No More Learning

How long since the Fairy
Godmother saved Cinderella from her hard lot? No one
knows; or whether these charming maidens and others, and clever
Little Thumb, Puss-in-Boots, "Figaro of the Nursery," and their
brothers, are French, German, Persian, Indian, or Egyptian, or from
the Northland. They have wandered over
the world winning friends. Always young
and fascinating, they live through the cen-
turies. They came into existence when
the races of men were young and simple-
minded, and they have become the delight
of unjaded child minds forever. No one
knows when they were first heard of in
France, but their stories were familiar to
the peasants long before finding literary
expression. The charcoal burners around
their forest fires, the fathers and mothers
gathered with the children beside the
hearths in wretched cabins, thrilled with
awe and delight at the myths inherited
from their ancestors; and doubtless modified by their own imagina-
tions. These were the stories first written out, and published toward
the end of the seventeenth century, by Charles Perrault.
Before considering them further, it will be interesting to know
something of the man who, after an arduous public life, turned to
fairy lore when he was over sixty, and in it won lasting fame and
child love.

CHARLES PERRAULT
Charles Perrault, the youngest of four brothers, all of whom be-
came distinguished, was born in Paris, January 12th, 1628. His father,
a barrister, taught him at home; and then sent him to the Collège
de Beauvais. He was a boy of noteworthy intelligence, and with the
most ardent desire for accurate and absolute information. He argued
and philosophized with his masters until ordered to be quiet. Then
he boldly left school, accompanied by a young disciple named Beau-
rain, and wandering in the Luxembourg Garden, the truants laid out
a plan of home education for themselves. This, strangely enough. -


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CHARLES PERRAULT
for French boys usually were then as they are now, in strict sub-
servience to their elders, - they were allowed to follow. Perrault's
impatience of routine and surrender to the guidance of his own indi-
viduality lasted always, and led him to employ his versatile talents
in a great variety of ways. He studied law; then wearied of its.
minutiæ after a few years' practice, and resigned his profession. In
1657 he aided his brother Claude, the famous architect, in building a
house; and that so skillfully that in 1663 Colbert chose him to assist
Claude in superintending the royal building operations. One of his
achievements in this capacity was the design for the peristyle of
the Louvre. Witty, genial, popular, versed in art and literature, he
made himself very useful to Colbert; and at the minister's desire was
elected to the Academy in 1671. Upon that authoritative body the
practical Perrault exercised a lasting influence. He ordered all its
business affairs. He brought about election by ballot, and himself
invented and introduced a balloting machine. More than all, he sug-
gested the public receptions to new members, which have given the
Academy so strong a hold upon the nation. During these years he
constantly showed himself possessed of a modern progressive spirit,
and impatient of dead tradition. When Colbert would have reserved
the palace gardens for royal use, Perrault protested: "I am persuaded
that the gardens of kings are made so great and spacious in order
that all their children may walk in them;" at which Colbert smiled
and left them open to little Parisians.
Perrault was a true royalist, sincerely revering the court and its
customs. His practical work and his panegyrics brought royal favor
and reward. One of these panegyrics - 'Le Siècle de Louis XIV. ’-
caused the famous Battle of the Books, for his share in which Per-
rault was best known in his own day. He read this poem to the
Academy, and its extolling of the present over the past aroused the
wrath of Boileau, who attacked him furiously in behalf of the classics.
A war of epigram ensued; and in his own defense Perrault published
a long poem, tedious reading now,-'Le Parallèle des Anciens et
des Modernes. ' Here again he showed his belief that the new and
the future promised more than the past. Each side had supporters;
neither side won: but the battle raged hotly for years, and was long
continued in England.
Colbert was a crabbed, difficult master, and grew more so. And
Perrault married the lady of his own choice, not Colbert's for him,
which made trouble. So his position became irksome; and in 1683
he resigned. After 1686 he devoted himself to authorship; and wrote
a versified history, short poems, and religious works.
He was glad to exchange public intrigue for simple home life;
"glad to train his children and turn from what was artificial to what


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CHARLES PERRAULT
11325
was vital and genuine. " In 1691 he published anonymously the first
of his famous tales. This was 'La Marquise de Salusses, ou La Pa-
tience de Grisilidis,'—our Patient Griselda. The plot, borrowed from
Boccaccio, he treated in verse less able than his prose, and suggestive
of an imitation of La Fontaine. Les Souhaits Ridicules' (The Fool-
ish Wishes), and 'Peau d'Âne' (The Donkey's Skin), were also written
first in verse.
Perrault may have heard his children telling the old stories that
he himself had heard in childhood; and his mind, wearied of subtlety,
may have found them freshly interesting and beautiful. His 'Contes
de ma Mère l'Oye,' the tales of genial Mother Goose, were first pub-
lished as a collection in 1697. They had already appeared singly,
and in 1694 three of them had been included in the 'Miscellany of
Mostjen, a bookseller of The Hague.
The Contes de ma Mère l'Oye' were published in the name of
Perrault's young son, Perrault d'Armancour, as though written by the
child; and this has greatly confused the critics. The charm of the
stories is their vivid style. The straightforward telling, the choice
of detail, the graphic coloring, the general simplicity of tone, suggest
a child's rendering. But interspersed are witty phrases, often paren-
thetical, mature reflections, and touches of amiable irony, for which
Perrault himself is surely responsible. Each story terminates with an
odd little moral in rhyme, usually omitted from the English versions.
The French mind has always been in sympathy with fairies; not
boisterous tricksy elves like those of Briton and Germany, but deft
little ladies who love to aid unfortunate human protégés. They are
rarely malevolent like the slighted eighth fairy of Sleeping Beauty's
christening. The element of the grotesque and fascinatingly horri-
ble is usually supplied by ogres and ogresses, direct descendants of
the cannibals told about by early voyagers. Like all folk-lore, these
early French tales abound in clever beasts, such as Puss-in-Boots.
To primitive receptivity of heart and mind, it is no more wonderful
that a cat should talk than that it should purr. Inexperience believes
in fairies as readily as in men; hence the delightful matter-of-course
tone in Perrault's enchanted world. The humor is usually a simple
burlesque, as in The Foolish Wishes,' when the black pudding sticks
to the man's nose.
Perrault's stories made refreshing appeal to the courtiers and fine
ladies at magnificent Louis's court. They welcomed them in the spirit
which led them to throw aside silks and velvets, and masquerade as
shepherds and shepherdesses.
Since then many generations of scholars have studied Perrault's
text, finding their successive clues back to shadowy antiquity. For
most of the tales they have discovered fanciful interpretations, based


