief of the Alemanni, invades
Italy, 18
Buchan, 513
Buchanan, Maurice, Liber Pluscardensis of,
509
Buckinghamshire, 553, 572
Büraburg, diocese of, formed, 538; 540
Büraburg, Bishop of. See Witta
Bulgăr, 429
Bulgaranus, count, 192
Bulgars, Bulgarians, settled on the Danube,
53
## p. 834 (#866) ############################################
834
Index
30; predatory expedition of, 31; 35;
besiege Constantinople, 295; 428 sq. ;
in the Pontes steppe, 435 sq. ; 437 note,
439 sq. , 442; settle in Italy, 443; 444 sq. ,
451 sq. ; defeat imperial forces (680), 405,
(689) 406, (708) 412; 411, 413; threaten
Constantinople, 414 sq. ; 443
Borcbard, Bishop of Wurzburg, ambassador
of Pepin to Pope Zaeharias, 131, 581;
538 sq.
Bnrdigala. See Bordeaux
Burdurellus, chief of the Bagaud&e, captured
and slain, 161
Borford, West Saxon raid reaches, 564
Burgh Castle, 524
Burgh-by-Sands, inscription at, 476
Burgondians, the, extend their territory,
109; 110 sq. ; attacked by Clovis, 112;
join Salian Franks, 114; defeated by
Franks and Ostrogoths, 117; character-
istics, 118; 138, 141, 159 sqq. , 198, 491;
633, 672
Burgundy, kingdom of, code of laws for,
57; dual role in, 109; Gundobad usurps
sole power in, 112; 116; seized by sons
of Clovis, 117 sq. ; Mayor of Palace for,
instituted, 124; rule of Dagobert in, 125;
126; straggle of Ebroin and Leodegar in,
127; Charles Martel supreme in, 128;
conferred on Pepin, 130; 136 sq. , 256,
524, 549, 584, 592; assigned to Carloman,
595; 640
Bust, Amir, reaches the Oasis of Jufra,
366; raidsIsauria, 393; ravages Hexapolis,
396; 397
Busta Gallomm, 17
Bawaib, Muslims victorious at, 346
Byzacena, revolt in, 13; included in the
Empire, 14; forms a military district,
21 ; fortresses in, 22; 35; 224
Buzakha, battle of, 336
Byzantine Empire. See Empire
Byzantines (Greeks), the, and the conquest
of Italy, 18, 118; form a province in
Spain, 19; and the Persian wars, 28 sqq. ;
and the silk trade, 41; 119; merchants
among, 156; in Africa and Spain, 163 sqq. ;
Hermenegild intrigues with, 169 sq. ,259;
and Becared, 171 sq. ; defeated by Sisebut,
173; relinquish the Algarves, 175 ; in-
fluence of, on Visigoths, 191; remnants
of territory in Italy, 232; relation of
Venice to, 234; 235; 261; routed near
Antioch, 289; victorious at Mu'ta, 323 sq. ;
326 sq. ; defeated in Syria, 340 sqq. ;
defeated in Egypt, 349 sqq. ; oppose the
Saracens in North Africa, eh. xn passim;
and trade in slaves, 429; 431, 444, 481,
575; plot against the Franks, 601; de-
feated, 602; 608; and the question of
image-worship, 616 sq. ; and the corona-
tion of Charles the Great, 622 sqq. ; 686,
689; abandon the Exarchate, 691 sqq. ;
700
Byzantium. See Constantinople
Cacco. son of Gisulf of Friuli, eseapee from
the Avars, 203; fights the Slavs, ib.
Caceres, supports Hermenegild, 169
Cacorizus, chamberlain, commands fleet,
393
Cadiz, province, 185
Cadwalader, King of Gwynedd, allied with
Penda, 527, 546
Cadwallon, King of Gwynedd, victories of,
525, 544; slain, 525, 545; 527
Caedmon of Whitby, 574
Caelestius, missionary to Ireland, 500, 504
Caerleon-upon-Csk, 497 sq.
Caerwent, remains of temple at, 479
Caesar, Julius, 78, 459 sq. ; cited, 462 sqq. ,
630 sq. , 639
Caesarea in Bithynia, Bishop of. See
Theodosius
Caesarea in Cappadocia, 274; Persians in,
285, 288; the Bomans recover, 289 sq. ;
Heraclius assembles his army at, 293;
forced to pay tribute, 393; 394
Caesarea in Cappadocia, Bishops of. See
Basil, Theodore Askidas
Caesarea in Mauretania, 224
Caesarea in Palestine (Kaisariya), law
school suppressed, 61; 287; Persians at,
290; and the Arab invasion, 341, 343;
taken, 345; 349
Caesarius, Bishop of Aries, founds monas-
teries, 147
Caesena, castles of, occupied by Liutprand.
214
Cahors, 125
Cahors, Bishop of. See Didier
Cairo, 350; founded, 379; 389
Caisselire, church founded at, 506
Calabria, ducatus of, 228,232 sq. ; Saracens
attack, 383 sq.
; Saracens expelled from,
387 sq. ; 539; Byzantines defeated in,
602; 693
Calendar, the sacred, of the Arabs, 326 sq.
Caliphs, Caliphate, the, 330 sq. ; origin of
title, 333; 339; at Damascus, 346; 353,
365; foreign policy of, 373; 376, 378,
386
Calistus, Patriarch of Aquileia, quarrels
with Pemmo of Friuli, 213
Calleva Atrebatum. See Silohester
Callinieum, battle of, 28; fort at, 33; 265;
taken by the Persians, 288
Callinicus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
409; crowns Leontius, 410; blinded and
banished, 411
Callinicus, exarch, concludes an armistice
with the Lombards, 201; welcomed by
Gregory, 249; renews war, 250
Callinicus, Syrian architect, invents Greek
fire, 397
Calonymus, island, Heraclius at, 288
Calor, River, Constans II defeated on, 394
Camacha, fortress, 397; taken by Arabs,
412
Cambodunum, Campodunum. See Slack
Camboses, Arab leader, 267
## p. 835 (#867) ############################################
Indea:
835
Cambrai, 128
Cambridge, statutes of the thanes gild in,
cited, 636
Cambyses, 689
Camel battle, the, 356 sq.
Camelorigi, 473
Camillus, 17
Campagna, the, devastated by Lombards,
213, 216, 243; 248
Campania, the, Totila in, 16; Narses in,
18; 231, 234
Campulus, sacellarius, plans the attack on
Leo III, 703
Campus madius (Mayfield), annual assembly,
135, 581, 669
Campus martius (Marchfield), annual as-
sembly, 135, 581, 669
Campus Wocladensis. See Wouglé
Camulodunum (Camalodunum). See Col-
chester
Camulorigho, 473
Camulos (Camalos), god, 473
Candida Casa, Bishop of. See Ninian
Candidus, presbyter, represents Gregory
the Great in Gaul, 146
Cantabri, Cantabrians, the, insurrection of,
167; 459
Cantabria, 159, 162, 191
Cantabria, Fafila (Fairla), Duke of, ban-
ished and slain, 182
Canterbury, Augustine at, 516–519; Raed-
wald baptised at, 521; 527, 557; and
Offa, 565; school of, founded, 573; and
the see of Rome, 697
Canterbury, Bishops and Archbishops of.
See Augustine, Becket, Berctuald, Cuth-
bert, Frithonas, Honorius, Justus,
Laurentius, Tatwin, Theodore, Wighard
Canute. See Knut
Capitulare Heristallense, 670
Cappadocia, 39; the Persians occupy, 285;
Priscus commands in, 288; 293. ; Walen-
tine in, 392; 395 sq. ; Arabs in, 417
Capsa, 224
Capua, Alemanni defeated near, 18; plun-
dered by Saracens, 386; Constans II
threatens, 394; Charles the Great ad-
vances to, 601
Capua, Count of, helps Grimoald of Bene-
vento, 204
Caput-Vada, Belisarius lands at, 12
Caracalla, Emperor, 87
Caralis, Lake, 396
Carantani, 445
Carantania (pagus Crauuti), 437, 443, 452,
608
Sq.
Carbonaria, island, Baian and Theognis
negotiate on, 276
Carcassonne, captured by Ostrogoths, 114,
161; bishopric established at, 142; Arab
army reaches, 605
Carinthia, peasant duke in, 446, 448;
452; work of St Amandus in, 534; 608
Carinthians, the, and their peasant princes,
449, 457
Carisiacum. See Quierzy-sur-Oise
Carlisle (Luguvallium), 472 sq. , 475
Carloman, son of Charles Martel, receives
half the kingdom, 130, 699; becomes a
monk, 131, 541, 576, 699; and the
reform of the Frankish Church, 146;
sent as ambassador to Pepin, 216, 584;
and Boniface, 539 sq. ; 580 sq. ; goes to
Monte Cassino, 583; 586; and the land
of the Church, 646
Carloman, son of Pepin III, dies, 219, 701;
Charles the Great seizes realm of, ib. ;
widow and children of, take refuge with
Desiderius, 219 sq. , 701; anointed king,
584; 589; inherits half the kingdom,
594 sq. , 701; crowned king, ib. ; death,
596, 701; 599; 670; blessed by Ste-
phen III, 699
Carloman, West Frankish king, description
of the court of Charles the Great written
for, 668 sq.
Carlovingians. See Carolingians
Carlsburg, built, 611
cºmm Liber, of Wenantius Fortunatus,
1
Carmona, resists Arab attack, 372
Carnarvonshire, 472
Carnavalet Museum, Paris, statuette of
Charles the Great in, 626
Carniola, Župans in, 446, 448
Carnutes, the, 464, 468, 470
Carolingians (Carlovingians), the, 130, 135,
581, ch. xx passim, 706
Carpathian Mts, 418, 426, 430, 432, 435,
487; boundary of Bulgarian kingdom,
440; 442
Carpentras, taken by Theodoric, 117
Carrarich, King of the Sueves, 165 sq.
Carrawburgh, Keltic remains near, 479
Carrhae, fort at, 33
Carteya, taken by Muslims, 184
Carthage, taken by Belisarius, 12 sq. ; re-
built, 24; 224; church council held at,
252; death of Ingundis at, 259; 291,
366; and the patricius Gregory, 367;
and Dinár, 368; taken by the Saracens,
369; lost and retaken, 370; 381; Arabs
driven from, 410
Carthage, Bishop of. See Dominicus
Carthagena, taken by imperialists, 19; 170;
on trade route, 191
Carthagena, Bishop of. See Licinianus
Carthaginensis, held in part by Visigoths,
159, 164
Carthaginians, the, 463, 468
Carvoran, inscriptions at, 475 sq.
Cashel, Bishop of. See Cormac
Casia, island, Avars and Romans negotiate
on, 276
Caspian (Caucasian) Gates, Huns in, 28
Caspian Sea, the, 41, 427 sq.
