) the laws of
Charondas
are given in Heyne's Opus-
The Charon who was a friend of Apollonius Rho- cula, vol.
The Charon who was a friend of Apollonius Rho- cula, vol.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
& 19; wards.
(Thuc.
iii.
86, 90; Diod.
xii.
54.
) [A.
H.
C.
]
Schneid. ad loc. )
CHARON (Xápwv), a son of Erebos, the aged
2. Called also Charmadas by Cicero, a disciple and dirty ferryman in the lower world, who con-
of Cleitomachus the Carthaginian, and a friend and veyed in his boat the shades of the dead-though
companion (as he had been the fellow-pupil) of only of those whose bodies were buried — across
Philo of Larissa, in conjunction with whom he is the rivers of the lower world. (Virg. Aen. vi. 295,
said by some to have been the founder of a fourth &c. ; Senec. Herc. fur. 764. ) For this service he
Academy. He flourished, therefore, towards the was paid by each shade with an obolus or danace,
end of the second and at the commencement of the which coin was placed in the mouth of every dead
first century B. C. Cicero, writing in B. C. 45, body previous to its burial. This notion of Charon
speaks of him as recently dead. (Tusc. Disp. i. 24. ) seems to be of late origin, for it does not occur in
On the same authority we learn, that he was re- any of the early poets of Greece. (Paus. x. 28.
markable for his eloquence and for the great com- $ 1; Juven. iii. 267 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1666. )
pass and retentiveness of his memory. His philo- Charon was represented in the Lesche of Delphi
sophical opinions were doubtless coincident with by Polygnotus.
[L, S. )
? Y
## p. 690 (#710) ############################################
690
CHARONDAS.
CHAROPS.
a
CHARON (Xápwv), a distinguished Theban, I have seen, is not included among the Chalcidian
who exposed himself to much danger by conccaling cities, and the date of its foundation is B. C. 443.
Pelopidas and his fellow-conspirators in his house, It is also demonstrated by Bentley (Phalaris, p.
when they returned to Thebes with the view of 367, &c. ), that the laws which Diodorus gives as
delivering it from the Spartans and the oligarchical those drawn up by Charondas for the Thurians
government, B. C. 379. Charon himself took an were in reality not his. For Aristotle (Polit. iv.
active part in the enterprise, and, after its success, 12) tells us, that his laws were adapted to an aris-
was made Boeotarch together with Pelopidas and tocracy, whereas in Diodorus we constantly find
Mellon. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. $ 3; Plut. Pclop. 7–13, him ordering appeals to the oñuos, and the consti-
de Gen. Soc. passim. )
[E. E. ) tution of Thurij is expressly called ToMltevua
CHARON (Xápwv), literary. 1. A historian of Onuok patikov. Again, we learn from a happy cor-
Lampsacus, is mentioned by Tertullian (de Anim. 46) rection made by Bentley in a corrupt passage of
as prior to Herodotus, and is said by Suidas (s. r. ) the Politics (ii. 12), that the only peculiarity in
according to the common reading, to have flourished the laws of Charondas was that he first introduced
(yevóuevos) in the time of Dareius Hystaspis, in the power of prosecuting false witnesses (érioKnys).