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11326
CHARLES PERRAULT
upon recollections of mythology. These may or may not be legiti
mate. Sleeping Beauty may have been winter, and the Prince re-
awakening spring; but children love the story for itself, not for the
metaphor.
'Bluebeard' probably has a more recent origin than the others.
He may have been suggested by mediæval Gilles de Retz, notorious
for cruel murders of children, which he expiated by being publicly
burned. Or he may have been Cormorus, a Breton prince, reputed a
wife-murderer. At any rate, he is firmly established as the fiercest
of nursery bogies.
Perrault's stories have grown in popularity for two hundred years.
England, Germany, and other nations soon took possession of them.
They have been endlessly retold; changed, colored to suit the taste
of the nations which adopted them. But Perrault's brilliant touch is
discernible under all the modifications; and to him directly, we owe
much of our best-loved fairy literature.
-
LITTLE RED RIDING-HOOD
ON
NCE upon a time there lived in a certain village a little
country girl, the prettiest creature was ever seen. Her
mother was excessively fond of her; and her grandmother
doted on her still more. This good woman got made for her a
little red riding-hood; which became the girl so extremely well
that everybody called her Little Red Riding-Hood.
One day her mother, having made some custards, said to
her:
"Go, my dear, and see how thy grandmamma does, for I hear
she has been very ill; carry her a custard, and this little pot of
butter. "
Little Red Riding-Hood set out immediately to go to her
grandmother, who lived in another village.
As she was going through the wood, she met with Gaffer
Wolf, who had a very great mind to eat her up, but he durst
not, because of some fagot-makers hard by in the forest. He
asked her whither she was going. The poor child, who did not
know that it was dangerous to stay and hear a wolf talk, said to
him:-
"I am going to see my grandmamma, and carry her a custard
and a little pot of butter from my mamma. "
"Does she live far off? " said the Wolf.


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CHARLES PERRAULT
11327
I'll go
"Oh! ay," answered Little Red Riding-Hood: "it is beyond
that mill you see there, at the first house in the village. "
«< Well," said the Wolf, "and I'll go and see her too.
this way and go you that, and we shall see who will be there
soonest. "
The Wolf began to run as fast as he could, taking the near-
est way; and the little girl went by that farthest about, diverting
herself in gathering nuts, running after butterflies, and making
nosegays of such little flowers as she met with. The Wolf was
not long before he got to the old woman's house. He knocked
at the door- tap, tap.
"Who's there? "
"Your grandchild, Little Red Riding-Hood,” replied the Wolf,
counterfeiting her voice; "who has brought you a custard and a
little pot of butter sent you by mamma. "
The good grandmother, who was in bed, because she was
somewhat ill, cried out:
-
"Pull the bobbin, and the latch will go up. "
The Wolf pulled the bobbin, and the door opened; and then
presently he fell upon the good woman and ate her up in a
moment, for it was above three days that he had not touched a
bit. He then shut the door and went into the grandmother's bed,
expecting Little Red Riding-Hood, who came some time after-
wards and knocked at the door-tap, tap.
"Who's there? >>
Little Red Riding-Hood, hearing the big voice of the Wolf,
was at first afraid; but believing her grandmother had got a cold
and was hoarse, answered:
"Tis your grandchild, Little Red Riding-Hood, who has
brought you a custard and a little pot of butter mamma sends
you. "
――――
-
The Wolf cried out to her, softening his voice as much as he
could:
"Pull the bobbin, and the latch will go up. "
་
Little Red Riding-Hood pulled the bobbin, and the door
opened.
The Wolf, seeing her come in, said to her, hiding himself
under the bed-clothes:-
"Put the custard and the little pot of butter upon the stool,
and come and lie down with me. "


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CHARLES PERRAULT
Little Red Riding-Hood undressed herself and went into bed,
where, being greatly amazed to see how her grandmother looked
in her night-clothes, she said to her:-
"Grandmamma, what great arms you have got! "
"That is the better to hug thee, my dear. "
"Grandmamma, what great legs you have got! "
"That is to run the better, my child. "
"Grandmamma, what great ears you have got! "
"That is to hear the better, my child. "
"Grandmamma, what great eyes you have got! "
"It is to see the better, my child. "
"Grandmamma, what great teeth you have got! "
"That is to eat thee up. "
And saying these words, this wicked wolf fell upon Little
Red Riding-Hood, and ate her all up.
THE SLEEPING BEAUTY IN THE WOOD
HERE were formerly a King and a Queen, who were sorry
TH that they had no children; so sorry that it cannot be ex-
pressed. They went to all the waters in the world; vows,
pilgrimages, all ways were tried, and all to no purpose.
At last, however, the Queen had a daughter. There was a
very fine christening; and the Princess had for her godmothers
all the fairies they could find in the whole kingdom (they found
seven), that every one of them might give her a gift, as was the
custom of fairies in those days. By this means the Princess had
all the perfections imaginable.
After the ceremonies of the christening were over, all the
company returned to the King's palace, where was prepared a
great feast for the fairies. There was placed before every one of
them a magnificent cover, with a case of massive gold, wherein
were a spoon, knife, and fork,-all of pure gold set with dia-
monds and rubies. But as they were all sitting down at table
they saw come into the hall a very old fairy, whom they had not
invited, because it was above fifty years since she had been out
of a certain tower, and she was believed to be either dead or
enchanted.