Cassian, 147
Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, cited, 160
Castellane (civitas Salinensium), 142
Castlesteads, inscription at, 475
53–2
## p. 836 (#868) ############################################
836
Index
Castor and Pollux, 485
Castrogiovanni, resists Arab attack, 382;
390
Catalonia, 167
Catholicism, Hermenegild refuses to abjure,
170; Becared'e conversion to. 171 sq. ,
259; becomes religion of Visigothic state,
172,260; influences Visigothic legislation,
189; hastens extinction of Visigothic
language, 192; Arian bishop of Pavia
converted to, 204; spreads throughout
Italy, 206; 239; spreads among the
Lombards, 250
Catholics, the, protected by Justinian, 5,
44; persecuted by Vandals in Africa,
9 sq. ; 48; offended by Justinian's
policy, 49; and Clovis, 112, 160; and
Agila, 163; and Athanagild, 164; and
the conversion of Hermenegild, 168;
Leovigild's treatment of, 169; strong
position of, in Spain, 171 sq. ; Jewish
children to be married to, 181 ; favoured
by Theodelinda's government, 202; and
Aripert, 204
Catterick, 523
Caucasus Mts, Roman influence over tribes
in, 7, 28; send recruits to imperial army,
11; Huns in, 28; 29sq. , 35; 279; Hera-
clius finds allies in, 294, 297; 349, 353;
form boundary of Caliph's territory, 354;
406, 416, 427
Cavaillon, taken by Theodoric, 117
Ceadwalla, King of Wessex, rise of, 559 sq. ;
baptism, 560; death, ib. ; 561, 563, 566
Ceaiius, god, 473
Ceccano, castle of, taken by Lombards, 215
Cedd, brother of Chad, missionary to
Mercia, 528; consecrated bishop for
Essex, 529, 546; death, ib. ; 547
Celestine I, Pope, 500; sends Palladius to
Ireland, 502 sq.
Celin, chaplain to Aethelwald of Deira,
529
Cell Muine, Britons of, 499
Celtic Church in Britain and Ireland, of
Prof. Zimmern, cited, 505
(Jems, Mt, 216 sq. , 220, 225, 589, 598
Cenn Cruaich (Crom Cruaich), idol, de-
stroyed, 478, 506
Centwine, West Saxon prince, forced to
become a monk, 560
Ceollach, Bishop of the Middle Angles and
the Mercians, 528
Ceolred, King of Mercia, 563
Cephallenia, 413
Cerdic, strife in the house of, 560
Ceuta (Septem), Justinian holds, 14, 19,
22; taken by Theudis, 163; 183, 224;
included in Mauretania Secunda, 227,
283; 371; Philagrius banished to, 391
Cevennes Mts, form boundary of Septimania,
160, 581, 692
Ceylon, exports of, 41; 53
Chad, St, abbot of Lastingham,429; bishop
of York, 530 555
Chalcedon, Avar embassy sent to, 266;
Kardarigan reaches, 285; Sahln marches
on, 290; Sahrbaraz stationed at, 295 sq. ;
taken by Saracens, 354,397; Constantine
at, 391; and Valentine's army, 392; 413;
451
Council of. See Councils, Oecumeni-
cal
Chalon-sur-Sadne, monastery founded at,
147
Chamavi, the, Folkright of, written down,
673
Champagne, 137; St Columbanus in, 148
Champlien, ancient temple at, 466
Chanson de Roland, 605, 625
Chansom de Geste, the, 625
Charade, King of the Salian Franks, 110;
death, 115
Charibert, King of Paris, son of Chiotar I,
120; 137; lauded by Fortunatus, 156;
515
Charibert, son of Chlotar II. 125
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), 58, 127;
compared with Charles Martel, 130 sq. ;
134, 138; reforms of, 139, 141; 144;
terms of military service under, 154; 155,
158; marries Desiderata, 218, 701;
divorces her, 219, 596, 701; seizes terri-
tory of Carloman, 219; subdues the
Lombards, 220; makes an agreement
about the Pontifical state, 233; renounces
conquest of Venice, 234; and the Sara-
cens, 381 ; 437 note, 440, 445, 454, 486.
488, 492; and Offa, 563 sq. ; and Alcuin,
574; receives Pope Stephen, 584, 699;
and the Papal claims, 587 sqq. ; inherits
half the kingdom, 593 sqq. ; cb. xrx
passim; parentage, 595; crowned king,
ib. ; seizes the inheritance of Carloman's
children, 596; wars of, 597 sqq. ; renews
the donation of Pepin, 599, 702; puts
down the revolt of Hrodgaud, 600; and
the Beneventines, 602; his relations with
the pope, 603; invasion of Spain, 604 sq. ;
relations with Bavaria, 606 sq. ; and the
Avars, 609; extent of empire of, 615;
relations with the Church, ib. , 616; and
the Libri Carolini, 616; and Leo HI,
619 sq. ; crowned emperor, 620 sq. ,
704 sq. ; significance of the coronation,
621 sqq. , 705 sq. , 706 and note; death,
625; legends of, 625 sq. ; appearance,
626; character, 627; his conception of
empire, 628; importance of, in history,
629; 649; legislation and administration
of, ch. xxi passim; his ideal for the
state, 658 sq. ; 687, 694, 696, 700 sq. ;
and Hadrian I, 703
Charles Martel, seizes supreme authority,
128; victorious over Arabs, 129, 374;
and Gregory III, 130, 576, 580, 695;
death, 130, 539; divides the kingdom, ib. ;
131, 133; gives church preferment to
laymen, 146; seizes church property,
153 sq. , 646; and Lintprand, 211; 216;
## p. 837 (#869) ############################################
Indea:
837
helps Boniface, 537, 539; 563, 575; and
the Saxons, 610; 682, 698 sq. , 702
Jharles II, the Bald, Emperor, 626, 660,
668
Xharles IV, Emperor, as king of Bohemia,
450
Jharles, son of Charles the Great, 612;
campaigns of, 614 sq. ; 624, 659
Jhartres, 142, 468
Dhateaudun, bishopric established at, 142
Dhatti, the, 484
Chazars, the, form an alliance with Hera-
clius, 297; 298; defeat the Arabs, 353;
406; Khan of, helps Justinian II, 41. 1;
412; kill officers of Justinian II, 413 ;
428 sq. ; 443
Chedinus, duke, marches against Werona,
200
Chedworth, early Christian relics at, 501
Chekhs (Čechs, Czechs), the, 450, 454 note;
not included in Frankish empire, 614 sq.
Chelles, 122
Chelsea, synod held at, 565
Chennevières, origin of name, 152
Cheriton (Pembrokeshire), 473
Cherso, island, 384
Cherson, walls for defence of, 33; trade
of, 41; Pope Martin banished to, 402;
Justinian II in exile at, 409 sqq. ;
Justinian sends expedition against,412 sq.
Chersonese, the (Crimean). See Crimea
Chersonesus (Thracian), walls of, 33
Chersonites, the, and Justinian II, 412 sq.
Chertsey Abbey, founded, 561
Cherusci, the, 194, 639
Cheshire, 544, 551, 557
Chester, inscription at, 476; battle of, 521;
544, 546
Chesterford, inscription at, 475
Chester-le-Street, inscription at, 474
Childebert I, son of Clovis, inherits part of
kingdom, 116; death, ib. ; seizes Bur-
gundy, 117; founds monastery, 119, 147;
133; invades Spain, 119, 162
Childebert II, son of Sigebert, proclaimed
king in Austrasia, 121; minority, 122;
inherits Burgundy, 123; death, ib. ; 133;
murders Magnovald, 134; marches against
the Lombards, 199; sister of, betrothed
to Authari, 200; instructions of Gregory
the Great to, 257 sq.
Childeric, King of the Franks, 109
Childeric III, last Merovingian king, de-
position, 131, 699; made a monk, ib. ;
death, 131 ; 660
Chilperic, King of Soissons, son of Chlotar I,
marriages, 120, 164; at war with Sige-
bert, ib. ; character, 121; conquests, 122;
death, ib. ; 133, 140; and the Jew Priscus,
156; 641
Chilperic, Burgundian prince, death, 109,
111
Chiltern Hills, the, 553, 560, 564, 572
Chilternsaete, the, subdued by Wulfhere,
553
China, exports silk, 41 sq. ; and the Turks,
269 sq. ; the Arabs reach, 363
Chindaswinth, King of the Visigoths, 58; re-
pressive policy of, 176 sq. ; death, 177;
legislation of, 178; 186 sq. ; 192
Chinghiz (Genghis) Khan, 453
Chintila, King of the Visigoths, elected,
176; 177, 180
Chiusi, Reginbald, Duke of, conspires
against Charles the Great, 600
Chloderic, Frankish prince, helps Clovis,
113; rebels against Sigebert, 116
Chlomara, fortress of, besieged by Philip-
picus, 278
Chlotar I, son of Clovis, succeeds to Mero-
vingian dominions, 116; death, 117;
invades Burgundy, ib. ; marriage, 119;
sons of, 120; 133; founds monastery of
St Médard, 147; invades Spain, 162;
lays a tribute on the Saxons, 610; in-
subordination of his host, 641
Chlotar II, loses part of Neustria, 123; sole
ruler in Gaul, 124; concessions to nobles,
ib. ; 125; and the appointment of bishops,
143; 534
Chnaitha, Heraclius at, 298
Chollerford, 525
Chonober, count of Brittany, 116
Chosroes I, Anoushirvan, King of Persia,
attacks Roman territory, 29; makes
treaty with Rome, 30; harries Asia, 50;
negotiates with Justin II, 266 sq. ; tries
to enforce fire-worship, 270; claims the
Roman tribute, 271; takes Dara, 272;
defeated, 274; death, 275
Chosroes II, King of Persia, crowned, 280;
appeals to Rome, ib. , 283; restored to his
throne, ib. ; Maurice appeals for help to,
282; declares war on Rome, 284; helps
adherents of Maurice against Phocas,
285; advancestowards the Mediterranean,
288 sqq. ; 292; refuses peace, 293; de-
feated, 294; 295; and the Chazars, 297;
takes flight before Heraclius, 298; death,
299
Chramnichis, Frankish duke, defeated, 199
Chramnus, son of Chlotar I, rebels, 116
Christ, teaching of Mahomet concerning,
309
Christ Church, Canterbury, built by Augus-
time, 519; land book of the monks
preserved, 558
Christianity, spread of, in Asia, 28, 46;
Clovis and, 111 sq. ; preached to the
Frisians, 127; 128; preached in Thur-
ingia, Alemannia, and Bavaria, 129;
influence of, in Frankish kingdom, 133 sq. ,
142; forced on Jews in Spain, 175 sq. ;
192; Lombards accept, 195; 237; cha-
racter of, in Gaul, 256; 261; and the
Slavs, 297; among the Arabs, 303;
Mahomet's knowledge of, 306, 308 sq.
and Islām, 329 sqq. ; among the Slavs,
425, 454; 480; brought into Britain,
496–502; brought into Ireland, 502-508;
## p. 838 (#870) ############################################
838
Index
brought into Scotland, 509–513; brought
to the English, 514–581,544–547; brought
into Germany, 532–542; changes intro-
duced into England with, 547-551;
brought to the Saxons, 582; preached
to the Avars, 609; preached in vain to
the Saxons, 610; forced on the Saxons,
611 sq. ; Danes and Obodrites reject, 614
Christians, 73, 108; and the baptism of
Clovis, 1. 12; under anthority of the
bishops, 135; marriages of Jews with,
forbidden, 174; 175; 177; Jews conspire
against, 181; expelled from Nisibis, 272;
leave Caesarea in Cappadocia, 285; and
the restoration of the Holy Cross, 299;
305 sq. ; Mahomet's view of, 307 sqq. ;
314 note; Mahomet exacts tribute from,
326; and the Saracens in Sicily, 383; in
Ireland, 502–508
Christne Saga, the, 544
Christopher, turmarch of the Thracesii,
sent to Cherson, 413
Christophorus (Christopher), primicerius,
intervenes in papal election, 218, 696;
killed, ib. ; and the Donation of Con-
stantine, 586 note; 702
Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz, by his rule for
the clergy originates secular canons, 143,
592; envoy from Pepin to the pope, 583;
587
Chronicum Novaliciense, cited, 625
Chrysopolis, 405; Arabs at, 412; adherents
of Theodosius at, 416
Chrysostom, St John, Bishop of Constanti-
nople, cited, 500
Church, the, organisation of, in Gaul,
43 sqq. ; under the Merovingians, 141–9;
in Britain, ch. xv. 1 (B), ch. xv. 11 passim.