the 79th Olympiad (B. c. 464); but, as Dareius But it is quite certain that this was in force at
died in B. c. 485, it has been proposed to read go' Athens long before the existence of Thurii, and
for oỐ in Suidas, thus placing the date of Charon | therefore that Charondas, as its author, also lived
in Ol. 69 or B. c. 504. He lived, however, as late before the foundation of that city. Lastly, we are
as B. C. 464, for he is referred to by Plutarch told by Diogenes Laërtius, that Protagoras was the
(Them. 27) as mentioning the flight of Themistocles lawgiver of Thurii. (See Wesseling's note on Dio-
to Asia in B. C. 465. We find the following list of dorus, l. c. , where Bentley's arguments are summed
his works in Suidas : 1. ALOlotiká. 2. Nepriká. | up with great clearness. ) Diodorus ends the ac-
3. Ελληνικά, 4. Nepl Aauvákov. 5. Aibuká. count of his pseudo-Charondas by the story, that
6. "Opoi Nauyaknywv, a work quoted by Athenaeus he one day forgot to lay aside his sword before he
(xi. p. 475, c. ), where Schweighaeuser proposes to appeared in the assembly, thereby violating one of
substitute por (comp. Diod. i. 26), thus making its his own laws. On being reminded of this by a
subject to be the annals of Lampsacus. 7. Ipv citizen, he exclaimed, ua Aſ anná kúplov Toow,
Táveis o "ApXortes oi râv Aake almovíwv, a chro and immediately stabbed himself. This anecdote
nological work. 8. Ktoets Tónewv. 9. Kptiká. is also told of Diocles of Syracuse, and of Zaleucus,
10. Περίπλους και εκτός των Ηρακλείων στηλών. though Valerius Maximus (vi. S 5) agrees with
The fragments of Charon, together with those of Diodorus in attributing it to Charondas. The story
Hecataeus and Xanthus, have been published by that Charondas was a Pythagorean, is probably an
Creuzer, Heidelberg, 1806, and by Car. and Th. instance of the practice which arose in later times
Müller, Fragm. Histor. Graec. Paris, 1841. Be of calling every distinguished lawgiver a disciple
sides the references above given, comp. Plut. de of Pythagoras, which title was even conferred on
Mul. Virt. s. v. nauvárn; Strab. xiii. p. 583; Numa Pompilius. (Comp. Iamblich. l'it. Pythag.
Paus. x. 38; Athen. xii. p. 520, d. ; Ael. V. H. i. 15; c. 7. ) Among several pretended laws of Charondas
Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 2, 479; Voss. de Hist. preserved by Stobaeus, there is one probably au-
Graec. b. i. c. 1; Clint. Fast. sub annis 504, 464. thentic, since it is found in a fragment of Theo-
2. Of Carthage, wrote an account of all the ty- phrastus. (Stob. Serm. 48. ) This enacts, that all
rants of Europe and Asia, and also the lives of buying and selling is to be transacted with ready
illustrious men and women. (Suid. s. v. ; Voss. de money, and that the government is to provide nj
Hist. Graec. p. 415, ed. Westermann. )
remedy for those who lose their money by giving
3. Of Naucratis, was the author of a history of credit. The same ordinance will be found in Pla-
the Alexandrian and Egyptian priests, and of the to’s Laws. The laws of Charondas were probably
events which occurred under each ; likewise of a in verse. (Athen. xiv. p. 619. ) The fragments of
treatise on Naucratis, and other works. (Suid. s. v.
) the laws of Charondas are given in Heyne's Opus-
The Charon who was a friend of Apollonius Rho- cula, vol. ii. p. 74, &c.
[G. E. L. C. ]
dius, and wrote a historical commentary on his CHAROPS (Xápo:), bright-eyed or joyful-
Argonaulica, has been identified by some with the looking, a surname of Heracles, under which he
historian of Naucratis, by others with the Cartha- had a statue near mount Laphystion on the spot
ginian. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. b. iii. c. 21; Voss. where he was believed to have brought forth
de Hist. Graec. pp. 20, 138, 144, 415, ed. Wester- Cerberus from the lower world. (Paus. ix. 34.
mann; Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 1054. ) [E. E. ] | $ 4. ) There are also two mythical beings of this
CHARONDAS (Xapuvdas), a lawgiver of Ca- name. (Hom. Od. xi. 427 ; Hom. Hymn. in Merc.