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CHARLES PERRAULT
11329
The King ordered her a cover, but could not furnish her with
a case of gold as the others, because they had only seven, made
for the seven fairies. The old Fairy fancied she was slighted,
and muttered some threats between her teeth. One of the young
fairies who sat by her overheard how she grumbled; and judging
that she might give the little Princess some unlucky gift, went
as soon as they rose from the table, and hid herself behind the
hangings, that she might speak last, and repair as much as she
could the evil which the old Fairy might intend.
In the mean while all the fairies began to give their gifts to
the Princess. The youngest gave her for gift that she should be
the most beautiful person in the world; the next, that she should
have the wit of an angel; the third, that she should have a won-
derful grace in everything she did; the fourth, that she should
dance perfectly well; the fifth, that she should sing like a night-
ingale; and the sixth, that she should play all kinds of music to
the utmost perfection.
The old Fairy's turn coming next, with a head shaking more
with spite than age, she said that the Princess should have her
hand pierced with a spindle and die of the wound. This ter-
rible gift made the whole company tremble, and everybody fell
a-crying.
At this very instant the young Fairy came out from behind
the hangings, and spake these words aloud:-
――――
"Assure yourselves, O King and Queen, that your daughter
shall not die of this disaster. It is true, I have no power to
undo entirely what my elder has done. The Princess shall in-
deed pierce her hand with a spindle; but instead of dying, she
shall only fall into a profound sleep, which shall last a hundred
years, at the expiration of which a king's son shall come and
awake her. "
The King, to avoid the misfortune foretold by the old Fairy,
caused immediately the proclamation to be made, whereby every-
body was forbidden, on pain of death, to spin with a distaff
and spindle, or to have so much as any spindle in their houses.
About fifteen or sixteen years after, the King and Queen being
gone to one of their houses of pleasure, the young Princess hap-
pened one day to divert herself in running up and down the
palace; when going up from one apartment to another, she came
into a little room on the top of a tower, where a good old woman,
XIX-709


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CHARLES PERRAULT
alone, was spinning with her spindle. This good woman had
never heard of the King's proclamation against spindles.
"What are you doing there, goody? " said the Princess.
"I am spinning, my pretty child," said the old woman, who
did not know who she was.
"Ha! " said the Princess, "this is very pretty; how do you
do it? Give it to me, that I may see if I can do so. ”
She had no sooner taken it into her hand than, whether being
very hasty at it, somewhat unhandy, or that the decree of the
Fairy had so ordained it, it ran into her hand, and she fell down
in a swoon.
The good old woman, not knowing very well what to do in
this affair, cried out for help. People came in from every quar-
ter in great numbers; they threw water upon the Princess's face,
unlaced her, struck her on the palms of her hands, and rubbed
her temples with Hungary-water; but nothing would bring her
to herself.
And now the King, who came up at the noise, bethought
himself of the prediction of the fairies; and judging very well
that this must necessarily come to pass, since the fairies had said
it, caused the Princess to be carried into the finest apartment in
his palace, and to be laid upon a bed all embroidered with gold
and silver.
One would have taken her for a little angel, she was so very
beautiful; for her swooning away had not diminished one bit of
her complexion,- her cheeks were carnation, and her lips were
coral: her eyes were indeed shut, but she was heard to breathe
softly, which satisfied those about her that she was not dead.
The King commanded that they should not disturb her, but let
her sleep quietly till her hour of awaking was come.
The good Fairy who had saved her life by condemning her
to sleep a hundred years was in the kingdom of Matakin, twelve
thousand leagues off, when this accident befell the Princess: but
she was instantly informed of it by a little dwarf, who had boots
of seven leagues; that is, boots with which he could tread over
seven leagues of ground in one stride. The Fairy came away
immediately, and she arrived, about an hour after, in a fiery
chariot drawn by dragons.
The King handed her out of the chariot, and she approved
everything he had done; but as she had very great foresight, she