See Catholicism
Church of S. Alphege, Canterbury, 516
— S. Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
built, 24
— the Apostles, Constantinople, built,
40; sepulchre of Justinian in, 264
— the Apostles, Paris, built by Clovis, 115
—the Archangel, Constantinople, pillaged
by Avars, 292
— SS. Cosmas and Damian in the
Hebdomon, Constantinople, pillaged by
Avars, 291; burnt, 296
Cristo de la Luz, Toledo, 193
— S. Euphemia, Chalcedon, Vigilius
takes refuge in, 48
— S. Gatien, Tours, Clovisat, 115
— S. Geneviève, Paris, 115
— S. Germain-des-Près, Paris, 119, 157,
163, 193
T. " Hilary, Poitiers, burnt by Arabs,
1
— S. Irene, Constantinople, rebuilt, 40
— S. John the Baptist, Constantinople,
Phocas crowned in, 282
— S. Juan de Baños, Palencia, 193
— S. John the Baptist, Pavia, Gunde-
berga allowed Catholic service in, 203
Church of S. Jean, Poitiers, baptistery ºf
157
— S. John Lateran, Rome, MSS. pre:
served at, 243; synod held in, 401: 58:
founded by Constantine, 586; massie
described, 615; 703
— S. Laurence, Rome, 703
— S. Laurent, Grenoble, crypt of, 157
— S. Martin, Canterbury, possibly
Romano-British, 501; English convers
at, 516, 519
— S. Martin, Tours, Clovisat, 115; 157
— S. Médard, Soissons, Chlotar buried
in, 117
— S. Miguel de Escalada, Leon, 193
— S. Miguel de Tarrasa, Toledo, 193
— S. Nicholas, Constantinople, burnt,
296
— S. Pancras, Canterbury, a heather
temple converted into, 519
— the Pantheon, Paris, 115
— the Pantheon, Rome, despoiled by
Constans II, 394
— S. Paul without the Walls, Rome
plundered by Saracens, 385; founded by
Constantine, 586
— S. Pedro de Nave, Burguillos, 193
— S. Peter, Bremen, built, 613
—S. Peter, Rome, Ratchis makes pilgrim
age to, 215; Gregory the Great conse.
crated in, 240; Agilulf meets Gregory at
245; plundered by Saracens, 385; Pyrrhus
condemned in, 401; picture of the sixth
synod placed in, 414; 524; founded by
Constantine, 586 ; reception of Charles
the Great at (774), 599; Leo III escapes
to, 619, 704; assembly held in, tº
consider case of Leo III, 620,704; imperia.
coronation of Charles the Great in. ib.
— S. Peter and S. Paul (S. Augustine's
Canterbury, built, 519
— S. Peter in Hormisda, Constantinople,
Wigilius takes refuge in, 47
— S. Roman de la Hornija, Palencia
193
— SS. Sergius and Bacchus, Constanti-
nople, built, 40
— S. Sophia, Constantinople, built by
Justinian, 4,40; coronation of Justinian
and Theodora in, 7; Fifth Oecumenica.
Council held in, 48; 52; Germanus takes
refuge in, 282; Constans crownedin-392:
the Ekthesis posted up at, 400; imperial
edict posted up at, 405
— S. Witale, Ravenna, contains mosaic
portrait of Justinian, 2. ; built, $4;
portrait of Theodora in, 25 sq.
Ciaran, Irish saint, 503
Cibyra, 397
Cibyrrhaeots, the, 410
Cicero, M. Tullius, 91 sq.
Cilicia, 284, 289; occupied by the Persians.
290; Sahrbarāz makes a raid on, 2. 35:
294; Saracens invade, 353; 395, Alº,
417; 555
## p. 839 (#871) ############################################
Indea:
889
Cilli, 445
Cimbrians, the, 484
Cimmerian Bosphorus. See Crimea
Circesium, fortress at, 33; Chosroes II
flees to, 280; taken by the Persians,
288
Cirencester, victory of Penda at, 543
Ciudad Rodrigo, forms an independent
state, 165
Cius, attacked by Arabs, 396
Cividale (Forum Julii), taken by Lombards,
196; destroyed by Avars, 203; 204; 213
Civitas Rigomagensium. See Thorame
Civitas Salinensium. See Castellane
Civita Vecchia, Arab pirates reach, 381
Cixilona, daughter of Erwig and wife of
Egica, divorced, 180
Clackmannanshire, 512
Clain, River, 129, 160
Classis, occupied by Lombards, 198; Faro-
ald driven from, 199; Liutprand takes,
- 212
Claudian, poet, cited, 488, 492
Claudius I, Emperor, his legislation con-
cerning slaves, 64
Claudius, duke, 192
Cleph, duke, made king by the Lombards,
197; 209
Clermont, church built at, 157; 473
Clermont, Bishop of. See Sidonius Apol-
linaris
Clermont-Ferrand, colony of Jews at, 156
Clichy, 115, 125
Clodomir, son of Clovis, inherits part of
kingdom, 116; death, ib. ; seizes Bur-
gundy, 117; 133
Clonkeen (Achud), 503
Clotilda, daughter of Chilperic, marries
Clovis, 111; 133
Clotilda, daughter of Clovis, marries Ama-
laric, 162; ill-treated, ib. ; Childebert
comes to aid of, ib.
Clovesho, synod held at, 564
Clovis, King of the Franks, 109; victorious
at Soissons, 110; growing power, 111;
marriage, ib. ; attacks Burgundy, 1. 12;
baptism, ib. , 256, 532; attacks Alemans,
112 sq. , 119 ; attacks Visigoths, 113, 159;
slays Alaric, 114, 160; attains consular
rank, 115; death, 116; work, 116 sq. ;
118, 123, 132 sqq. , 138, 141, 147, 157,
161,459, 575 sq. , 592; and the Soissons
chalice, 640; real founder of the Frankish
empire, 655 sq. ; 696, 705
Clovis II, King of Neustria, puts Grimoald
to death, 126; 524
Cluain Cain, and St Patrick, 503
Clunia, 159
Clyde, Firth of,
Cumbria, 510
Clyde, River, 511
Cnobheresburg (? Burgh Castle), monastery
founded at, 524
Coa, River, 166
Cocidius, British god, 475
limit of kingdom of
Codera, Arab historian, cited, 183
Coder Gregorianus, made, 54; 56 sqq.
Codea. Hermogenianus, 54; 56 sqq.
Codez Justinianus, 38,43 sq. , 52, 54, 56 sq. ;
its compilation, 59 sqq. ; 62 sq. , 223
Coder Theodosianus, drawn up, 56; de-
scribed, 57; 58 sq. , 61, 187
Coelestius, companion of Pelagius, 500
Coelesyria, 343
Coelian Hill, the, ancestral house of Gregory
the Great on, converted into a monastery,
236; 703
Coenred, King of Mercia, accession, 562;
563
Coenwalch, King of Wessex, and Agilbert,
530; baptised, 546; reign of, 552;
553
Coenwulf, King of Mercia, decline of Mercia
under, 565
Coifi, Northumbrian priest, abjures idolatry,
523
Coimbra, taken by Remismund, 165; 168
Colchester (Camalodunum, Camulodunum),
inscriptions at, 473 sq.
Colchis. See Lazica
Colman, Bishop of Lindisfarne, and the
Synod of Whitby, 531, 554; leaves Eng-
land, 554 sq.
Colman, bishop, and St Patrick, 503
Cologne, Ripuarian Franks at, 110, 115;
533; represented at church council, 540;
archbishopric restored, ib.
Cologne, Bishops of. See Cunibert, Hildi-
bald
Coloneia, fort at, 33
Colonia (Archelais), 396
Columbanus (Columba), St, abbot of
Luxeuil, expelled by Brunhild, 124;
principles of his monastic rule, 147 sq. ;
defects of rule, 148 sq. ; granted land for
monastery, 202; cited, 259; and the
orthodoxy of the Irish Church, 500; 510;
in Scotland, 512 sq. , 526; 521; 527;
and the Frankish Church, 533 sq. ; 702
Columbus, bishop, acts as representative
of the pope in Africa, 252 sq.
Comacchio, taken by Lombards,
restored, 217; reoccupied, 219;
given up to the pope, 590; 693
Comenius (Komensky), John Amos, 458
Comentiolus, John, ambassador to Persia,
266; fails in his mission, 267; supersedes
Philippicus, 279; treachery of, 280, 284;
returns to his command, 281 ; slain, 284,
286
Commagene, ravaged by Persians, 29
Commendation, among the Franks, 151
Commentaries, the, of Julius Caesar, cited,
470
Commerce, Roman, under Justinian, 40 sqq. ;
Roman legislation upon, 90–98; decline
of, in Gaul, 155; Jews and, 156; of the
Vlakhs, 441; under Charles the Great,
657
Comminges, Gundobald besieged in, 122
215;
230;
## p. 840 (#872) ############################################
840
Indea:
Comneni, the, change the system of succes-
sion, 406
Como, Lake of, Cunincpert takes refuge on
an island in, 206; Ansprand finds a
refuge by, 211; 225
Compiègne, 117; consecration of Wilfrid at,
530, 555
Compsae, Goths capitulate at, 18
Conall Mac Comgaill, king of Dalriada, and
St Columba, 513
Conall, brother of Loigaire,
506
Concilium of the Three Gauls, 470
Condatis, god, 474
Connaught, St Patrick in, 507
Conrad, author of the Rolandslied, 605
Constance, 609
Constance, Lake of, Alemans on shores of,
110; St Columbanus reaches, 148
Constans II (Heraclius), Eastern Emperor,
attempts to expel the Lombards, 205,
394; murdered, ib. ; 206; defeated, 353,
393 sq. ; crowned, 392; treats with the
Arabs, 393; enters Rome, 394; death, 395;
military organisation under, 395 sqq. ;
and the Monothelete controversy,400sqq.
revival of Monophysitism in, 46; 50:
156, 263; Turks in the west of 253:
flight of Maurice to, 282; 283 sqq. ; 232:
Slav raids in, 296; Sahrbarāz in. 239:
330; Arab ion in, ch. xi passis.
365; 377; the Shi'ites in, 379; 331,394
413, 417,429,433, 462
Asia Minor, 46; the Persians in. 290;
Heraclius recovers, 293; 294, 329, 353.
379; Arabs in, 393, 412; 395 sq. ; Sists
settled in, 406; 407,410,437 note, 439,45.
Asnäm, Berbers defeated at, 377
Aspidius, King of Aregenses, 167
Assanam (Assuagin), Roderick said to have
taken refuge at, 185 note
Assyria, 298
Assyrians, 437 note
Asterius, Archbishop of Milan, consecrates
Birinus, 525
Asti, defeat of Frankish army near, 205
Asti, Duke of. See Gundoald
Astorga, resists Leovigild's attack, 165
Asturians, the, in insurrection, 167
Asturias, province, 166, 190; Christian
kingdom of, conquered by Charles the
Great, 604
Athalaric, grandson of Theodorie, king ºf
the Ostrogoths in Italy, 10; death, 14;
161, 643
Athanagild, King of Visigoths in Spain.
helped by Justinian, 19, 163; marriages
of daughters to Frankish kings, liº:
made king, 163; at war with Byzantines.
164; prosperous rule, ib. ; death, ii. .
165, 259; brought up at Constantinople
260, 283
Athanasius, St, Bishop of Alexandria, cited.