tana, who legislated for his own and the other | 194; Hygin. Fab. 181. )
(L. S. ]
cities of Chalcidian origin in Sicily and Italy. CHAROPS (Xápou). 1. A chief among the
(Aristot. Polit. ii. 10. ) Now, these were Zancle, Epeirots, who sided with the Romans in their war
Naxos, Leontini, Euboea, Mylae, Himera, Callipo- with Philip V. , and, by sending a shepherd to
lis, and Rhegium. He must have lived before the guide a portion of the Roman army over the
time of Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhegium, i. e. before heights above the position of the Macedonians,
B. C. 494, for the Rhegians used the laws Cha- enabled Flamininus to dislodge Philip from the
rondas till they were abolished by Anaxilaus, who, defile which he had occupied in Epeirus, B. c. 198.
after a reign of eighteen years, died B. c. 476. (Polyb. xvii. 3, xviii. 6, xxvii. 13; Lir. xxxii. 6,
These facts sufficiently refute the common account Plut. Fiam. 4. ) In B. c. 192, Charops was
of Charondas, as given by Diodorus (xii. 12): viz. sent by his countrymen on an embassy to Antio-
that after Thurii was founded by the people of the chus the Great, who was wintering at Chalcis in
ruined city of Sybaris, the colonists chose Charon- Euboea. He represented to the king that the
das, “the best of their fellow-citizens,” to draw up Epeirots were more exposed to the attacks of the
a code of laws for their use. For Thurii, as we Romans than any of the inhabitants of the rest of
c.
il;
>
## p. 691 (#711) ############################################
CHEILON.
691
CHEIRISOPHUS.
Greece, and begged him therefore to excuse them $11) we learn, that he was a member of the Spar-
from siding with him unless he felt himself strong tan senate. It is said that lie died of joy when
enough to protect them. (Polyb. xx. 3. ) He con- his son gained the prize for boxing at the Olympic
tinued to the end of his life to cultivate the friend- games, and that his funeral was attended by all
ship of the Romans, and sent his grandson to the Greeks assembled at the festival.
Such a
Rome for education. (Polyb. xxvii. 13. ) [E. E. ) token of respect seems to have been due not more
2. A grandson of the above. He received his to his wisdom than to the purity of his life, which,
education at Rome, and after his return to his own according to Diodorus, was not inconsistent with
country adhered to the Roman cause; but here his doctrine. (Comp. Gell. i. 3. ) Diogenes Laër-
ends all resemblance between himself and his tius mentions him as a writer of Elegiac poems,
grandfather, who is called kanos kåyalòs by Poly- and records many sayings of his which shew that
bius. (xxvii. 13. ) It was this younger Charops even at Sparta he may well have been remarkable
by whose calumnies Antinous and Cephalus were for his sententious brevity, and several of which
driven in self-defence to take the side of Perseus breathe also in other respects a truly Spartan
[Antinous); and he was again one of those who spirit. Witness especially his denunciation of the
flocked from the several states of Greece to Aemilius use of gesture in speaking,-λέγοντα μη κινείν
Paullus at Amphipolis, in B. c. 167, to congratulate thy reipa uavinov gáp. The distinguishing ex-
him on the decisive victory at Pydna in the pre- cellence of man he considered to be sagacity of
ceding year, and who seized the opportunity to rid judgment in divining the future,—a quality which
themselves of the most formidable of their political he himself remarkably exemplified in his forebod-
opponents by pointing them out as friends of ing, afterwards realized, of the evils to which
Macedonia, and so causing them to be apprehended Sparta might at any time be exposed from Cythera.
and sent to Rome. (Polyb. xxx. 10; Liv. xlv. (Diog. Laërt. i. 68–73; Menag. ad loc. ; Plat.