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CHARLES PERRAULT
11331
thought when the Princess should awake she might not know
what to do with herself, being all alone in this old palace; and
this was what she did: she touched with her wand everything in
the palace (except the King and the Queen) — governesses, maids
of honor, ladies of the bed-chamber, gentlemen, officers, stewards,
cooks, undercooks, scullions, guards, with their beefeaters, pages,
footmen; she likewise touched all the horses which were in the
stables, as well pads as others, the great dogs in the outward
court, and pretty little Mopsey too, the Princess's little spaniel,
which lay by her on the bed.
Immediately upon her touching them they all fell asleep, that
they might not awake before their mistress, and that they might
be ready to wait upon her when she wanted them.
The very
spits at the fire, as full as they could hold of partridges and
pheasants, did fall asleep also. All this was done in a moment.
Fairies are not long in doing their business.
And now the King and Queen, having kissed their dear child
without waking her, went out of the palace and put forth a
proclamation that nobody should dare to come near it.
This, however, was not necessary: for in a quarter of an hour's
time there grew up all round about the park such a vast number
of trees, great and small, bushes and brambles, twining one
within another, that neither man nor beast could pass through;
so that nothing could be seen but the very top of the towers of
the palace, and that too not unless it was a good way off. No-
body doubted but the Fairy gave herein a very extraordinary
sample of her art, that the Princess, while she continued sleep-
ing, might have nothing to fear from any curious people.
When a hundred years were gone and passed, the son of the
King then reigning, and who was of another family from that of
the sleeping Princess, being gone a-hunting on that side of the
country, asked:-
What those towers were which he saw in the middle of a great
thick wood?
Every one answered according as they had heard. Some said:
That it was a ruinous old castle, haunted by spirits.
Others, that all the sorcerers and witches of the country kept
there their sabbath or night's meeting.
The common opinion was that an ogre lived there; and that
he carried thither all the little children he could catch, that he
might eat them up at his leisure, without anybody being able to


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CHARLES PERRAULT
follow him, as having himself alone the power to pass through
the wood.
The Prince was at a stand, not knowing what to believe, when
a very aged countryman spake to him thus:
"May it please your Royal Highness, it is now about fifty
years since I heard from my father, who heard my grandfather
say, that there was then in this castle a princess, the most
beautiful was ever seen; that she must sleep there a hundred
years, and should be waked by a king's son, for whom she was
reserved. »
-:
The young Prince was all on fire at these words, believing,
without weighing the matter, that he could put an end to this
rare adventure; and, pushed on by love and honor, resolved that
moment to look into it.
Scarce had he advanced towards the wood when all the great
trees, the bushes, and the brambles gave way of themselves to
let him pass through; he walked up to the castle which he saw
at the end of a large avenue which he went into; and what a
little surprised him was that he saw none of his people could
follow him, because the trees closed again as soon as he had
passed through them. However, he did not cease from continu-
ing his way: a young and amorous prince is always valiant.
He came into a spacious outward court, where everything he
saw might have frozen up the most fearless person with horror.
There reigned over all a most frightful silence; the image of
death everywhere showed itself, and there was nothing to be
seen but stretched-out bodies of men and animals, all seeming to
be dead. He however very well knew, by the ruby faces and
pimpled noses of the beefeaters, that they were only asleep; and
their goblets, wherein still remained some drops of wine, showed
plainly that they fell asleep in their cups.
He then crossed a court paved with marble, went up the
stairs, and came into the guard chamber, where guards were
standing in their ranks, with their muskets upon their shoulders,
and snoring as loud as they could. After that he went through
several rooms full of gentlemen and ladies all asleep, some stand-
ing, others sitting. At last he came into a chamber all gilded
with gold, where he saw upon a bed, the curtains of which were
all open, the finest sight that was ever beheld,- a princess, who
appeared to be about fifteen or sixteen years of age, and whose
bright, and in a manner resplendent, beauty had somewhat in it


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CHARLES PERRAULT
11333
divine. He approached with trembling and admiration, and fell
down before her upon his knees.
And now, as the enchantment was at an end, the Princess
awaked; and looking on him with eyes more tender than the
first view might seem to admit of,—
"Is it you, my Prince? " said she to him. "You have waited
a long while. "
The Prince, charmed with these words, and much more with
the manner in which they were spoken, knew not how to show
his joy and gratitude; he assured her that he loved her better.
than he did himself; their discourse was not well connected,
they did weep more than talk,- little eloquence, a great deal of
love. He was more at a loss than she, and we need not wonder
at it: she had time to think on what to say to him; for it is
very probable (though history mentions nothing of it) that the
good Fairy, during so long a sleep, had given her very agreeable
dreams. In short, they talked four hours together, and yet they
said not half what they had to say.
In the mean while all the palace awaked; every one thought
upon their particular business, and as all of them were not in
love they were ready to die for hunger. The chief lady of honor,
being as sharp set as other folks, grew very impatient, and told
the Princess aloud that supper was served up. The Prince helped
the Princess to rise: she was entirely dressed, and very magnifi-
cently, but his Royal Highness took care not to tell her that she
was dressed like his great-grandmother, and had a point band.
peeping over a high collar; she looked not a bit the less charm-
ing and beautiful for all that.
They went into the great hall of looking-glasses, where they
supped, and were served by the Princess's officers; the violins
and hautboys played old tunes, but very excellent, though it was
now above a hundred years since they had played; and after sup-
per, without losing any time, the lord almoner married them in
the chapel of the castle, and the chief lady of honor drew the
curtains. They had but very little sleep-the Princess had no
occasion; and the Prince left her next morning to return into the
city, where his father must needs have been in pain for him.
The Prince told him:-
――――
That he had lost his way in the forest as he was hunting, and
that he had lain in the cottage of a charcoal-burner, who gave
him cheese and brown bread.