498, 500; 688
Athanasius, Patriarch, and the religious
controversy, 398
Athanasius, patrician, 291; ambassador tº
the Avars, 295
## p. 829 (#861) ############################################
Indea:
829
Athelocus, Arian Bishop of Narbonne, con-
spires against Recared, 172
Athens, university closed, 44, 236
Athraelon, meeting of Persian and Roman
envoys at, 274
Atlantic Ocean, the, boundary of Visigothic
kingdom, 159; 166, 369, 459, 615, 685
Atlas Mts, 369
Atropatene, ceded, 406
Atrpatakan, ravaged by
Heraclius in, 298
Attewall (? Ad Murum), Sigebert and Peada
baptised at, 529
Attigny, Widukind baptised at, 612
Attila, King of the Huns, 435
Atzuppius, father of Pope Leo III, 703
Auch, diocese of, included in Frankish
kingdom, 160
Auchindavy, inscription at, 476
Aud, 494
Audoin, King of the Lombards, 195
Audovera, wife of Chilperic, executed,
120
Audus, god, 473
Augila, oasis of, 44
Augsburg, 533
Augusta, fort at, 33
Augustine, St (Aurelius Augustinus), Bishop
of Hippo, Gregory the Great studies the
works of, 237; 618; 628
Augustine, St, first Archbishop of Canter-
bury, his mission to the English, 124,
254 sq. , 496, 516, 697; consecrated,
255; 516 and note; 260; authenticity of
Epistles of, discussed, 517; his questions
addressed to the Pope, 517 sq. ; and the
British Church, 519 sq. ; his gift of
miracles, 520; death, 521; conflicting
views of character, ib. ; 528, 537, 542,
573 sq.
Augustus, C. Octavius, Emperor, 67, 73,
74 sq. , 79, 82, 105 sq. , 108, 194, 467,
706
Augustus (Augulus), legendary British saint,
498
Chazars, 297;
Aurasius, Mt, Kusaila defeated at, 369;
the Kāhina victorious at, 370
Aures Mts, revolt in, 13; 22
Aus, the, at perpetual feud with the Khazraj,
312; and the election of Abū Bakr, 333
Ausinia, goddess, 486
Ausonius, cited, 460
Aust, Augustine probably at, 519
Austerfield, synod held at, 562
Austrasia, Brunhild escapes to, 121; rule
of Brunhild in, 122 sq. ; Mayor of the
Palace for, instituted, 124; rule of Dago-
bert in, 125; 126; Wulfoald, Mayor of
the Palace in, 127; Charles Martel in,
128; conferred on Carloman, 130; 136,
138; 141, 199; Three Chapters Schism
in, 206; 256; slow decline of heathenism
in, 532; synod held in, 539; 549; be-
queathed to Charles the Great, 594 sq. ,
701; Boniface in, 698; 699, 702, 706
Austrasians, the, and Brunhild, 122 sq. ;
and Dagobert, 125; rise against Grimoald,
126; 199
Austria, 609
Autchar (Ogier), duke, envoy of Pepin to
the Pope, 583
Authari (Flavius), elected king of the
Lombards, 199; successes of, 200;
marries Theodelinda, ib. ; death, 201;
treatment of Catholics, 202
Authenticum, 62
Autonomus the Martyr, shrine of, Maurice
lands at, 282; Theodosius taken from,
284
Autun, captured by Ebroin, 127; Gregory's
reproofs to the bishop, 257 sq. ; 259
Autun, Bishops of. See Leodegar, Syagrius
Auvergne, 114, 160; Pepin conquers, 593
Auxerre, St Patrick at, 504
Auxerre, Bishop of. See Germanus
Avars, the, spread westward, 31; 34 sqq. ;
51; form alliance with the Lombards,
195, 201, 250, 268; invade Italy, 203;
flight of Perctarit to, 205; help Grimoald,
ib. ; at war with Eastern Empire, 242;
embassy of, to Justin II, 266; 267;
claim Sirmium, 268; defeat Tiberius,
269; make peace with Rome, ib. ; 273;
rise against the Empire, 275; take
Sirmium, 276; 280; many desert to
Roman army, 281 ; Phocas increases
payments to, 285; treacherously attack
Constantinople, 291 sq. ; make a treaty
with Heraclius, 292; besiege Constanti-
nople, 295 sq. ; ravages of, 296; 297,
300; make peace with the Empire, 398;
428, 432; and the Slavs, 435 sqq. ;
conquer Hungary, 436; transplant Slav
nations, 437 sqq. ; end of nation, 440;
441; in Thuringia, 442 note; 443 sqq. ;
revolt of Slovenes from, 449; 450 sqq. ,
534, 597, 602, 605; and Tassilo of
Bavaria, 607; 608; Rings of, 609; help
the Saxons, 613; acknowledge Charles
the Great, 615; 665, 667
Avenches (Aventicum), 460
Avignon, 1. 12; taken by Theodoric, 117;
retaken from Arabs, 129
Avitus, Bishop of Vienne, and Clovis, 112 ;
poetical work of, 117
Avon, River (Worcestershire), 543
Axum, 35, 41
Axumitae, 34, 271
Azov, Sea of (Palus Maeotis), Avars to the
north of, 31; 41; the Slavs on, 427 sq.
Baalbek, taken by Muslims, 344
Baanes, general, defeated, 342; proclaimed
emperor by troops, 343
Babylon in Egypt, taken by the Persians,
290; taken by the Arabs, 350 sq. ; 357
Babylonia. See ‘Iråk
Badr, battle of, 317 sq.
Baduarius, patrician, son-in-law of Justin II,
defeated by Lombards, 198; supports
## p. 830 (#862) ############################################
830
Index
accession of Justin n, 264; commands
against Lombards and Aran, 268
Baetica, partly tmder Visigothic rule, 159,
163; 168; Catholic insurrection in, 169
Bagai, 370
Bagandae. the, of Tarragona, revolt against
Alaric, 161
Bagdad, 378, 389, 592; Pepin sends am-
bassadors to, 604; 615
Bagrevand, canton of, 274
Bahila, the, tribe of Central Arabia, 334
Bahrain, 336, 348
Bahrain Cobin, governor of Media, defeats
Shaweh Shah, 279; conspires against
Ormizd, 280; supported by troops, ib. ;
pat to flight, ib.
Baian, Khagan of the Avars, makes alliance
with Alboin, 268, 436; negotiates with
Borne, ib. ; makes peace, 269; takes
Sirminm, 276; transplants Slav nations,
437 sq. ; 440, 443 sq.
Baisan (Bethshan), Muslims occupy, 342
Baithene, Abbot of Iona, 526
Bakewell, 473
Bakka. See Mecca
Bakr ibn 'Abd-Manat, Bedouin tribe, 324
Bakr ibn Wall, tribe, 337 sqq. , 348
Balacayas, son of Julian (Urban), apostasy
of, 186
Balder, 485
Balearic Islands, imperial rule established
in, 14, 19, 158; 283; under Frankish
rule, 606
Balkan Mts, Huns in, 36; limit of Bulgarian
kingdom, 440; 633
Balkan peninsula, the, defence of, 33;
ravaged by barbarians, 50; Slavs spread
over, 439 sq. , 445
Balneum Begis, occupied by Lombards, 202
Baltic Sea, the, 419, 426 sq. , 432, 436; limit
of Avar power, 438; 442, 444, 453 sq. ;
limit of Boleslav's kingdom, 455; 456, 614
Balto-Slavonic group, the, 418
Balto-Slavs, the, original home of, 418 sq.
Baits, the, location of, 418, 432
Bamberg, 452
Bam borough, capital of Bemicia, 510, 526,
545; relics of Oswald at, 546
Baneh, 299
Banffshire, 513
Bangor, Bishop of. See Daniel
Banksteed, inscription at, 475
Banon (Banona), goddess, 477
Banu Hanifa, the, 335 sq.
Banu Hashim, clan to which Mahomet
belonged, 304; refuse to desert Mahomet,
311 and note; 359
Banu abi 1-Husain, 388
Banu Kainuka', Jewish clan, banished from
Medina, 318
Banu Midrar, independent Berber dynasty,
378
Banu-n-Nadir, Jewish clan, besieged, 319;
banished from Medina, ib. ; conquered
by Mahomet, 323
Banu Bustam, independent Berber dynasty,
378
Banu SaSda, 333
Banu Shaiban, tribe, 337 sq.
Banu Umayya, 317
Barbate (Guadibeca), River, 185
Barcelona, Gisalic flees to, 161; John of
Biclar banished to, 169; 179 ; on trade
route, 191; 592, 604; taken by the
Franks, 606
Bardengau, the, first home of the Lombards.
194; Charles the Great in, 612
Bardney, Aethelred a monk at, 562
Bards (Bardi), the, Gallic poets, 471
Barbill, 473
Bari, taken by Saracens, 384; 385; becomes
an independent state, 386; recovered by
Byzantines, 387
Barka, taken by Saracens, 351, 366; 367,
369, 377, 380
Barrel, god, 473
Basil I, Eastern Emperor, defeats the
Saracens, 387
Basil, St, Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia,
and the monasteries in Gaul, 147
Basil, Bishop of Gortyna, at Trullan
Council, 408
Basques, the, 119; St Amandus preaches
to, 125, 534; attack the Frankish army
at Bonctsvalles, 605; retain their native
dukes, 677
Basques, duke of the, 125
Basra, Saracens at, 347 sq. , 351; Camel
battle near, 356; 368
Basris, the, in Khuzistan, 348; oppose
Ali, 356; 359
Bastania Malagnefia (Bastetania), attacked
by Leovigild, 166
Bastarnae, conquer the Slavs, 430 sq.
Bastetani, 167
Bath (Aquae Sulis), inscriptions at, 476,
479
Bathildis, Frankish queen, revokes poll-tax,
140
Batnae, 393
Battersea, 572
Batuecas, 166
Bavaria, Agilolfings supreme in, 128; and
Charles Martel, 129; suzerainty of, con-
ferred on Carloman, 130; Christianity
preached in, 148, 533 sq. ; 196, 204; and
Boniface, 537 sqq. , 698; 593 sq. ; Ber-
trada in, 595; allied with Francia, 596;
Franks invade, 597; relations with
Charles the Great, 606 sq. ; included in
Frankish empire, 607 sq.