31; Diod. Erc. p. 578; see p. 569, b. ) The Protag. p. 343; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 3 ; Ael. V. H.
power thus obtained Charops in particular so bar- iii. 17; Perizon. ad loc. ; Plin. H. N. vii. 32 ;
barously abused, that Polybius has recorded his Diod. Exc. de Virt. et Vit. p. 552, ed. Wess;
belief is that there never had been before and Arist. Rhet. ii. 12. & 14; Herod. vii. 235; comp.
never would be again a greater monster of cruelty. ” Thuc. iv. 53; Arnold, ad loc. )
But even his cruelty did not surpass his rapacity 2. A Spartan of the royal house of the Eury-
and extortion, in which he was fully aided and pontids. On the death of Cleomenes III. in B. C.
seconded by his mother, Philotis. (Diod. Exc. 220, his claim to the throne was disregarded, and
p. 587. ) His proceedings, however, were dis- the election fell on one Lycurgus, who was not a
countenanced at Rome, and when he went thither Heracleid. Cheilon was so indignant at this, that
to obtain the senate's confirmation of his iniquity, he devised a revolution, holding out to the people
be not only received from them an unfavourable the hope of a division of landed property-a plan
and threatening answer, but the chief men of the which Agis IV. and Cleomenes Ill. had succes-
state, and Aemilius Paullus among the number, sively failed to realize. Being joined by about
refused to receive him into their houses. Yet on 200 adherents, he surprised the ephori at supper,
his return to Epeirus he had the audacity to falsify and murdered them. Lycurgus, however, whose
the senate's sentence. The year 157 B. c. is com- house he next attacked, effected his escape, and
memorated by Polybius as one in which Greece Cheilon, having in vain endeavoured to rouse the
was purged of many of her plagues: as an instance people in his cause, was compelled to take refuge
of this, he mentions the death of Charops at Brun- in Achaia. (Polyb. iv. 35, 81. ) [E. E. ]
disium. (Polyb. XXX. 14, xxxi. 8, xxxii. 21, 22. ) CHEILO'NIS (Xeuwvis). 1. Daughter of
Both this man and his grandfather are called Cheilon of Lacedaemon, is mentioned by Iambli-
· Charopus” by Livy.
(E. E. ] chus (de Vit. Pyth. 36, ad fin. ) as one of the most
CHAROʻPUS. [CHAROPS. ]
distinguished women of the school of Pythagoras.
CHARTAS (Xdpras) and SYADRAS (Eva- 2. Daughter of Leonidas II.
Schneid. ad loc. )
CHARON (Xápwv), a son of Erebos, the aged
2. Called also Charmadas by Cicero, a disciple and dirty ferryman in the lower world, who con-
of Cleitomachus the Carthaginian, and a friend and veyed in his boat the shades of the dead-though
companion (as he had been the fellow-pupil) of only of those whose bodies were buried — across
Philo of Larissa, in conjunction with whom he is the rivers of the lower world. (Virg. Aen. vi. 295,
said by some to have been the founder of a fourth &c. ; Senec. Herc. fur. 764. ) For this service he
Academy. He flourished, therefore, towards the was paid by each shade with an obolus or danace,
end of the second and at the commencement of the which coin was placed in the mouth of every dead
first century B. C. Cicero, writing in B. C. 45, body previous to its burial. This notion of Charon
speaks of him as recently dead. (Tusc. Disp. i. 24. ) seems to be of late origin, for it does not occur in
On the same authority we learn, that he was re- any of the early poets of Greece. (Paus. x. 28.
markable for his eloquence and for the great com- $ 1; Juven. iii. 267 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1666. )
pass and retentiveness of his memory. His philo- Charon was represented in the Lesche of Delphi
sophical opinions were doubtless coincident with by Polygnotus.
[L, S. )
? Y
## p. 690 (#710) ############################################
690
CHARONDAS.
CHAROPS.
a
CHARON (Xápwv), a distinguished Theban, I have seen, is not included among the Chalcidian
who exposed himself to much danger by conccaling cities, and the date of its foundation is B. C. 443.