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CHARLES PERRAULT
The King, his father, who was a good man, believed him:
but his mother could not be persuaded it was true, and seeing
that he went almost every day a-hunting, and that he always had
some excuse ready for so doing, though he had lain out three or
four nights together, she began to suspect that he was married;
for he lived with the Princess above two whole years, and had
by her two children, the eldest of which, who was a daughter,
was named Morning, and the youngest, who was a son, they
called Day, because he was a great deal handsomer and more
beautiful than his sister.
The Queen spoke several times to her son, to inform herself
after what manner he did pass his time, and that in this he
ought in duty to satisfy her. But he never dared to trust her
with his secret: he feared her, though he loved her, for she was
of the race of the Ogres, and the King would never have mar-
ried her had it not been for her vast riches; it was even whis-
pered about the court that she had Ogreish inclinations, and
that whenever she saw little children passing by, she had all the
difficulty in the world to avoid falling upon them. And so the
Prince would never tell her one word.
But when the King was dead, which happened about two years
afterwards, and he saw himself lord and master, he openly de-
clared his marriage; and he went in great ceremony to conduct
his Queen to the palace. They made a magnificent entry into
the capital city, she riding between her two children.
Soon after, the King went to make war with the Emperor
Contalabutte, his neighbor. He left the government of the king-
dom to the Queen his mother, and earnestly recommended to
her care his wife and children. He was obliged to continue his
expedition all the summer; and as soon as he departed the Queen-
mother sent her daughter-in-law to a country house among the
woods, that she might with the more ease gratify her horrible
longing.
Some few days afterward she went thither herself, and said
to her clerk of the kitchen:
"I have a mind to eat little Morning for my dinner to-
morrow. "
"Ah, madam! " cried the clerk of the kitchen.
"I will have it so," replied the Queen (and this she spoke in
the tone of an Ogress who had a strong desire to eat fresh meat),
"and will eat her with a sauce, Robert. "


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CHARLES PERRAULT
11335
The poor man, knowing very well that he must not play
tricks with Ogresses, took his great knife and went up into little
Morning's chamber. She was then four years old; and came
up to him jumping and laughing, to take him about the neck.
and ask him for some sugar-candy. Upon which he began to
weep, the great knife fell out of his hand, and he went into the
back yard and killed a little lamb, and dressed it with such good
sauce that his mistress assured him she had never eaten anything
so good in her life. He had at the same time taken up little
Morning and carried her to his wife, to conceal her in the lodg-
ing he had at the bottom of the court-yard.
About eight days afterward the wicked Queen said to the
clerk of the kitchen, "I will sup upon little Day. "
He answered not a word, being resolved to cheat her as he
had done before. He went to find out little Day, and saw him
with a little foil in his hand, with which he was fencing with a
great monkey, the child being then only three years of age. He
took him up in his arms and carried him to his wife, that she
might conceal him in her chamber along with his sister; and
in the room of little Day cooked up a young kid, very tender,
which the Ogress found to be wonderfully good.
This was hitherto all mighty well; but one evening this
wicked Queen said to her clerk of the kitchen:
"I will eat the Queen with the same sauce I had with her
children. "
It was now that the poor clerk of the kitchen despaired of
being able to deceive her. The young Queen was turned of
twenty, not reckoning the hundred years she had been asleep;
and how to find in the yard a beast so firm was what puzzled
him. He took then a resolution, that he might save his own
life, to cut the Queen's throat; and going up into her chamber,
with intent to do it at once, he put himself into as great fury
as he could possibly, and came into the young Queen's room
with his dagger in his hand. He would not, however, surprise
her; but told her, with a great deal of respect, the orders he had
received from the Queen-mother.
"Do it; do it" (said she, stretching out her neck).
"Execute
your orders; and then I shall go and see my children, my poor
children, whom I so much and so tenderly loved. "
For she thought them dead ever since they had been taken
away without her knowledge.


## p. 11336 (#556) ##########################################

11336
CHARLES PERRAULT
"No, no, madam" (cried the poor clerk of the kitchen, all in
tears): "you shall not die, and yet you shall see your children
again; but then you must go home with me to my lodgings,
where I have concealed them, and I shall deceive the Queen
once more, by giving her in your stead a young hind. ”
Upon this he forthwith conducted her to his chamber, where,
leaving her to embrace her children and cry along with them,
he went and dressed a young hind, which the Queen had for her
supper, and devoured it with the same appetite as if it had been
the young Queen. Exceedingly was she delighted with her cru-
elty; and she had invented a story to tell the King, at his return,
how the mad wolves had eaten up the Queen his wife and her
two children.
One evening, as she was, according to her custom, rambling
round about the courts and yards of the palace to see if she
could smell any fresh meat, she heard, in a ground room, little
Day crying; for his mamma was going to whip him, because he
had been naughty: and she heard at the same time little Morn-
ing begging pardon for her brother.
The Ogress presently knew the voice of the Queen and her
children; and being quite mad that she had been thus deceived,
she commanded (with a most horrible voice, which made every-
body tremble) that next morning, by break of day, they should
bring into the middle of the great court a large tub, which she
caused to be filled with toads, vipers, snakes, and all sorts of
serpents, in order to have thrown into it the Queen and her
children, the clerk of the kitchen, his wife and maid; all whom
she had given orders should be brought thither with their hands.
tied behind them.
They were brought out accordingly, and the executioners were
just going to throw them into the tub, when the King (who was
not so soon expected) entered the court on horseback (for he
came post), and asked with the utmost astonishment what was
the meaning of that horrible spectacle.
No one dared to tell him; when the Ogress, all enraged to see
what had happened, threw herself head foremost into the tub, and
was instantly devoured by the ugly creatures she had ordered to
be thrown into it for others. The King could not but be very
sorry, for she was his mother; but he soon comforted himself
with his beautiful wife and his pretty children.