Bavaria, Garibald, Duke of, marries Lom-
bard princess, 195; 200
Hncbert, Duke of, under Frankish
suzerainty, 538
Odilo, Duke of, resigns territory
to Carloman and Pepin, 131; and the
Church, 538; defeated, 539
Tassilo, Duke of, marries Lint-
perga, daughter of Desiderius the
## p. 831 (#863) ############################################
Indear
831
Lombard, 218, 595; 602; and Charles
the Great, 606 sq. ; deposed, 607; ac-
cused of Herisliz, ib. ; made a monk,
ib. ; character, 608; 677
Bavaria, Teutpert, Duke of,
Ansprand, 211
Theodo, Duke of, and church or-
ganisation, 538
Bavarians, the, 119 ; date of law of, 138;
and the Lombards, 195; fight the Slavs,
203; 206; and the Avars, 439; massacre
Bulgar horde, 442 sq. ; 444, 449, 539,
608, 633, 672
Bayeux, Saxon pirates at, 110; military
colony at, 141
Bazas, captured by Clovis, 114, 160
Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury,
261
Bede, the Wenerable, school founded by,
158; cited, 237,254 sq. ,486,491,496 sq. ,
509, 512 sq. , 516 and note, 517, 519 sq. ,
523 sq. , 526 sq. , 529 sqq. , 543 sqq. ,
550 sqq. , 555 sqq. , 558 sqq. , 564 sq. ,
574, 645; and the letters of Gregory the
Great, 241 ; 511, 536, 541 ; his account
of Edwin of Deira, 543; at Jarrow, 562,
573; 563; life and work, 574
Bedfordshire, 545
Bedouins, the, trade with the Meccans, 304;
form an alliance with the Kuraish, 319;
at the siege of Medina, 320; help the
Meccans, 322, 324; in Mahomet's army,
324; at the battle of Hunain, 325;
340
Begga, daughter of Pepin of Landen, marries
Ansegis, 126
Beja, a fortress of Justinian, 22
Bejar (Pax Julia), Andeca banished to, 170
Beklal (? Beit-Germa), Heraclius reaches,
298
Belatucadrus, god, 473, 475
Belenus (Bélènos), a god of the Kelts, 462
Beleos, family of, 197
Belgae, 459, 471
Belgica Secunda, 110
Belgium, 463
Belgrade (Singidunum), Justinian's castle
at, 33; 276
Belisāma, goddess, 476
Belisarius, distrusted by Justinian, 3; on
Asiatic frontier, 7; quells the Nika Riot,
9; 11; conquers Wandals in Africa, 12 sq. ;
honours, 13; 14; successes in Italy,
15 sq. ; refuses Gothic offer, 16; fails
to recover Italy, 17; 21 ; and Theodora,
26, 30, 46; at Dara, 28; at Callinicum,
ib. ; and the second Persian war, 29;
saves Constantinople from the Huns, 31;
disgraced (562), 51; 225, 263 sq. , 642
Belley, bishopric established at, 142
Bencius, cousin of Roderick, defeated by
Arabs, 185
Benedict I, Pope, gives permission for
Gregory's mission to the English, 237;
recalls him, ib. ; death, 238
shelters
Benedict, St, spread of rule of, 148 sq. ,
237; 235
Benedict Biscop, and church music, 524;
granted land to found Wearmouth, 558;
educational work of, 573
Benefice, beneficium, origin of, 153; among
the Slavs, 445; Teutonic, 645–9
Beneventans (Beneventines), the,
601 sq. , 702
Benevento, city, Romuald besieged in, 205,
394; religious houses founded in, 206;
Liutprand at, 212, 214; remains neutral,
219; Saracens admitted to, 384; taken
by Louis II, 385 sq. ; 387
Benevento, duchy of, founded, 198; 204;
under same government as North Italy,
205; right of coinage in, 208; jurisdiction
in, 209; 211; nobles choose Godescalc,
213; 217; preserves its independence
after Frankish conquest, 220 sq. ; attacks
Naples, 383; divided into two princi-
palities, 384; disturbances in, 386; in-
vaded by Constans II, 394; awarded
by Pepin to the Pope, 588, 599; rises in
revolt, 590; subdued, 591; 597; pros-
perity and importance under Arichis,
601 ; 602; encroachments of, 693, 702;
694
Benevento, Arichis, Duke of, increases his
territory, 201; and the duchy of Friuli,
203; death, 204; threatens Naples, 244
— Arichis II, Duke of, made duke by
Desiderius, 217; marries Adelperga, ib. ;
theoretically king of the Lombards, 220;
conspires against Charles the Great, 600;
independence of, 601; comes to terms,
ib. ; death, 602
Gisulf, Duke of, in the power of Liut-
prand, 212; the duchy restored to, 214
Godescalc, Duke of, opposes Liutprand,
130, 213, 695; surrenders, 214; makes
alliance with Gregory II, 695; and with
Gregory III, ib.
Grimoald, Duke of, son of Arichis of
Benevento, offered as a hostage, 601;
made duke, 602
— Liutprand, Duke of, driven away by
Desiderius, 217
— Radelchis, Duke of, and the Saracens,
384
— Romuald, Duke of, son of Grimoald,
negotiates with imperialists, 205, 394;
becomes Duke of Benevento, 206; treats
with Perctarit, ib. ; takes Brindisi and
Tarento, 693
— Romuald II, Duke of, and Gregory II,
212; death, ib.
— Sikard, Duke of, besieges Naples, 383;
death, 384
— Zotto, Duke of, establishes himself at
Benevento, 198
Bensington, captured by Wulfhere, 553;
battle of, 564
Benwell, inscriptions at, 473, 476, 479
Berāzrūd Canal, 298
216,
## p. 832 (#864) ############################################
832
Index
Berbers, the, revolt of, 18; subdued, 14;
23, 35; revolt against Ma'ddite rule, 129;
183, 227; make peace with the Empire,
267; 283, 287; accept Islam, 365 sq. ;
support the patricius Gregory, 367; and
'Ukba, 368 ; successes of, against Sara-
cens, 369; policy of Hassan towards,
370; invade Spain, 871 sq. ; in Gaul,
374; at feud with the Arabs, 375 sq. ;
rise against the Arabs, 377; form inde-
pendent states, 378; 380, 382, 387;
hostile to the Arabs in Sicily, 389
Berotgils (Boniface), Bishop of Dunwiob,
528
Berctwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, abbot
of Beculver, 558 sq. ; made archbishop,
559 ; holds a synod, 562
Bergamo, 644
Bergamo, Bothari, Duke of, aspires to the
throne, 211; killed, ib.
Berhta, wife of Aethelberht of Kent, 255,
515
Berkshire, 552, 572
Berlin, 482
Bermudo II, of Spain, 190
Bernard, St, 261
Bernard, uncle of Charles the Great, leads
an army over the Alps, 598
Bernard, grandson of Charles the Great,
appointed under-king of Italy, 624, 659
Bernioia, kingdom of, 510 sq. ; joined to
Deira, 522, 545; Faulinus in, 523; and
the northern missionaries, 526; 527,
544; separated from Deira, 546; 554;
two sees for, 656
Bernicians, the, defeated, 522
Berny-Biviere (Brennacum), villa of Mero-
vingian kings at, 110
Berri, conquered by Pepin, 593
Bertefried, Austrasian noble, attacks Brun-
hild, 122
Bertha, daughter of Charles the Great, 663
Berthar, Mayor of the Palace in Neustria,
defeated at Tertry, 127
Bertoald, Mayor of the Palace, 157
Bertrada, widow of Pepin III, seeks alliance
with Lombard royal family, 218, 596,
701; 219; blessed by Stephen III, 699
Bertramn, Bishop of Le Mans, leaves
property to his see, 144
Berytus, law school at, 61
Besancon, united to see of Lyons, 145; 148
Beuvray, Mt, 460
Bewcastle, 475
Bex, Burgundians victorious near, 198
Beziers, fortifications destroyed, 129; 162,
179; Arabs expelled from, 682
Bibracte, capital of the Aedui, 460
Bieda, attaoked by Lombards, 219
Bilal the Abyssinian, a convert of Mahomet,
310
Bilin, 450
Birdoswald, inscriptions at, 475 sq.
Birinus, Bishop of Dorchester on Thames,
apostle of Wessex, 525, 546
Birrens, inscription at, 476
Birtha, king of. See Lucius Aelius
Bishr, brother of 'Abbas, 415
Biskra, 369
BiBsonnum, 158
Bithynia, 416
Bizerta, 370
Bizye, Maximus in exile at, 403
Blachernae, shrine of the Virgin at, un-
harmed by Avars, 296; mutineers enter
through gate of, 410; Tiberius in church
of the Virgin at, 413 sq. ; rebels enter by
gate of, 416
Black Death, the, 530
Blackmoorland, inscription at, 474
Black Sea, the (Euxine), Justinian holds
the sea-board against the Persians, 30;
32 sq. ; trade on, 41, 155; 266; Persian
troops reach, 292; 419 sq. , 427, 430, 435,
437 note, 500
Bleatarn, 475
Bleda, castle of, taken by Liutprand, 213
Blemmyea, 35
Blenkinsop Castle, inscription at, 476
Blues, the, faction, struggle with the Greens,
1, 51; support Justinian, 7 sq. ; and the
Nika Biot, 8 sq. ; and the Emperor
Maurice, 281 sq. ; in Antioch and other
cities, 285,287 ; standard of, burnt, 288;
and Justinian II, 409; proclaim Leon-
tius, 410
Boann, goddess, 478
Bobbio, River, 202
Bobbio, monastery of, founded by St
Columbanue, 148
Bodb Catha, Irish war-goddess, 477
Bohmerwald, 462; boundary of the empire
of Charles the Great, 614 sq.
Boethiug, Anicius Manlius Severinas, put
to death, 6
Boethius (Boece), Hector, writes a history
of Scotland, 509
Bohemia, centre of a Slav kingdom, 155;
the Avars in, 436; 487, 442, 445;
Pfemysl prince in, 450; 452 sq. , 067
Bohemians, the, 420, 453; names of clans
among, 454 note; 457
Boisil, Prior of Melrose Abbey, death of,
529
Boleslav Ehrobry, 455
Bologna, Theudibert at, 119; Lombard
boundary extended to, 212; 213, 228,
693
Bonakis, general, defeats the troops of
Phocas, 287
Boniface, St (Winfrid, Bonifatius), Arch-
bishop of Mainz, 128 sq. ; receives in-
vestiture from the Pope, 130; probably
present at consecration of Pepin, 131;
submits Germanic converts to the papacy,
146; ecclesiastical reform of, 149; and
the letters of Gregory the Great, 241,
517 ; cited, 421; 523, 532 sq. ; letter to,
cited, 534; 535; at Borne, 536; in
Frisia, ib. ; consecrated, 537; work of,
## p. 833 (#865) ############################################
Indea: 833
537–541; made archbishop, 588, 698;
councils held by, 539 sq. ; leaves Fulda,
541 ; death, ib. ; burial, ib. ; importance
of his work, 541 sq. , 576; anoints Pepin,
581, 659; 583, 592, 616, 647, 697 sqq. ,
702
oniface IV, Pope, and Columbanus, 500
oniface V, Pope, 618
onifacius, Earl of Tyrrhenia, raids North
African coast, 381
onneuil, 115 -
ionosus, Count of the East, sent to quell
riot in Antioch, 286; and in Jerusalem,
287; defeats forces of Heraclius, ib. ;
driven from Egypt, ib. ; killed, 288
Honus, general, holds Sirmium against the
Avars, 268; recalled, 269; 292; negotiates
with the Avars, 295; holds Constantinople
against the barbarians, 296
took of Deer, the, cited, 513
3ook of Edifices, the, lauds Justinian, 2
}ook of Leinster, the, cited, 478
Sorbo, 460
}ordeaux (Burdigala), Ruricius at, 113;
captured by Clovis, 114, 160; taken by
Arabs, 129; a metropolitan see, 145;
trade of, 156; origin of, 460
Bordeaux, Bishop of. See Leontius
Borut, duke of the Carinthians, 449
Bosham (Bosanham), monastery founded
at, 530
Bosphorus, the, 39, 413
Bosporus, port, trading centre, 41; taken
by Turks, 276; 411
Bothuele, Abbot of Dunfermline, 509
Bougival, origin of name, 152
Bourbon, 460
Bourbonne-les-Bains, inscription at, 475
Bourges, a metropolitan see, 145
Brabant, 126
Bracara. See Braga
3raciaca, god, 473
Bradford-on-Avon, battle of, 552
Braga (Bracara), victory of Leovigild at,
170
Braga, Bishop of. See Martin
Braganza, province, 166
Bran, the voyage of, 478
Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa, compiler of
the code of Reces winth, 179; 192
Bredon, 573
Bremen, church built in, 613
Brennacum. See Berny-Rivière
Brescia, held by Goths, 18; dukedom of,
seized by Alahis of Tridentum, 206;
474
Brest, 119
Brest Litovsk, 419
Bretons, the, retain their native dukes,
677
Bretwalda, explanation of term, 543
Breviarium Alarici, 58, 113, 138, 160;
abolished, 178
Brexillum, Drocton, Duke of, assists im-
perialists, 199
c. MEd. h. vol. ii.
Bridge, battle of the, 339, 346
Bridget, St. , 498 sq.
Brie, abbey in, see Faremoutier-en-Brie
Brigantes, the, 473
Brigantia, goddess, 476
Bºº. connected by legend with St Patrick,
50
Brigit, goddess, 476 sq.