Pelopidas and his fellow-conspirators in his house, It is also demonstrated by Bentley (Phalaris, p.
when they returned to Thebes with the view of 367, &c. ), that the laws which Diodorus gives as
delivering it from the Spartans and the oligarchical those drawn up by Charondas for the Thurians
government, B. C. 379. Charon himself took an were in reality not his. For Aristotle (Polit. iv.
active part in the enterprise, and, after its success, 12) tells us, that his laws were adapted to an aris-
was made Boeotarch together with Pelopidas and tocracy, whereas in Diodorus we constantly find
Mellon. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. $ 3; Plut. Pclop. 7–13, him ordering appeals to the oñuos, and the consti-
de Gen. Soc. passim. )
[E. E. ) tution of Thurij is expressly called ToMltevua
CHARON (Xápwv), literary. 1. A historian of Onuok patikov. Again, we learn from a happy cor-
Lampsacus, is mentioned by Tertullian (de Anim. 46) rection made by Bentley in a corrupt passage of
as prior to Herodotus, and is said by Suidas (s. r. ) the Politics (ii. 12), that the only peculiarity in
according to the common reading, to have flourished the laws of Charondas was that he first introduced
(yevóuevos) in the time of Dareius Hystaspis, in the power of prosecuting false witnesses (érioKnys).
the 79th Olympiad (B. c. 464); but, as Dareius But it is quite certain that this was in force at
died in B. c. 485, it has been proposed to read go' Athens long before the existence of Thurii, and
for oỐ in Suidas, thus placing the date of Charon | therefore that Charondas, as its author, also lived
in Ol. 69 or B. c. 504. He lived, however, as late before the foundation of that city. Lastly, we are
as B. C. 464, for he is referred to by Plutarch told by Diogenes Laërtius, that Protagoras was the
(Them. 27) as mentioning the flight of Themistocles lawgiver of Thurii. (See Wesseling's note on Dio-
to Asia in B. C. 465. We find the following list of dorus, l. c. , where Bentley's arguments are summed
his works in Suidas : 1. ALOlotiká. 2. Nepriká. | up with great clearness. ) Diodorus ends the ac-
3. Ελληνικά, 4. Nepl Aauvákov. 5. Aibuká. count of his pseudo-Charondas by the story, that
6. "Opoi Nauyaknywv, a work quoted by Athenaeus he one day forgot to lay aside his sword before he
(xi. p. 475, c. ), where Schweighaeuser proposes to appeared in the assembly, thereby violating one of
substitute por (comp. Diod. i. 26), thus making its his own laws. On being reminded of this by a
subject to be the annals of Lampsacus. 7. Ipv citizen, he exclaimed, ua Aſ anná kúplov Toow,
Táveis o "ApXortes oi râv Aake almovíwv, a chro and immediately stabbed himself. This anecdote
nological work. 8. Ktoets Tónewv. 9. Kptiká. is also told of Diocles of Syracuse, and of Zaleucus,
10. Περίπλους και εκτός των Ηρακλείων στηλών. though Valerius Maximus (vi. S 5) agrees with
The fragments of Charon, together with those of Diodorus in attributing it to Charondas. The story
Hecataeus and Xanthus, have been published by that Charondas was a Pythagorean, is probably an
Creuzer, Heidelberg, 1806, and by Car. and Th. instance of the practice which arose in later times
Müller, Fragm. Histor. Graec. Paris, 1841. Be of calling every distinguished lawgiver a disciple
sides the references above given, comp. Plut. de of Pythagoras, which title was even conferred on
Mul. Virt. s. v. nauvárn; Strab. xiii. p. 583; Numa Pompilius. (Comp. Iamblich. l'it. Pythag.