## p. 11337 (#557) ##########################################

CHARLES PERRAULT
11337
BLUE BEARD
HERE was a man who had fine houses, both in town and
country, a deal of silver and gold plate, embroidered fur-
niture, and coaches gilded all over with gold. But this
was so unlucky as to have a blue beard, which made him
so frightfully ugly that all the women and girls ran away from
man
him.
One of his neighbors, a lady of quality, had two daughters
who were perfect beauties. He desired of her one of them in
marriage, leaving to her choice which of the two she would
bestow on him. They would neither of them have him, and
sent him backwards and forwards from one another, not being
able to bear the thoughts of marrying a man who had a blue
beard; and what besides gave them disgust and aversion was his
having already been married to several wives, and nobody ever
knew what became of them.
Blue Beard, to engage their affection, took them, with the
lady their mother and three or four ladies of their acquaintance,
with other young people of the neighborhood, to one of his coun-
try seats, where they stayed a whole week.
There was nothing then to be seen but parties of pleasure,
hunting, fishing, dancing, mirth, and feasting. Nobody went to
bed, but all passed the night in rallying and joking with each
other. In short, everything succeeded so well that the youngest
daughter began to think the master of the house not to have a
beard so very blue, and that he was a mighty civil gentleman.
As soon as they returned home, the marriage was concluded.
About a month afterwards, Blue Beard told his wife that he was
obliged to take a country journey for six weeks at least, about
affairs of very great consequence, desiring her to divert herself
in his absence, to send for her friends and acquaintances, to
carry them into the country, if she pleased, and to make good
cheer wherever she was.
"Here," said he, "are the keys of the two great wardrobes,
wherein I have my best furniture; these are of my silver and
gold plate, which is not every day in use; these open my strong
boxes, which hold my money, both gold and silver; these my
caskets of jewels; and this is the master-key to all my apart-
ments. But for this little one here, it is the key of the closet at
the end of the great gallery on the ground floor. Open them all,


## p. 11338 (#558) ##########################################

11338
CHARLES PERRAULT
go into all and every one of them, except that little closet, which
I forbid you; and forbid it in such a manner that if you happen
to open it, there's nothing but what you may expect from my
just anger and resentment. "
She promised to observe, very exactly, whatever he had or-
dered; when he, after having embraced her, got into his coach
and proceeded on his journey.
Her neighbors and good friends did not stay to be sent for
by the new-married lady, so great was their impatience to see all
the rich furniture of her house, not daring to come while her
husband was there, because of his blue beard, which frightened
them. They ran through all the rooms, closets, and wardrobes,
which were all so fine and rich that they seemed to surpass one
another.
After that they went up into the two great rooms, where were
the best and richest furniture; they could not sufficiently admire
the number and beauty of the tapestry, beds, couches, cabinets,
stands, tables,- and looking-glasses in which you might see your-
self from head to foot; some of them were framed with glass,
others with silver, plain and gilded, the finest and most magnifi-
cent ever were seen.
They ceased not to extol and envy the happiness of their
friend, who in the mean time in no way diverted herself in look-
ing upon all these rich things, because of the impatience she had
to go and open the closet on the ground floor. She was so much
pressed by her curiosity that without considering that it was very
uncivil to leave her company, she went down a little back stair-
case, and with such excessive haste that she had twice or thrice
like to have broken her neck.
Being come to the closet door, she made a stop for some
time, thinking upon her husband's orders, and considering what
unhappiness might attend her if she was disobedient; but the
temptation was so strong she could not overcome it. She then
took the little key, and opened it, trembling, but could not at
first see anything plainly, because the windows were shut. After
some moments she began to perceive that the floor was all covered
over with clotted blood, on which lay the bodies of several dead
women, ranged against the walls. (These were all the wives
whom Blue Beard had married and murdered, one after another. )
She thought she should have died for fear; and the key, which
she pulled out of the lock, fell out of her hand.


## p. 11339 (#559) ##########################################

CHARLES PERRAULT
11339
After having somewhat recovered her surprise, she took up
the key, locked the door, and went up-stairs into her chamber to
recover herself; but she could not, so much was she frightened.
Having observed that the key of the closet was stained with
blood, she tried two or three times to wipe it off; but the blood
would not come out: in vain did she wash it, and even rub it
with soap and sand; the blood still remained, for the key was
magical and she could never make it quite clean; when the blood
was gone off from one side, it came again on the other.
Blue Beard returned from his journey the same evening, and
said he had received letters upon the road, informing him that
the affair he went about was ended to his advantage. His wife
did all she could to convince him she was extremely glad of
his speedy return.
Next morning he asked her for the keys, which she gave him,
but with such a trembling hand that he easily guessed what had
happened.
"What! " said he, "is not the key of my closet among the
rest? "
"I must certainly," said she, "have left it above upon the
table. "
"Fail not," said Blue Beard, "to bring it to me presently. "
After several goings backward and forward she was forced
to bring him the key. Blue Beard, having very attentively con-
sidered it, said to his wife:
"How comes this blood upon the key? ”
"I do not know," cried the poor woman, paler than death.
"You do not know! " replied Blue Beard. "I very well know.
You were resolved to go into the closet, were you not? Mighty
well, madam: you shall go in, and take your place among the
ladies you saw there. "
Upon this she threw herself at her husband's feet, and begged
his pardon with all the signs of a true repentance, vowing that
she would never more be disobedient. She would have melted a
rock, so beautiful and sorrowful was she; but Blue Beard had a
heart harder than any rock!
"You must die, madam," said he;
"and that presently. "
"Since I must die," answered she (looking upon him with her
eyes all bathed in tears), "give me some little time to say my
prayers. "
"I give you," replied Blue Beard, "half a quarter of an hour,
but not one moment more. "