Brindisi (Brundusium), occupied by Lom-
bards, 205; burnt by Saracens, 383;
taken by Duke of Benevento, 693
Britain, Kelts driven from, 118; Gregory
plans the conversion of, 237; 252;
Augustine's mission to,254sqq. ; druidism
in, 470 sq. ; Keltic heathenism in,
ch. xv (B) passim; Christianity brought
into,496–502; 509 sq. ; 514; bishops of,
; Augustine, 518 sqq. ; 574, 635, 697,
British Church, the, origin of, 496 sq. ;
orthodoxy of, 500 sq. ; remains left by,
501; and Augustine, 518 sqq. ; and
Laurentius, 521
British Isles, the, Keltic heathemism in,
ch. xv (b) passim; 615
British Museum, the, Arabian papyri in,
cited, 373; M. S. in, 512
Britons, the, sub-divisions of, 118; 462,
484, 499, 509, 514, 519; antagonism to
English, 520; beaten at Chester, 521;
522; Wulfhere defeats, 552; 571
Brittany, Kelts established in, 118; 141;
593; native dukes continue in, 677
Brixen (Seben), ancient bishopric of,
225
Brixworth, Roman remains at, 501
Brougham Castle, inscription at, 475
Bro-Waroch, 119
Brude Mac Maelchon, King of the Picts,
and St Columba, 513
Bruide, King of the Picts, 559
Brunhild (Brunehaut), daughter of Athana-
gild, marries Sigebert, 120, 164; escapes
to Austrasia, 121; her struggle with the
nobles, 122; regency, 122 sq. ; death,
123; and Columbanus, 124, 148; cha-
racter of rule, 124; and Augustine's
mission, 124, 254 sq. , 259; and Gregory
the Great, ib. , 146, 254, 257 sq. , 576;
156; 168, 200
Brunisberg, Frankish army reaches, 611
Bruttium,228, 232; held by the Byzantines,
698
Bu’āth, Day of, battle, 312
Bucelin, chief of the Alemanni, invades
Italy, 18
Buchan, 513
Buchanan, Maurice, Liber Pluscardensis of,
509
Buckinghamshire, 553, 572
Büraburg, diocese of, formed, 538; 540
Büraburg, Bishop of. See Witta
Bulgăr, 429
Bulgaranus, count, 192
Bulgars, Bulgarians, settled on the Danube,
53
## p. 834 (#866) ############################################
834
Index
30; predatory expedition of, 31; 35;
besiege Constantinople, 295; 428 sq. ;
in the Pontes steppe, 435 sq. ; 437 note,
439 sq. , 442; settle in Italy, 443; 444 sq. ,
451 sq. ; defeat imperial forces (680), 405,
(689) 406, (708) 412; 411, 413; threaten
Constantinople, 414 sq. ; 443
Borcbard, Bishop of Wurzburg, ambassador
of Pepin to Pope Zaeharias, 131, 581;
538 sq.
Bnrdigala. See Bordeaux
Burdurellus, chief of the Bagaud&e, captured
and slain, 161
Borford, West Saxon raid reaches, 564
Burgh Castle, 524
Burgh-by-Sands, inscription at, 476
Burgondians, the, extend their territory,
109; 110 sq. ; attacked by Clovis, 112;
join Salian Franks, 114; defeated by
Franks and Ostrogoths, 117; character-
istics, 118; 138, 141, 159 sqq. , 198, 491;
633, 672
Burgundy, kingdom of, code of laws for,
57; dual role in, 109; Gundobad usurps
sole power in, 112; 116; seized by sons
of Clovis, 117 sq. ; Mayor of Palace for,
instituted, 124; rule of Dagobert in, 125;
126; straggle of Ebroin and Leodegar in,
127; Charles Martel supreme in, 128;
conferred on Pepin, 130; 136 sq. , 256,
524, 549, 584, 592; assigned to Carloman,
595; 640
Bust, Amir, reaches the Oasis of Jufra,
366; raidsIsauria, 393; ravages Hexapolis,
396; 397
Busta Gallomm, 17
Bawaib, Muslims victorious at, 346
Byzacena, revolt in, 13; included in the
Empire, 14; forms a military district,
21 ; fortresses in, 22; 35; 224
Buzakha, battle of, 336
Byzantine Empire. See Empire
Byzantines (Greeks), the, and the conquest
of Italy, 18, 118; form a province in
Spain, 19; and the Persian wars, 28 sqq. ;
and the silk trade, 41; 119; merchants
among, 156; in Africa and Spain, 163 sqq. ;
Hermenegild intrigues with, 169 sq. ,259;
and Becared, 171 sq. ; defeated by Sisebut,
173; relinquish the Algarves, 175 ; in-
fluence of, on Visigoths, 191; remnants
of territory in Italy, 232; relation of
Venice to, 234; 235; 261; routed near
Antioch, 289; victorious at Mu'ta, 323 sq. ;
326 sq. ; defeated in Syria, 340 sqq. ;
defeated in Egypt, 349 sqq. ; oppose the
Saracens in North Africa, eh. xn passim;
and trade in slaves, 429; 431, 444, 481,
575; plot against the Franks, 601; de-
feated, 602; 608; and the question of
image-worship, 616 sq. ; and the corona-
tion of Charles the Great, 622 sqq. ; 686,
689; abandon the Exarchate, 691 sqq. ;
700
Byzantium. See Constantinople
Cacco. son of Gisulf of Friuli, eseapee from
the Avars, 203; fights the Slavs, ib.
Caceres, supports Hermenegild, 169
Cacorizus, chamberlain, commands fleet,
393
Cadiz, province, 185
Cadwalader, King of Gwynedd, allied with
Penda, 527, 546
Cadwallon, King of Gwynedd, victories of,
525, 544; slain, 525, 545; 527
Caedmon of Whitby, 574
Caelestius, missionary to Ireland, 500, 504
Caerleon-upon-Csk, 497 sq.
Caerwent, remains of temple at, 479
Caesar, Julius, 78, 459 sq. ; cited, 462 sqq. ,
630 sq. , 639
Caesarea in Bithynia, Bishop of. See
Theodosius
Caesarea in Cappadocia, 274; Persians in,
285, 288; the Bomans recover, 289 sq. ;
Heraclius assembles his army at, 293;
forced to pay tribute, 393; 394
Caesarea in Cappadocia, Bishops of. See
Basil, Theodore Askidas
Caesarea in Mauretania, 224
Caesarea in Palestine (Kaisariya), law
school suppressed, 61; 287; Persians at,
290; and the Arab invasion, 341, 343;
taken, 345; 349
Caesarius, Bishop of Aries, founds monas-
teries, 147
Caesena, castles of, occupied by Liutprand.
214
Cahors, 125
Cahors, Bishop of. See Didier
Cairo, 350; founded, 379; 389
Caisselire, church founded at, 506
Calabria, ducatus of, 228,232 sq. ; Saracens
attack, 383 sq.
; Saracens expelled from,
387 sq. ; 539; Byzantines defeated in,
602; 693
Calendar, the sacred, of the Arabs, 326 sq.
Caliphs, Caliphate, the, 330 sq. ; origin of
title, 333; 339; at Damascus, 346; 353,
365; foreign policy of, 373; 376, 378,
386
Calistus, Patriarch of Aquileia, quarrels
with Pemmo of Friuli, 213
Calleva Atrebatum. See Silohester
Callinieum, battle of, 28; fort at, 33; 265;
taken by the Persians, 288
Callinicus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
409; crowns Leontius, 410; blinded and
banished, 411
Callinicus, exarch, concludes an armistice
with the Lombards, 201; welcomed by
Gregory, 249; renews war, 250
Callinicus, Syrian architect, invents Greek
fire, 397
Calonymus, island, Heraclius at, 288
Calor, River, Constans II defeated on, 394
Camacha, fortress, 397; taken by Arabs,
412
Cambodunum, Campodunum. See Slack
Camboses, Arab leader, 267
## p. 835 (#867) ############################################
Indea:
835
Cambrai, 128
Cambridge, statutes of the thanes gild in,
cited, 636
Cambyses, 689
Camel battle, the, 356 sq.
Camelorigi, 473
Camillus, 17
Campagna, the, devastated by Lombards,
213, 216, 243; 248
Campania, the, Totila in, 16; Narses in,
18; 231, 234
Campulus, sacellarius, plans the attack on
Leo III, 703
Campus madius (Mayfield), annual assembly,
135, 581, 669
Campus martius (Marchfield), annual as-
sembly, 135, 581, 669
Campus Wocladensis. See Wouglé
Camulodunum (Camalodunum). See Col-
chester
Camulorigho, 473
Camulos (Camalos), god, 473
Candida Casa, Bishop of. See Ninian
Candidus, presbyter, represents Gregory
the Great in Gaul, 146
Cantabri, Cantabrians, the, insurrection of,
167; 459
Cantabria, 159, 162, 191
Cantabria, Fafila (Fairla), Duke of, ban-
ished and slain, 182
Canterbury, Augustine at, 516–519; Raed-
wald baptised at, 521; 527, 557; and
Offa, 565; school of, founded, 573; and
the see of Rome, 697
Canterbury, Bishops and Archbishops of.
See Augustine, Becket, Berctuald, Cuth-
bert, Frithonas, Honorius, Justus,
Laurentius, Tatwin, Theodore, Wighard
Canute. See Knut
Capitulare Heristallense, 670
Cappadocia, 39; the Persians occupy, 285;
Priscus commands in, 288; 293. ; Walen-
tine in, 392; 395 sq. ; Arabs in, 417
Capsa, 224
Capua, Alemanni defeated near, 18; plun-
dered by Saracens, 386; Constans II
threatens, 394; Charles the Great ad-
vances to, 601
Capua, Count of, helps Grimoald of Bene-
vento, 204
Caput-Vada, Belisarius lands at, 12
Caracalla, Emperor, 87
Caralis, Lake, 396
Carantani, 445
Carantania (pagus Crauuti), 437, 443, 452,
608
Sq.
Carbonaria, island, Baian and Theognis
negotiate on, 276
Carcassonne, captured by Ostrogoths, 114,
161; bishopric established at, 142; Arab
army reaches, 605
Carinthia, peasant duke in, 446, 448;
452; work of St Amandus in, 534; 608
Carinthians, the, and their peasant princes,
449, 457
Carisiacum. See Quierzy-sur-Oise
Carlisle (Luguvallium), 472 sq. , 475
Carloman, son of Charles Martel, receives
half the kingdom, 130, 699; becomes a
monk, 131, 541, 576, 699; and the
reform of the Frankish Church, 146;
sent as ambassador to Pepin, 216, 584;
and Boniface, 539 sq. ; 580 sq. ; goes to
Monte Cassino, 583; 586; and the land
of the Church, 646
Carloman, son of Pepin III, dies, 219, 701;
Charles the Great seizes realm of, ib. ;
widow and children of, take refuge with
Desiderius, 219 sq. , 701; anointed king,
584; 589; inherits half the kingdom,
594 sq. , 701; crowned king, ib. ; death,
596, 701; 599; 670; blessed by Ste-
phen III, 699
Carloman, West Frankish king, description
of the court of Charles the Great written
for, 668 sq.
Carlovingians. See Carolingians
Carlsburg, built, 611
cºmm Liber, of Wenantius Fortunatus,
1
Carmona, resists Arab attack, 372
Carnarvonshire, 472
Carnavalet Museum, Paris, statuette of
Charles the Great in, 626
Carniola, Župans in, 446, 448
Carnutes, the, 464, 468, 470
Carolingians (Carlovingians), the, 130, 135,
581, ch. xx passim, 706
Carpathian Mts, 418, 426, 430, 432, 435,
487; boundary of Bulgarian kingdom,
440; 442
Carpentras, taken by Theodoric, 117
Carrarich, King of the Sueves, 165 sq.