Paus. x. 38; Athen. xii. p. 520, d. ; Ael. V. H. i. 15; c. 7. ) Among several pretended laws of Charondas
Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 2, 479; Voss. de Hist. preserved by Stobaeus, there is one probably au-
Graec. b. i. c. 1; Clint. Fast. sub annis 504, 464. thentic, since it is found in a fragment of Theo-
2. Of Carthage, wrote an account of all the ty- phrastus. (Stob. Serm. 48. ) This enacts, that all
rants of Europe and Asia, and also the lives of buying and selling is to be transacted with ready
illustrious men and women. (Suid. s. v. ; Voss. de money, and that the government is to provide nj
Hist. Graec. p. 415, ed. Westermann. )
remedy for those who lose their money by giving
3. Of Naucratis, was the author of a history of credit. The same ordinance will be found in Pla-
the Alexandrian and Egyptian priests, and of the to’s Laws. The laws of Charondas were probably
events which occurred under each ; likewise of a in verse. (Athen. xiv. p. 619. ) The fragments of
treatise on Naucratis, and other works. (Suid. s. v.
) the laws of Charondas are given in Heyne's Opus-
The Charon who was a friend of Apollonius Rho- cula, vol. ii. p. 74, &c.
[G. E. L. C. ]
dius, and wrote a historical commentary on his CHAROPS (Xápo:), bright-eyed or joyful-
Argonaulica, has been identified by some with the looking, a surname of Heracles, under which he
historian of Naucratis, by others with the Cartha- had a statue near mount Laphystion on the spot
ginian. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. b. iii. c. 21; Voss. where he was believed to have brought forth
de Hist. Graec. pp. 20, 138, 144, 415, ed. Wester- Cerberus from the lower world. (Paus. ix. 34.
mann; Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 1054. ) [E. E. ] | $ 4. ) There are also two mythical beings of this
CHARONDAS (Xapuvdas), a lawgiver of Ca- name. (Hom. Od. xi. 427 ; Hom. Hymn. in Merc.
tana, who legislated for his own and the other | 194; Hygin. Fab. 181. )
(L. S. ]
cities of Chalcidian origin in Sicily and Italy. CHAROPS (Xápou). 1. A chief among the
(Aristot. Polit. ii. 10. ) Now, these were Zancle, Epeirots, who sided with the Romans in their war
Naxos, Leontini, Euboea, Mylae, Himera, Callipo- with Philip V. , and, by sending a shepherd to
lis, and Rhegium. He must have lived before the guide a portion of the Roman army over the
time of Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhegium, i. e. before heights above the position of the Macedonians,
B. C. 494, for the Rhegians used the laws Cha- enabled Flamininus to dislodge Philip from the
rondas till they were abolished by Anaxilaus, who, defile which he had occupied in Epeirus, B. c. 198.
after a reign of eighteen years, died B. c. 476. (Polyb. xvii. 3, xviii. 6, xxvii. 13; Lir. xxxii. 6,
These facts sufficiently refute the common account Plut. Fiam. 4. ) In B. c. 192, Charops was
of Charondas, as given by Diodorus (xii. 12): viz. sent by his countrymen on an embassy to Antio-
that after Thurii was founded by the people of the chus the Great, who was wintering at Chalcis in
ruined city of Sybaris, the colonists chose Charon- Euboea. He represented to the king that the
das, “the best of their fellow-citizens,” to draw up Epeirots were more exposed to the attacks of the
a code of laws for their use. For Thurii, as we Romans than any of the inhabitants of the rest of
c.
il;
>
## p. 691 (#711) ############################################
CHEILON.
691
CHEIRISOPHUS.
Greece, and begged him therefore to excuse them $11) we learn, that he was a member of the Spar-
from siding with him unless he felt himself strong tan senate. It is said that lie died of joy when
enough to protect them. (Polyb. xx. 3. ) He con- his son gained the prize for boxing at the Olympic
tinued to the end of his life to cultivate the friend- games, and that his funeral was attended by all
ship of the Romans, and sent his grandson to the Greeks assembled at the festival.