## p. 11340 (#560) ##########################################

11340
CHARLES PERRAULT
When she was alone she called out to her sister, and said to
"Sister Anne" (for that was her name), "go up, I beg you,
upon the top of the tower, and look if my brothers are not com-
ing; they promised me that they would come to-day, and if you
see them, give them a sign to make haste. "
her:
Her sister Anne went up upon the top of the tower, and the
poor afflicted wife cried out from time to time:-
"Anne, sister Anne, do you see any one coming? "
And sister Anne said:-
"I see nothing but the sun, which makes a dust, and the
grass, which looks green. "
In the mean while Blue Beard, holding a great sabre in his
hand, cried out as loud as he could bawl to his wife:
"Come down instantly, or I shall come up to you. "
"One moment longer, if you please," said his wife; and then
she cried out very softly, "Anne, sister Anne, dost thou see any-
body coming? "
And sister Anne answered:
―――
"I see nothing but the sun, which makes a dust, and the
grass, which is green. "
"Come down quickly," cried Blue Beard, "or I will come up
to you. "
"I am coming," answered his wife; and then she cried, "Anne,
sister Anne, dost thou not see any one coming? "
"I see," replied sister Anne, "a great dust, which comes on
this side here. "
"Are they my brothers? "
"Alas! no, my dear sister: I see a flock of sheep. "
"Will you not come down? " cried Blue Beard.
"One moment longer," said his wife, and then she cried out,
"Anne, sister Anne, dost thou see nobody coming? "
"I see," said she, "two horsemen; but they are yet a great
way off. "
"God be praised," replied the poor wife joyfully: "they are
my brothers; I will make them a sign, as well as I can, for
them to make haste. "
Then Blue Beard bawled out so loud that he made the whole
house tremble. The distressed wife came down, and threw her-
self at his feet, all in tears, with her hair about her shoulders.
"This signifies nothing," says Blue Beard: "you must die;"
then, taking hold of her hair with one hand, and lifting up the


## p. 11341 (#561) ##########################################

CHARLES PERRAULT
11341
sword with the other, he was going to take off her head. The
poor lady, turning about to him, and looking at him with dying
eyes, desired him to afford her one little moment to recollect
herself.
"No, no," said he, "recommend thyself to God;" and was
just ready to strike.
At this very instant there was such a loud knocking at the
gate that Blue Beard made a sudden stop. The gate was
opened, and presently entered two horsemen, who, drawing their
swords, ran directly to Blue Beard. He knew them to be his
wife's brothers,-one a dragoon, the other a musketeer; so that
he ran away immediately to save himself: but the two brothers
pursued so close that they overtook him before he could get to
the steps of the porch, when they ran their swords through his
body and left him dead. The poor wife was almost as dead as
her husband, and had not strength enough to rise and welcome
her brothers.
Blue Beard had no heirs, and so his wife became mistress of
all his estate. She made use of one part of it to marry her sis-
ter Anne to a young gentleman who had loved her a long while;
another part to buy captains' commissions for her brothers; and
the rest to marry herself to a very worthy gentleman, who made
her forget the ill time she had passed with Blue Beard.
TOADS AND DIAMONDS
THE
HERE was once upon a time a widow who had two daughters.
The eldest was like herself in face and humor.
Both were
so disagreeable and so proud that there was no living with
them. The youngest, who was the very picture of her father for
courtesy and sweetness of temper, was withal one of the most
beautiful girls ever seen. As people naturally love their own.
likeness, this mother doted on her eldest daughter, and had a,
horrible aversion for the youngest: she made her eat in the
kitchen and work continually.
Among other things, this poor child was forced twice a day
to draw water above a mile and a half off the house, and bring
home a pitcher full of it. One day, as she was at this fountain,
there came to her a poor woman, who begged of her to let her
drink.
"Oh! ay, with all my heart, Goody," said this pretty little
girl; and immediately rinsing the pitcher, she took up some water


## p. 11342 (#562) ##########################################

11342
CHARLES PERRAULT
from the clearest place of the fountain and gave it to her, hold-
ing up the pitcher all the while that she might drink the easier.
The good woman having drunk, said to her, "You are so very
pretty, my dear, so good and so mannerly, that I cannot help giv-
ing you a gift. " For this was a fairy, who had taken the form of
a poor countrywoman to see how far the civility and good man-
ners of this pretty girl would go. "I will give you for gift, that
at every word you speak, there shall come out of your mouth
either a flower or a jewel. "
[When this occurred on her return, the mother at once sent the elder
sister, with the best silver tankard, to the fountain on the same errand; which
she resented as menial's work. ]
[The elder sister] was no sooner at the fountain than she
saw coming out of the wood a lady most gloriously dressed, who
came up to her and asked to drink. This was the very fairy
who appeared to her sister, but had now taken the air and dress.
of a princess to see how far this girl's rudeness would go.
"Am I come hither," said the proud, saucy slut, "to serve you
with water, pray? I suppose the silver tankard was brought
purely for your Ladyship, was it? However, you may drink out
of it if you have a fancy. ”
The fairy answered without putting herself in a passion,
"Since you have so little breeding and are so disobliging, I give
you for gift that at every word you speak there shall come out
of your mouth a snake or a toad. "
[This also occurring, the mother blamed and beat the younger sister, who
ran away and hid in the forest, where the king's son met her and asked why
she was alone there weeping. ]
[Said the younger sister,] "Alas, sir! my mamma has turned
me out of doors. "
The king's son, who saw five or six pearls and as many dia-
monds come out of her mouth, desired her to tell him how that
happened. She hereupon told him the whole story; and so the
king's son fell in love with her, and considering with himself
that such a gift was worth more than any marriage portion, con-
ducted her to the palace of the king his father, and there mar-
ried her.
As for her sister, she made herself so much hated that her
own mother turned her off; and the miserable wretch, having
wandered about a good while without finding anybody to take
her in, went to a corner of the wood, and there died.