Carrawburgh, Keltic remains near, 479
Carrhae, fort at, 33
Carteya, taken by Muslims, 184
Carthage, taken by Belisarius, 12 sq. ; re-
built, 24; 224; church council held at,
252; death of Ingundis at, 259; 291,
366; and the patricius Gregory, 367;
and Dinár, 368; taken by the Saracens,
369; lost and retaken, 370; 381; Arabs
driven from, 410
Carthage, Bishop of. See Dominicus
Carthagena, taken by imperialists, 19; 170;
on trade route, 191
Carthagena, Bishop of. See Licinianus
Carthaginensis, held in part by Visigoths,
159, 164
Carthaginians, the, 463, 468
Carvoran, inscriptions at, 475 sq.
Cashel, Bishop of. See Cormac
Casia, island, Avars and Romans negotiate
on, 276
Caspian (Caucasian) Gates, Huns in, 28
Caspian Sea, the, 41, 427 sq.
Cassian, 147
Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, cited, 160
Castellane (civitas Salinensium), 142
Castlesteads, inscription at, 475
53–2
## p. 836 (#868) ############################################
836
Index
Castor and Pollux, 485
Castrogiovanni, resists Arab attack, 382;
390
Catalonia, 167
Catholicism, Hermenegild refuses to abjure,
170; Becared'e conversion to. 171 sq. ,
259; becomes religion of Visigothic state,
172,260; influences Visigothic legislation,
189; hastens extinction of Visigothic
language, 192; Arian bishop of Pavia
converted to, 204; spreads throughout
Italy, 206; 239; spreads among the
Lombards, 250
Catholics, the, protected by Justinian, 5,
44; persecuted by Vandals in Africa,
9 sq. ; 48; offended by Justinian's
policy, 49; and Clovis, 112, 160; and
Agila, 163; and Athanagild, 164; and
the conversion of Hermenegild, 168;
Leovigild's treatment of, 169; strong
position of, in Spain, 171 sq. ; Jewish
children to be married to, 181 ; favoured
by Theodelinda's government, 202; and
Aripert, 204
Catterick, 523
Caucasus Mts, Roman influence over tribes
in, 7, 28; send recruits to imperial army,
11; Huns in, 28; 29sq. , 35; 279; Hera-
clius finds allies in, 294, 297; 349, 353;
form boundary of Caliph's territory, 354;
406, 416, 427
Cavaillon, taken by Theodoric, 117
Ceadwalla, King of Wessex, rise of, 559 sq. ;
baptism, 560; death, ib. ; 561, 563, 566
Ceaiius, god, 473
Ceccano, castle of, taken by Lombards, 215
Cedd, brother of Chad, missionary to
Mercia, 528; consecrated bishop for
Essex, 529, 546; death, ib. ; 547
Celestine I, Pope, 500; sends Palladius to
Ireland, 502 sq.
Celin, chaplain to Aethelwald of Deira,
529
Cell Muine, Britons of, 499
Celtic Church in Britain and Ireland, of
Prof. Zimmern, cited, 505
(Jems, Mt, 216 sq. , 220, 225, 589, 598
Cenn Cruaich (Crom Cruaich), idol, de-
stroyed, 478, 506
Centwine, West Saxon prince, forced to
become a monk, 560
Ceollach, Bishop of the Middle Angles and
the Mercians, 528
Ceolred, King of Mercia, 563
Cephallenia, 413
Cerdic, strife in the house of, 560
Ceuta (Septem), Justinian holds, 14, 19,
22; taken by Theudis, 163; 183, 224;
included in Mauretania Secunda, 227,
283; 371; Philagrius banished to, 391
Cevennes Mts, form boundary of Septimania,
160, 581, 692
Ceylon, exports of, 41; 53
Chad, St, abbot of Lastingham,429; bishop
of York, 530 555
Chalcedon, Avar embassy sent to, 266;
Kardarigan reaches, 285; Sahln marches
on, 290; Sahrbaraz stationed at, 295 sq. ;
taken by Saracens, 354,397; Constantine
at, 391; and Valentine's army, 392; 413;
451
Council of. See Councils, Oecumeni-
cal
Chalon-sur-Sadne, monastery founded at,
147
Chamavi, the, Folkright of, written down,
673
Champagne, 137; St Columbanus in, 148
Champlien, ancient temple at, 466
Chanson de Roland, 605, 625
Chansom de Geste, the, 625
Charade, King of the Salian Franks, 110;
death, 115
Charibert, King of Paris, son of Chiotar I,
120; 137; lauded by Fortunatus, 156;
515
Charibert, son of Chlotar II. 125
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), 58, 127;
compared with Charles Martel, 130 sq. ;
134, 138; reforms of, 139, 141; 144;
terms of military service under, 154; 155,
158; marries Desiderata, 218, 701;
divorces her, 219, 596, 701; seizes terri-
tory of Carloman, 219; subdues the
Lombards, 220; makes an agreement
about the Pontifical state, 233; renounces
conquest of Venice, 234; and the Sara-
cens, 381 ; 437 note, 440, 445, 454, 486.
488, 492; and Offa, 563 sq. ; and Alcuin,
574; receives Pope Stephen, 584, 699;
and the Papal claims, 587 sqq. ; inherits
half the kingdom, 593 sqq. ; cb. xrx
passim; parentage, 595; crowned king,
ib. ; seizes the inheritance of Carloman's
children, 596; wars of, 597 sqq. ; renews
the donation of Pepin, 599, 702; puts
down the revolt of Hrodgaud, 600; and
the Beneventines, 602; his relations with
the pope, 603; invasion of Spain, 604 sq. ;
relations with Bavaria, 606 sq. ; and the
Avars, 609; extent of empire of, 615;
relations with the Church, ib. , 616; and
the Libri Carolini, 616; and Leo HI,
619 sq. ; crowned emperor, 620 sq. ,
704 sq. ; significance of the coronation,
621 sqq. , 705 sq. , 706 and note; death,
625; legends of, 625 sq. ; appearance,
626; character, 627; his conception of
empire, 628; importance of, in history,
629; 649; legislation and administration
of, ch. xxi passim; his ideal for the
state, 658 sq. ; 687, 694, 696, 700 sq. ;
and Hadrian I, 703
Charles Martel, seizes supreme authority,
128; victorious over Arabs, 129, 374;
and Gregory III, 130, 576, 580, 695;
death, 130, 539; divides the kingdom, ib. ;
131, 133; gives church preferment to
laymen, 146; seizes church property,
153 sq. , 646; and Lintprand, 211; 216;
## p. 837 (#869) ############################################
Indea:
837
helps Boniface, 537, 539; 563, 575; and
the Saxons, 610; 682, 698 sq. , 702
Jharles II, the Bald, Emperor, 626, 660,
668
Xharles IV, Emperor, as king of Bohemia,
450
Jharles, son of Charles the Great, 612;
campaigns of, 614 sq. ; 624, 659
Jhartres, 142, 468
Dhateaudun, bishopric established at, 142
Dhatti, the, 484
Chazars, the, form an alliance with Hera-
clius, 297; 298; defeat the Arabs, 353;
406; Khan of, helps Justinian II, 41. 1;
412; kill officers of Justinian II, 413 ;
428 sq. ; 443
Chedinus, duke, marches against Werona,
200
Chedworth, early Christian relics at, 501
Chekhs (Čechs, Czechs), the, 450, 454 note;
not included in Frankish empire, 614 sq.
Chelles, 122
Chelsea, synod held at, 565
Chennevières, origin of name, 152
Cheriton (Pembrokeshire), 473
Cherso, island, 384
Cherson, walls for defence of, 33; trade
of, 41; Pope Martin banished to, 402;
Justinian II in exile at, 409 sqq. ;
Justinian sends expedition against,412 sq.
Chersonese, the (Crimean). See Crimea
Chersonesus (Thracian), walls of, 33
Chersonites, the, and Justinian II, 412 sq.
Chertsey Abbey, founded, 561
Cherusci, the, 194, 639
Cheshire, 544, 551, 557
Chester, inscription at, 476; battle of, 521;
544, 546
Chesterford, inscription at, 475
Chester-le-Street, inscription at, 474
Childebert I, son of Clovis, inherits part of
kingdom, 116; death, ib. ; seizes Bur-
gundy, 117; founds monastery, 119, 147;
133; invades Spain, 119, 162
Childebert II, son of Sigebert, proclaimed
king in Austrasia, 121; minority, 122;
inherits Burgundy, 123; death, ib. ; 133;
murders Magnovald, 134; marches against
the Lombards, 199; sister of, betrothed
to Authari, 200; instructions of Gregory
the Great to, 257 sq.
Childeric, King of the Franks, 109
Childeric III, last Merovingian king, de-
position, 131, 699; made a monk, ib. ;
death, 131 ; 660
Chilperic, King of Soissons, son of Chlotar I,
marriages, 120, 164; at war with Sige-
bert, ib. ; character, 121; conquests, 122;
death, ib. ; 133, 140; and the Jew Priscus,
156; 641
Chilperic, Burgundian prince, death, 109,
111
Chiltern Hills, the, 553, 560, 564, 572
Chilternsaete, the, subdued by Wulfhere,
553
China, exports silk, 41 sq. ; and the Turks,
269 sq. ; the Arabs reach, 363
Chindaswinth, King of the Visigoths, 58; re-
pressive policy of, 176 sq. ; death, 177;
legislation of, 178; 186 sq. ; 192
Chinghiz (Genghis) Khan, 453
Chintila, King of the Visigoths, elected,
176; 177, 180
Chiusi, Reginbald, Duke of, conspires
against Charles the Great, 600
Chloderic, Frankish prince, helps Clovis,
113; rebels against Sigebert, 116
Chlomara, fortress of, besieged by Philip-
picus, 278
Chlotar I, son of Clovis, succeeds to Mero-
vingian dominions, 116; death, 117;
invades Burgundy, ib. ; marriage, 119;
sons of, 120; 133; founds monastery of
St Médard, 147; invades Spain, 162;
lays a tribute on the Saxons, 610; in-
subordination of his host, 641
Chlotar II, loses part of Neustria, 123; sole
ruler in Gaul, 124; concessions to nobles,
ib. ; 125; and the appointment of bishops,
143; 534
Chnaitha, Heraclius at, 298
Chollerford, 525
Chonober, count of Brittany, 116
Chosroes I, Anoushirvan, King of Persia,
attacks Roman territory, 29; makes
treaty with Rome, 30; harries Asia, 50;
negotiates with Justin II, 266 sq. ; tries
to enforce fire-worship, 270; claims the
Roman tribute, 271; takes Dara, 272;
defeated, 274; death, 275
Chosroes II, King of Persia, crowned, 280;
appeals to Rome, ib. , 283; restored to his
throne, ib. ; Maurice appeals for help to,
282; declares war on Rome, 284; helps
adherents of Maurice against Phocas,
285; advancestowards the Mediterranean,
288 sqq. ; 292; refuses peace, 293; de-
feated, 294; 295; and the Chazars, 297;
takes flight before Heraclius, 298; death,
299
Chramnichis, Frankish duke, defeated, 199
Chramnus, son of Chlotar I, rebels, 116
Christ, teaching of Mahomet concerning,
309
Christ Church, Canterbury, built by Augus-
time, 519; land book of the monks
preserved, 558
Christianity, spread of, in Asia, 28, 46;
Clovis and, 111 sq. ; preached to the
Frisians, 127; 128; preached in Thur-
ingia, Alemannia, and Bavaria, 129;
influence of, in Frankish kingdom, 133 sq. ,
142; forced on Jews in Spain, 175 sq. ;
192; Lombards accept, 195; 237; cha-
racter of, in Gaul, 256; 261; and the
Slavs, 297; among the Arabs, 303;
Mahomet's knowledge of, 306, 308 sq.