Such a
Rome for education. (Polyb. xxvii. 13. ) [E. E. ) token of respect seems to have been due not more
2. A grandson of the above. He received his to his wisdom than to the purity of his life, which,
education at Rome, and after his return to his own according to Diodorus, was not inconsistent with
country adhered to the Roman cause; but here his doctrine. (Comp. Gell. i. 3. ) Diogenes Laër-
ends all resemblance between himself and his tius mentions him as a writer of Elegiac poems,
grandfather, who is called kanos kåyalòs by Poly- and records many sayings of his which shew that
bius. (xxvii. 13. ) It was this younger Charops even at Sparta he may well have been remarkable
by whose calumnies Antinous and Cephalus were for his sententious brevity, and several of which
driven in self-defence to take the side of Perseus breathe also in other respects a truly Spartan
[Antinous); and he was again one of those who spirit. Witness especially his denunciation of the
flocked from the several states of Greece to Aemilius use of gesture in speaking,-λέγοντα μη κινείν
Paullus at Amphipolis, in B. c. 167, to congratulate thy reipa uavinov gáp. The distinguishing ex-
him on the decisive victory at Pydna in the pre- cellence of man he considered to be sagacity of
ceding year, and who seized the opportunity to rid judgment in divining the future,—a quality which
themselves of the most formidable of their political he himself remarkably exemplified in his forebod-
opponents by pointing them out as friends of ing, afterwards realized, of the evils to which
Macedonia, and so causing them to be apprehended Sparta might at any time be exposed from Cythera.
and sent to Rome. (Polyb. xxx. 10; Liv. xlv. (Diog. Laërt. i. 68–73; Menag. ad loc. ; Plat.
31; Diod. Erc. p. 578; see p. 569, b. ) The Protag. p. 343; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 3 ; Ael. V. H.
power thus obtained Charops in particular so bar- iii. 17; Perizon. ad loc. ; Plin. H. N. vii. 32 ;
barously abused, that Polybius has recorded his Diod. Exc. de Virt. et Vit. p. 552, ed. Wess;
belief is that there never had been before and Arist. Rhet. ii. 12. & 14; Herod. vii. 235; comp.
never would be again a greater monster of cruelty. ” Thuc. iv. 53; Arnold, ad loc. )
But even his cruelty did not surpass his rapacity 2. A Spartan of the royal house of the Eury-
and extortion, in which he was fully aided and pontids. On the death of Cleomenes III. in B. C.
seconded by his mother, Philotis. (Diod. Exc. 220, his claim to the throne was disregarded, and
p. 587. ) His proceedings, however, were dis- the election fell on one Lycurgus, who was not a
countenanced at Rome, and when he went thither Heracleid. Cheilon was so indignant at this, that
to obtain the senate's confirmation of his iniquity, he devised a revolution, holding out to the people
be not only received from them an unfavourable the hope of a division of landed property-a plan
and threatening answer, but the chief men of the which Agis IV. and Cleomenes Ill. had succes-
state, and Aemilius Paullus among the number, sively failed to realize. Being joined by about
refused to receive him into their houses. Yet on 200 adherents, he surprised the ephori at supper,
his return to Epeirus he had the audacity to falsify and murdered them. Lycurgus, however, whose
the senate's sentence. The year 157 B. c. is com- house he next attacked, effected his escape, and
memorated by Polybius as one in which Greece Cheilon, having in vain endeavoured to rouse the
was purged of many of her plagues: as an instance people in his cause, was compelled to take refuge
of this, he mentions the death of Charops at Brun- in Achaia. (Polyb. iv. 35, 81. ) [E. E. ]
disium. (Polyb. XXX. 14, xxxi. 8, xxxii. 21, 22. ) CHEILO'NIS (Xeuwvis). 1. Daughter of
Both this man and his grandfather are called Cheilon of Lacedaemon, is mentioned by Iambli-
· Charopus” by Livy.
(E. E. ] chus (de Vit. Pyth. 36, ad fin. ) as one of the most
CHAROʻPUS. [CHAROPS. ]
distinguished women of the school of Pythagoras.
CHARTAS (Xdpras) and SYADRAS (Eva- 2. Daughter of Leonidas II.