## p. 11343 (#563) ##########################################

11343
ai
JA
PERSIUS (AULUS PERSIUS FLACCUS)
(34-62 A. D. )
HE fame of Persius is perhaps more difficult to account for
than that of any other equally eminent author. His brief
life was chiefly spent under the crushing tyranny of the
worst among the early Cæsars. Real freedom of speech was impos-
sible. Persius, as he himself confesses, was not a true singer. He
had not the poet's joyous creative imagination. Even the claim of
originality, in style or in substance, is denied him. His voice-
thinner, shriller, less articulate than his master's-is still the voice of
Horace; and he lashes essentially the same
foibles, though with a far more savage swing
of the whip. Had Lucilius's satires sur-
vived, they would probably have reduced to
still smaller space the claims of Persius to
originality. The work of the latter is im-
mature and fragmentary, consisting of six
satires, only six hundred and fifty hexam-
eters in all, to which should be added the
fourteen "limping iambics" of the modest,
but perhaps spurious, Epilogue.

Yet the fact remains, that Persius has
held firmly his position as third in rank
among Latin satirists. This, moreover, is
the one field wherein the Romans acknowl-
SC CU PP
PERSIUS
edged no Hellenic models or masters. Hardly any ancient poet sur-
vives in better or more numerous manuscripts. Few have a more
brilliant line of modern editors, from Casaubon to Conington and
Gildersleeve. This can be no mere accident, still less the favoritism
shown to a popular young aristocrat. Something of vitality the little
book must have had.
Our first impression is of extreme incoherence and obscurity. Yet
in this there is nothing of pedantic willfulness. The note of sincer-
ity, the strident intolerant sincerity of youth, pierces our ear quickly,
despite all the inarticulate verbiage. Even in this brief career too
we seem to trace a line of progress toward calmer, clearer, more
genial self-utterance. Especially the tender lines to his old tutor
Cornutus leave us "wishing for more"; which is perhaps the rarest
triumph of the satirist, in particular. Professor Conington declares


## p. 11344 (#564) ##########################################

PERSIUS
11344
that as Lucretius represents Epicureanism in poetry, so Persius stands
no less completely for Roman Stoicism. The concession is at once
added, however, that Divine Philosophy, in that unhappy age, could
teach little more than manly endurance of the inevitable.
Altogether, unless we confess that obscurity itself may draw
the thronging commentators till they darken the very air above it,-
we must consider that Persius offers us one more illustration that the
fearless frank word of the austere moralist is never hopelessly out of
season, but may re-echo for evermore. Or, to change the figure:-
-
"How far that little candle throws its beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world. "
The edition of Persius by Professor Gildersleeve (Harper, 1875) is
especially valuable for its linguistic and stylistic comment; the more
as Persius, like Plautus and Catullus, used more largely than the
other poets that lingua volgare from which the Romance languages
take their direct descent. The more indolent student, however, will
find his way to Conington's edition, more recently revised by Nettle-
ship, which includes a capital prose translation on parallel pages. To
this graceful version the present translator confesses his heavy in-
debtedness.
THE AUTHOR'S AMBITION
WⓇ
E WRITE, locked in,- one prose, another verse;
Of lofty style, that may be panted forth
With liberal lung. Yes, to the folk, some day,
Spruce in your fresh new toga, all in white,
Wearing your birthday ring, from some high seat
These things you hope to read, after your throat
Is gargled clear with trills, yourself o'ercome,
With swimming eyes! The sturdy Romans then,
Losing all dignity of mien and voice,
You'd fain see quivering, while the verses glide
Into their bones; their marrow tickled by
The rippling strain!
-
What! an old man like you
Would gather tidbits up for alien ears,
Yourself, at last wearied, to cry "Enough »?
So much for pallor and austerity!
Oh, evil day! Is then your knowledge worth
So little, unless others know you know?


## p. 11345 (#565) ##########################################

PERSIUS
11345
But it is pleasant to be pointed at
With the forefinger, and to hear, "That's he!
Ay, there he goes! " Would you not like to be
By a full hundred curly-headed boys
Conned as their lesson?
Lo, the heroic sons
Of Romulus sit at their wine, full-fed,
To hear the tale of sacred Poesy.
Some fellow, with a hyacinthine robe
Over his shoulders, with a snuffling lisp
Utters some mawkish stuff, of Phyllises,
Hypsipylas, or whate'er heroines
By bard bewailed. The gentry add their praise;
And now the poet's dust is happy? Now
The stone is resting lighter on his bones?
The humbler guests applaud; and from his tomb
And blessed ashes and his Manes now
Shall not the violets spring?
XIX-710
A CHILD'S TRICK
OFTEN touched my eyes, I recollect,
I
With oil, in boyhood, if I did not wish
To learn by heart the dying Cato's words;
Which my daft master loudly would applaud,
And with a glow of pride my father heard
As I recited to his gathered friends.
"WE TWA»
I
SPEAK not to the throng. I give my heart-
As the Muse bids me
- unto you to sift.
-
It is my joy to show, O sweet my friend,
To you, how large a part of me is yours.
Strike, and with caution test how much rings true,
What is mere plaster of a varnished tongue.
A hundred voices I might dare to crave,
That I in clearest utterance might reveal
How in my heart's recesses you are fixed.
So might my words all that unseal which lies,
Not to be uttered, in my heart-strings hid.