and Islām, 329 sqq. ; among the Slavs,
425, 454; 480; brought into Britain,
496–502; brought into Ireland, 502-508;
## p. 838 (#870) ############################################
838
Index
brought into Scotland, 509–513; brought
to the English, 514–581,544–547; brought
into Germany, 532–542; changes intro-
duced into England with, 547-551;
brought to the Saxons, 582; preached
to the Avars, 609; preached in vain to
the Saxons, 610; forced on the Saxons,
611 sq. ; Danes and Obodrites reject, 614
Christians, 73, 108; and the baptism of
Clovis, 1. 12; under anthority of the
bishops, 135; marriages of Jews with,
forbidden, 174; 175; 177; Jews conspire
against, 181; expelled from Nisibis, 272;
leave Caesarea in Cappadocia, 285; and
the restoration of the Holy Cross, 299;
305 sq. ; Mahomet's view of, 307 sqq. ;
314 note; Mahomet exacts tribute from,
326; and the Saracens in Sicily, 383; in
Ireland, 502–508
Christne Saga, the, 544
Christopher, turmarch of the Thracesii,
sent to Cherson, 413
Christophorus (Christopher), primicerius,
intervenes in papal election, 218, 696;
killed, ib. ; and the Donation of Con-
stantine, 586 note; 702
Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz, by his rule for
the clergy originates secular canons, 143,
592; envoy from Pepin to the pope, 583;
587
Chronicum Novaliciense, cited, 625
Chrysopolis, 405; Arabs at, 412; adherents
of Theodosius at, 416
Chrysostom, St John, Bishop of Constanti-
nople, cited, 500
Church, the, organisation of, in Gaul,
43 sqq. ; under the Merovingians, 141–9;
in Britain, ch. xv. 1 (B), ch. xv. 11 passim.
See Catholicism
Church of S. Alphege, Canterbury, 516
— S. Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
built, 24
— the Apostles, Constantinople, built,
40; sepulchre of Justinian in, 264
— the Apostles, Paris, built by Clovis, 115
—the Archangel, Constantinople, pillaged
by Avars, 292
— SS. Cosmas and Damian in the
Hebdomon, Constantinople, pillaged by
Avars, 291; burnt, 296
Cristo de la Luz, Toledo, 193
— S. Euphemia, Chalcedon, Vigilius
takes refuge in, 48
— S. Gatien, Tours, Clovisat, 115
— S. Geneviève, Paris, 115
— S. Germain-des-Près, Paris, 119, 157,
163, 193
T. " Hilary, Poitiers, burnt by Arabs,
1
— S. Irene, Constantinople, rebuilt, 40
— S. John the Baptist, Constantinople,
Phocas crowned in, 282
— S. Juan de Baños, Palencia, 193
— S. John the Baptist, Pavia, Gunde-
berga allowed Catholic service in, 203
Church of S. Jean, Poitiers, baptistery ºf
157
— S. John Lateran, Rome, MSS. pre:
served at, 243; synod held in, 401: 58:
founded by Constantine, 586; massie
described, 615; 703
— S. Laurence, Rome, 703
— S. Laurent, Grenoble, crypt of, 157
— S. Martin, Canterbury, possibly
Romano-British, 501; English convers
at, 516, 519
— S. Martin, Tours, Clovisat, 115; 157
— S. Médard, Soissons, Chlotar buried
in, 117
— S. Miguel de Escalada, Leon, 193
— S. Miguel de Tarrasa, Toledo, 193
— S. Nicholas, Constantinople, burnt,
296
— S. Pancras, Canterbury, a heather
temple converted into, 519
— the Pantheon, Paris, 115
— the Pantheon, Rome, despoiled by
Constans II, 394
— S. Paul without the Walls, Rome
plundered by Saracens, 385; founded by
Constantine, 586
— S. Pedro de Nave, Burguillos, 193
— S. Peter, Bremen, built, 613
—S. Peter, Rome, Ratchis makes pilgrim
age to, 215; Gregory the Great conse.
crated in, 240; Agilulf meets Gregory at
245; plundered by Saracens, 385; Pyrrhus
condemned in, 401; picture of the sixth
synod placed in, 414; 524; founded by
Constantine, 586 ; reception of Charles
the Great at (774), 599; Leo III escapes
to, 619, 704; assembly held in, tº
consider case of Leo III, 620,704; imperia.
coronation of Charles the Great in. ib.
— S. Peter and S. Paul (S. Augustine's
Canterbury, built, 519
— S. Peter in Hormisda, Constantinople,
Wigilius takes refuge in, 47
— S. Roman de la Hornija, Palencia
193
— SS. Sergius and Bacchus, Constanti-
nople, built, 40
— S. Sophia, Constantinople, built by
Justinian, 4,40; coronation of Justinian
and Theodora in, 7; Fifth Oecumenica.
Council held in, 48; 52; Germanus takes
refuge in, 282; Constans crownedin-392:
the Ekthesis posted up at, 400; imperial
edict posted up at, 405
— S. Witale, Ravenna, contains mosaic
portrait of Justinian, 2. ; built, $4;
portrait of Theodora in, 25 sq.
Ciaran, Irish saint, 503
Cibyra, 397
Cibyrrhaeots, the, 410
Cicero, M. Tullius, 91 sq.
Cilicia, 284, 289; occupied by the Persians.
290; Sahrbarāz makes a raid on, 2. 35:
294; Saracens invade, 353; 395, Alº,
417; 555
## p. 839 (#871) ############################################
Indea:
889
Cilli, 445
Cimbrians, the, 484
Cimmerian Bosphorus. See Crimea
Circesium, fortress at, 33; Chosroes II
flees to, 280; taken by the Persians,
288
Cirencester, victory of Penda at, 543
Ciudad Rodrigo, forms an independent
state, 165
Cius, attacked by Arabs, 396
Cividale (Forum Julii), taken by Lombards,
196; destroyed by Avars, 203; 204; 213
Civitas Rigomagensium. See Thorame
Civitas Salinensium. See Castellane
Civita Vecchia, Arab pirates reach, 381
Cixilona, daughter of Erwig and wife of
Egica, divorced, 180
Clackmannanshire, 512
Clain, River, 129, 160
Classis, occupied by Lombards, 198; Faro-
ald driven from, 199; Liutprand takes,
- 212
Claudian, poet, cited, 488, 492
Claudius I, Emperor, his legislation con-
cerning slaves, 64
Claudius, duke, 192
Cleph, duke, made king by the Lombards,
197; 209
Clermont, church built at, 157; 473
Clermont, Bishop of. See Sidonius Apol-
linaris
Clermont-Ferrand, colony of Jews at, 156
Clichy, 115, 125
Clodomir, son of Clovis, inherits part of
kingdom, 116; death, ib. ; seizes Bur-
gundy, 117; 133
Clonkeen (Achud), 503
Clotilda, daughter of Chilperic, marries
Clovis, 111; 133
Clotilda, daughter of Clovis, marries Ama-
laric, 162; ill-treated, ib. ; Childebert
comes to aid of, ib.
Clovesho, synod held at, 564
Clovis, King of the Franks, 109; victorious
at Soissons, 110; growing power, 111;
marriage, ib. ; attacks Burgundy, 1. 12;
baptism, ib. , 256, 532; attacks Alemans,
112 sq. , 119 ; attacks Visigoths, 113, 159;
slays Alaric, 114, 160; attains consular
rank, 115; death, 116; work, 116 sq. ;
118, 123, 132 sqq. , 138, 141, 147, 157,
161,459, 575 sq. , 592; and the Soissons
chalice, 640; real founder of the Frankish
empire, 655 sq. ; 696, 705
Clovis II, King of Neustria, puts Grimoald
to death, 126; 524
Cluain Cain, and St Patrick, 503
Clunia, 159
Clyde, Firth of,
Cumbria, 510
Clyde, River, 511
Cnobheresburg (? Burgh Castle), monastery
founded at, 524
Coa, River, 166
Cocidius, British god, 475
limit of kingdom of
Codera, Arab historian, cited, 183
Coder Gregorianus, made, 54; 56 sqq.
Codea. Hermogenianus, 54; 56 sqq.
Codez Justinianus, 38,43 sq. , 52, 54, 56 sq. ;
its compilation, 59 sqq. ; 62 sq. , 223
Coder Theodosianus, drawn up, 56; de-
scribed, 57; 58 sq. , 61, 187
Coelestius, companion of Pelagius, 500
Coelesyria, 343
Coelian Hill, the, ancestral house of Gregory
the Great on, converted into a monastery,
236; 703
Coenred, King of Mercia, accession, 562;
563
Coenwalch, King of Wessex, and Agilbert,
530; baptised, 546; reign of, 552;
553
Coenwulf, King of Mercia, decline of Mercia
under, 565
Coifi, Northumbrian priest, abjures idolatry,
523
Coimbra, taken by Remismund, 165; 168
Colchester (Camalodunum, Camulodunum),
inscriptions at, 473 sq.
Colchis. See Lazica
Colman, Bishop of Lindisfarne, and the
Synod of Whitby, 531, 554; leaves Eng-
land, 554 sq.
Colman, bishop, and St Patrick, 503
Cologne, Ripuarian Franks at, 110, 115;
533; represented at church council, 540;
archbishopric restored, ib.
Cologne, Bishops of. See Cunibert, Hildi-
bald
Coloneia, fort at, 33
Colonia (Archelais), 396
Columbanus (Columba), St, abbot of
Luxeuil, expelled by Brunhild, 124;
principles of his monastic rule, 147 sq. ;
defects of rule, 148 sq. ; granted land for
monastery, 202; cited, 259; and the
orthodoxy of the Irish Church, 500; 510;
in Scotland, 512 sq. , 526; 521; 527;
and the Frankish Church, 533 sq. ; 702
Columbus, bishop, acts as representative
of the pope in Africa, 252 sq.
Comacchio, taken by Lombards,
restored, 217; reoccupied, 219;
given up to the pope, 590; 693
Comenius (Komensky), John Amos, 458
Comentiolus, John, ambassador to Persia,
266; fails in his mission, 267; supersedes
Philippicus, 279; treachery of, 280, 284;
returns to his command, 281 ; slain, 284,
286
Commagene, ravaged by Persians, 29
Commendation, among the Franks, 151
Commentaries, the, of Julius Caesar, cited,
470
Commerce, Roman, under Justinian, 40 sqq. ;
Roman legislation upon, 90–98; decline
of, in Gaul, 155; Jews and, 156; of the
Vlakhs, 441; under Charles the Great,
657
Comminges, Gundobald besieged in, 122
215;
230;
## p. 840 (#872) ############################################
840
Indea:
Comneni, the, change the system of succes-
sion, 406
Como, Lake of, Cunincpert takes refuge on
an island in, 206; Ansprand finds a
refuge by, 211; 225
Compiègne, 117; consecration of Wilfrid at,
530, 555
Compsae, Goths capitulate at, 18
Conall Mac Comgaill, king of Dalriada, and
St Columba, 513
Conall, brother of Loigaire,
506
Concilium of the Three Gauls, 470
Condatis, god, 474
Connaught, St Patrick in, 507
Conrad, author of the Rolandslied, 605
Constance, 609
Constance, Lake of, Alemans on shores of,
110; St Columbanus reaches, 148
Constans II (Heraclius), Eastern Emperor,
attempts to expel the Lombards, 205,
394; murdered, ib. ; 206; defeated, 353,
393 sq. ; crowned, 392; treats with the
Arabs, 393; enters Rome, 394; death, 395;
military organisation under, 395 sqq. ;
and the Monothelete controversy,400sqq.
